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Journal articles on the topic 'Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Sumtong, Peerawith, Apiluck Eiad-Ua, and Khattiya Chalapat. "Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Thin Film Fabrication with Low-Grade Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 872 (September 2016): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.872.152.

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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is well known for its nanoscopic structures and its applications in microfluidics, sensors and nanoelectronics. The pore density, the pore diameter, and the interpore distance of an AAO substrate can be controlled by varying anodization process conditions. In this research, the self-organized two-step anodization is carried out with a low-grade (Al6061) aluminium substrate using a 40V voltage at the temperature of 2 to 5 °C. Three experiments are done with the anodization time of 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The structural features of AAO are characterized by a field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM). The data from FE-SEM show that the average pore diameter increases with the anodization time, and that the Al6061 aluminium substrate can be used to fabricate a nanoporous AAO film with an average pore diameter smaller than 17 nanometers.

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2

He, Ji Yan, Jian Dan Ren, and Yan Bin He. "Fabricating Anodic Aluminum Oxide by Anodic-Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5522.

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Uniform parallel pores and controllable pore diameter make Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) membrane one of the best materials in synthesis of one-dimensional nano-structured material. High orderly AAO template was prepared by anodic-oxidation. The prepared AAO membrane’s apertures ranged from 30 nm to 75 nm. Within a few microns, holes were orderly arranged. The fabricating methods of AAO template in different electrolyte were studied and the factors which affect the pore distribution, such as electrolyte types, voltage and concentration were discussed.

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3

Carneiro, J. O., F. Machado, M. Pereira, V. Teixeira, M. F. Costa, Artur Ribeiro, Artur Cavaco-Paulo, and A. P. Samantilleke. "The influence of the morphological characteristics of nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) structures on capacitive touch sensor performance: a biological application." RSC Advances 8, no. 65 (2018): 37254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07490a.

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4

Lu, Pei Hsuan Doris, Alison Lennon, and Stuart Wenham. "Laser-Doping through Anodic Aluminium Oxide Layers for Silicon Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/870839.

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This paper demonstrates that silicon can be locally doped with aluminium to form localised p+surface regions by laser-doping through anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) layers formed on the silicon surface. The resulting p+regions can extend more than 10 μm into the silicon and the electrically active p-type dopant concentration exceeds 1020 cm−3for the first 6-7 μm of the formed p+region. Anodic aluminium oxide layers can be doped with other impurities, such as boron and phosphorus, by anodising in electrolytes containing the extrinsic impurities in ionic form. The ions become trapped in the formed anodic oxide during anodisation, therefore enabling the impurity to be introduced into the silicon, with aluminium, during laser-doping. This codoping process can be used to create very heavily doped surface layers which can reduce contact resistance on metallisation, whilst the deeper doping achieved by the intrinsic aluminium may act to shield the surface from minority carriers. laser-doping through AAO layers can be performed without introducing any voids in the silicon or fumes which may be harmful to human health.

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5

Brüggemann, Dorothea. "Nanoporous Aluminium Oxide Membranes as Cell Interfaces." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/460870.

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Nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) has become increasingly important in biomedical applications over the past years due to its biocompatibility, increased surface area, and the possibility to tailor this nanomaterial with a wide range of surface modifications. AAO nanopores are formed in an inexpensive anodisation process of pure aluminium, which results in the self-assembly of highly ordered, vertical nanochannels with well-controllable pore diameters, depths, and interpore distances. Because of these outstanding properties AAO nanopores have become excellent candidates as nanostructured substrates for cell-interface studies. In this comprehensive review previous surveys on cell adhesion and proliferation on different AAO nanopore geometries and surface modifications are highlighted and summarised tabularly. Future applications of nanoporous alumina membranes in biotechnology and medicine are also outlined, for instance, the use of nanoporous AAO as implant modifications, coculture substrates, or immunoisolation devices.

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6

Wu, Yu Cheng, Jie Wu Cui, Yan Wang, Guang Qing Xu, and Xin Yi Zhang. "Effects of Pretreatment and the First Anodization Time on Morphology of Anodic Aluminium Oxide Templates." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.707.

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Anodic aluminium oxide(AAO) templates were fabricated by a two-step anodization method utilizing high purity aluminium sheets. On the basis of getting the optimum preparation parameters of AAO templates, effects of the pretreatment and the first anodization time on morphology of AAO templates were studied. Field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM) was used to investigate surface morphology of AAO templates. The SEM images indicated that both pretreatment and the first anodization time had a significant influence on morphology of AAO templates. Meanwhile,effect mechanism of pretreatment and the first anodization time on AAO templates morphology was elucidated.

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7

Li, Yi, Yuyan Qin, Zhiyuan Ling, Xing Hu, and Yanhua Shen. "Unique AAO films with adjustable hierarchical microstructures." RSC Advances 5, no. 1 (2015): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13076f.

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8

Juyana, A. Wahab, and Mohd Nazree Derman. "Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Film on Aluminium Templates Formed in Anodizing Process." Advanced Materials Research 173 (December 2010): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.173.55.

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A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.

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9

Zhang, Junxi, Huaping Zhao, Ming Gong, Lide Zhang, Zhijun Yan, Kang Xie, Guangtao Fei, et al. "Revealing the truncated conical geometry of nanochannels in anodic aluminium oxide membranes." Nanoscale 14, no. 14 (2022): 5356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nr01006b.

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10

Watcharenwong, Apichon, Narudon Saijaioup, Yotsapon Bailuang, and Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul. "Morphology and Wettability of Nanoporous Aluminium Oxide Film Prepared by Anodization." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.174.

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Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) is a well-known material for nanofabrication. To obtain highly ordered nanoporous array, there is anodization process. AAO were fabricated by anodization method utilizing high purity aluminium foil as the substrate. The substrate was degreased with ultrasonic cleaner for 15 minutes. Then the substrate was anodized in an electrolyte of 0.3 M oxalic acid with various potentials: 10, 20, 30, and 40 V and various durations: 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes at room temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to investigate surface morphology of nanoporous aluminium oxide film. The wettability of nanoporous aluminium oxide surface was estimated by measuring water contact angle (WCA) of water droplets on the nanoporous aluminium oxide surface. The FE-SEM images showed that the pore size was in the range of 12 - 81 nm. This result can indicated that nanopore size of AAO film increased with the increasing of anodization potentials and anodization time. The water contact angle of AAO samples were approximately 90.55 - 44.33 degrees. The result of measurement proved that super hydrophilic surface obtained with the increasing of nanopore size and high porosity of AAO.

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11

Ahn, Yong-keon, Junwoo Park, Dalwoo Shin, Sanghun Cho, Si Yun Park, Hyunjin Kim, Yuanzhe Piao, Jeeyoung Yoo, and Youn Sang Kim. "Enhanced electrochemical capabilities of lithium ion batteries by structurally ideal AAO separator." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 20 (2015): 10715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01892g.

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Nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) enables the direct utilization of lithium metal as an ideal anode, owing to a uniform current distribution. The electrochemical performance of the AAO separator is superior to commercial polypropylene, in terms of ionic conductivity, discharge capacity, and capacity fading.

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12

Hu, Naiping, Xuecheng Dong, Xueying He, Sandip Argekar, Yan Zhang, James F. Browning, and Dale W. Schaefer. "Interfacial morphology of low-voltage anodic aluminium oxide." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 5 (August 24, 2013): 1386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813018219.

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X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and neutron reflectivity (NR), as well as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), are used to examine the in-plane and surface-normal structure of anodic films formed on aluminium alloy AA2024 and pure aluminium. Aluminium and alloy films up to 3500 Å thick were deposited on Si wafers by electron beam evaporation of ingots. Porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films are formed by polarizing at constant voltage up to 20 V noble to the open circuit potential. The voltage sweet spot (5 V) appropriate for constant-voltage anodization of such thin films was determined for both alloy and pure Al. In addition, a new concurrent voltage- and current-control protocol was developed to prepare films with larger pores (voltages higher than 5 V), but formed at a controlled current so that pore growth is slow enough to avoid stripping the aluminium substrate layer. USAXS shows that the pore size and interpore spacing are fixed in the first 10 s after initiation of anodization. Pores then grow linearly in time, at constant radius and interpore spacing. Using a combination of XRR and NR, the film density and degree of hydration of the films were determined from the ratio of scattering length densities. Assuming a chemical formula Al2O3·xH2O, it was found thatxvaries from 0.29 for the native oxide to 1.29 for AAO grown at 20 V under concurrent voltage and current control. The average AAO film density of the porous film at the air surface is 2.45 (20) g cm−3. The density of the `barrier' layer at the metal interface is 2.9 (4) g cm−3, which indicates that this layer is also quite porous.

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13

Cui, Jie Wu, Yu Cheng Wu, Yan Wang, Hong Mei Zheng, Guang Qing Xu, and Xin Yi Zhang. "Effects of Different Pore-Extending Methods on Morphology of Anodic Aluminium Oxide Templates." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.461.

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Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates were fabricated via a two-step anodization method. On the basis of getting the optimum preparation parameters of AAO templates, effects of two different pore-extending methods on morphology of AAO templates were studied. Field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to research surface morphology of AAO templates. The SEM images indicated that different pore-extending methods had a significant influence on morphology of AAO templates. The shape of nanopores of AAO templates was cylindrical after floating pore-extending method, but it was truncated cone-shaped with one dimensional gradient using immersed pore-extending method. Meanwhile, mechanism of different pore-extending methods on morphology of AAO templates was elucidated.

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14

Kushnir, Sergey E., Mikhail E. Kuznetsov, Ilya V. Roslyakov, Nikolay V. Lyskov, and Kirill S. Napolskii. "Mosaic of Anodic Alumina Inherited from Anodizing of Polycrystalline Substrate in Oxalic Acid." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 4406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244406.

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The anodizing of aluminium under oscillating conditions is a versatile and reproducible method for the preparation of one-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs). Many anodizing parameters have been optimised to improve the optical properties of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) PhCs. However, the influence of the crystallographic orientation of an Al substrate on the characteristics of AAO PhCs has not been considered yet. Here, the effect of Al substrate crystallography on the properties of AAO PhCs is investigated. It is experimentally demonstrated that the cyclic anodizing of coarse-grained aluminium foils produces a mosaic of photonic crystals. The crystallographic orientation of Al grains affects the electrochemical oxidation rate of Al, the growth rate of AAO, and the wavelength position of the photonic band gap.

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15

Yazid, Hanani, Nek Zamzila Nekhia, Rohana Adnan, and Abdul Mutalib Md Jani. "Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Grafted on Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.77.

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Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) supported on nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane has been successfully prepared by direct anionic exchange for further application in catalysis. The nanoporous AAO membrane is immersed in HAuCl4 solution at different pH to achieve gold nanoparticles grafted on AAO (Au-AAO). It was found that the pH of the HAuCl4 solution played an important role for controlling the size of Au NPs as well as the amount of Au depositing on the surface of AAO membrane. The prepared Au-AAO membranes were characterized by diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.

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16

Nazemi, Azadeh, Seyed Abolfazl, and Seyed Sadjadi. "Controlling the anodizing conditions in preparation of an nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide template." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0220-2.

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AbstractPorous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template is commonly used in the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires and nanorods, due to its simple fabrication process. Controlling the anodizing conditions is important because of their direct influence on the size of AAO template pores; it affects the size of nanostructures that are fabricated in AAO template. In present study, several alumina templates were fabricated by a two-step electrochemical anodization in different conditions, such as the time of first process, its voltage, and electrolyte concentration. The effect of these factors on pore diameters of AAO templates was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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17

Chen, Po-Chun, Youwei Jiang, Dawen Li, Jun Zou, and Xing Cheng. "Innovative Nanoimprint-Assisted Fabrication of Anodic Aluminum Oxide." Atlas Journal of Materials Science 1, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajms.v1i1.119.

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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates possess highly-ordered nanoporous structures, with advantages such as high aspect ratio. However, there are limits to control the growth of the traditional AAO arrays, such as interpore distance, pore sizes and densities. In this study, we introduce an innovative nanoimprint process guided AAO fabrication to overcome these limitations of the traditional AAO arrays.

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18

Qin, Xue, and Fang Li. "Synthesis of the Novel Porous Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 96 (January 2010): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.96.241.

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Synthesis of porous carbon nanotubes using the anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template method, by decomposing sucrose on AAO, was reported. The surface area of the porous carbon nanotubes calculated by the BET method was 375 m2•g-1. The porous carbon nanotubes would be expected to have a potential application in the field of catalyst supports, hydrogen storage material and new nano-devices.

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19

Manzano, Cristina V., Jakob J. Schwiedrzik, Gerhard Bürki, Laszlo Pethö, Johann Michler, and Laetitia Philippe. "A set of empirical equations describing the observed colours of metal–anodic aluminium oxide–Al nanostructures." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (May 13, 2020): 798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.64.

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Structural colours have received a lot of attention regarding the reproduction of the vivid colours found in nature. In this study, metal–anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)–Al nanostructures were deposited using a two-step anodization and sputtering process to produce self-ordered anodic aluminium oxide films and a metal layer (8 nm Cr and 25, 17.5 and 10 nm of Au), respectively. AAO films of different thickness were anodized and the Yxy values (Y is the luminance value, and x and y are the chromaticity values) were obtained via reflectance measurements. An empirical model based on the thickness and porosity of the nanostructures was determined, which describes a gamut of colours. The proposed mathematical model can be applied in different fields, such as wavelength absorbers, RGB (red, green, blue) display devices, as well as chemical or optical sensors.

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20

Hashoosh, A., H. Hirshy, E. B. Brousseau, and A. Moosa. "Fabrication of Aluminium Nanowires by Differential Pressure Injection." ISRN Nanomaterials 2013 (August 26, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/132798.

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The reported study aims to demonstrate the application of a simple technique, which is referred to as pressure differential injection, to prepare metallic nanowires. This technique relies on the difference in pressure between the inside of sealed nanochannels of an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) substrate and the ambient atmosphere to inject a molten metal, which is previously deposited on the substrate, into the AAO pores. The application of this technique enabled the fabrication of nanowires in aluminium with diameters comprised between 55 nm and 65 nm.

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21

Morgenstern, Roy, Daniela Nickel, Dagmar Dietrich, Ingolf Scharf, and Thomas Lampke. "Anodic Oxidation of AMCs: Influence of Process Parameters on Coating Formation." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.636.

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Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) consisting of high-strength, age-hardenable aluminium alloys and homogeneously dispersed hard particles open up new possibilities in designing light-weight material based security related structures. The susceptibility of the matrix alloy to selective corrosion can be reduced significantly by anodic oxidation. A powder-metallurgical processed alloy AlCu4MgMn with hard particles and a commercial wrought alloy for reference were used for the investigations.In order to control the microstructure of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) formed on AMCs, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism and the influencing parameters. Therefore in a first run, the anodizing behaviour of matrix alloy was separated from the behaviour of hard particles. The AAO coatings show small growth rates on the matrix and the reference alloy accompanied by a complex pore structure which differs from the ordered vertical pore structure on pure aluminium. Depending on the type and the size as well as the anodizing parameters, the particles are either incorporated into the AAO coating unchanged or partly resp. completely oxidized. The AAO microstructure changes significantly in dependence of the anodizing parameters. It is shown that a technically relevant coating thickness can be achieved on AMCs by choosing appropriate process parameters.

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22

Zheng, Hong Mei, Yu Cheng Wu, Xin Min Huang, Jie Wu Cui, and Yan Wang. "Trial-Constructing a Novel Image of AAO Template." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.440.

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The Self-Organizing Anodic Aluminium Oxide(AAO) Template Is Widely Used to Construct the Nanomaterials. but the AAO Film Is Very Thin and Brittle, the AAO Templates Are Easily Been Destroied when Widening and Opening the Nanopores. the Nanorods/wires Constructed by this Template Likely Aggregate because of the High Activity of Nano-Surface at Short Range. this Paper Proposed a Novel Image of AAO Template in which Several Nanopores Combined Together to Form a Large Open Holes without Widening the Cells and Opening Barrier Layers. the Electronic Aluminium Foils with 99.99% Purity Is Anodized in Phosphoric Acid by Two-Steps, then Polarized under a Negative Voltage in the Kcl Solution. the Result of Experiment Demostrated the Possibility of the Formation Mechanism of this New Templates.

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23

Casey, Meghan E., Anthony P. Ventura, Wojciech Z. Misiolek, and Sabrina Jedlicka. "Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Membranes for Neurite Outgrowth." MRS Proceedings 1498 (2012): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1652.

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ABSTRACTAnodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were fabricated in a mild two-step anodization procedure. The voltage was varied during both anodization steps to control the pore size and morphology of the AAO membranes. Pore sizes ranged from 34 nm to 117 nm. Characterization of the pore structure was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To assess the potential of the AAO membranes as a neuronal differentiation platform, C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs), an immortalized and multipotent cell line, were used. The NSCs were forced to differentiate via serum-withdrawal. Cellular growth was characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and SEM. ImageJ software was used to obtain phenotypic cell counts and neurite outgrowth lengths. Results indicate a highly tunable correlation between AAO nanopore sizes and differentiated cell populations. By selecting AAO membranes with specific pore size ranges, control of neuronal network density and neurite outgrowth length was achieved.

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24

Kumeria, Tushar, and Dusan Losic. "Reflective interferometric gas sensing using nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 5, no. 10-11 (September 29, 2011): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201105425.

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25

Kang, Ho Jae, Sung Joon Park, Ji Beom Yoo, and Deug Joong Kim. "Controlled Drug Release Using Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.709.

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Hardening of blood vessels has steeply increased every year, and implantation stent was used to solve that the conditions of illness. However, in-stent restenosis continues to make problem. To overcome the problem of in-stent restenosis, the concept of local delivery of antiproliferative or immunosuppressive drugs has been introduced into interventional cardiology. Local drug delivery system was demonstrated by using drug-eluting stents coated with nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) used for controlled drug release. Effects of diameter and depth of AAO on the diffusion characteristics of drug were investigated. 2-deoxyadenosine was tested. AAO pore diameter and depth showed image by SEM and characterization of diffusion of drug from the AAO nanoporous pore diameter and depth was carried out using by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography).

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26

Guo, Yang, Li Zhang, Mangui Han, Xin Wang, Jianliang Xie, and Longjiang Deng. "The effect of ethylene glycol on pore arrangement of anodic aluminium oxide prepared by hard anodization." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171412.

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The influence of the addition of ethylene glycol (EG) on the pore self-ordering process in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes prepared by hard anodization (HA) was investigated. It was illustrated that EG has a substantial effect on the pore arrangement of AAO, and it was found that a smaller pore size can be obtained with an EG concentration reaching 20 wt% in aqueous electrolyte. The number of estimated defects of AAO increases significantly with an increase in EG concentration to 50 wt%. Excellent ordering of pores was realized when the samples were anodized in the 30 wt%-EG-containing aqueous electrolyte.

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27

Liu, Xiao Zhen, Zhao Xin Liu, Ai Bing Yu, Gang Wang, Ling Ling Song, and Le Qi Ding. "Effect of Praseodymium Salt on Properties of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Films." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.847.

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Praseodymium salt was used as additives for the first time in preparing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films to improve its performance. AAO films were prepared by anodization method from a 15 vol.% sulphuric acid solution containing praseodymium salt. The effects of Pr concentration on microhardness and thickness of AAO film were investigated, respectively. The effect of heat treatment temperature on structure of AAO film was investigated. AAO films were characterized by XRD, EDAX and SEM techniques. AAO films showed higher microhardness and thickness, the surface of AAO film was smoother and the aperture of AAO film was more uniform than those of films prepared in 15 vol. % sulphuric acid anodization solution. The microhardness and thickness of AAO film were 355.7HV and 84μm respectively. The apertures of AAO film were in 25～30nm. There was not praseodymium in AAO film. AAO films were amorphous when heat treatment temperatures of AAO film were below 800°C. When heat treatment temperature of AAO film were 850°C and 1000°C respectively, AAO films were γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 film respectively.

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28

Qiu, Ri, Peng Wang, Dun Zhang, and Yi Wang. "Anodic Aluminum Oxide Matrix Encapsulating Nonivamide for Anticorrosion and Antifouling Application." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.786.

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Electrochemical method is applied to prepare the porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. After the impregnation process, nonivamide was encapsulated into the channels of the AAO membrane. We apply the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques to measure the performance of the combined material. The slight solubility of nonivamide enables it to release slowly from the AAO channels. This composite AAO-nonivamide material can show multifunctional effects, anticorrosion and antifouling, to the substrate aluminum metal.

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29

Sumtong, Peerawith, and Apiluck Eiad-Ua. "Fabrication of Low Cost Membrane from Anodic Aluminum Oxide." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.363.

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Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) membrane has been successfully fabricated from two-step anodization with aluminum low grade (Al6061). The pore density, the pore diameter, and the interpore distance can be controlled by varying anodization process conditions. However, there are limits to control the mechanical strength and growth of AAO arrays, such as pore density, pore diameter and interpore distance. In this research the self-organized two-step anodization is carried out varying time at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively with 40V at the low temperature 2-5°C. The optimum conditions of AAO with two-step anodization is 40V for 48 hr. Finally, AAO substrate is separated from aluminum low-grade and enlarged pore diameter with pore widening process by 5% H3PO4. The physical properties were investigated by mean of field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) show that the average pore diameter and average interpore distance increase with the anodization time. Al6061 Aluminum substrate can be used to fabricate a nanoporous AAO film with an average pore diameter and average interpore distance larger than 70 and 90 nanometers, respectively but less mechanical stability.

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30

Houng, Mau-Phon, Wei-Lun Lu, Tsung-Hsin Yang, and Kuan-Wei Lee. "Characterization of the Nanoporous Template Using Anodic Alumina Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/130716.

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Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is deposited on a 5 cm × 5 cm tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)/glass substrate, and the AAO/ITO/glass structure thus formed is used to reduce the amount of unreacted Al inside the AAO template, thereby reducing the transmittance of the AAO/glass structure. The enhancement of transmittance is achieved by modulating the diameter of the pores and varying the applied bias. The proposed AAO can be used at a high applied bias (up to 120 V) to improve the uniformity of the current density. Following pore-widening treatment and posttreatment annealing, the morphologies and transmittance of the AAO/ITO/glass structure were also investigated.

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Weng, Yung Jin, J. C. Huang, Yung Chun Weng, Y. C. Wong, Hsu Kang Liu, and Sen Yeu Yang. "A Study on Application of Making Porous Micro-Structural Aluminum Oxide Template by Anodic Aluminum Oxide Processing Technology in Cell Reproduction." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.356.

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This study employed the Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) method twice for AAO processing to prepare neatly-arranged aluminum oxide film micro nano porous structure, and conducted experiments by adjusting different condition parameters (current, voltage, and temperature). The experimental results showed that voltage would directly affect the pore space and surface roughness of the aluminum oxide film. In addition, after anodic treatment, the positive and negative surfaces demonstrated varying degrees of roughness under the same conditions. In this study, the experiment of surface roughness impact on cell proliferation demonstrated that cell proliferation was better when surface roughness was in the range of 0.4 nm < Ra < 1.2 nm.

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32

Silina, Yuliya E., Tatyana A. Kuchmenko, and Dietrich A. Volmer. "Sorption of hydrophilic dyes on anodic aluminium oxide films and application to pH sensing." Analyst 140, no. 3 (2015): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00806e.

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The sorption of selected hydrophilic pH-sensitive dyes (bromophenol blue, bromothymol blue, bromocresol purple, alizarin red, methyl orange, congo red, rhodamine 6G) on films of anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) was investigated in this study.

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Xue, Li, Zhipeng Lü, Yingzhi Cheng, Xiuyu Sun, Hongtao Lin, Xiaoling Xiao, Xiangfeng Liu, and Shuping Zhuo. "Three-dimensional layered double hydroxide membranes: fabrication technique, growth mechanism, and enhanced photocatalytic activity." Chemical Communications 54, no. 61 (2018): 8494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc04162h.

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Novel three-dimensional ZnAl–LDH/AAO and NiAl–LDH/AAO membranes using porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates as a substrate and an Al³⁺ source were successfully fabricated via a simple precipitant-free in situ growth technique.

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34

Qiao, Bin, Zi Long Tang, Zhong Tai Zhang, and Rui Long Zong. "The Application of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane in Luminescence." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.505.

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In this article, the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was prepared by two-step anodizing process in oxalic acid electrolyte. And a blue-emission of AAO itself attributed to the oxalate was observed. The AAO membrane with ordered nano-sized porous structure was an important membrane to produce nano-materials. And luminescent nano-particles embedded in AAO, such as ZnO in this article, possessed notably special performances which were due to the quantum size effect and the special environment provided by the nano-pores. Since AAO membranes possessed a unique structure, in this paper, an assumption about the application of the membrane in field emission display (FED) and electroluminescence (EL) was proposed.

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35

Xi, Xin, Jing Li, Zhanhong Ma, Xiaodong Li, and Lixia Zhao. "Enhanced water splitting performance of GaN nanowires fabricated using anode aluminum oxide templates." RSC Advances 9, no. 26 (2019): 14937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01188a.

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36

Saidin, Nur Ubaidah, Kuan Ying Kok, and Inn Khuan Ng. "Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates for Nickel Nanowires Array Fabrication." Advanced Materials Research 364 (October 2011): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.303.

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This paper reports on the process developed to fabricate anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates suitable for the fabrication of nanowires arrays. Anodization process has been used to fabricate the AAO templates with pore diameters ranging from 15 nm to 30 nm. Electrodeposition of parallel arrays of high aspect ratio nickel nanowires were demonstrated using these fabricated AAO templates. The nanowires produced were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the orientations of the electrodeposited nickel nanowires were governed by the deposition current and electrolyte conditions.

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37

Choudhary, E., and V. Szalai. "Two-step cycle for producing multiple anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films with increasing long-range order." RSC Advances 6, no. 72 (2016): 67992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13830f.

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38

Silina, Yuliya E., Tatiana A. Kychmenko, and Marcus Koch. "Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide films for UV/vis detection of noble and non-noble metals." Analytical Methods 8, no. 1 (2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02498f.

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In this study, a simple, rapid and inexpensive approach for the screening of heavy metals with photometric reagents was developed based on porous, anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films, with detection limits of 0.45 mg L⁻¹ (Co²⁺), 0.25 mg L⁻¹ (Pb²⁺) and 0.59 mg L⁻¹ (Ni²⁺).

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Yang, Wen Bin, and Xiao Hong Tang. "One-Step Anodization Preparation and Photoluminescence Property of Anodic Aluminum Oxide with Nanopore Arrays." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.272.

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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film with nanopore arrays was prepared by one-step anodization of highly pure aluminum foil. Morphology, structure and photoluminescence property of AAO were characterized. Results showed that AAO owned honeycomb structure which was characterized by close-packed arrays of columnar hexagonal cells, each containing a central pore normal to the substrate. There were three peaks at around 370, 385 and 470 nm in the PL spectrum of AAO, which should be mainly attributed to the oxygen vacancies.

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Liu, Xiao Zhen, Jun Hua Yang, Gang Wang, Ling Ling Song, and Ge Shi Zhuang. "Effect of Preparation Conditions on the Performance of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (April 2012): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.223.

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Neodymium salt was used as additives in preparing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films to improve its performance. AAO films were prepared by anodization method from a 15 vol. % sulphuric acid solution containing neodymium salt. The effects of anodization voltage, anodization temperature and anodization time on microhardness and thickness of AAO films were researched, respectively. The thickness of AAO film increases with the increase of anodization voltage, the microhardness of AAO film decreases with the increase of anodization voltage in 19 V～23 V. The thickness of AAO film increases with the increase of anodization temperature, the microhardness of AAO film decreases with the increase of anodization temperature in 11 °C～19°C. The thickness of AAO film increases with the increase of anodization time, the microhardness of AAO film decreases with the increase of anodization time in 30 min～3 h. When the anodizing parameters: anodization voltage: 22 V, temperature: 15°C, anodization time: 2 h, the thickness and microhardness of AAO film is as high as 135μm and 305.4 HV.

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Chen, Feng, and Adrian H. Kitai. "Template Synthesis of Indium Nanowires Using Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.300.

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Indium nanowires with diameters approximately 300 nm have been synthesized by a hydraulic pressure technique using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The indium melt is injected into the AAO template and solidified to form nanostructures. The nanowires are dense, continuous and uniformly run through the entire ∼60 μm thickness of the AAO template. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the nanowires are polycrystalline with a preferred orientation. SEM is performed to characterize the morphology of the nanowires.

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Wei, Hongyang, Dongchu Chen, Huawen Hu, Menglei Chang, Xiufang Ye, and Meifeng Wang. "Insights into energy-efficient and eco-friendly sealing of anodic aluminum oxide film holes with alkaline earth metal salts." RSC Advances 7, no. 88 (2017): 55653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10633e.

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In this study, the impact of various sealing conditions on the quality of the sealed anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film is systematically investigated, leading us to gain insights into sealing the AAO film in an energy-efficient and eco-friendly way.

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43

Kushnir, Sergey E., Nina A. Sapoletova, Ilya V. Roslyakov, and Kirill S. Napolskii. "One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Nonbranched Pores Prepared via Phosphorous Acid Anodizing of Aluminium." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091548.

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One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) obtained by aluminium anodizing under oscillating conditions are promising materials with structure-dependent optical properties. Electrolytes based on sulphuric, oxalic, and selenic acids have been utilized for the preparation of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) 1D PhCs with sub-100-nm pore diameter. AAO films with larger pores can be obtained by anodizing in phosphorous acid at high voltages. Here, for the first time, anodizing in phosphorous acid is applied for the preparation of AAO 1D PhCs with nonbranched macropores. The sine wave profile of anodizing voltage in the 135–165 V range produces straight pores, whose diameter is above 100 nm and alternates periodically in size. The pore diameter modulation period linearly increases with the charge density by a factor of 599 ± 15 nm·cm2·C−1. The position of the photonic band gap is controlled precisely in the 0.63–1.96 µm range, and the effective refractive index of AAO 1D PhCs is 1.58 ± 0.05.

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44

Saji, Viswanathan S., Tushar Kumeria, Karan Gulati, Matthew Prideaux, Shafiur Rahman, Mohammed Alsawat, Abel Santos, Gerald J. Atkins, and Dusan Losic. "Localized drug delivery of selenium (Se) using nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide for bone implants." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 35 (2015): 7090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00125k.

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45

Wahab, Juyana A., Muhamad Nur Misbah, Nurul Diyana Jamil, and Mohd Nazree Derman. "A Study on the Effect of Modified Electrolyte to the Formation of AAO Membrane in Anodising Process." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.223.

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The formation of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane in anodising process has been studied. The anodising process was done in two different type of electrolyte which are single phosphoric acid and a mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. This study was done to determine the influence of this mixed electrolyte toward the formation of AAO membrane. The anodising voltage was control from 90V to 130V while concentration, time, and temperature were kept constant at 1M, 60 minute and 15°C respectively. The characterisation of the AAO membrane was done by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this study confirm that the addition of organic acid in the acidic based electrolyte resulted to the larger pores size of AAO membrane.

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46

Li, Ming-Yu, Muni Yu, Shenglin Jiang, Sisi Liu, Hezhuang Liu, Hao Xu, Dong Su, Guangzu Zhang, Yuntian Chen, and Jiang Wu. "Controllable 3D plasmonic nanostructures for high-quantum-efficiency UV photodetectors based on 2D and 0D materials." Materials Horizons 7, no. 3 (2020): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mh01660k.

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47

CETINEL, A., and Z. ÖZCELIK. "INFLUENCE OF NANOWIRE DIAMETER ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Cu NANOWIRE SYNTHESIZED IN ANODIC ALUMINIUM OXIDE FILM." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 01 (February 2016): 1550093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15500936.

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Copper (Cu) nanowire arrays embedded in anodic aluminium oxide films (AAO) on aluminium substrate have been synthesized by alternating current electrochemical deposition. Two-step anodization process has been performed to get the through-hole AAO with ordered nanochannels in 0.3[Formula: see text]M oxalic acids at DC voltages 30, 40, 50 and 60[Formula: see text]V, respectively. Structural characterization of the Cu nanowires has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (or) X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Our SEM analysis has revealed that the diameters of vertically oriented Cu nanowires are 15, 25, 45 and 60[Formula: see text]nm and the length of Cu nanowires having high packing density is about 15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. XRD measurement has indicated that polycrystalline Cu nanowires prefer growth orientation along the (111) direction. Optical measurements show that reflection of the Cu nanowires/AAO on aluminium reduces with decreasing diameter of the Cu nanowires. This effect can be associated with increased light scattering from metal nanoparticles near their localized plasmon resonance frequency depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles.

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48

Chiu, Chui Yu, Yi Lin, Yu Chi Tseng, and Yung Kang Shen. "Optimal Processing for Hydrophobic Nanopillar Polymer Surfaces Using Nanoporous Alumina Template." Advanced Materials Research 646 (January 2013): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.646.84.

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Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are fabricated using an anodization method. The mean diameters of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide templates are 100 nm and 200 nm by various processing parameters of the anodization method. A molded plastic thin film nanostructure is fabricated by nanoimprinting using the AAO template as a mold. The surface properties of the molded plastic thin film are discussed using various nanoimprinting process parameters. Contact angles of the molded plastic thin film with the nanostructure exceed those without the nanostructure. The molded plastic thin films with a nanostructure and a hydrophobic surface are formed, and their contact angles exceed 90°.

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49

XUE, HANSONG, HUAJI LI, YU YI, and HUIFANG HU. "ORDERED POROUS ANODIC ALUMINUM OXIDE FILMS MADE BY TWO-STEP ANODIZATION." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 06 (December 2007): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010603.

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Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) films were prepared by two-step anodizing in sulfuric and oxalic acid solutions and observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the form of AAO film is affected by the varieties and concentrations of electrolyte, anodizing voltage, and the anodizing time; the formation and evolution processes of the AAO film are relative with the anodizing voltage severely, and the appropriate voltage is helpful to the ordering of the holes. The formation of the AAO film could be explained based on the present experiment and some former models.

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50

Ma, Shuanhong, Jianxi Liu, Qian Ye, Daoai Wang, Yongmin Liang, and Feng Zhou. "A general approach for construction of asymmetric modification membranes for gated flow nanochannels." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 23 (2014): 8804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00126e.

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Double hydrophilic, double responsive, hydrophilic/hydrophobic polymer brushes asymmetrically-modified anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannel arrays were prepared by asymmetrical polymerization strategies.

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