Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anomalies quantiques'
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FARHI, Emmanuel. "Etude des anomalies paraelectriques quantiques de perovskites derivees de KTaO_3." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003038.
Full textdi'electriques qui devraient ?etre ferro'electriques
en dessous de la temp'erature de CurieWeiss Tc .
Que se passetil ? A basse temp'erature, les
fluctuations ferro'electriques sont contr?ol'ees par
un mode de vibration transverse optique (TO),
dit ferro'electrique qui devient mou (sa fr'equence
diminue) au centre de la zone de Brillouin lorsque
la temp'erature d'ecro?it. Mais pour T ! T q ¸ Tc ,
le fort mouvement quantique de point z'ero de l'ion
central (Ta dans KTaO3) emp?eche la condensation
du mode ferro'electrique, dont la fr'equence se sta
bilise `a basse 'energie. La constante di'electrique
ffl sature `a une tr`es grande valeur, et un fort cou
plage avec le mode transverse acoustique devient
visible.
En 1991, K.A. M¨uller, d'apr`es une 'etude RPE,
envisage une transition de phase d'un nouveau
type dans ces mat'eriaux. B. Hehlen et E.
Courtens s'int'eressent alors aux propri'et'es basses
fr'equences du SrTiO3 et du KTaO3 . Les 'etudes
de diffusion neutronique, mais surtout Brillouin,
montrent alors, parmi les nombreuses anomalies,
une nouvelle excitation tr`es basse fr'equence, qu'ils
attribuent au second son, la propagation ondula
toire de la chaleur.
Ce travail pr'esente des r'esultats originaux
obtenus en diffusion neutronique et Brillouin `a
basse temp'erature (5300 K). Une param'etrisation
des nappes de phonons dans KTaO3 a servi de
base au calcul de la largeur normale des phonons,
de la vitesse th'eorique du second son, dans le cas
o`u il serait effectivement observable, et du spectre
complet de diffusion Brillouin par des processus de
diff'erence de deux phonons. La comparaison des
simulations avec l'exp'erience montre un bon ac
cord pour le calcul des largeurs et des nappes, et le
processus physique observ'e en spectroscopie Bril
louin est probablement celui de diff'erence de deux
phonons. Les diff'erents aspects de la dynamique
des phonons basse fr'equence peuvent ?etre unifi'es
au sein d'une th'eorie de diffusion Brillouin au sec
ond ordre.
Mots clefs : phonons, para'electriques quan
tiques, second son, anharmonicit'e, diffusion neu
tronique, spectroscopie Brillouin, mod'elisation et
simulation num'erique, KTaO3 , SrTiO3 .
Fahri, Emmanuel. "Etude des anomalies paraélectriques quantiques de pérovskites dérivées de KTaO3." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20190.
Full textLarue, Rémy. "Quelques aspects de théorie effective des champs et anomalies quantiques en gravité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY019.
Full textQuantum Field Theory (QFT) is a rich and complex formalism that has proved to be tremendously fruitful over the past decades. Collective endeavor has allowed to greatly enhance our understanding of QFT, yet there remains much to unravel. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to help achieve a better understanding of some aspects of QFT, namely Effective Field Theories (EFTs) in curved spacetime and quantum (gravitational) anomalies.Throughout this thesis, our main tool will be the Path Integral, which is particularly suited when dealing with EFTs and anomalies in gravity. The first Chapter is thus dedicated to introducing the concept of Path Integral, its construction, its interpretation, and its use in QFT.The EFT paradigm has been in full swing for about a decade due to the lack of direct detection of new Physics in experiments. However, the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics exhibits unsolved puzzles, which call for Beyond the SM (BSM) models to resolve them. This indicates that the SM is an incomplete theory that breaks down above some energy scale, which is by definition an EFT. The effects of gravity in EFTs pertain to many scenarii (QFT around black holes, inflation, condensed matter systems, etc...), however computations in curved spacetime can quickly become untractable. This motivates the development of powerful computational tools to circumvent that difficulty. The second Chapter of this thesis is thus dedicated to introducing the EFT paradigm, and to presenting our results concerning EFT computations in gravity. As an interesting novelty, we fill a dearth in the literature concerning chiral fermions in gravity in the Path Integral, and obtain new effective operators that were omitted before.The subject of the last Chapter of this thesis is the study of quantum anomalies, which are the breaking of classical symmetries upon quantisation of the theory. Anomalies occur in low energy EFTs, and hold a prominent place due to their relation to topological invariants. As a result, topological anomalies are independent from the energy scale of the EFT, and provide direct insight into high energy effects. Besides their topological nature, they have important phenomenological implications, the historical example being the decay of pions into two photons. Anomalies are central in the understanding of QFTs, and have been the subject of many debates up until very recently. As we will see, difficulties are mainly due to their crucial link to divergences that need regularising and renormalising. These difficulties are exacerbated in curved spacetime when several symmetries are intertwined. Along with these discussions, several of our results are presented in Chapter 3. We first propose an efficient method to extract anomalies from EFTs while keeping non-anomalous symmetries under control. We then help solving a controversy regarding the presence of parity violating effects in the trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion. Finally, we extend our previous result to conclude on the absence of parity violating contributions to the trace anomaly in a model-independent manner
Tauber, Clément. "Trois applications d'une approche géométrique à la théorie conforme des champs." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1047/document.
Full textThe thesis, consisting of three parts, is focusing on different physical problems that are related to two dimensional Conformal Field Theory (CFT).The first part deals with nonequilibrium transport properties across a junction of quantum wires. Three models are studied. The first one describes the wires by a free compactified bosonic field, seen as the bosonization of the Luttinger liquid of electrons. The junction of the wires is modeled by a boundary condition that ensures nontrivial scattering of the charges between the wires. Combining canonical quantization and functional integral, we compute exactly the current correlation functions in equilibrium, but also in a nonequilibrium stationary state, as well as the full counting statistics of charge and energy between the wires set at different temperatures and potentials. The two other models of quantum wire junction are based on Wess-Zumino-Witten theory (WZW). In the first one, the junction is described by a “cyclic brane” and in the second, by a “coset brane”. The results in the first case are as complete as for the free field, but the charges are fully transmitted from one wire to the next one. In the second case, the scattering is nontrivial, but the model turns out to be difficult to solve.The second part of the thesis studies the global gauge anomalies in “coset” models of CFT, realized as gauged WZW theories. The (almost) complete classification of such anomalies, that lead to some inconsistent coset models, is presented. It is based on Dynkin classification of subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.Finally, the third part of the thesis describes the geometric construction of index from unitary operator families obtained from valence band projectors of a two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulator. The index is related on one hand to the square root of the Wess-Zumino amplitude of such a family, and, on the other hand, it reproduces the Kane-Mele invariant of the insulator. The last identification requires a nontrivial argument that uses a new gauge anomaly of WZW models with boundary.The three parts of the thesis use similar geometrical tool of CFT, that permits to obtain several original results. The unity in the method, as well as the topic of anomalies, builds a bridge between the different components of the manuscript
Jarczak, Candide. "Anomalies and anomalous dimensions in N = 4 SYM theory." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10163.
Full textIn the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we calculate the anomalous dimensions of some composite operators in the N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory. We use a trick relying on the properties of these operators considered as superconformal representations near the unitarity bound. In this way we gain an order in perturbation theory. Our method requires understanding how these composite operators mix in the quantum theory. We thus found the anomalous dimension of two operators from the BMN family up to three loops, and the anomalous dimensions of the twist-two operators up to one loop. Our results confirm the predictions coming from string theory via the AdS/CFT correspondence
Bautista, Solans Maria Teresa. "Weyl anomalies and quantum cosmology." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066329/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the cosmological consequences of Weyl anomalies arising from the renormalization of composite operators of the fundamental fields, including the metric. These anomalies are encoded in the gravitational dressings of the operators in a non-local quantum effective action. We derive the evolution equations that follow from this action and look for cosmological solutions. For simplicity, we focus on Einstein-Hilbert gravity with a cosmological constant. We first consider two-dimensional gravity, where Liouville theory allows us to compute the gravitational dressing of the cosmological constant operator. Using a Weyl-invariant formulation, we determine the gauge-invariant but non-local effective action, and compute the corresponding non-local momentum tensor. The Weyl anomalies modify the full quantum momentum tensor, not only its trace, and hence lead to interesting effects in the cosmological dynamics. In particular, we find a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-down of the de Sitter expansion. In four dimensions, motivated by our results in two dimensions, we parametrize the effective action with scale-dependent gravitational dressings, and compute the general evolution equations. In the approximation of constant anomalous dimensions, the momentum tensor leads to a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-roll quasi-de Sitter expansion, just as in two dimensions. The anomalous dimensions are in principle computable in a given microscopic theory using semiclassical methods. Even though the anomalous dimensions are small in perturbation theory, their integrated effect over several e-folds could add up to something significant during primordial cosmology
Cardona, Alexander. "Géométrie de familles de complexes elliptiques, dualité et anomalies." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22358.
Full textLeclere, Cédric. "Spectroscopies X et diffraction anomale de boîtes quantiques GaN et d'hétéro-structure III-N : inter-diffusion et ordre à courte distance." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072456.
Full textHuang, Yichao. "Chaos multiplicatif gaussien et applications à la gravité quantique de Liouville." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066623/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the theory of Liouville Quantum Gravity via probabilist approach, introduced in the seminal paper of Polyakov in 1981, using path integral formalism on 2d surfaces. To define this path integral with exponential interaction, we started from the theory of Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos in order to define exponential of log-correlated Gaussian fields. In the first part, we generalise the construction of Liouville Quantum Gravity on the Riemann sphere to another geometry, the one of the unit disk. The novelty of this work, in collaboration with R.Rhodes and V.Vargas, is to analyse carefully the boundary term in the path integral formalism and its interaction with the bulk measure. We establish rigorously formulae from Conformal Field Theory in Physics, such as conformal covariance, KPZ relation, conformal anomaly and Seiberg bounds. A relaxed Seiberg bound in the unit volume case of Liouville Quantum Gravity on the disk is also announced and studied. In the second part of this thesis, we compare this construction in the spirit of Polyakov to another approach to the Liouville Quantum Gravity. In collaboration with two other young researchers, J.Aru and X.Sun, we give a correspondance between these two approaches in a simple but conceptually important case, namely the one on the Riemann sphere with three marked points. Using technics coming from these two approches, we give a new way of regularisation procedure that eventually allow us to link these two pictures
Allard, Adrien. "Étude ab initio des phonons du graphène sur substrats métalliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10174/document.
Full textThe fabrication of high quality large-area graphene films is one of the biggest problem. Recently, the synthesis by chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbons over a metallic substrate have shown promising results. To manage as well as possible the transfer process of the graphene layer in an insulator, it is important to know the interaction strength between the graphene layer and the metallic substrate. We propose in this paper to calculate the phonon dispersion of an adsorbed graphene. The phonon dispersion of graphene is known to display two strong Kohn Anomalies (kinks) in the highest optical branch (HOB) at the high-symmetry points Gamma and K. The phonon slope around the Kohn anomalies is related to the electron-phonon-coupling (EPC) with the graphene pi bands. We show that this EPC, which has strong impact, for example, on Raman scattering and electron transport, can be strongly modified due to interaction with a metallic substrate. For graphene grown on a Ni(111) surface, our ab initio calculations show a total suppression of the Kohn anomaly ; the HOB around Gamma and K becomes completely flat. This is due to the strong hybridization of the graphene pi-bands with the nickel d-bands that lifts the linear crossing of the pi bands at K. Raman spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction are quick and reliable methods to characterize graphene on metallic substrates. Our results show how to obtain additional information, by means of vibrational and photoemission spectroscopy, on the chemisorption or physisorption of graphene layers on metal surfaces
Berthiere, Clément. "Entanglement, boundaries and holography." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4017.
Full textThe entanglement entropy has had a tremendous and profound impact on theoretical physics, particularly since the last decade. First introduced in an attempt to explain black holes entropy, it has then found applications in a wide range of research areas, from condensed matter physics to quantum gravity, from quantum information to quantum field theory. In this exciting scientific context, the entanglement entropy has thus emerged as a useful and pivotal tool, and as such justifies the need to be intensively studied. At the heart of this thesis therefore lies the desire to better understand the entanglement entropy. Interesting developments during the recent years concern the boundary effects on the entanglement entropy. This dissertation proposes to explore the question of how the presence of spacetime boundaries affects the entropy, specifically in situations where the entangling surface intersects these boundaries. We present explicit calculations of entanglement entropy in flat spacetime with plane boundaries. We show that boundary induced terms appear in the entropy and we emphasize the prominent role of the boundary conditions. We then study the boundary contribution to the logarithmic term in the entanglement entropy in three and four dimensions. We perform the field theoretic computation of this boundary term for the free N = 4 super-gauge multiplet and then repeat the same calculation holographically. We show that these two calculations are in agreement provided that on the field theory side one chooses the boundary conditions which preserve half of the full supersymmetry and that on the gravity side the extension of the boundary in the bulk is minimal
Coraux, Johann. "Etude par spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction de la croissance et de l'encapsulation de boites quantiques GaN/AlN." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105778.
Full textLa mesure des structures fines en conditions de diffraction (spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction) et de la diffraction anomale, dans une géométrie en incidence rasante indispensable pour l'étude de nanoobjets, à nécessité des développements expérimentaux spécifiques. Conjointement, un effort particulier a été porté sur la prise en compte des effets dynamiques associés à l'utilisation d'une incidence rasante, dans l'analyse quantitative des résultats. En outre, les résultats ont été confrontés à des simulations des diagrammes de diffraction, des structures fines en condition de diffraction et de la diffraction anomale, sur la base de simulations des champs de déformations dans les boîtes quantiques.
L'encapsulation de boîtes quantiques GaN (0001) par AlN, susceptible de modifier les propriétés structurales et donc optoélectroniques des boîtes, a été étudié, in situ pendant la croissance et ex situ, par diffraction anomale et spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction ou d'absorption, par TEM et AFM. Ces mesures ont permis de proposer un mécanisme d'encapsulation original, et de mettre en évidence l'évolution des propriétés structurales des boîtes pendant l'encapsulation. L'empilement de plans de boîtes quantiques, et les effets de corrélations verticale de la position des boîtes associés, ont par ailleurs été étudié in situ, par diffraction anomale et diffusion aux petits angles en incidence rasante. Par RHEED, une étude préliminaire structurale du mûrissement des boîtes quantiques GaN (0001) a été entreprise. Enfin, AFM, TEM et MEIS ont permis d'analyser les propriétés structurales et optoélectroniques de boîtes quantiques GaN (11-20) auto-organisées.
Kilian, Ondrej. "The lattice dynamics of lead chalcogenides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10081/document.
Full textWe present ab-initio phonon dispersion relations for the three lead chalcogenides PbS, PbSe, and PbTe. The acoustic branches are in very good agreement with inelastie neutron-seattering data. Also calculations of the specific heat give good agreement with experimental data. The pronounced minimum of the transverse-optical (TO) branch at Gamma due to the near ferroelectricity of the lead chalcogenides is qualitatively reproduced. ln addition, we find a pronounced dip in the longitudinal-optieal (LO) branch at Gamma. This dip was previously explained as the effect of "free carriers" due to the presence of impurities. The calculations demonstrate that it persists also in the case of pure lead chalcogenides. We explain the dip as a "near Kohn anomaly"which is associated with the small electronic band gap at the high-symmetry point L. We show that this band-gap can be reduced to zero upon compression of the crystal lattice constant by 1.8%. In this case, the conduction and valence bands at L display a linear crossing, the TO and LO mode at Gamma are degenerate, and a very pronounced Kohn anomaly in the LO mode occurs. Furthermore, we have given theoretical and computational support for the interpretation of the diameter dependence of the Raman spectra of lead selenide nanocrystals. The first order Raman peak at about 136cm-1 and its second order overtone at twice this wave number move up in energy with decreasing nanocrystal radius. We interpret this anomalous behavior in terms of quantum confinement of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon. This interpretation is validated by ab-initio calculations of the phonons of PbSe slabs with up to fifteen layers, taking into account the effects of dielectric embedding. The LO mode perpendicular to the slab shifts indeed upwards with decreasing layer thickness. Our work provides the starting point for the investigation of electron-phonon coupling in bulk and nanocrystalline lead chalcogenides, which should help to better understand the photon absorption mechanisms and the use of these materials in light-harvesting and light-emitting devices
Mouillon, Alexandre. "Couples de spin-orbite dans une couche de métal ferromagnétique ultramince comprise entre deux oxydes : confinement quantique et effet Rashba." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY034.
Full textExperimentally demonstrated in the early 2010's, spin-orbite torques (SOTs) very quickly generated a very strong interest in the magnetism and spin electronics community. Indeed, they allow, in a heavy metal / ferromagnetic metal / oxide (HM/FM/Ox) multilayer, to manipulate the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer (FM) by injecting an in-plane current. Noting that the FM/Ox bilayer corresponds to half of a typical stack used in MRAM memory cells (Magnetic Random Access Memory), we understand that this mechanism is very interesting for writing the free layer of these cells. Indeed, the writing current no longer crosses the tunnel barrier, which naturally responds to some of the limitations of current MRAMs. However, the physical interpretation of these phenomena has proved to be particularly complex. These torques have two components, generally called "Field-like", FL, and "Damping-like", DL. While initially, theoretical studies predicted that the DL component was mainly due to a volume effect in the HM layer, and the FL component was mainly due to an interface effect, more recent experimental studies have shown that it is not so simple to separate these two contributions.In this thesis work, we have chosen an original approach that allows us to study only one of the two contributions. To do so, we have chosen to focus on the interfacial contribution by studying Ox1/FM/Ox2 samples. We were thus able to highlight in these stacks the presence of SOTs, which was not so obvious in a structure that did not contain heavy metal and also had a strong symmetry. On the other hand, we were able to show that only the FL component of these couples was present. The unexpected behaviour of this FL-SOT as a function of the thickness of the FM layer led us to propose a model based on the combination of a Rahsba interfacial effect and a quantum confinement effect due to the very thin thickness of conductive material in these multilayers
Corbineau, Kévin. "Sur une anomalie du développement perturbatif de la théorie de Chern-Simons." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM038/document.
Full textThe Kontsevich invariant $Z$ of rational homology $3-$ sphere was constructed by Maxim Kontsevich in 1992 using configuration space integrals.This invariant is graduated. It can be written as $Z=(Z_n)_{nin NN}$, where $Z_n$ values in the space $mathcal{A}_n$ of jacobi diagram with order $n$. A Jacobi diagram with order $n$ is a trivalent graph with $2n$ vertices. At a first point, we can see $Z$ as an invariant $Z(M,tau)$ of rational homology $3-$spheres equipped with a trivialisation $tau$ so that $Z$ is the exponential of an invariant $z(M,tau)=(z_n(M,tau))_{ninNN}$. In fact, we can say that $z_n(M,tau)$ counts the number of embeddings of connected jacobi diagrams with order $n$ with some additionnal conditions. We can associate an homotopic integer invariant $p_1(tau)$ to each trivialisation $tau$ of oriented $3-$manifolds and it exists $beta=(beta_n)_{ninNN}$, where $beta_ninmathcal{A}_n$ that is called anomaly so that $$z_n(M,tau) - p_1(tay)$$ is independant of $tau$. We name it $z_n(M)$ and $$Z(M)=exp((z_n(M)_{nin NN})).$$Greg Kuperberg and Dylan Thurston introduced this constant in 1999. We already know that $beta_n=0$ if $n$ is even and $beta_1neq 0$. This thesis is about the computation of $beta_3$. It describes simplified expressions of $beta_3$, and this expressions can be compute with a computer
Vaneph, Cyril. "Observation du phénomène de blocage anormal de photon dans le domaine micro-onde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066509/document.
Full textPhoton blockade is observed when a two level system is strongly coupled to a cavity thus limiting the occupation number of the cavity mode to zero or one photon. This phenomenon is analogous to the Coulomb blockade effect in mesoscopic physics and has been observed in optics by coupling a single atom or a quantum dot to a cavity. The efficiency of the blockade, as measured by the second order auto-correlation function g2(0) increases with the non-linearity of the system in comparison to the cavity width. In this thesis, we present a theoretical and experimental study of a new blockade mechanism, called "anomalous photon blockade effect", in the microwave domain. This effect appears in photonics systems consisting of two coupled modes, where at least one of the mode is non-linear. In contrast to the standard blockade effect, perfect blockade (g2(0)=0) can be achieved with an arbitrary weak non-linearity strength. In the first part, we present a theoretical study of the anomalous blockade, and we use, in particular, a description in terms of gaussian states. To experimentally observe this effect, we have micro-fabricated two coupled superconductive resonators, where one of the resonator is frequency tunable and non-linear thanks to a SQUID. In the second part, we present the fabrication process and the characterization of our sample. Finally, we present the different techniques that we use to measure the auto-correlation function g2(τ). This measurement allowed us to demonstrate the anomalous blockade effect and to study its various properties as a function of the experimental parameters
Cougoulic, Florian. "Nuclear effects in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions : transverse momentum broadening of energetic parton systems and soft anomalous dimension matrices." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0086/document.
Full textIn the Standard Model of particle physics,the theory of the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is a gauge theory of symmetry group SU (Nc) with respect to the color quantum number. QCD obeys the property of asymptotic freedom, allowing the computation of high-energy physical observables using perturbative QCD (pQCD). This thesis deals with the pQCD description of hadron production rates in high-energy hadronic collisions, in view of applications to the phenomenology of proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at hadron colliders (RHIC,LHC), where so-called nuclear effects (shadowing, parton energy loss, transverse momentum broadening) come into play. In a first part, I study the transverse broadening of an energetic parton system crossing a nucleus, putting emphasis on the color structure of the process. A theoretical setup based on the dipole formalism is used,and a kinetic equation is derived for the parton pair transverse momentum distribution, requiring the parton pair to be in a given color state (SU (Nc) irreducible representation) both in the initial and final state. The color structure is encoded in a color evolution operator, which is obtained for any type of parton pair. For a small-size compact pair, the derivation yields a transparent physical interpretation of the pair transverse broadening process. In a second part, I discuss the soft anomalous dimension matrix Q, which is formally analogous to the previous evolution operator, and which appears when studying soft gluon radiation associated to 2 −> 2 hard parton scattering. It has been noticed that the Q-matrix associated to gg −> gg has a surprising symmetry (relating external and internal degrees of freedom). I developed tools to derive the Q-matrices associated to2 −> 2 scatterings involving generalized partons, in order to explore if the symmetry observed for gg −> gg is fortuitous or not
Ma, Tianyi. "Spin-orbit torque and spin dependent transport in magnetic nano-heterostructures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0148.
Full textSpintronics focuses on exploiting both the spin and charge freedom of electrons. Magnetic tunnel junction is the cornerstone since it is a promising candidate as next-generation non-volatile memories. Therefore, one central research subject of spintronics is to enhance the electrical reading and writing performance of magnetic tunnel junctions. (1) Generation of spin currents in ferromagnets has been studied. And switching of perpendicular magnetization driven by two spin currents originated from the spin Hall effect and the anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnet has been realized. Experiments are carried out to obtain a well-designed Type-T magnetic multilayer. The existence of these two spin currents is validated by the current-induced perpendicular magnetization switching measurements. (2) An effective perpendicular magnetic field is obtained in a Type-T magnetic multilayer, which leads to an efficient spin-orbit torque induced perpendicular magnetization switching. With the interlayer coupling between the in-plane magnetization and the perpendicular magnetization, the perpendicular magnetization experiences an additional effective perpendicular field, which facilitates (hampers) the switching of perpendicular magnetization and reduces (increases) the critical current density when two layers experience spin currents with same (opposite) polarity. Next, experiments are carried out to obtain a well-designed Type-T magnetic multilayer. And the effective perpendicular magnetic field is confirmed through perpendicular field-driven perpendicular magnetization switching experiments. (3) Realization of voltage-controllable tunnel magnetoresistance in Fe4N magnetic tunnel junctions. High-quality Fe/MgAlOx/Fe/MgAlOx/Fe4N magnetic tunnel junctions are grown on a single crystal MgO(001) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy. And a bias-dependent tunnel magnetoresistance is experimentally obtained. Through an ab initio calculation, it is demonstrated that this effect is caused by the change of tunneling channels, which related to the band structure of Fe4N near the Fermi level. (4) Investigation on the influence of interfacial disorder on the amplitude of resonant oscillation in double-barrier quantum well magnetic tunnel junctions. Quantum well states formed in double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions enables coherent resonate tunneling of electrons, which could be utilized for achieving higher tunneling magnetoresistance ratio. We epitaxially fabricated a series of Fe/MgAlOx/Fe/MgAlOx/Fe DMTJs, and systematically investigated the oscillation amplitude dependence of the disorders introduced by inserted Co at the top and middle Fe/MgAlOx interfaces. It becomes clear that the oscillation amplitude remains stable when inserting Co out of the QW, while it can be greatly reduced by the chemical disorder introduced by Co insertion within the QW. And even be eliminated by the structural disorder introduced by Fe insertion within the QW
Malak, Rehan. "Contribution à l'ordre dominant de la polarisation hadronique du vide au moment magnétique anomal du muon en QCD sur réseau avec quatre saveurs de quarks à leur masse physique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4089.
Full textThe anomalous magnetic moments of leptons have played an important role in the development of the Standard Model of particle physics. Today, that of the muon is measured very precisely and will be so with even higher precision in an experiment that will begin in 2017. To the extent that the theoretical prediction can be made with comparable uncertainties, a rigorous test of the Standard Model will be possible. Here we study the limiting factor in this prediction, the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution (HVP-LO). We compute this contribution numerically with a discretized version of the theory of the strong interaction: lattice Quantum Chromodynamics. High-performance computing allows to solve the theory in its highly nonlinear regime, which is the one most relevant here. The simulation algorithms and the methods used to obtain the HVP, as well as the associated statistical and systematic uncertainties, are described. These methods are then applied to simulations performed with the Budapest-Marseille-Wuppertal collaboration. First they are implemented in a dedicated study of finite-volume effects. The most robust methods are then used to compute the HVP with simulations which include N_f=2+1+1 flavors of quarks. These are performed directly at the physical values of the u, d, s and c quark masses, with six lattice spacings and in large volumes of 6 fm^3. They allow us to compute the HVP-LO contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with controlled errors of around 3%
Bleu, Olivier. "Physics of quantum fluids in two-dimensional topological systems." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC044/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the description of both single-particle and bosonic quantum fluid Physics in topological systems. After introductory chapters on these subjects, I first discuss single-particle topological phenomena in honeycomb lattices. This allows to compare two theoretical models leading to quantum anomalous Hall effect for electrons and photons and to discuss the photonic quantum valley Hall effect at the interface between opposite staggered cavity lattices.In a second part, I present some phenomena which emerge due to the interplay of the linear topological effects with the presence of interacting bosonic quantum fluid described by mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. First, I show that the spin-anisotropic interactions lead to density-driven topological transitions for elementary excitations of a condensate loaded in the polariton quantum anomalous Hall model (thermal equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium quasi-resonant excitation configurations). Then, I show that the vortex excitations of a scalar condensate in a quantum valley Hall system, contrary to linear wavepackets, can exhibit a robust chiral propagation along the interface, with direction given by their winding in real space, leading to an analog of quantum spin Hall effect for these non-linear excitations. Finally, coming back to linear geometrical effects, I will focus on the anomalous Hall effect exhibited by an accelerated wavepacket in a two-band system. In this context, I present a non-adiabatic correction to the known semiclassical equations of motion which can be expressed in terms of the quantum geometric tensor elements. We also propose a protocol to directly measure the tensor components in radiative photonic systems