Journal articles: 'Anodized Aluminium Oxide Template (AAOT)'

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Zheng, Hong Mei, Yu Cheng Wu, Xin Min Huang, Jie Wu Cui, and Yan Wang. "Trial-Constructing a Novel Image of AAO Template." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.440.

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The Self-Organizing Anodic Aluminium Oxide(AAO) Template Is Widely Used to Construct the Nanomaterials. but the AAO Film Is Very Thin and Brittle, the AAO Templates Are Easily Been Destroied when Widening and Opening the Nanopores. the Nanorods/wires Constructed by this Template Likely Aggregate because of the High Activity of Nano-Surface at Short Range. this Paper Proposed a Novel Image of AAO Template in which Several Nanopores Combined Together to Form a Large Open Holes without Widening the Cells and Opening Barrier Layers. the Electronic Aluminium Foils with 99.99% Purity Is Anodized in Phosphoric Acid by Two-Steps, then Polarized under a Negative Voltage in the Kcl Solution. the Result of Experiment Demostrated the Possibility of the Formation Mechanism of this New Templates.

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Mahmud, Abdul Hadi, Anisah Shafiqah Habiballah, and A. M. M. Jani. "The Effect of Applied Voltage and Anodisation Time on Anodized Aluminum Oxide Nanostructures." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.103.

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The use of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is vastly being explored in recent years. The application includes molecular separation, sensing, energy storage and template synthesis for various nanostructures. The reason AAO is preferred was because of the ability to control the nanopore structure by manipulating some factors during the anodisation process. This study will investigate the exploitation of voltage and anodisation time during the anodisation process and the effect it has on the nanopore structure of the AAO by examining the structure under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The experiment was carried out by anodizing aluminum foil in 0.3 M oxalic acid as electrolyte under the constant temperature of 5 °C. The applied voltage was varied from 40, 60 and 100 V with different anodisation time. The outcome of this study demonstrates that applied voltage has a proportional relationship with the developed pore size. Increasing the applied voltage from 40 to 100 V had increased the pore size of the AAO from 38 nm to 186 nm, respectively. Aluminium oxide anodized at 60 V demonstrates pore size in the range of 76 nm. Prolong anodisation time had improved the pore morphology of anodized aluminium oxide in the case of 40 V, however, the pore wall starts to collapse when anodisation time is more than 4 minutes at 100 V.

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Kim, Cheong, and Soo-Gil Park. "The Study of Manufacturing the AAO Template and Fabrication of Carbon and Metal Oxide Nanofibers using AAO Template." Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering 49, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5695/jkise.2016.49.4.357.

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Massard, C., S. Pairis, V. Raspal, Y. Sibaud, and K. O. Awitor. "Fabrication of TiO2Nanotanks Embedded in a Nanoporous Alumina Template." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/452148.

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The feasibility of surface nanopatterning with TiO2nanotanks embedded in a nanoporous alumina template was investigated. Self-assembled anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) template, in conjunction with sol gel process, was used to fabricate this nanocomposite object. Through hydrolysis and condensation of the titanium alkoxide, an inorganic TiO2gel was moulded within the nanopore cavities of the alumina template. The nanocomposite object underwent two thermal treatments to stabilize and crystallize the TiO2. The morphology of the nanocomposite object was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The TiO2nanotanks obtained have cylindrical shapes and are approximately 69 nm in diameter with a tank-to-tank distance of 26 nm. X-ray diffraction analyses performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to investigate the TiO2structure. The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy.

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Esman, Natasha, and Jean-Paul Lellouche. "Fabrication of functional polypyrrole (PolyPyr)-nanotubes using anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) template membranes. Compromising between effectiveness and mildness of template dissolution conditions for a safe release of PolyPyr-nanotubes." Polym. Chem. 1, no. 2 (2010): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9py00206e.

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Ma, Di, Shubai Li, Longgui Xu, Xiuying Hu, Guohua Zhang, Chuanqi Jia, and Xinchao Yuan. "Fabrication of anodic alumina oxide templates in a mixture solution of 1,3-propanediol and H3PO4." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2015-1612.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the anodization of aluminum in a mixture solution of 1,3-propanediol solutions and 0.4 mol l−1 H3PO4 at a low temperature. Design/methodology/approach The morphology and composition of the resulting anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was characterized by means of a scanning electron microscope in combination with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Findings Pore density and pore diameter both were found to be dependent on the temperature of anodization. Originality/value The resulting AAO templates exhibited uniform and regular pores with diameters that were significantly smaller than those found in AAO templates anodized at room temperature.

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NOH, KUNBAE, KARLA S. BRAMMER, TAE-YEON SEONG, and SUNGHO JIN. "GUIDED NANOSTRUCTURES USING ANODIZED ALUMINUM OXIDE TEMPLATES." Nano 06, no. 06 (December 2011): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292011002883.

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In this paper, we review recent advances in nanotemplate fabrication using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO). In addition to self-ordered AAO nanoarrays, guided AAO self-assembly is of great interest since it can offer highly ordered, vertically aligned nanoporous templates which are suitable for various materials synthesis and alignment of nanosized structures. Moreover, structural modification of AAO nanoarrays by controlling fabrication process parameters are reviewed which can be applicable for advanced micro- and nanosystems. In this aspect, potential applications using AAO will be revealed in the aspects of self-ordered AAO, guided self-assembly of AAO, and biomedical and magnetic applications.

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Hekmat, F., B. Sohrabi, M. S. Rahmanifar, and M. R. Vaezi. "Supercapacitive properties of coiled carbon nanotubes directly grown on nickel nanowires." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 41 (2014): 17446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03022b.

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Xiang, Weizhong, Xiaoli Sun, Zhongjie Ren, Jianming Zhang, Huihui Li, and Shouke Yan. "Diameter and thermal treatment dependent structure and optical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanotubes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 32 (2017): 8315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00947j.

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Kim, Sang Min, Dae Jin Kim, and Sungho Park. "Nanospring electrochemical lithography (NEL): noble metal nanohelices." Chemical Communications 52, no. 75 (2016): 11255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05925b.

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Lee, Li-Chi, Han Han, Yu-Tang Tsai, Gang-Lun Fan, Hsiang-Fang Liu, Chung-Chih Wu, Jing-Jong Shyue, et al. "Template-assisted in situ polymerization for forming blue organic light-emitting nanotubes." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 60 (2014): 8208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc01877j.

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Garifullina, Ainash, and Amy Q. Shen. "High-throughput fabrication of high aspect ratio Ag/Al nanopillars for optical detection of biomarkers." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 42 (2021): 8851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb01556g.

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Garifullina, Ainash, and Amy Q. Shen. "High-throughput fabrication of high aspect ratio Ag/Al nanopillars for optical detection of biomarkers." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 42 (2021): 8851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb01556g.

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Yu, Dong Bo, Yi Feng, Yan Fang Zhu, Xue Bin Zhang, Bin Li, and Hui Qiang Liu. "WS₂ Nanotubes Prepared by Aluminum Oxide Template." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.370.

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Tungsten disulfide nanotubes were fabricated by means of decomposition of ammonium tetrathiotungstate ((NH4)2WS4) on anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The morphology and structures of WS2 nanotubes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction. The nanopores in template, the incorporation method and soakage time have function on the structure of WS2 nanotubes.

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Haider, Ali, Petro Deminskyi, Mehmet Yilmaz, Kholoud Elmabruk, Ibrahim Yilmaz, and Necmi Biyikli. "Long-range ordered vertical III-nitride nano-cylinder arrays via plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 24 (2018): 6471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01165f.

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In this work, we demonstrate vertical GaN, AlN, and InN hollow nano-cylindrical arrays (HNCs) grown on Si substrates using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane templated low-temperature plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (PA-ALD).

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Lim, Soon Hyuk, Nguyễn Hoàng Ly, Jung A. Lee, Ji Eun Kim, Se-Woong La, Vu Thi Huong, Thi-Giang Tran, et al. "Nanopatterned Polymer Molds Using Anodized Aluminum Templates for Anti-Reflective Coatings." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193333.

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This work introduces a facile geometry-controlled method for the fabrication of embossed and engraved polymeric moth-eye-inspired nanostructures in imprinting molds using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, resulting in a novel anti-reflective transparent coating. The moth-eye nanostructures are prepared directly on the surface of a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. As a prerequisite procedure, a UV-curable polyurethane acrylate resin is spun on the PET. The shape of the moth-eye nanostructures can then be adjusted by controlling the size and shape of the nanopores in the AAO templates. Both embossed and concaved polymer moth-eye nanostructures were successfully mounted on a PET substrate. Embossed polymer replica molds were prepared using the AAO master templates in combination with an imprinting process. As revealed by field-emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, conical nanopatterns in the AAO template with a diameter of ~90 nm and a depth of ~100 nm, create a homogeneous embossed morphology in the polymer moth-eye nanostructure. The polymeric molds with the depths of 300 and 500 nm revealed the amalgamated structures in their apexes. In addition, a dip-imprinting process of the polymeric layers was implemented to yield a concaved mold by assembly on the surface of the 100 nm embossed polymer mold substrate. Considering that the embossed structures may be crumbled due to their protuberant shapes, the concaved geometries can have an advantage of stability in a certain application concerning physical degradation along with a higher transmission by ~2%, despite somewhat nonuniform structure. The experimental and theoretical results of this study indicate that this polymer layer has the potential for use in anti-reflective coating applications in transparent films.

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Moghadam, Firouzeh Karimi, and Meysam Hamzehlooei. "Carbon Nanotubes for the Development of Glucose Biosensors Based on Gold Electrodeposition." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1157.

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Superscript text Subscript textOur study is to develop a general design of biosensors based on vertically aligned Carbon Nanotube (CNT) arrays. Glucose biosensor is selected as the model system to verify the design of biosensors. In the preliminary design, glucose oxidase (GOx) is attached to the walls of the porous alumina membrane by adsorption. Porous highly ordered anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) are used as templates. Deposited gold on both sides of template surfaces serve as a contact and prevent non-specific adhesion of GOx on the surface. In order to find out optimized thickness of gold coating, the redox reaction in([Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-system is monitored by CV. Subsequently, enzymatic redox reaction in glucose solutions is also attempted by CV. We expect protein layers with GOx from a conductive network. To take advantage of the attractive properties of CNTs, the design of enzyme electrodes is modified by attaching CNT onto the sidewalls of AAO template nanopores and then immobilizing GOx to the sidewalls and tips of CNTs. Cobalt is used as a catalyst to fabricate CNTs. As a result, MWCNTs are fabricated inside the AAO templates by CCVD.

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Qi, Zhang, Yong Joo Kim, and Wan In Lee. "Preparation of TiO₂ Nanorod Arrays by Electrophoretic Deposition of Titania Nanoparticles." Solid State Phenomena 119 (January 2007): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.67.

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The TiO2 nanorod arrays were fabricated by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the 4.5 and 7 nm-sized anatase titania nanoparticles using the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as the template. Each of the TiO2 nanoparticle was plus-charged by adjusting the pH of the electrolyte. The growth rate of TiO2 nanorod arrays with this new method was dramatically higher than that of the arrays obtained from the conventional EPD method employing sol-gel solutions. In addition, the robust anatase-phase TiO2 nanorod arrays were obtained without post-thermal treatment. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the titania nanoparticles were tightly interconnected to form the highly uniform and well-organized TiO2 nanorod arrays. The diameter of the TiO2 nanorod arrays was 55~58 nm with the length of 15 0m, which corresponded to the size of AAO templates.

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Calin, Gabriela, Geta Mitrea, Constantin Marcu, Alexandra Burlui, Roxana Trusca, Eugeniu Vasile, and Felicia Iacomi. "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cobalt Nanostructures in AAO Membranes." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 3444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7568.

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Metallic nanostructures have attracted the interest of researchers due to their fundamental importance and potential applications in nanodevices, sensors and catalysts. Co-AAO nanocomposites were obtained by using a sol-gel method that uses ultrasonic vibrations to induce the penetration of a colloidal solution through the pores of an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The AAO template, with the sol into its pores, was annealed at 648 K. The entire dip-anneal-dip�process was repeated three times. Finally, the metal nanostructures were formed by further annealing at 873 K in hydrogen atmosphere for 1 h. The morphology and structure of Co-AAO were investigated by using SEM, HRTEM, XRD and EPR methods.

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Longoni, Margherita, Maria Sole Zalaffi, Lavinia de Ferri, Angela Maria Stortini, Giulio Pojana, and Paolo Ugo. "Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy With Electrodeposited Copper Ultramicro-Wires With/Without Silver Nanostars Decoration." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020518.

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The electrochemical preparation of arrays of copper ultramicrowires (CuUWs) by using porous membranes as templates is critically revisited, with the goal of obtaining cheap but efficient substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The role of the materials used for the electrodeposition is examined, comparing membranes of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) vs. track-etched polycarbonate (PC) as well as copper vs. glassy carbon (GC) as electrode material. A voltammetric study performed on bare electrodes and potentiostatic tests on membrane coated electrodes allowed the optimization of the deposition parameters. The final arrays of CuUWs were obtained by chemical etching of the template, with NaOH for AAO and CH2Cl2 for PC. After total etching of the template, SERS spectra were recorded on CuUWs using benzenethiol as SERS probe with known spectral features. The CuUW substrates displayed good SERS properties, providing enhancement factor in the 103–104 range. Finally, it was demonstrated that higher Raman enhancement can be achieved when CuUWs are decorated with silver nanostars, supporting the formation of SERS active hot-spots at the bimetallic interface.

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Chang, Huey Ling, Chih Ming Chen, Chin Huang Sun, and Jin Shyong Lin. "Investigation of the Preparation of Anodized Nanoporous Alumina Array." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.766.

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This study produced a regularly arranged membrane, called anodic aluminum oxide (referred AAO), by mean of anodic oxidation treatment. The structure of AAO can be molecular self-assembly and its pore size is consistent. Also, the manufacturing process cost is low. These properties make the AAO be a nanotemplate material. This study further created a high quality of nanostructured film by electrochemical mould with the design of electrolyzer. In addition, a uniform nanothin film was grown on the aluminum surface in the stable control of current and temperature according to the conditions of different anode treatment. This film can form a nanopore array which the diameter can be controlled the size ranging from 15 nm to 400 nm. As results, the study can produce nanoporous template for various aperture by mean of anodic oxidation.

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PENG, XIAO-NIU, XIAN ZHANG, LIAO YU, and LI ZHOU. "PREPARATION AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OFNdVO4NANOTUBES IN AAO TEMPLATE." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 22 (August 30, 2009): 2647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490902076x.

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Porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template was combined with sol-gel method in this work for the fabrication of high-ordered NdVO4nanotube arrays. The diameter, length, and wall thickness of the nanotubes can be adjusted conveniently. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The results show that these uniformly distributed, high-ordered, and parallel nanotubes have great light emission in both the visible region and near-infrared region due to their corresponding energy level transitions. With this method, future application of rare-earth hollow nanostructures will be widely extended.

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Kashi, M. Almasi, and A. H. Montazer. "Template-based electrodeposited nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire arrays as building blocks of future nanoscale applications." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 23 (February 15, 2022): 233002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4d48.

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Abstract Realizing promising materials for use in next-generation devices at the nanoscale is of enormous importance from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Nonmagnetic and magnetic metal nanowire (NW) arrays fabricated by template-based electrodeposition techniques have long been considered as good candidates for this purpose. In this review, we focus on the fabrication techniques and characterizations of electrochemically deposited NWs with single, binary, ternary and multilayered component structures mostly carried out in our group. Particular attention is paid to the crystalline and magnetic characteristics (coercivity, squareness, magnetic phase, interactions and magnetization reversal modes) of NW arrays embedded in mild and hard anodized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with different pore diameters. The pulsed alternating current electrodeposition technique is proposed as a versatile approach in high-efficiency filling of the AAO templates, while also allowing for tuning magnetic properties of the resultant NWs. The first-order reversal curve analysis is also highlighted as an advanced characterization tool for nanomagnet arrays. Finally, potential cutting-edge nanoscale applications (magnetic information storage, energy storage and conversion, electronics, biosensing, microwave absorption and giant magnetoresistance) of magnetic NWs are presented.

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Mijangos, Carmen, and Jaime Martin. "Polymerization within Nanoporous Anodized Alumina Oxide Templates (AAO): A Critical Survey." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030525.

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In the last few years, the polymerization of monomers within the nanocavities of porous materials has been thoroughly studied and developed, allowing for the synthesis of polymers with tailored morphologies, chemical architectures and functionalities. This is thus a subject of paramount scientific and technological relevance, which, however, has not previously been analyzed from a general perspective. The present overview reports the state of the art on polymerization reactions in spatial confinement within porous materials, focusing on the use of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. It includes the description of the AAO templates used as nanoreactors. The polymerization reactions are categorized based on the polymerization mechanism. Amongst others, this includes electrochemical polymerization, free radical polymerization, step polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For each polymerization mechanism, a further subdivision is made based on the nature of the monomer used. Other aspects of “in situ” polymerization reactions in restricted AAO geometries include: conversion monitoring, kinetic studies, modeling and polymer characterization. In addition to the description of the polymerization process itself, the use of polymer materials derived from polymerization in AAO templates in nanotechnology applications, is also highlighted. Finally, the review is concluded with a general discussion outlining the challenges that remain in the field.

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Blaszczyk-Lezak, I., V. Desmaret, and C. Mijangos. "Electrically conducting polymer nanostructures confined in anodized aluminum oxide templates (AAO)." Express Polymer Letters 10, no. 3 (2016): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.24.

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Sharma, Anagdha, Sivanandam Aravindan, and Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao. "AAO Mould for Fabricating Anti-Reflective Polymer Nanopillar Array on Large Area." Key Engineering Materials 931 (September 9, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-120pst.

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Anti-reflective polystyrene nanopillar arrays were fabricated by the process of hot embossing where it utilizes the nickel coated anodised aluminium oxide template. Electroless plating being a catalytic method of plating uniformly coats the membrane which increases its strength. The supporting layer of nickel makes AAO template suitable to be used as a mould multiple times. Highly conformal nanopillars of average diameter 400nm and length 30 μm to 50μm were fabricated on the area of ⁓5cm2. Hot embossing process ensures repeatability with precision and high throughput. The enhanced light entrapping is attributed to the multiple internal reflection in the nanopillars of high aspect ratio.

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Pan, Rong Jun, and Zheng Lin Li. "Synthesis of Fe₃O₄ Nanotubes under Assistance of Microwave by Tuning Chemical Deposition Mechanism and its Magnetic Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.258.

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To overcome the overcoming of agglomeration and reclamation of nanoparticulate materials, it is imperative to synthesize nanosized materials with other morphologies. Fe3O4nanotubes were synthesized by using anodized aluminum oxide as template under microwave assistance by tuning the deposition mechanism in this work. The obtained nanotubes were characterized by the means of XRD and SEM. Its magnetic property was also investigated. Results show that tubes are of the spinel structure, a layer of about 30 nm Fe3O4was deposited attaching to the AAO wall, and the nanotubes possess good magnetic performance.

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Wang, Jau-Kai, Jir-Ming Char, and Pei-Jung Lien. "Optimization Study on Supercritical Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanowire Arrays Using AAO Template." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (December 18, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/610510.

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Highly ordered and nanometer-scaled nickel wire arrays were successfully prepared by supercritical electrodeposition method using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The results show that the well-ordered and free-standing nickel nanowire arrays can be constructed uniformly on a titanium-coated silicon wafer after removing the AAO template. The diameter and length of the nickel nanowire in the arrays can be obtained, about 100 nm and 10 um, respectively. Based on Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a regression model was built by fitting the experimental results with a polynomial equation. The current density, pressure, and temperature are critical important factors of the growth mechanism of deposited nanowires. The optimal length of nanowires, 10.03 μm, can be achieved at the following conditions: current density 0.23 A/cm2, pressure 107 bar, and temperature 53°C.

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Maleki, K., S. Sanjabi, and Z. Alemipour. "AC electrodeposition of NiMn alloy nanowires in AAO template." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 31 (December 2015): 1550224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215502240.

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The ordered ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic [Formula: see text] alloy nanowires were fabricated successfully by alternating current (AC) electrodeposition into nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO). The NiMn alloy nanowires were deposited in a simple sulfate bath. Effect of bath composition on Mn content of electrodeposited nanowires as well as the thermal annealing effect on magnetic properties were explored. The magnetic properties of NiMn alloy nanowires were enhanced significantly, compared to corresponding bulk materials. Magnetic parameters, such as coercivity and saturation magnetization were decreased with increasing the Mn content. For thermal annealing process, it was found that these parameters were enhanced with increasing the temperature up to 300[Formula: see text]C, on the other hand, they were decreased with increasing the temperature to 500[Formula: see text]C. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the FCC crystalline structure of Ni turns to an amorphous phase by increasing the Mn content in the nanowires, resulting in a significant reduction in the [Formula: see text].

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Sidra Khalid and Zaheer Hussain Shah. "The Effect of Magnetic Field on Electro-deposition of Nickel and Cobalt Nanowires." Scientific Inquiry and Review 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.31.02.

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Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nano-porous template is fabricated and nickel (Ni) nanowires are synthesized in the nano pores of AAO template by AC electro-deposition technique in the presence and absence of magnetic field applying only in a direction parallel to nanowire axis. Cobalt (Co) nanowires are fabricated by applying magnetic field externally both in perpendicular and parallel directions to the axis of nanowires. Magnetic field can bring change in the preferential grain growth of Ni and Co nanowires. Magnetic field applied parallel to nanowire axis increases deposition rate and current density due to magneto hydrodynamic effect, while magnetic field applied in perpendicular to the surface of electrode does not bring significant change in the chemical reaction. Magnetic properties are also affected by applying external magnetic field during deposition. These changes associated with grain growth in the preferred direction of Ni and Co nanowires are discussed in this article.

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LEE, KI-RIM, and YOUNG-UK KWON. "HARD TEMPLATES FOR FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED FILMS." Nano 05, no. 02 (April 2010): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292010001950.

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In this paper, we review on classes of materials that can be used as hard templates to fabricate nanostructured thin film materials. The hard templates discussed are anodized aluminum oxide (AAO), block copolymer (BC) self-assembly films, and mesoporous thin films (MTFs), with emphasis on MTFs since it has not been reviewed for the application as templates while the first two materials have been reviewed previously by others. Each one of the three classes of templates has advantages and drawbacks. Considering the pore dimensions available by each one of them, the three templates are complementary to one another. Some of the features of MTFs appear to be advantageous over the other types of templates. All and all, these three appear to have complementing features to cover the various aspects required for templates to synthesize nanostructured thin films.

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Poyner, Mark A., Indumini Jayasekara, and Dale Teeters. "Fabrication of a Novel Nanostructured SnO2/LiCoO2 Lithium-Ion Cell." MRS Advances 1, no. 45 (2016): 3075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.537.

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ABSTRACTIncorporating nanotechnology processes and techniques to Li ion batteries has helped to improve the cycling capabilities and overall performance of several lithium ion battery chemistries. Nanostructuring a lithium ion battery’s anode and cathode, allows for extremely high surface area electrodes to be produced and utilized in many of these battery systems. Using a nanoporous Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) membrane with nanopores of 200nm in diameter as a template, high surface area nanostructured electrode materials can be synthesized and utilized in a lithium ion cell. Through the use of RF magnetron sputter coating, these nanoporous AAO templates can be sputter coated with a thin film of active anode or cathode materials. The anode and cathode material in this research are SnO2 and LiCoO2, respectively. Nanostructured SnO2 has been investigated as an alternative high capacity anode to replace the more commonly used carbon based anodes of current lithium ion batteries. A novel nanostructured SnO2/LiCoO2 cell can be fabricated in a liquid electrolyte. The galvanostatic cell cycling performance will be discussed. Nanostructuring both electrode materials as well as the electrolyte can lead to a novel all-solid-state Li ion battery. Nanostructured SnO2 anode and LiCoO2 electrodes have been generated along with a polyethylene-oxide (PEO) based electrolyte nanoconfined in an AAO membrane, to generate a functioning nanostructured all-solid-state cell. The cell was investigated using AC impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic cell cycling. The cycling results of both SnO2/LiCoO2 cell systems will be discussed.

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Han, Catherine Y., Zhi-Li Xiao, H. Hau Wang, Xiao-Min Lin, Susana Trasobares, and Russell E. Cook. "Facile Synthesis of Highly Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes from Polymer Precursors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/562376.

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We report a facile one-step approach which involves no flammable gas, no catalyst, and no in situ polymerization for the preparation of well-aligned carbon nanotube array. A polymer precursor is placed on top of an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane containing regular nanopore arrays, and slow heating under Ar flow allows the molten polymer to wet the template through adhesive force. The polymer spread into the nanopores of the template to form polymer nanotubes. Upon carbonization the resulting multi-walled carbon nanotubes duplicate the nanopores morphology precisely. The process is demonstrated for 230, 50, and 20 nm pore membranes. The synthesized carbon nanotubes are characterized with scanning/transmission electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy, and resistive measurements. Convenient functionalization of the nanotubes with this method is demonstrated through premixing CoPt nanoparticles in the polymer precursors.

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Choi, Soon Mee, Jiung Cho, Young Keun Kim, and Cheol Jin Kim. "TEM Analysis of Multilayered Co/Cu Nanowire Synthesized by DC Electrodeposition." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1233.

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As-received multilayered Co/Cu nanowire arrays were examined by TEM, which were synthesized by pulsed DC electrodeposition using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The multilayered Co/Cu nanowire exhibited magnetism in the perpendicular direction to the long wire axis. These nanowire can be applied to sensor array, magnetic bead(biocompatible), MRI contrast enhancing agent, ferro-fluid. Although the characterization of the multilayered Co/Cu nanowire using XRD and VSM and microstructural analysis using TEM on the bare nanowires extracted from AAO templates have been reported, interface analysis between Co and Cu phase or HREM analysis has not been reported in detail. We have prepared TEM specimen with large thin area which was appropriate for the interface analysis between Co and Cu layer without removing AAO templates using tripod polishing method. Tripod polishing proved very efficient to secure the large observable area during TEM session since the polishing angle can be precisely controlled, regardless of the mechanical strength differences in constituents. Thus we could observe not only the interface between Co and Cu layer but also the interface between the metallic layers and AAO templates. Microstructure, composition, and the concentration variation of each Co and Cu layer and the interfaces were analyzed with TEM and STEM.

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KHALID, SIDRA, REHANA SHARIF, and ZAHEER HUSSAIN SHAH. "TAILORING OF MAGNETIC EASY AXIS OF NICKEL NANOWIRES BY VARYING DIAMETER." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 04 (June 15, 2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x16500244.

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Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with an average diameter of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm are synthesized by two-step anodization. Nickel nanowires are fabricated by AC electro deposition with less microstructure defects at low voltage in AAO templates. Magnetic properties of compact nickel (Ni) nanowires show that easy axis is parallel to nanowire axis for diameter [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm while by varying diameter from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, easy axis shifts to perpendicular direction of nanowire axis. This shifting of magnetic easy axis from parallel to perpendicular direction is mainly due to shape anisotropy and interactive fields between the wires. The competition between shape anisotropy (due to individual wire) and interactive fields by varying diameter of nanowires could result in tailoring of the direction of magnetic easy axis of nanowires.

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Liu, Piao, Vijay P. Singh, Suresh Rajaputra, Sovannary Phok, and Zhi Chen. "Characteristics of copper indium diselenide nanowires embedded in porous alumina templates." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 2 (February 2010): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0030.

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Vertically aligned nanowire arrays of copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2 or CIS) of controllable diameter and length were fabricated by simultaneously electrodepositing Cu, In, and Se from an acid bath into the pores of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) formed on top of an aluminum sheet. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed a preferential [112] orientation and the energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) measurements indicated an overall composition close to stoichiometric CuInSe2. Ohmic contact to CIS was formed by depositing a 100 nm thick of gold layer on top, and thus a Schottky diode device of the Au/CIS nanowires/Al configuration was obtained. Analysis of the current–voltage characteristics of these devices yielded diode ideality factor and reverse saturate current density values slightly higher than those reported in the literature for bulk CIS/Al junctions. Capacitance–voltage measurements were performed on the diodes to get the estimates of space charge density and the junction potential.

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Foong, Thelese R. B., Alan Sellinger, and Xiao Hu. "Origin of the Bottlenecks in Preparing Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Templates on ITO Glass." ACS Nano 2, no. 11 (October 31, 2008): 2250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn800435n.

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Cho, Sang-Geun, Bongyoung Yoo, Ki Hyeon Kim, and Jongryoul Kim. "Magnetic and Microwave Properties of NiFe Nanowires Embedded in Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Templates." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 2 (February 2010): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2033355.

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Kamimura, Himeyo, Masamitsu Hayashida, and Takeshi Ohgai. "CPP-GMR Performance of Electrochemically Synthesized Co/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Arrays with Extremely Large Aspect Ratio." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010005.

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Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) films, which have numerous nanochannels ca. 75 nm in diameter, D and ca. 70 µm in length, L (ca. 933 in aspect ratio, L/D), were used as a template material for growing Co/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays. The multilayered nanowires with alternating Cu layer and Co layers were synthesized by using an electrochemical pulsed-potential deposition technique. The thickness of the Cu layer was adjusted from ca. 2 to 4 nm while that of the Co layer was regulated from ca. 13 to 51 nm by controlling the pulsed potential parameters. To get a Co/Cu multilayered nanowire in an electrochemical in-situ contact with a sputter-deposited Au thin layer, the pulsed potential deposition was continued up to ca. 5000 cycles until the nanowire reached out toward the surface of AAO template. Current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) effect reached up to ca. 23.5% at room temperature in Co/Cu multilayered nanowires with ca. 3500 Co/Cu bilayers (Cu: 1.4 nm and Co: 18.8 nm). When decreasing the thickness of Co layer, the CPP-GMR value increased due to the Valet–Fert model in the long spin diffusion limit.

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Masdar, Non Daina, Abdul Hadi Mahmud, Mohd Tajudin Mohd Ali, Syarifah Nursyimi Azlina Syed Ismail, Ruziyati Tajuddin, Norashikin Saim, and Abd Mutalib Md Jani. "Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Polydimethylsiloxane Nanomembrane for Chiral Separation." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.231.

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Polydimethylsiloxane-2-[2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-propionylamino] -3-phenyl-propanoic acid (PDMS-BCPA) is a newly developed stereo-specific membrane that interacts with S configuration of enantiomers as chiral recognition sites. In this study, realization of PDMS-BCPA nanomembrane was achieved via anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template synthesis approach followed by the attachment of synthesized chiral selector (BCPA) using simple immersion method. The effect of surface modification and the attachment with chiral selector were investigated and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) methods. The characterization via these methods indicates the synthesized BCPA as chiral selector was successfully attached onto the PDMS surface. The enantioselectivity of PDMS-BCPA nanomembrane was verified by the separation of alpha cypermethrin enantiomer.

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Xia, Tian Yu, Li Sheng Zhang, Pei Jie Wang, and Yan Fang. "Synthesis of Highly Ordered Silver Nanowire Arrays with SERS Activity." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.368.

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The highly ordered silver nanowire arrays were fabricated successfully by an easily produced and handled approach with the assistance of nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide(AAO) template. The silver nanowires with uniform diameters are highly ordered and parallel to each other. A broad UV-visible absorption band with a center at 401nm of silver nanowire arrays were detected. Optimized surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) signals of crystal violet molecules(CV) were recorded. It was found that the substrate exhibits strong enhancement properties due to the surface plasma resonance(SPR) of highly ordered silver nanowire arrays. The enhancement factor was calculated as 3.5×106. In addition, the results offered a simple technique in preparing highly ordered nanowire arrays which can be used as negative-refractive-index material as well as excellent SERS substrate.

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Zhao, S., L. Clime, K. Chan, F. Normandin, H. Roberge, A. Yelon, R. W. Cochrane, and T. Veres. "Statistical Study of Effective Anisotropy Field in Ordered Ferromagnetic Nanowire Arrays." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18039.

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Soft ferromagnetic nanowire arrays were obtained by electrodeposition of Co–Fe–P alloy into the pores of high quality home-made anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Bath acidity and current density were the two parameters used in order to tailor the orientation of local anisotropy axes in individual nanowires. In order to quantify the influence of the induced anisotropies on the magnetization processes in individual nanowires, the in-plane magnetization loops of the arrays are modeled as log-normal distributions of Stoner-Wohlfarth transverse magnetization processes. Using the lognormal mean parameter as an approximation for the saturation applied field of the array, we compute the effective anisotropy of the nanowires, which is found to increase with the pH of the electrodeposition bath.

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Kuo, Chin-Guo, Yuan-Tai Hsieh, Cheng-Fu Yang, Ching-Ho Huang, and Chia-Ying Yen. "Growth of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates and the Application in Fabrication of the BiSbTe-Based Thermoelectric Nanowires." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/978184.

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A two-step electrochemical anodization was used to form the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) thin films with nanotube arrays of self-organized honeycomb structure. Al foil was anodized in 10% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 3% oxalic acid (H2C2O4) at 25°C at constant voltage of 40 V for 60 min for two times. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) was used as a solution and 0.3 M potassium iodide (KI) was used to improve the solution’s conductivity. Different electrolyte concentrations of Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, SbCl3, and TeCl4were added into KI-C2H6O2solution and the cyclic voltammetry experiment was used to find the reduced voltages of Bi3+, Sb3+, and Te4+ions. The potentiostatic deposition and pulse electrodeposition (PED) processes were used to deposit the (Bi,Sb)2−xTe3+x-based materials. Field-emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometers were used to analyze the compositions of the deposited (Bi,Sb)2−xTe3+x-based materials. After finding the optimal deposition parameter of the PED process the AAO nanotube arrays were used as the templates to deposit the (Bi,Sb)2−xTe3+x-based thermoelectric nanowires.

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SHAMAILA, S., M. HASSAN, R. SHARIF, and A. SALMAN. "EFFECT OF EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD ON STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED Co–Fe NANOWIRES." Surface Review and Letters 28, no. 09 (May 6, 2021): 2150071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x21500712.

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CoFe nanowires were successfully synthesized in nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template by employing DC electrodeposition process. These nanowires have been electrodeposited in the presence of external magnetic field applied parallel ([Formula: see text] to the axis of nanowires. The effects of externally applied magnetic field on magnetic and structural properties of CoFe nanowires were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify crystal structure of the samples. The XRD pattern indicates polycrystalline nature of Cobalt iron nanowires with Body Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed the uniform growth of nanowires inside the template. To explore the magnetic properties of Cobalt iron nanowires, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was employed. It was revealed that for nanowires electrodeposited with external magnetic field, easy axis of magnetization is found parallel ([Formula: see text] to the nanowire axis with large variation in anisotropic magnetization. Whereas for nanowires electrodeposited without external magnetic, easy axis of magnetization is perpendicular ([Formula: see text] to nanowires axis with small variation in anisotropic magnetization.

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Rana, Kuldeep, Anjan Sil, and Subrata Ray. "Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes by Using Catalyst LiNi_0.5Co_0.5O₂ on Anodized Alumina Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 67 (April 2009): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.67.197.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized by chemical decomposition of acetylene gas at 580°C and 650°C using catalyst of LiNi0.5Co0.5O2. The effect of decomposition temperature on structure of the CNTs is that, CNTs grown at 650°C have lower defects concentration and higher crystallinity as compared to that grown at 580°C. The porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template (as substrate), catalyst particles and the CNTs grown were analyzed by FE-SEM. The pore diameter in the template lies in range of 30 - 80 nm. The CNTs have been analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The up-shift in G-band of graphitic sheet and larger full width at half maximum of the peak in the Raman spectra of the CNT in comparison to those observed for graphite are indicative of the structural modification. XRD results also indicate the structural modification in CNT based on the fact that d-value becomes 3.42 Å, which is larger than 3.35 Å for graphite. The tube diameters lie in the range of 12 - 50 nm.

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DEULKAR, SUNDEEP H., HWEI-JANG YO, and JOW-LAY HUANG. "TEM-BASED INVESTIGATIONS ON CVD-ASSISTED GROWTH OF ZnO NANOWIRES INSIDE NANOCHANNELS OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM OXIDE TEMPLATE." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 03 (June 2010): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006600.

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The role of Chemical Vapor Deposition's (CVD) temperature and time duration on the mass transport properties and repercussions of these properties on the crystalline growth of ZnO nanowires inside Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nanotubes (aspect ratio = 1500) have been investigated. CVD assisted growth of nanowires in AAO nanochannels was carried out for 27 min at deposition temperature of 813 K (A1) and for 180 min at 903 K (A2) under identical gas flow rates ( Ar : 23 sccm and O2 : 0.45 sccm) under a chamber pressure of 4.45 torr. Electron diffraction patterns (SAED) of the ZnO diffused inside A1 nanotube (exposed in Focused Ion Beam milled cross-sections) showed a ringed pattern, signifying polycrystalline morphology at the tip as well as the channel bottom. For A2, a single crystal formation at least in the tip region was confirmed by the SAED pattern while the corresponding High Resolution TEM image (HRTEM) revealed a lattice spacing of 0.24 nm corresponding to the (1 0 1) growth direction of zincite (JCPDS-36-1451). Chemical composition of the nanowires, reflected the inherent stoichiometry of preferentially nucleated ZnO in the grooved orifices of individual nanopores. Data points of normalised values of the Zn concentration (TEM-EDS line scan) versus penetration depth (~ 0.6 μm), were empirically fitted with solutions of modified Fickian diffusion equation in 1-D. The Diffusion coefficient values of the order of 0.06 nm2 s-1 and 0.22 nm2 s-1 were obtained for ZnO flow inside nanochannels of A1 and A2, respectively. Observed variations, in diffusivity and relative density, have been explained qualitatively by considering the transport of ZnO inside the nanochannels as arising from superposition of the temperature dependent contributions of the convectional viscous creep and surface diffusion components.

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Jin, Shanhua, Yuwon Lee, Seung-Min Jeon, Byeong-Hyeok Sohn, Weon-Sik Chae, and Jin-Kyu Lee. "Simple fabrication of single- and multi-layer polymer nanotubes by spin-casting method within anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 44 (2012): 23368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm34726a.

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48

Dass, Ghanshyam, Anil Kumar, and Manoj Kumar Kushwaha. "Renovate Tribological Properties of Nanostructured Alumina Templates by Diverse Electrolytes." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2619.

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Friction and wear properties of NAAO templates were calculated in affinity to pore dimensions and applied load. Homogeneously uniformly decorative synthesized by anodization of nanoporous aluminium oxide films having 65–95 μm thick and pores of 143.5, 105, 84.4 nm diameter. A tribological competency of the material checked out with loads and 250 rpm on the pin on a dry wear disc. The anodized NAAO sample has wear resistance increased by 25% as compared to the non-anodized sample. The pore density little bit impressed the frictional characters of NAAO template. We counsel that these course templates basically contribute to the reduction of friction distrait the pore structure by proving energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

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Poduri, Shripriya, Mitra Dutta, and Michael Stroscio. "Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) Nanowires for Polarization Studies." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n6p26.

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In this paper, the polarizing properties for CdS nanowire arrays were explored for their potential use in the design of nanowire based polarizers and optical switches. These free standing cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanowires were grown in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template via dc electrodeposition. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were investigated for parallel and perpendicular polarization with two orientations of the sample having light propagating parallel to the nanowire axis in one orientation and light propagating perpendicular to the nanowire axis in other orientation. Polarization-sensitive measurements show strong polarization anisotropy in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity measurements observed in parallel and perpendicular orientation to the long axis of a nanowire. The measured PL ratio, ρ, for parallel to perpendicular orientation was around 0.80- 0.85 which shows strong polarization anisotropy for the grown CdS nanowires. Strong peaks of A1 (TO) at 235 cm-1, E2 mode at 255 cm-1 along with 1 LO (longitudinal optical) at 303 cm-1, 2 LO peak at 604 cm-1 of the CdS nanowires were seen with different polarizations for Raman spectral studies. These polarization studies show that these dc electrodeposited grown CdS nanowire arrays are well suited for uses in polarization-based nanoscale devices such as in optical switches, and high performance photodetectors.

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Kushwaha, M. K., Anjan Sil, and S. Ray. "Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber Embedded Nanoporous Anodized Aluminium Oxide Surface and Its Tribological Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 4152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an01.

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Nanoporous alumina has been prepared by anodization of pure aluminium using phosphoric acid electrolyte. Carbon nanotubes/nanofibres (CNTs/CNFs) are grown within the pores by chemical vapour deposition technique, using acetylene gas as carbon precursor. Such synthesis of nanostructured carbonaceous materials within the nanoporous oxide template has high potential for many applications (e.g., electronics, magnetic, etc.) in nanotechnology. Possibility of using such material combination for engineering systems where abrasion resistance coupled with self-lubrication (at comparatively higher loads) are the key requirements, has been explored through the present work. Pore structure has been characterized by SEM/FE-SEM in this study and CNTs/CNFs have been examined by TEM, FE-SEM and Raman spectroscopy. While the pore diameters are found to lie in the range of 180–220 nm, the CNTs/CNFs diameter are observed to be in the range of 50 to 220 nm. The CNTs/CNFs growing from bottom of the pores are found to replicate the pore diameter, while those grown above the surface are varying significantly in diameter and probably matching the diameter of the catalyst, which remains adsorbed on the top surface and inner walls of the pores. On comparing friction and wear properties of both materials (viz. anodized alumina and CNTs/CNFs embedded anodized alumina) as determined by pin-on–disc machine using hardened steel disc as counterface, it is found that wear rate and coefficient of friction of CNTs embedded composite surface is significantly lower which is attributed to formation of transfer layer of hard wear resistant alumina mechanically mixed with graphitic CNTs/CNFs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Anodized Aluminium Oxide Template (AAOT)'

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