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1

Almeida, Adriano A., Daniel L. Rodrigues-Jr, Laura S. P. Perassa, Jeanete Leicht, and Fernando J. G. Landgraf. "Anomalous loss hysteresis loop." Materials Research 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392014005000020.

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2

RS, Aiswarya, Veerandra Kumar R, and Punitha P. "The Effect of Grain Size and Silicon Content on Non-Oriented Grain Steel Anomalous Loss Through Frequency Excitation in The Medical Healthcare by Using Big Data Analysis." Tamjeed Journal of Healthcare Engineering and Science Technology 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59785/tjhest.v1i1.5.

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Using steels for commercial electromagnetic purposes produced by the Jordan Steel Group, the current research will look into the effects of grain size and excitation frequency on anomalous losses and the characteristics of the hysteresis curve of the anomalous loss. The final heat treatment of 21 steel samples for commercial electromagnetic purposes, divided into three groups differing in chemical composition, was carried out in the laboratory to determine the influence of electrical resistivity, grain size, and excitation frequency on total, hysteretic, and seek a better understanding of the effect of these variables on the anomalous loss portion. Compare the experimental data to the hypothesized constitutive equations in the literature and study to create the parasitic loss plus hysteretic loss curve using interpolation, superimpose it on the total loss hysteresis curve, then correlate the areas between the curves with anomalous loss and energy dissipation processes. It is possible to determine from micrographs and grain sizes that there was an increase in grain size due to normal brain development and a minor fraction of aberrant growth at high temperatures.
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3

Meng, Ai Hua, Ming Fan Li, Han Lin He, and Hua Wei Ji. "Dynamic Coupling Hysteresis Model for Giant Magnetostrictive Materials." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2262.

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The giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) in dynamic magnetic field has nonlinear and hysteretic characters. Based on the nonlinear constitutive model of the material, the quasi-static hysteresis model with magneto-elastic coupling was built on the Jiles-Atherton model. Considering the eddy current and anomalous losses, the hysteresis model was modified, and the dynamic coupling hysteresis model was established on the basis. Compared with the experimental data, the areas of hysteresis curves increased with frequency, and the maximum magnetostriction strain of the curves increased with prestress. The model agreed well with the experiments within the range of 500Hz.
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4

Snaith, Henry J., Antonio Abate, James M. Ball, Giles E. Eperon, Tomas Leijtens, Nakita K. Noel, Samuel D. Stranks, Jacob Tse-Wei Wang, Konrad Wojciechowski, and Wei Zhang. "Anomalous Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 5, no. 9 (April 10, 2014): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz500113x.

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5

O'Grady, K., and S. J. Greaves. "Anomalous effects in minor hysteresis loops." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 31, no. 6 (1995): 2794–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.490154.

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6

Mazauric, Vincent, Mathilde Drouineau, and Loïc Rondot. "Assessing anomalous losses with dynamic hysteresis models." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 33, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2010): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2010-1101.

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7

Ingle, S. G., and J. G. Dupare. "Anomalous hysteresis loops in KNbO3 single crystals." Philosophical Magazine B 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819308230223.

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8

Hadjipanayis, G. C., S. H. Aly, and D. J. Sellmyer. "Anomalous magnetic hysteresis in an amorphous Nd54Co36B10alloy." Journal of Applied Physics 57, no. 8 (April 15, 1985): 4133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334642.

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9

van Reenen, Stephan, Martijn Kemerink, and Henry J. Snaith. "Modeling Anomalous Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 6, no. 19 (September 10, 2015): 3808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01645.

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10

Wang, C. C., and L. W. Zhang. "Anomalous thermal hysteresis in dielectric permittivity of CaCu3Ti4O12." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 13 (March 31, 2008): 132903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2905278.

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11

BARANDIARAN, J. "Anomalous hysteresis and metamagnetism in Bi substituted perovskites." Physica B: Condensed Matter 343, no. 1-4 (January 2004): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2003.08.073.

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12

Shaukat, S. F., Ya-ming Dong, and R. Farooq. "Anomalous hysteresis behavior in a cobalt ferrite ferrofluid." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 5, no. 2 (June 2001): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-001-0005-9.

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13

Güntzel, U., and K. Westerholt. "Anomalous low temperature hysteresis properties of ferromagnetic metglasses." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 66, no. 1 (March 1987): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(87)90134-x.

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14

Ohta, Tomoharu, Kaito Kurokawa, Nan Jiang, Kohei Yamagami, Yoshinori Okada, and Yasuhiro Niimi. "Enhancement of spin–flop-induced magnetic hysteresis in van der Waals magnet (Fe1−xCox)5GeTe2." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 15 (April 10, 2023): 152402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0141495.

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We have systematically studied magnetotransport properties in van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials, (Fe1− xCo x)5GeTe2, where the magnetic phase changes from the ferromagnetic with the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA; [Formula: see text]) or with the in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA; x = 0.19) to the antiferromagnetic ( x = 0.46) with the PMA. We have demonstrated that such magnetic properties seen in bulk still remain even in thin film devices. An anomalous Hall resistance with magnetic hysteresis was clearly observed in the low Co substitution ([Formula: see text]). The anomalous Hall effect was still observable for x = 0.19, but the magnetic hysteresis vanishes because of the IMA. In the antiferromagnetic region, there was no anomalous Hall effect in the low magnetic field range, but a clear hysteresis was observed at 2.5 T where the spin–flop transition takes place. This hysteresis can be seen only below 30 K and monotonically decreases with increasing temperature. We argue that the defects at a specific site in this system and also the resistance upturn below 30 K could be related to the hysteric behavior at the spin–flop transition. Our findings provide a recipe for the use of (Fe1− xCo x)5GeTe2 with different Co substitutions to construct vdW magnetic devices.
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15

Бахметьев, М. В., А. Д. Таланцев, О. В. Коплак, and Р. Б. Моргунов. "Анизотропия и медленная релаксация аномального эффекта Холла в синтетических ферримагнетиках GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo." Физика твердого тела 65, no. 1 (2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2023.01.53915.473.

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In synthetic ferrimagnets with perpendicular anisotropy GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo, the dependence of the hysteresis loops of the anomalous Hall resistance and the characteristics of the loops on the angle between the magnetic field and the plane of the sample are analyzed. The part of the anomalous Hall resistance corresponding to the spin-orbit torque has been identified. The field dependences of the resistance are sensitive to switching between the magnetic states of the two-layer ferrimagnet and they reproduce the shapes of the magnetization hysteresis loops, calculated with the interlayer exchange interaction, crystal anisotropy, and Zeeman energies at different angles between the field and sample. A slow (~30 min) magnetic relaxation of resistivity hysteresis after reorientation of the sample in magnetic field was found. Specific domain dynamics inherent in two-layer samples was revealed by Kerr microscopy. It was found that slow restoration of the resistivity hysteresis loop is due to domain propagation.
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16

Bakhmetiev M. V., Talantsev A. D., Koplak O. V., and Morgunov R. B. "Anisotropy and delayed relaxation of the anomalous Hall effect in GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo synthetic ferrimagnets." Physics of the Solid State 65, no. 1 (2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2023.01.54966.473.

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In synthetic ferrimagnets with perpendicular anisotropy GdFeCo/Ir/GdFeCo, the dependence of the hysteresis loops of the anomalous Hall resistance and the characteristics of the loops on the angle between the magnetic field and the plane of the sample are analyzed. The part of the anomalous Hall resistance corresponding to the spin-orbit torque has been identified. The field dependences of the resistance are sensitive to switching between the magnetic states of the two-layer ferrimagnet and they reproduce the shapes of the magnetization hysteresis loops, calculated with the interlayer exchange interaction, crystal anisotropy, and Zeeman energies at different angles between the field and sample. A slow (~30 min) magnetic relaxation of resistivity hysteresis after reorientation of the sample in magnetic field was found. Specific domain dynamics inherent in two-layer samples was revealed by Kerr microscopy. It was found that slow restoration of the resistivity hysteresis loop is due to domain propagation. Keywords: spin Hall effect, spin-orbit torque, magnetic relaxation, domain wall dynamics.
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17

Courtier, Nicola E., James M. Cave, Jamie M. Foster, Alison B. Walker, and Giles Richardson. "How transport layer properties affect perovskite solar cell performance: insights from a coupled charge transport/ion migration model." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee01576g.

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18

He, Zhiwei, Lihua Zhu, Zhen Wang, and Chang-Seop Koh. "Anomalous Loss and Hysteresis Loop in Electrical Steel Sheet." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 57, no. 6 (June 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2021.3057604.

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19

AUSLOOS, M., Ch LAURENT, S. K. PATAPIS, A. RULMONT, and P. TARTE. "VERY ANOMALOUS HYSTERESIS IN GRANULAR HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING CERAMICS." Modern Physics Letters B 03, no. 02 (February 1989): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984989000297.

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The observation of a very anomalous hysteresis in the resistivity behavior of granular high temperature ceramic superconductors, under the influence of a low magnetic field, in the critical temperature region [TR, Tc] is discussed. After eliminating various a priori possible mechanisms, such as that of superconductive glass state, we present arguments strongly suggesting that the effect comes from flux pinning effects and the peculiar grain “boundary condition” effects.
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20

Il’ina, Marina V., Oleg I. Il’in, Andrey V. Guryanov, Olga I. Osotova, Yuriy F. Blinov, Alexander A. Fedotov, and Oleg A. Ageev. "Anomalous piezoelectricity and conductivity in aligned carbon nanotubes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 18 (2021): 6014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00356a.

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Using PFM, it is shown that aligned carbon nanotubes have abnormally large piezoelectric strain coefficient of 203 ± 18 pm V−1. The piezoelectric properties of CNTs can cause a significant decrease in conductivity and a hysteresis in I–V characteristics.
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21

Iino, Ion, Tatsuo Tada, Kentaro Toyoki, Ryoichi Nakatani, and Yu Shiratsuchi. "Anomalous Hall effect in Pt/Al-doped Cr2O3 epitaxial film." AIP Advances 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 015035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000382.

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The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) was studied for the Pt(111)/(Al0.04Cr0.96)2O3(0001) epitaxial bilayer wherein the finite small magnetization is intentionally generated by doping Al in the pure antiferromagnetic Cr2O3. Despite that the (Al0.04Cr0.96)2O3 layer is an insulator, the sizable AHE accompanied with the hysteresis against the magnetic field reversal was obtained. The hysteresis is attributed to the magnetization reversal of the (Al0.04Cr0.96)2O3 layer. The anomalous Hall conductivity shows two characteristics in the temperature dependence: the turndown with decreasing temperature and the dip near the Néel temperature. These are distinct from the temperature dependence of the magnetization showing the monotonic decrease with increasing temperature. The discussion yields a plausible mechanism of the AHE as spin-chiral texture in the momentum space as the theory predicted for the Pt/Cr2O3 interface.
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22

Ye, Quan-Lin, Chun-Mu Feng, Xiao-Jun Xu, Jin-Sheng Jin, A.-Gen Xia, and Gao-Xiang Ye. "Anomalous hysteresis properties of iron films deposited on liquid surfaces." Journal of Applied Physics 98, no. 1 (July 2005): 013906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1944216.

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23

Buceta, J., J. M. Parrondo, C. Van den Broeck, and F. J. de la Rubia. "Negative resistance and anomalous hysteresis in a collective molecular motor." Physical Review E 61, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 6287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.61.6287.

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24

Stamps, R. L. "Dynamic magnetic hysteresis and anomalous viscosity in exchange bias systems." Physical Review B 61, no. 18 (May 1, 2000): 12174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.61.12174.

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25

Lu, Qifeng, Yanfei Qi, Ce Zhou Zhao, Chenguang Liu, Chun Zhao, Stephen Taylor, and Paul R. Chalker. "Investigation of Anomalous Hysteresis in MOS Devices With ZrO2Gate Dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 17, no. 3 (September 2017): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2017.2731796.

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26

Ribeiro, J. L., M. R. Chaves, A. Almeida, H. E. Muser, J. Albers, and A. Klöpperpieper. "Anomalous thermal hysteresis at the lock-in transitions in BCCD." Ferroelectrics 105, no. 1 (May 1990): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199008224670.

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27

Gallitto, A. Agliolo, M. Bonura, and M. Li Vigni. "Anomalous magnetic hysteresis in the microwave surface resistance of MgB2superconductor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 97 (February 1, 2008): 012207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012207.

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28

Furukawa, Kazuo, and Toshikazu Hirose. "Anomalous Thermal Hysteresis of Dielectric Constant of Tungsten Trioxide WO3." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 55, no. 11 (November 15, 1986): 4137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.55.4137.

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29

Vértesy, G., and A. Magni. "Anomalous behaviour of minor magnetic hysteresis loops in garnet films." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 34, no. 1 (December 7, 2000): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/34/1/309.

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30

Reimann, P., R. Kawai, C. Van den Broeck, and P. Hänggi. "Coupled Brownian motors: Anomalous hysteresis and zero-bias negative conductance." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 45, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1999-00202-4.

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31

BÂLDEA, IOAN. "POSSIBLE CORRELATION OF THE ANOMALOUS THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF NbSe3 TO MOBILE DEFECTS." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 14n15 (June 1991): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991001234.

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The model of quasi-regular impurity (defect) distribution driven by CDW is used to suggest a possible explanation of the anomalous thermal behavior (thermal hysteresis, latent heats, etc.) found at the CDW transitions in the linear chain compound NbSe 3.
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32

Rusalina A. S., Lepalovskij V. N., Stepanova E. A., Vas’kovskiy V. O., Kurlyandskaya G. V., and Svalov A. V. "Anomalous hysteresis loops of ferrimagnetic Gd-Co films of different thickness near the magnetic compensation temperature." Physics of the Solid State 65, no. 6 (2023): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2023.06.56089.08h.

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Triple hysteresis loops were observed for amorphous ferrimagnetic Gd-Co films near the magnetic compensation temperature, which can be a consequence of both the spin-flop transition and the chemical composition gradient. In the work, an assessment of the possible chemical inhomogeneity of the films based on magnetic measurements was carried out and its relationship with the thickness of the samples was observed. Keywords: amorphous magnetic films, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, ferrimagnetism, magnetic domain structure, magnetic hysteresis.
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33

Zhang, Ye, Mingzhen Liu, Giles E. Eperon, Tomas C. Leijtens, David McMeekin, Michael Saliba, Wei Zhang, et al. "Charge selective contacts, mobile ions and anomalous hysteresis in organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells." Materials Horizons 2, no. 3 (2015): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mh00238e.

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34

Dovgii, V. T., A. I. Linnik, V. P. Pashchenko, V. N. Derkachenko, V. K. Prokopenko, V. A. Turchenko, and N. V. Davydeiko. "Anomalous magnetic hysteresis in La0.6Sr0.2Mn1.2O3−δ manganites with a perovskite structure." Technical Physics Letters 29, no. 7 (July 2003): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1598564.

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35

Frost, Jarvist M., Keith T. Butler, and Aron Walsh. "Molecular ferroelectric contributions to anomalous hysteresis in hybrid perovskite solar cells." APL Materials 2, no. 8 (August 2014): 081506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4890246.

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36

Rao, X. S., C. K. Ong, B. B. Jin, and Y. P. Feng. "Hysteresis measurement of anomalous microwave surface resistance in superconducting thin films." Physica C: Superconductivity 341-348 (November 2000): 2747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)01493-3.

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37

Konoike, T., S. Uji, T. Terashima, M. Nishimura, T. Yamaguchi, K. Enomoto, H. Fujiwara, B. Zhang, and H. Kobayashi. "Anomalous magnetic-field-hysteresis of quantum oscillations in κ-(BETS)2FeBr4." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 142, no. 3-4 (February 2006): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02679561.

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38

Konoike, T., S. Uji, T. Terashima, M. Nishimura, T. Yamaguchi, K. Enomoto, H. Fujiwara, B. Zhang, and H. Kobayashi. "Anomalous Magnetic-Field-Hysteresis of Quantum Oscillations in κ-(BETS)2FeBr4." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 142, no. 3-4 (January 20, 2007): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-006-9160-5.

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39

Chen, D.-X., L. Pascual, F. J. Castaño, A. Hernando, and M. Vazquez. "Anomalous asymmetric magneto-inductance in amorphous Co68.2Fe4.3Si12.5B15wire with shifted hysteresis loop." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 33, no. 2 (December 22, 1999): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/33/2/303.

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40

Arav, A., and B. Rubinsky. "Temperature gradient osmometer and anomalies in freezing temperatures." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): R1646—R1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.6.r1646.

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We have developed a new device that measures freezing and melting temperatures in nanoliter volume samples and can be used as a "freezing point osmometer" with a resolution many orders of magnitude greater than that of existing freezing point osmometers. Using this device we found anomalies in the depression of the freezing temperature and thermal hysteresis in aqueous solutions of hydrophilic amino acids, polyamino acids, and lectins. These anomalies would not have been possible to detect with currently used technology. The compounds that produce anomalies in freezing temperature were reported in the literature as having the ability to bind to cell membranes. This suggests a relation between a molecule's ability to bind to cell membranes and its anomalous freezing temperature depression. The new freezing point osmometer and our results could be important for studying and understanding organic molecules and their interaction with membranes and water.
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41

Hong, Siang-Jie, Feng-Ming Chang, Tung-He Chou, Seong Heng Chan, Yu-Jane Sheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao. "Anomalous Contact Angle Hysteresis of a Captive Bubble: Advancing Contact Line Pinning." Langmuir 27, no. 11 (June 7, 2011): 6890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la2009418.

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42

Zhu, J. G., S. Y. R. Hui, and V. S. Ramsden. "Discrete modelling of magnetic cores including hysteresis eddy current and anomalous losses." IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 140, no. 4 (1993): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-a-3.1993.0048.

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43

Grover, A. K., C. Radhakrishnamurty, P. Chaddah, G. Ravi Kumar, and G. V. Subbarao. "Anomalous magnetic hysteresis loops and smallH c1 values in highT c superconductors." Pramana 30, no. 2 (February 1988): L167—L171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02846656.

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44

Gridnev, S. A., V. V. Gorbatenko, and B. N. Prasolov. "On the nature of anomalous thermal hysteresis in crystals with incommensurate phase." Ferroelectrics 143, no. 1 (June 1993): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199308008316.

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45

Wong, C. K., and F. G. Shin. "Modeling of anomalous shift and asymmetric hysteresis behavior of ferroelectric thin films." Journal of Applied Physics 96, no. 11 (December 2004): 6648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1810634.

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46

SUGAWARA, K., N. ARAI, A. KOUZUKI, S. ICHIMURA, H. NAOI, K. HOTTA, and H. HIROSE. "ANOMALOUS BEHAVIORS OF NON-RESONANT MICROWAVE ABSORPTIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 16 (June 30, 2000): 1633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200001631.

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The non-resonant microwave absorption (NRMA) measurements have been intensively performed for superconducting thin films of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y fabricated on MgO (100) substrates and powder samples of LaSrCuO systems. In order to complement the study, we also review the NRMA of BiSrCaCuO system. A particular attention has been paid to the following phenomena: (i) phases, (ii) effect of current, (iii) directional effect of applied magnetic field, (iv) hysteresis, (v) microwave power absorbed as a function of magnetic field, (vi) linewidth in the vicinity of T c , and (vii) modulation amplitude effect. A preliminary study on ( La 0.98 Dy 0.02)1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 was also reported.
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47

Ivanov, Oleg, Elena Danshina, Yulia Tuchina, and Viacheslav Sirota. "Diffuse Phase Transition and Ferroelectric Properties of Ceramic Solid Solutions in New SrTiO3-BiScO3 System." Advances in Science and Technology 67 (October 2010): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.67.59.

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Ceramic solid solutions of (1-x)SrTiO3-(x)BiScO3 system with x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 have been for the first time synthesized via solid-state processing techniques. Both of end compounds in this system are not ferroelectric materials. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that at room temperature the samples under study at x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 consist of mixture of center-symmetric cubic Pm3m phase and polar tetragonal P4mm phase. Anomalous behaviour of dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses for these samples is found to be specific one for ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transitions. Furthermore, examination of the polarization hysteresis behavior revealed weakly nonlinear hysteresis loops in the ferroelectric phase.
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48

Lund Frandsen, Henrik, and Staffan Svensson. "Implementation of sorption hysteresis in multi-Fickian moisture transport." Holzforschung 61, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.113.

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Abstract In the cellular structure of wood, bound-water diffusion and water-vapor diffusion interact via sorption in a complex moisture-transportation system. At low relative humidities, moisture transport may be modeled by a Fickian diffusion equation with a good approximation. At higher relative humidities, slow sorption and faster bound-water diffusion cause effects, which have been referred to as non-Fickian or anomalous, as they cannot be modeled by one Fickian diffusion equation. Previous research has demonstrated that a set of coupled diffusion equations, namely the multi-Fickian model, can represent this behavior. The multi-Fickian model describes the combined transport of bound water and vapor and their interaction through sorption. The bound-water concentration is also influenced by sorption hysteresis. In the worst case, sorption hysteresis may result in deviations of up to 30–35% in moisture content. Hence, for a precise moisture content computation, sorption hysteresis must be taken into account. The present paper explains the relation between sorption hysteresis and multi-Fickian moisture transport, and clarifies how models for the two phenomena are coupled. To illustrate the effects, a finite element simulation, which is based on the combined model, is presented.
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49

Trindade, M. A., Marcos Flavio de Campos, Fernando José Gomes Landgraf, Nelson Batista de Lima, and A. Almeida. "Influence of Thickness on Magnetic and Microstructural Properties in Electrical Steels Semi-Processed of Low Efficiency." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.466.

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In this study, a steel for semiprocessed electrical purposes of non-oriented grain with approximately 0.05% carbon content and 0.02% silicon content was evaluated. Lamellas with kind of thicknesses 0.58 mm, 0,66 mm and 0.87 mm were processed on an industrial scale with a strain rate in the hardening lamination between 3 and 5%. The magnetic properties were evaluated after the wet heat treatment. The loss separation method was applied, estimating the hysteretic plot with hysteresis measure in the quasi static condition and the parasitic losses calculated according to Thomson's Equation. By increasing grain size, permeability increases and coercivity decreases. However, in the case of losses, there is an optimum grain size. After the procedure of separation of losses, it was observed that increase of thickness results in increase of the anomalous parcel of magnetic losses.
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50

Wu, Jiazhen, Fucai Liu, Masato Sasase, Koichiro Ienaga, Yukiko Obata, Ryu Yukawa, Koji Horiba, et al. "Natural van der Waals heterostructural single crystals with both magnetic and topological properties." Science Advances 5, no. 11 (November 2019): eaax9989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9989.

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Heterostructures having both magnetism and topology are promising materials for the realization of exotic topological quantum states while challenging in synthesis and engineering. Here, we report natural magnetic van der Waals heterostructures of (MnBi2Te4)m(Bi2Te3)n that exhibit controllable magnetic properties while maintaining their topological surface states. The interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange coupling is gradually weakened as the separation of magnetic layers increases, and an anomalous Hall effect that is well coupled with magnetization and shows ferromagnetic hysteresis was observed below 5 K. The obtained homogeneous heterostructure with atomically sharp interface and intrinsic magnetic properties will be an ideal platform for studying the quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulator states, and the topological magnetoelectric effect.
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