Academic literature on the topic 'Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)"

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Sumtong, Peerawith, Apiluck Eiad-Ua, and Khattiya Chalapat. "Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Thin Film Fabrication with Low-Grade Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 872 (September 2016): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.872.152.

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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is well known for its nanoscopic structures and its applications in microfluidics, sensors and nanoelectronics. The pore density, the pore diameter, and the interpore distance of an AAO substrate can be controlled by varying anodization process conditions. In this research, the self-organized two-step anodization is carried out with a low-grade (Al6061) aluminium substrate using a 40V voltage at the temperature of 2 to 5 °C. Three experiments are done with the anodization time of 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The structural features of AAO are characterized by a field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM). The data from FE-SEM show that the average pore diameter increases with the anodization time, and that the Al6061 aluminium substrate can be used to fabricate a nanoporous AAO film with an average pore diameter smaller than 17 nanometers.
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He, Ji Yan, Jian Dan Ren, and Yan Bin He. "Fabricating Anodic Aluminum Oxide by Anodic-Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5522.

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Uniform parallel pores and controllable pore diameter make Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) membrane one of the best materials in synthesis of one-dimensional nano-structured material. High orderly AAO template was prepared by anodic-oxidation. The prepared AAO membrane’s apertures ranged from 30 nm to 75 nm. Within a few microns, holes were orderly arranged. The fabricating methods of AAO template in different electrolyte were studied and the factors which affect the pore distribution, such as electrolyte types, voltage and concentration were discussed.
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Carneiro, J. O., F. Machado, M. Pereira, V. Teixeira, M. F. Costa, Artur Ribeiro, Artur Cavaco-Paulo, and A. P. Samantilleke. "The influence of the morphological characteristics of nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) structures on capacitive touch sensor performance: a biological application." RSC Advances 8, no. 65 (2018): 37254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07490a.

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Lu, Pei Hsuan Doris, Alison Lennon, and Stuart Wenham. "Laser-Doping through Anodic Aluminium Oxide Layers for Silicon Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/870839.

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This paper demonstrates that silicon can be locally doped with aluminium to form localised p+surface regions by laser-doping through anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) layers formed on the silicon surface. The resulting p+regions can extend more than 10 μm into the silicon and the electrically active p-type dopant concentration exceeds 1020 cm−3for the first 6-7 μm of the formed p+region. Anodic aluminium oxide layers can be doped with other impurities, such as boron and phosphorus, by anodising in electrolytes containing the extrinsic impurities in ionic form. The ions become trapped in the formed anodic oxide during anodisation, therefore enabling the impurity to be introduced into the silicon, with aluminium, during laser-doping. This codoping process can be used to create very heavily doped surface layers which can reduce contact resistance on metallisation, whilst the deeper doping achieved by the intrinsic aluminium may act to shield the surface from minority carriers. laser-doping through AAO layers can be performed without introducing any voids in the silicon or fumes which may be harmful to human health.
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Brüggemann, Dorothea. "Nanoporous Aluminium Oxide Membranes as Cell Interfaces." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/460870.

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Nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) has become increasingly important in biomedical applications over the past years due to its biocompatibility, increased surface area, and the possibility to tailor this nanomaterial with a wide range of surface modifications. AAO nanopores are formed in an inexpensive anodisation process of pure aluminium, which results in the self-assembly of highly ordered, vertical nanochannels with well-controllable pore diameters, depths, and interpore distances. Because of these outstanding properties AAO nanopores have become excellent candidates as nanostructured substrates for cell-interface studies. In this comprehensive review previous surveys on cell adhesion and proliferation on different AAO nanopore geometries and surface modifications are highlighted and summarised tabularly. Future applications of nanoporous alumina membranes in biotechnology and medicine are also outlined, for instance, the use of nanoporous AAO as implant modifications, coculture substrates, or immunoisolation devices.
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Wu, Yu Cheng, Jie Wu Cui, Yan Wang, Guang Qing Xu, and Xin Yi Zhang. "Effects of Pretreatment and the First Anodization Time on Morphology of Anodic Aluminium Oxide Templates." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.707.

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Anodic aluminium oxide(AAO) templates were fabricated by a two-step anodization method utilizing high purity aluminium sheets. On the basis of getting the optimum preparation parameters of AAO templates, effects of the pretreatment and the first anodization time on morphology of AAO templates were studied. Field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM) was used to investigate surface morphology of AAO templates. The SEM images indicated that both pretreatment and the first anodization time had a significant influence on morphology of AAO templates. Meanwhile,effect mechanism of pretreatment and the first anodization time on AAO templates morphology was elucidated.
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Li, Yi, Yuyan Qin, Zhiyuan Ling, Xing Hu, and Yanhua Shen. "Unique AAO films with adjustable hierarchical microstructures." RSC Advances 5, no. 1 (2015): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13076f.

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Juyana, A. Wahab, and Mohd Nazree Derman. "Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Film on Aluminium Templates Formed in Anodizing Process." Advanced Materials Research 173 (December 2010): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.173.55.

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A porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were successfully fabricated on aluminium templates by using anodizing technique. The anodizing process was done in the mixed acid solution of phosphoric acid and acetic acid. The growth, morphology and chemical composition of AAO film were investigated. During the anodizing process, the growth of the oxide pores was strictly influenced by the anodizing parameters. The anodizing was done by varying the voltage at 70 V to 130 V and temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C. The electrolyte concentration was remaining constant. In this study, all the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. From this study, the optimum parameters to obtain porous AAO film with the mixture of phosphoric acid and acetic acid solution can be known.
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Zhang, Junxi, Huaping Zhao, Ming Gong, Lide Zhang, Zhijun Yan, Kang Xie, Guangtao Fei, et al. "Revealing the truncated conical geometry of nanochannels in anodic aluminium oxide membranes." Nanoscale 14, no. 14 (2022): 5356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nr01006b.

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Watcharenwong, Apichon, Narudon Saijaioup, Yotsapon Bailuang, and Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul. "Morphology and Wettability of Nanoporous Aluminium Oxide Film Prepared by Anodization." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.174.

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Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) is a well-known material for nanofabrication. To obtain highly ordered nanoporous array, there is anodization process. AAO were fabricated by anodization method utilizing high purity aluminium foil as the substrate. The substrate was degreased with ultrasonic cleaner for 15 minutes. Then the substrate was anodized in an electrolyte of 0.3 M oxalic acid with various potentials: 10, 20, 30, and 40 V and various durations: 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes at room temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to investigate surface morphology of nanoporous aluminium oxide film. The wettability of nanoporous aluminium oxide surface was estimated by measuring water contact angle (WCA) of water droplets on the nanoporous aluminium oxide surface. The FE-SEM images showed that the pore size was in the range of 12 - 81 nm. This result can indicated that nanopore size of AAO film increased with the increasing of anodization potentials and anodization time. The water contact angle of AAO samples were approximately 90.55 - 44.33 degrees. The result of measurement proved that super hydrophilic surface obtained with the increasing of nanopore size and high porosity of AAO.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)"

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He, Xueying. "Characterization of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film by Combined Scattering Techniques." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1383645061.

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Romanovicz, Vanessa 1983, Deyse Elisabeth Ortiz Suman 1958 Carpenter, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. "Síntese de nanotubos de carbono utilizando caldo de cana como precursor e templates AAO (Anodic Aluminum Oxide) /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2011. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2011/357584_1_1.pdf.

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Rafati, A. A., M. Najafi, and A. Zare. "Effect of Electrodeposition Frequency on Magnetic Properties of (Co0.97Al0.03)0.7Fe0.3 Nanowires." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35345.

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The magnetic properties of (Co0.97Al0.03)0.7Fe0.3 nanowires electrodeposited at different frequency of 50- 1000 Hz were studied. This nanowires were prepared by alternative current electrodeposition using porous anodic aluminum oxide as template. The results show that coercivity of samples slightly increased with increasing the frequency. Comparing the M–H hysteresis loops in different frequency shows that saturation magnetization (Ms) per unit area decreases with increasing the frequency. Magnetic properties were also investigated after annealing at 575 C. After annealing, a clear increase in coercivity was observed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35345
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Chintakula, Goutam. "SCHOTTKY DIODES ON COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE NANOWIRE ARRAYS EMBEDDED IN POROUS ALUMINA TEMPLATES." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/556.

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Vertically aligned nanowire arrays of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and CuPc-Al Schottky diodes, of controllable diameter and length were fabricated by cathodic electrodeposition of CuPc into anodized alumina (AAO) templates, followed by annealing at 300 ºC in Argon. AAO over Aluminum tape and that over ITO-glass were both used as starting templates for the device fabrication. Depending on the dimensions of the starting AAO template, diameters of CuPc nanowires ranged from 30 nm to 40 nm and the lengths ranged from 500 nm to 1 μm. The temperature dependence of the phase and the absorption spectrum of the nanowires are reported. The electrodeposited nanowires (as prepared) had the preferred crystallite orientation of the α-phase. ITO formed the ohmic contact and Schottky contacts were formed between CuPc and aluminum. Insertion of a thin layer of PEDOT:PSS between CuPc nanowires and the ITO electrode improved the contact and reduced the series resistance by an order of magnitude. Schottky diodes were characterized and analyzed at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures.
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Moturu, Sri Harsha. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF P-TYPE COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE (CIS) NANOWIRES EMBEDDED IN POROUS ALUMINA TEMPLATES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/91.

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This work focuses on a simple template assisted approach for fabricating I-III-VI semiconductor nanowire arrays. Vertically aligned nanowires of p-CIS of controllable diameter and thickness are electrodeposited, from an acidic electrolyte solution, inside porous aluminum templates using a three electrode set up with saturated calomel electrode as the reference. AAO template over ITO-glass was used as starting template for the device fabrication. The deposited CIS is annealed at different temperatures in a reducing environment (95% Ar+ 5% H2) for 30 minutes. X-ray diffraction of the nanowires showed nanocrystalline cubic phase structures with a strong orientation in the <112> direction. The effective bandgap of the deposited CIS nanowires determined using the Near Infrared (NIR) Spectrometer was found to be 1.07eV. The type of CIS electrodeposited inside the porous alumina template is determined to be p-type from the Schottky diode obtained with ITO-CIS-Au structure. Schottky diodes were characterized and analyzed at room temperature.
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Yanamanagandla, Srikanth. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHOTTKY DIODES ON N-TYPE CdTe NANOWIRES EMBEDDED IN POROUS ALUMINA TEMPLATES." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/573.

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This work focuses on the growth of vertically aligned CdTe nanowire arrays of controllable diameter and length using cathodic electro deposition in anodized alumina templates. This step was followed by annealing at 250° C in a reducing environment (95% Ar + 5% H2). AAO template over ITO-glass was used as starting template for the device fabrication. The deposited nanowires showed nanocrystalline cubic phase structures with a strong preference in [111] direction. First gold (Au) was deposited into AAO using cathodic electro deposition. This was followed by CdTe deposition into the pore. Gold was deposited first as it aids the growth of CdTe inside AAO and it makes Schottky contact with the deposited n type CdTe. CdTe was determined to be n-type from the fact that back to back diode was obtained with Au-CdTe-Au test structure. Aluminum (Al) was sputtered on the top to make the ohmic contact to the n type CdTe deposited in AAO. Analysis of Schottky diodes yielded a diode ideality factor of 10.03 under dark and 10.08 under light and reverse saturation current density of 34.9μA/cm2 under dark and 39.7μA/cm2 under light.
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Gravani, Styliani. "Synthesis of nanomaterials via anodic aluminium oxide templates." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616919.

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This thesis is concerned with the synthesis of 1 D nanomaterials via a template-assisted route. Porous anodic aluminium oxide templates prepared electrochemically have been utilised with two intrinsically different deposition techniques, sol-gel and high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS), to obtain ID metal and metal oxide nanowires and nanotubes. The resultant morphologies and crystal structures were examined via SEM, XPS, XRD, TEM and EELS. A number of porous template alumina structures have been grown via the anodisation of pure and sputtered aluminium. The effects of surface pre-treatments, etching treatments and anodisation conditions on the resultant morphologies were investigated. It has been found that pore growth is largely dependent on the surface roughness of the substrate as well as the anodisation conditions. The anodisation duration is critical in promoting and allowing self-ordering. Obtained templates, varied in thickness from a few hundred run to several tens of pu-m, with an average pore diameter of 70 nm, interpore distance of 100 nm and pore density of 4 x 1010 cm2. . The implementation of HPPMS led to the successful deposition of Ti inside the alumina template to depths of around 45-50 run. It was found that templates with highly parallel pores on a rigid substrate such as Si, are more suited if this deposition method is to be used. Control of the pressure and substrate biasing is critical in avoiding 'pinch-off and 'bridging' and leading to complete pore filling. The results have shown that HPPMS is a promising plasma technology for the synthesis of nanomaterials such as nanodots, nanopillars or nanowires, when used with porous alumina templates under appropriate conditions. The use of sol-gel deposition has led to the growth of a number of interesting materials and structures. Nanocrystalline Ce02 and Ce1-xZrx02 and Ce1-xSmx02 thin films and powders have been successfully obtained exhibiting novel micro- and nano-structures, likely to find useful applications in catalysis and gas sensing due to their redox properties and large surface to volume ratio. FUlihermore, the treatment of porous alumina templates via a sol-gel/hydrothermal method led to the formation of Ce-doped y-Ah03 nanowires. Hence, a simple, direct and cost effective method for producing large scale Ah03 (and doped Ah03) nanowires is repotied. Moreover, by annealing at temperatures above 600 DC, nanowires of different crystallographic forms such as 0-, e- and a-Ah03 can also be readily obtained. As the dopant Ce was successfully introduced through this method a wide range of doped-Ah03 nanowires (by other rare eatihs such as Y, La, Gd, Srn), at various concentrations (e.g. 1,3,5 at. %) can be readily obtained.
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Baldé, Mamadou Saliou. "Etude et développement de microtechnologies sur substrat papier : application à la structuration d'AL2O3 poreux pour la faisabilité d'un capteur d'humidité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20065.

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L'objectif premier de ce projet est la mise au point de procédés de fabrication microélectroniques/microtechnologiques compatibles avec l'utilisation d'un support papier. Pour cela, des techniques comme l'évaporation thermique sous vide, la photolithographie, l'électrodéposition et l'anodisation d'aluminium ont été développées et adaptées à ce support. Des bancs de caractérisations structurels, électriques et flexibles ont été aussi mis en œuvre pour étudier la fiabilité des couches déposées sur un tel substrat. En application, un capteur d'humidité à base d'oxyde d'aluminium flexible a été fabriqué et les tests en humidité ont montré d'excellents résultats permettant de valider le travail effectué
The primary objective of this project is the implementation of microelectronics/microtechnology processes compatible with the use of paper-based substrate. For this purpose, techniques such as thermal vacuum evaporation, photolithography, electroplating and anodizing aluminum have been developed and adapted to this substrate. Structural, electrical and flexible characterizations benches have also been implemented to study the reliability of the layers deposited on such substrate. A moisture sensor based on flexible aluminum oxide was made and humidity tests have shown excellent results which validate the work
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El-Mashri, Saleh M. "Structure of anodic-oxide and hydrated oxide films on pure aluminium." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108759/.

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The technique of electron yield-EXAFS has been used to derive information about the different structures of amorphous films, formed anodically on pure aluminium when various electrolyte solutions are used. It has been found that the uniform non-porous (barrier-type) oxide films which are formed in neutralised sodium tartrate or sodium borate electrolyte are amorphous and have an average Al-0 bond length of 0.190 nm. The amorphous oxide produced in neutralised sodium oxalate gives an average Al-0 separation of 0.185 nm, while the porous oxides formed in strong aggressive electrolytes, chromic acid and phosphoric acid, have an average Al-0 bond length of 0.183 nm and 0.180 nm respectively. Both the non-porous and the porous types of films have also been examined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The films formed in neutralised electrolytes show a structureless morphology, while the films prepared in strong acid are shown to have a porous morphology. All these oxide films become hydrated when exposed to hot water at 85°C. The time for complete hydration varies according to whether the film is porous or not. Electron yield-EXAFS analysis of these hydrated films yields two well defined Al-0 distances, 0.205 nm and 0.280 nm, which appear to be associated with the formation of an oxy-hydroxide similar in structure to boehmite. The SEM observation of these hydrated films shows a narked change in the micromorphology during hydration. A "cornflake" structure is developed which is related to the oxy-hydroxide structure (boehmite-like phase). These measured Al—O bond lengths derived from the EXAFS differ, depending on the nature of the anodising treatment, which suggests different states of aluminium-oxygen coordination. A possible model for the structure of amorphous alumina, based on this information, is proposed. These results are also discussed in relation to the structural chemistry of the hydration process.
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Ng, King-yeung, and 吳競洋. "An investigation of the deformation of anodic aluminium oxide nano-honeycomb during nanoindentation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841240.

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Books on the topic "Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)"

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El-Mashri, Saleh M. Structure of anodic-oxide and hydrated oxide films on pure aluminium. [s.l.]: typescript, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)"

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Lee, Woo. "Structural Engineering of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) and Applications." In Nanoporous Alumina, 107–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20334-8_4.

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Sun, Z. H., C. L. Xu, and Hao Li Zhang. "Highly Ordered Nanoscale Patterns on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Surface." In Solid State Phenomena, 445–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.445.

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Jani, Abdul Mutalib Md, Hanani Yazid, Anisah Shafiqah Habiballah, Abdul Hadi Mahmud, and Dusan Losic. "Soft and Hard Surface Manipulation of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO)." In Nanoporous Alumina, 155–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20334-8_5.

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Forn, Antonio, Josep A. Picas, Maite T. Baile, Sergi Menargues, and V. G. García. "Anodic Oxide Layer Formation on A357 Aluminium Alloy Produced by Thixocasting." In Solid State Phenomena, 80–83. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-26-4.80.

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Boominatha sellarajan, S., and Subir Kumar Ghosh. "Synthesis of Highly Ordered Nanoporous Anodic Aluminium Oxide Templates and Template-Based Nanomaterials." In Handbook on Synthesis Strategies for Advanced Materials, 229–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1803-1_7.

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Polat, B. D., B. Bilici, P. Afşin, C. Akyil, and O. Keles. "A Study of Taguchi Method to Optimize 6XXX Series Aluminium Anodic Oxide Film’s Hardness and Investigation of Corrosion Behaviors of Oxide Films." In TMS 2016 145th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 401–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48254-5_48.

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Polat, B. D., B. Bilici, P. Afşin, C. Akyil, and O. Keles. "A Study of Taguchi Method to Optimize 6Xxx Series Aluminium Anodic Oxide Film's Hardness and Investigation of Corrosion Behaviors of Oxide Films." In TMS 2016: 145thAnnual Meeting & Exhibition: Supplemental Proceedings, 401–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274896.ch48.

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Stępniowski, W. J. "Anodic Oxides: Applications and Trends in Nanofabrication." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000304.

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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is one of the most frequently fabricated materials with the use of electrochemical techniques. In this article, current trends in aluminum anodizing are reviewed, including anodizing in novel electrolytes, anodizing in electrolytes with various additives, and fabrication of 3D nanostructures using pulse anodizing, leading to the formation of distributed Bragg reflectors. Applications of AAO in the field of nanofabrication are also reviewed with the use of milestone and the most current research.
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Tomassi, Piotr, and Zofia Buczko. "Aluminum Anodic Oxide AAO as a Template for Formation of Metal Nanostructures." In Electroplating of Nanostructures. InTech, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/61263.

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Conference papers on the topic "Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO)"

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Abdollahzadeh, M., N. Parvaini-Ahmadi, and F. Nasirpouri. "The Effect of Duration of First and Second Anodization Steps on the Ordering of Nanopores in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates Achieved by Three Step Anodic Oxidation Process." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70224.

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We report on the enhancement of naturally-occurred self ordering of nanopores in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane by performing three-step anodic oxidation process. Naturally-occurred self ordering of nanopores in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane has brought it into the applications of template for fabrication of nanoscale materials. Three-step anodic oxidation method was used to achieve self-ordering of nanopores. The effect of duration of first and second steps on the ordering of nanopores was investigated. The current-time curves recorded during anodization elucidate an almost same behavior for all three steps. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) show hexagonally arranged 45 nm pores in a manner which contribute into the formation of highly ordered areas, called domains. Larger ones are clearly observed over the surface, for samples with longer first and second anodization steps.
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Kumeria, Tushar, Collin Hall, and Dusan Losic. "Optimisation of reflective interferometric properties of nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) for biosensing applications." In Devices (COMMAD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/commad.2010.5699781.

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Gujela, Om Prakash, Vidhatri Gujela, and Gayatri. "Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nano membrane fabrication under different conditions." In 2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icraie.2016.7939591.

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Li, Xiang, Yuan He, Tianhua Zhang, Tae-Woo Lee, and Long Que. "Lithographically patterned anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanostructures for fluorescence enhancement." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2012.6321926.

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Khan Kasi, Ajab, Jafar Khan Kasi, Nitin Afzulpurkar, Erik Bohez, Adisorn Tuantranont, and Banchong Mahaisavariya. "Novel anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoporous membrane for wearable hemodialysis device." In 2010 Third International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2010.5670689.

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Lei, Wenwen, and David R. McKenzie. "Enhanced water vapour flow in silica microchannels and interdiffusive water vapour flow through anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes." In SPIE Micro+Nano Materials, Devices, and Applications, edited by Benjamin J. Eggleton and Stefano Palomba. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2202469.

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Li, Xiang, Haocheng Yin, Tingting Wang, and Long Que. "Optical characterization of micropatterned anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) using UV light for its fluorescence applications." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688430.

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8

Lee, Bao-Ying, Ching-Wen Li, and Gou-Jen Wang. "A Microporous Chitosan/Collagen Composite Encapsulated Small Tube of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide for Long-Acting Drug Release." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50949.

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Abstract:
This study aims to develop a long-acting and implantable drug release device that can well control the release rate and concentration of the loaded drug. The proposed long-acting and implantable drug release device consists of a tubular nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and the microporous chitosan/collagen composite encapsulated inside it. The nanopore size of the AAO tube can be arranged by the anodization parameters to adjust the release rate and concentration, while the microporous chitosan/collagen composite can provide the device with a long-acting release property. Fabrication results indicated that the AAO tube has a uniform pore arrangement with pore size around 50 nm. And the synthesized microporous chitosan/collagen composites composites containing 90% of chitosan had the highest moisture content; therefore were used as the drug carriers. Release experiments demonstrate that the proposed long-acting drug release device had released only less than 60% of the loading drug at the 16th release day.
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Ajab Khan Kasi, Jafar Khan Kasi, Nitin Afzulpurkar, Erik Bohez, Adisorn Tuantranont, and Banchong Mahaisavariya. "Notice of Retraction: Fabrication of Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nano-porous membrane on both sides of aluminum sheet." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmee.2010.5558475.

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Hong, C., T. T. Tang, R. P. Pan, and W. Fang. "Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (NP-AAO) alignment layer on PET/ITO substrate for flexible liquid crystal display application." In 2011 IEEE 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2011.5734373.

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