Journal articles on the topic 'Annual refrigeration energy production'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Annual refrigeration energy production.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Annual refrigeration energy production.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Радченко, Микола Іванович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной, and Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ ЗА МАКСИМАЛЬНИМ ТЕМПОМ ПРИРОЩЕННЯ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ (на прикладі кондиціювання повітря енергетичного призначення)." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (October 14, 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.05.
Full textAbstract:
It is justified the necessity of taking into consideration changes in thermal loads on the air conditioning system (heat and moisture treatment of air by cooling it with decreasing temperature and moisture content) in accordance with the current climatic conditions of operation. Since the effect of air cooling depends on the duration of its use and the amount of cold consumption, it is suggested that it be determined by the amount of cold spent per year for air conditioning at the GTU inlet, that is, for annual refrigerating capacity. The example of heat-using air conditioning at the inlet of a gas turbine unite (energy–efficient air conditioning systems) analyzes the annual costs of cooling for cooling ambient air to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to temperature 10 °С – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (project) refrigerating capacity of waste heat recovery chiller.It is shown that, based on the varying rate of increment in the annual production of cold (annual refrigeration capacity) due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with current climatic conditions, it is necessary to select such a design thermal load for the air conditioning system (installed refrigeration capacity of chillers), which ensures the achievement of maximum or close to it annual production of cold at a relatively high rate of its increment. It is analyzed the dependence of the increment on the annual refrigerated capacity, relative to the installed refrigeration capacity, on the installed refrigeration capacity, in order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which provides the maximum rate of increase in the annual refrigerating capacity (annual production of cold). Based on the results of the research, it is proposed the method for determining the rational thermal load of the air conditioning system (installed – the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides nearby the maximum annual production of cold at relatively high rates of its growth
2
Ripol-Saragossi, T. L., and I. A. Smychok. "Cold production reducing energy costs using ozone-friendly refrigerants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022091.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article considers ways to reduce energy costs in the cold using ozone-safe refrigerants production. In this case, it is necessary to include an air-cooled heat exchanger-pre-condenser in the technological scheme of refrigeration. The conditions for the pre-capacitor for a certain performance selection are formulated. The results of the presented calculations prove a decrease in the annual energy consumption for cold production in comparison with the technological scheme with external cooling and a cascade system. The energy consumption reducing principle of the installation due to the air pre-condenser can also be realized by installing a heat-exchanger on the discharge of low-temperature compressors to heat water for the enterprise needs, receiving free heat energy all year round.
3
Dubey, Swapnil, and Alison Subiantoro. "Numerical Study of Integrated Solar Photovoltaic–Thermal Module with a Refrigeration System for Air-Conditioning and Hot Water Production under the Tropical Climate Conditions of Singapore." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500219.
Full textAbstract:
Thermal systems of buildings in the tropics are highly energy intensive. In this study, a novel integrated solar photovoltaic–thermal–refrigeration (PVTR) system used to produce hot water and air-conditioning in the tropical climate conditions of Singapore was analyzed. A dynamic simulation model was formulated for the analysis. Mathematical models were developed for the PV sandwich attached with a solar flat plate collector and for the main components of the refrigeration system. Thorough investigation of the electrical and thermal performances of the system were conducted through the analysis of coefficient of performance (COP), cooling capacity, water temperature and heat capacity in water heater, photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and PV efficiency. The results show that attractive electrical and thermal performance can be achieved with a maximum annual cooling COP of 9.8 and a heating COP of 11.3. The PV efficiency and power saving were 14% and 53%, respectively. The annual cooling, heating and PV energy produced were 9.7, 15.6 and 1.6[Formula: see text]MWh, respectively. The financial payback period of the system was 3.2 years and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction annually was 12.6 tons of CO2 equivalents (tCO2e).
4
Stojiljkovic, Mirko, Bratislav Blagojevic, Goran Vuckovic, Marko Ignjatovic, and Dejan Mitrovic. "Optimization of operation of energy supply systems with co-generation and absorption refrigeration." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120503179s.
Full textAbstract:
Co-generation systems, together with absorption refrigeration and thermal storage, can result in substantial benefits from the economic, energy and environmental point of view. Optimization of operation of such systems is important as a component of the entire optimization process in pre-construction phases, but also for short-term energy production planning and system control. This paper proposes an approach for operational optimization of energy supply systems with small or medium scale co-generation, additional boilers and heat pumps, absorption and compression refrigeration, thermal energy storage and interconnection to the electric utility grid. In this case, the objective is to minimize annual costs related to the plant operation. The optimization problem is defined as mixed integer nonlinear and solved combining modern stochastic techniques: genetic algorithms and simulated annealing with linear programming using the object oriented ?ESO-MS? software solution for simulation and optimization of energy supply systems, developed as a part of this research. This approach is applied to optimize a hypothetical plant that might be used to supply a real residential settlement in Nis, Serbia. Results are compared to the ones obtained after transforming the problem to mixed 0-1 linear and applying the branch and bound method.
5
Pieper, Henrik, Torben Ommen, Brian Elmegaard, Anna Volkova, and Wiebke Brix Markussen. "Optimal Design and Dispatch of Electrically Driven Heat Pumps and Chillers for a New Development Area." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0117.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLarge-scale heat pumps (HPs) and refrigeration plants are essential technologies to decarbonise the heating and cooling sector. District heating and cooling (DHC) can be supplied with low carbon footprint, if power generated from renewable energy sources is used. The simultaneous supply of DHC is often not considered in energy planning, nor the characteristics of the heat source and sink. Simplified approaches may not reveal the true potential of HPs and chillers. In this paper, different heat sources and sinks and their characteristics were considered for the simultaneous supply of DHC based on large-scale HPs and refrigeration plants. An optimization model was developed based on mixed-integer linear programming. The model is able to identify ideal production and storage capacities, heat sources and sinks based on realistic hourly operation profiles. By doing so, it is possible to identify the most economical or sustainable supply of DHC using electricity. The optimization model was applied to the Nordhavn area, a new development district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The results show that a combination of different heat sources and sinks is ideal for the case study. A HP that uses the district cooling network as a heat source to supply DHC was shown to be very efficient and economical. Groundwater and sewage water HPs were proposed for an economical supply of district heating. The Pareto frontier showed that a large reduction in annual CO2 emissions is possible for a relatively small increase in investments.
6
Pieper, Henrik, Torben Ommen, Brian Elmegaard, Anna Volkova, and Wiebke Brix Markussen. "Optimal Design and Dispatch of Electrically Driven Heat Pumps and Chillers for a New Development Area." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0117.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Large-scale heat pumps (HPs) and refrigeration plants are essential technologies to decarbonise the heating and cooling sector. District heating and cooling (DHC) can be supplied with low carbon footprint, if power generated from renewable energy sources is used. The simultaneous supply of DHC is often not considered in energy planning, nor the characteristics of the heat source and sink. Simplified approaches may not reveal the true potential of HPs and chillers. In this paper, different heat sources and sinks and their characteristics were considered for the simultaneous supply of DHC based on large-scale HPs and refrigeration plants. An optimization model was developed based on mixed-integer linear programming. The model is able to identify ideal production and storage capacities, heat sources and sinks based on realistic hourly operation profiles. By doing so, it is possible to identify the most economical or sustainable supply of DHC using electricity. The optimization model was applied to the Nordhavn area, a new development district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The results show that a combination of different heat sources and sinks is ideal for the case study. A HP that uses the district cooling network as a heat source to supply DHC was shown to be very efficient and economical. Groundwater and sewage water HPs were proposed for an economical supply of district heating. The Pareto frontier showed that a large reduction in annual CO2 emissions is possible for a relatively small increase in investments.
7
Трушляков, Євген Іванович, Микола Іванович Радченко, Андрій Миколайович Радченко, Сергій Георгійович Фордуй, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Веніамін Сергійович Ткаченко, and Богдан Сергійович Портной. "ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ ШЛЯХОМ РОЗПОДІЛУ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ЗА СТУПЕНЕВИМ ПРИНЦИПОМ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.8.07.
Full textAbstract:
Maintaining the operation of refrigeration compressors in nominal or close modes by selecting a rational design thermal load and distributing it in response to the behavior of the current thermal load according to the current climatic conditions is one of the promising reserves for improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, which implementation ensures maximum or close to it in the annual cooling production according to air conditioning duties. In general case, the total range of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system includes a range of unstable loads caused by precooling of ambient air with significant fluctuations in the cooling capacity according to current climatic conditions, and a range of relatively stable cooling capacity expended for further lowering the air temperature from a certain threshold temperature to the final outlet temperature. If a range of stable thermal load can be provided within operating a conventional compressor in a mode close to nominal, then precooling the ambient air with significant fluctuations in thermal load requires adjusting the cooling capacity by using a variable speed compressor or using the excess of heat accumulated at reduced load. Such a stage principle of cooling ensures the operation of refrigerating machines matching the behavior of current thermal loads of any air-conditioning system, whether the central air conditioning system with ambient air procession in the central air conditioner or its combination with the local indoors recirculation air conditioning systems in the air-conditioning system. in essence, as combinations of subsystems – precooling of ambient air with the regulation of cooling capacity and subsequent cooling air to the mouth of the set point temperature under relatively stable thermal load.
8
Fiaschi, Daniele, Giampaolo Manfrida, Karolina Petela, Federico Rossi, Adalgisa Sinicropi, and Lorenzo Talluri. "Exergo-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar Integrated Thermo-Electric Storage." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133484.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energies are often subject to stochastic resources and daily cycles. Energy storage systems are consequently applied to provide a solution for the mismatch between power production possibility and its utilization period. In this study, a solar integrated thermo-electric energy storage (S-TEES) is analyzed both from an economic and environmental point of view. The analyzed power plant with energy storage includes three main cycles, a supercritical CO2 power cycle, a heat pump and a refrigeration cycle, indirectly connected by sensible heat storages. The hot reservoir is pressurized water at 120/160 °C, while the cold reservoir is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, maintained at −10/−20 °C. Additionally, the power cycle’s evaporator section rests on a solar-heated intermediate temperature (95/40 °C) heat reservoir. Exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analyses are performed to identify the most critical components of the system and to obtain the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), as well as the environmental indicators of the system. Both economic and environmental analyses revealed that solar energy converting devices are burdened with the highest impact indicators. According to the results of exergo-economic analysis, it turned out that average annual LCOE of S-TEES can be more than two times higher than the regular electricity prices. However, the true features of the S-TEES system should be only fully assessed if the economic results are balanced with environmental analysis. Life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed that the proposed S-TEES system has about two times lower environmental impact than referential hydrogen storage systems compared in the study.
9
Ha, Ju-wan, Soolyeon Cho, Hwan-yong Kim, and Young-hak Song. "Annual Energy Consumption Cut-Off with Cooling System Design Parameter Changes in Large Office Buildings." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082034.
Full textAbstract:
A variety of greenhouse gas reduction scenarios have been proposed around the world to ensure sustainable developments and strengthen the global response to the climate change. To cope with this, it is urgently needed to reduce the amount of energy used for the heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigerating (HVAC&R) systems in large buildings. This study discusses the reduction of cooling energy in large office buildings through the minimization of changes in components and equipment, such as heat source equipment and pumps, changes in the layout and operating methods of chilled water circulation pumps, and changes in the temperatures of chilled and condenser water. To do this, this study targeted an entire cooling system consisting of a hydronic system, a chiller, and a cooling tower, and conducted a quantitative analysis of the energy consumption and of the reduction achieved through a change in the pumping system type in the cooling system and a change in the Korean standard design and temperature of chiller and cooling tower via EnergyPlus simulations. The simulation results showed a cooling energy reduction of 103.2 MWh/yr, around 15.7%, where the primary constant-speed system (Case A) was changed to a primary variable-speed pump (Case B) in the configuration with a chilled water circulation pump. To reduce the cooling energy further, annually 142.3 MWh, around 21.7%, Case C in this study changed the outlet temperature of the chiller and temperature difference from 7 °C, 5 K to 9 °C, 9 K. Finally, when applying a change in the condenser water production temperature from 32 to 23.9 °C in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for Case D, a cooling energy saving of 182.4 MWh/yr was observed, which is about 27.8%.
10
Sivtseva, A. I., A. S. Kurilko, A. N. Petrov, and L. V. Petrova. "The thermal condition and stability of underground tourist complex workings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 022094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022094.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article presents the development of measures to ensure the required thermal condition and recommendations for support setting of underground mine workings in the conditions of the cryolithozone, ensuring the stability of the workings and safe living conditions in the galleries of the tourist complex “The Kingdom of permafrost” (TKoP), located on the 5th km of the Vilyuysky tract in Yakutsk. The following research methods were used: field observation of the temperature condition, visual inspection of the slope and underground mining of the tourist complex, the choice of a rational type of support setting, calculation of the parameters of the support, mathematical modeling and numerical calculations of the temperature condition. The main research results are obtained: the results of field observation of the thermal condition of underground mine workings of the tourist complex “The Kingdom of permafrost” in the winter and spring period of operation, the results of visual inspection of the slope, galleries and chambers, and recommendations for ensuring stability and support setting the existing fallout zones are given. The calculation of the temperature condition of the TKoP and the required capacity of refrigeration machines was performed using the Museum CVM software package developed in the Laboratory of Mining Thermophysics of the IGDS SB RAS. To reduce the energy consumption for the production of artificial cold in the summer, it is recommended to carry out annual autumn and spring cooling charges with artificial ventilation. The recommendations for support setting mine workings have been developed.
11
Saakian, Alexander. "Improving energy efficiency of cold storage." АгроЭкоИнфо 3, no. 45 (June 3, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20213312.
Full textAbstract:
Saving resources and energy in refrigeration systems is one of the main vectors of development of the national economy of our country. One of the promising ways to solve these problems is the use of energy efficient refrigeration machines. The article discusses the main issues on the organization of energy efficient storage. In particular, the main recommendations for the design of the storage building are given; an analysis of the energy efficiency of refrigeration machines with and without VFD (variable frequency drive) is given; the main aspects of the operation of the condenser of the refrigeration unit are considered. Keywords: ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION, REGULATION, ENERGY EFFICIENCY
12
TOGASHI, Eisuke. "DEVELOPMENT OF ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION CHILLER MODEL FOR ANNUAL BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 725 (2016): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.81.615.
Full text
13
Портной, Богдан Сергійович. "ВИБІР ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ АПАРАТІВ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ ГТУ В РІЗНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВАХ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (October 14, 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.06.
Full textAbstract:
It is proposed the definition of the installed (rational) refrigeration capacity of a waste heat-recovery absorption-ejector chiller that utilizes the heat of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine unite to cool the air at the inlet. Since the effect of air cooling, in particular in the form of a reduction in the specific fuel consumption, depends on its depth (the magnitude of the decrease in air temperature) and duration, it is proposed to determine it by the annual fuel economy. As an example of air cooling at the inlet of a gas turbine unit, the value of reducing specific fuel consumption due to cooling the air at the inlet to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to 10 °C – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (design) refrigeration capacity is analyzed.It is shown that proceeding from the different rate of increment of the annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with the current climatic conditions, it is necessary to choose such design heat load for the air cooling system (installed refrigeration capacity of the chillers), which ensures the achievement of the maximum or close to annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption at relatively high rates of its increment. In order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which ensures the maximum annual refrigeration capacity (annual production of cold), the dependence of the increment of annual fuel economy from the installed refrigeration capacity is analyzed. Based on the results of the investigation, it was proposed to determine the rational thermal load of the air cooling system (installed - the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides a maximum annual reduction in the specific fuel consumption at relatively high rates of its increment
14
Seyed Sadjjadi, Bijan, Alexander Emde, and Alexander Sauer. "Energieflexibler Kältedemonstrator/Energy flexible refrigeration demonstrator." wt Werkstattstechnik online 112, no. 01-02 (2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2022-01-02-13.
Full textAbstract:
Durch die Dekarbonisierung industrieller Produktionssysteme und die Stabilisierung der Stromnetze wird die Bereitstellung von Energieflexibilität immer wichtiger. Der Energiebedarf elektrisch betriebener Kompressionskältemaschinen (KKM) kann in Kombination mit thermischen Kältespeichern auf die fluktuierende Erzeugung von erneuerbaren Energien angepasst werden und somit Energieflexibilität bereitstellen. Diese Arbeit bewertet die Funktionalität eines energieeffizienten und energieflexiblen Kältedemonstrators, der diesen Anwendungsfall abbilden soll. The decarbonization of industrial production systems and stabilization of electricity grids increases the importance of energy flexibility. Electrically operated compression chillers (CCM) can be adapted to the fluctuating generation of renewable energies in combination with a thermal cold storage to provide energy flexibility. This work evaluates the functionality of a laboratory-scale energy-flexible refrigeration demonstrator designed to replicate this use case.
15
Shiba, T., K. Ito, R. Yokoyama, S. Sakashita, and Y. Himura. "Optimal Planning of a Cascade-Type Multistage Refrigeration System for a Beverage Plant." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795992.
Full textAbstract:
An optimal planning method is presented for a cascade-type multistage refrigeration system. Heat exchange areas of evaporator, condenser, and beverage cooler are determined optimally so as to minimize the annual total cost and input energy consumption subject to constraints concerning annual equipment operation. This problem is considered as a multiobjective optimization one, and a discrete set of Pareto optimal solutions is derived numerically by a weighting method. Through a numerical study, it is investigated how the heat exchange areas influence the long-term economics and energy conservation. Cascade-type multistage refrigeration systems are compared with single-stage systems.
16
Zhang, Hong, Yun Guo, and Yaolin Lin. "Analysis of Energy Consumption of the Lyophilizer System Using Solar Absorption Refrigeration." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 12063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112063.
Full textAbstract:
To design a lyophilizer plant in Guangzhou, the author of this paper used a solar energy absorption refrigeration system and a waste heat of solar absorption refrigeration system. Using Trnsys software, the simulation results show that the solar assurance rate of 74.96% on July 28th can save coal quantity of about 236.8 kg, a solar assurance rate of 53.48% in July can save coal quantity of about 4790.9 kg, and an annual solar assurance rate of 39.06% can save about 40657.1 kg, and each have good environmental benefits.
17
Zhang, Jian Yi. "Energy Efficiency of Refrigerated Docks for Cold Stores." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.57.
Full textAbstract:
The energy efficiency and features of open docks and refrigerated docks are discussed. Two kinds of dock are analyzed under the same cold store conditions. Annual heat loads are calculated for the two cases. The results show that the annual refrigeration load of the refrigerated dock is only 31.1% of that for the open dock. The energy efficiency of the cold store, as well as the quality of refrigerated food, will obviously be improved when a refrigerated dock is adopted in a cold store.
18
L. A. B. Cortez, D. L. Larson, and A. da Silva. "ENERGY AND EXERGY EVALUATION OF ICE PRODUCTION BY ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION." Transactions of the ASAE 40, no. 2 (1997): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21264.
Full text
19
Hiles, Clayton, Scott Beatty, and Adrian de Andres. "Wave Energy Converter Annual Energy Production Uncertainty Using Simulations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse4030053.
Full text
20
Zhang, Xiaoman, Qin Shen, and Shijun Zhu. "Economic Analysis of Solar Refrigeration and Desalination System." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802021.
Full textAbstract:
The physical model and mathematical model of solar refrigeration and desalination co-generation system were established. The performance and economy of the system were analyzed by changing the three variables of refrigeration capacity, seawater desalination effects number and three different cities. The results show that increasing refrigeration capacity is conducive to improving freshwater production and increasing freshwater efficiency, but more auxiliary heat consumption is needed, the comprehensive effect is to shorten the recovery period. Increasing desalination efficiency is conducive to increasing freshwater production and freshwater efficiency, and the auxiliary heat consumption remains unchanged. The comprehensive effect is to shorten the recovery period. Solar energy is the main energy needed in the co-generation system of the three cities, and Shenzhen has the largest proportion of energy supply, which reaches 67.8%. Compared with the solar refrigeration system, the recovery period of the co-generation system can bu shortened by 18.1%.
21
Duan, Liqiang, and Zhen Wang. "Performance Study of a Novel Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123400.
Full textAbstract:
Based on a traditional integrated solar combined cycle system, a novel integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) system is proposed, which preferentially integrates the solar energy driven lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system that is used to cool the gas turbine inlet air in this paper. Both the Aspen Plus and EBSILON softwares are used to build the models of the overall system. Both the thermodynamic performance and economic performance of the new system are compared with those of the traditional ISCC system without the inlet air cooling process. The new system can regulate the proportions of solar energy integrated in the refrigerator and the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) based on the daily meteorological data, and the benefits of the solar energy integrated with the absorption refrigeration are greater than with the HRSG. The results of both the typical day performance and annual performance of different systems show that the new system has higher daily and annual system thermal efficiencies (52.90% and 57.00%, respectively), higher daily and annual solar photoelectric efficiencies (31.10% and 22.31%, respectively), and higher daily and annual solar photoelectric exergy efficiencies (33.30% and 23.87%, respectively) than the traditional ISCC system. The solar energy levelized cost of electricity of the new ISCC system is 0.181 $/kW·h, which is 0.061 $/kW·h lower than that of the traditional ISCC system.
22
Cárcel-Carrasco, Javier, Manuel Pascual-Guillamón, and Fidel Salas-Vicente. "Improve the Energy Efficiency of the Cooling System by Slide Regulating the Capacity of Refrigerator Compressors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052019.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental part of the electric consumption of the main industries of the food sector comes from the refrigeration production, needed in all production phases. Therefore, every measure that aims to optimize the electric consumption and increase the efficiency of centralized industrial refrigeration systems will help the energetic waste of the company, improving reliability and maintenance. Acting on the regulation of capacity of power compressors used can be a good way to save energy. This article shows a case studied by the authors in an industrial company in the meat industry in Spain, where the refrigeration systems have a great importance in the productive process. It displays the methodology used, the description of the taken actions and the results obtained. These combined measures brought about an improvement, with an energetic saving value reaching 400 MWh per year, leading to an equivalent in CO2 emission reduction of 147.9 tons.
23
Saengsikhiao, Piyanut, and Juntakan Taweekun. "The Data Mining Technique Using RapidMiner Software for New Zeotropic Refrigerant." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.83.1.7090.
Full textAbstract:
This research presents the development of environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration systems that new azeotropic refrigerant mixture of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrocarbon that can retrofit in the refrigeration system using R404A. The medium back pressure refrigeration testing standard that follow CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standard air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration institute (AHRI) and The properties of refrigerants and refrigeration simulation system that used national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software. The methodology uses decision tree function in datamining by rapid minor software that first of KDnuggets annual software poll that showed new azeotropic refrigerant mixture had cooling capacity, refrigerant effect, GWP and boiling point were lower than R404A but work and pressure for medium temperature refrigeration system of azeotropic refrigerant mixture were higher than R404A. The artificial intelligence (AI) by data mining technic can predictive environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration. The result of refrigerant mixed by R134A, R32, R125 and R1270 and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs and HCs which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.
24
Wagner, Johannes, Mirko Schäfer, Alexander Schlüter, Ludwig Harsch, Jens Hesselbach, Michele Rosano, and Cheng-Xian Lin. "Reducing energy demand in production environment requiring refrigeration—A localized climatization approach." HVAC&R Research 20, no. 6 (August 7, 2014): 628–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2014.929451.
Full text
25
Saidur, R., MA Sattar, H. H. Masjuki, and M. Y. Jamaluddin. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Refrigeration Equipment in Malaysia." Energy & Environment 20, no. 4 (August 2009): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830509788707266.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipments use refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, which are believed to contribute the ozone depletion and global warming. Refrigeration equipment thus contributes indirectly through emission due to electricity consumption and directly due to the emission of refrigerants. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels are quantified and presented in this paper. The calculation was carried out based on emissions per unit electricity generated and the type of fuel used. The direct emission of refrigerant was calculated based on emission factor and according to the procedure of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA. A study was conducted to evaluate the refrigerant losses to the atmosphere and the CO2 emission from fossil fuels to generate power to run the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. In this paper, total appliance annual energy consumption by refrigerator-freezer and air conditioner as well as emission has been estimated for a period of 19 years (1997–2015) using the survey data. Energy savings and emission reductions achievable by raising thermostat set point temperature have been calculated for a period of 10 (i.e. 2005–2015) years.
26
Ferrarez, Adriano Henrique, Delly Oliveira Filho, Adílio Flauzino Lacerda Filho, José Márcio Costa, and Fabrício Segui Aparisi. "Supplying the energy demand in the chicken meat processing poultry with biogas." Ingeniería e Investigación 36, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v36n1.52576.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The main use of electrical energy in the chicken meat processing unit is refrigeration. About 70% of the electricity is consumed in the compressors for the refrigeration system. Through this study, the energetic viability of using biogas from poultry litter in supplying the demand for the refrigeration process was found. The meat processing unit studied has the potential to process about a hundred and sixty thousand chickens a day. The potential biogas production from poultry litter is 60,754,298.91 m3.year-1. There will be a surplus of approximately 8,103MWh per month of electric energy generated from biogas. An economic analysis was performed considering a planning horizon of 20 years and the discount rate of 12% per year. The economic analysis was performed considering scenario 1: sale of all electricity generated by the thermoelectric facility, and scenario 2: sale of the surplus electricity generated after complying with the demands of the refrigeration process and all other electrical energy and thermal energy use. Economic indicators obtained for scenarios 1 and 2 were favorable for the project implementation.</p>
27
Almehmadi, Fahad A., and Kevin P. Hallinan. "Performance Analysis of an Integrated Solar Dehumidification System with HVAC in A Typical Corner Store in the USA." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104068.
Full textAbstract:
Food deserts have emerged in underserved urban and rural areas throughout the United States. Corner markets have filled the food voids, but generally without offering residents access to healthy food. The economics for doing so are prohibitive. The purpose of the study is to investigate an opportunity for reducing corner store energy costs in order to make possible retail of fresh produce and meat. Given the typical dominance of refrigeration to the energy cost in such stores, an integrated solar dehumidification system with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is considered. A typical corner store baseline reliant upon conventional refrigeration and HVAC equipment is defined to serve as a basis for comparison. MATLAB Simulink dynamic models are developed for the posed system and baseline model. The results show energy reduction in the refrigerated cabinets of maximally 28%, 27%, and 20%, respectively, in Dayton, OH, Phoenix, AZ, and Pine Bluff, AR. The respective HVAC energy savings are respectively 28%, 56%, and 4%. Collectively these correspond to total annual energy savings of 43%, 51%, and 53%, translating to annual energy cost savings of greater than $12K in all locations.
28
Ali, Muhammad, Julija Matevosyan, and J. V. Milanović. "Probabilistic assessment of wind farm annual energy production." Electric Power Systems Research 89 (August 2012): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2012.01.019.
Full text
29
Bellos, Evangelos, and Christos Tzivanidis. "Parametric Analysis of a Polygeneration System with CO2 Working Fluid." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 3215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073215.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the present work is the investigation of a novel polygeneration system for power, refrigeration and heating production at two temperature levels. The present system uses CO2 as the working fluid, which is an environmentally friendly fluid. The total configuration is a combination of a transcritical refrigeration cycle coupled to a Brayton cycle with recompression, which is fed by a biomass boiler. The examined system, at nominal operating conditions, produces refrigeration at 5 °C, and heating at 45 °C and 80 °C. Additionally, the system can be converted into a trigeneration system where the two heating outputs are produced at the same temperature level. The system was studied parametrically by changing the following seven critical parameters: turbine inlet temperature, high pressure, medium pressure, heat exchanger effectiveness, refrigeration temperature, heat rejection temperature and high heating temperature. In nominal operating conditions, the system energy and exergy efficiencies were 78.07% and 26.29%, respectively. For a heat input of 100 kW, the net power production was 24.50 kW, the refrigeration production was 30.73 kW, while the low and high heating production was 9.24 kW and 13.60 kW, respectively. The analysis was conducted with a developed model in Engineering Equation Solver.
30
Correa, G. A., J. A. Souza, C. Prentice-Hernández, and L. A. O. Rocha. "ENERGY AND EXERGY THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH AN ABSORPTION SYSTEM (NH3+H2O)." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v7i1.61735.
Full textAbstract:
This work proposes an energetic and exergetic thermodynamic analysis of two refrigeration systems: one is a conventional two stages cooling system by steam compression of ammonia and the other is named integrated refrigeration system. The conventional system, used as reference, is largely employed in cooling fish industry. The integrated refrigeration system is similar to the conventional one, although it uses in the intermediate cooling, between the stages of high and low pressure, cold water in closed circuit. The cold water is supplied by ammonia-water absorption system integrated to the conventional compression system. The calorific energy supplied is obtained from waste exceeding of the fish meal production thus the energy delivered tothe integrated refrigeration system is considered of zero cost. Numeric simulation is employed to compare the behavior of both systems. The results obtained in this comparison show that the integrated refrigeration system operates with a reduction of up to 19.73 % in COP. However, the integratedrefrigeration system presented an increase of up to 25.57% in exergetic efficiency and 33.09% in frigorific capacity in relation to the conventionalsystem. These results, added to the decrease of operational cost which will bequantified in a further study, will make very attractive the use of the integrated refrigeration system.
31
Galimova, L. V., D. Z. Bayramov, A. A. Dyusengaliev, and Sh Z. Bayramov. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SECONDARY ENERGY RESOURCES IN FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES USING SPECIAL REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 47, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2020-47-1-19-29.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Aim. Due to the current priority given to energy conservation issues, a promising research avenue in the field of refrigeration consists in the developing of energy-saving systems based on heat-recovery absorption refrigerators. The aim of the work is to study the possibility of using a water-ammonia absorption refrigeration machine to increase the efficiency of food production facilities.Method. Based on an analysis of the initial enterprise data, the possible operating modes of the refrigeration machine were determined considering the various types of heating and cooling sources proposed in the task specification. The identification of the characteristics of single-stage and twostage absorption schemes confirmed the possibility of increasing the enterprise's efficiency through the use of secondary energy resources. Results. The choice of initial data for the design of a singlestage absorption water-ammonia refrigeration machine (AVXM) was justified on the basis of a preliminary analysis carried out to calculate the size of the degassing interval. The calculation was carried out using a ξ – i diagram for the ammonia water solution. Conclusion. Two prior conditions for the design of a high-performance absorption water-ammonia refrigeration machine were determined on the basis of an analysis of four conditions set by the customer. For operating conditions with a low degassing interval value, a scheme for an absorption water-ammonia refrigeration machine employing two-stage absorption is proposed.
32
Zhang, Nuonan, Yun Guo, Weijian Yuan, and Yaolin Lin. "Energy-Saving Design and Energy Consumption Analysis of a New Vacuum Refrigerator." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020203.
Full textAbstract:
With the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, fossil energy is becoming increasingly exhausted. Optimizing energy structure and saving energy and reducing consumption are the top priority. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, vacuum refrigerator has been greatly applied and popularized in various fields, such as food production, medicine and biology. However, in the actual operation process, the energy consumption of vacuum refrigerator is high, which does not meet the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. The inner and outer push–pull structure of the sealing door makes it occupy too much space when opening the door, which is very inconvenient. In this paper, a vacuum refrigeration energy-saving device and the TRNSYS 16 software are used to simulate the energy-saving device. The results show that the device can reduce the number of vacuum refrigeration pumps and greatly reduce the loss of energy consumption. In addition, the new sealing door structure can also reduce the space occupied during its expansion and improve the utilization of space.
33
Belusko, Martin, Raymond Liddle, Alemu Alemu, Edward Halawa, and Frank Bruno. "Performance Evaluation of a CO2 Refrigeration System Enhanced with a Dew Point Cooler." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061079.
Full textAbstract:
Dew point cooling (DPC) is a novel indirect evaporative cooling concept capable of delivering air temperatures approaching the dew point. Coupling this technology with CO2 refrigeration is well suited to minimising transcritical operation when the coefficient of performance (COP) is dramatically reduced in hot climates. A substantial experimental program was conducted to characterise this combination by testing a 20 kW CO2 refrigeration system subject to ambient temperatures above 40 °C. It was demonstrated that DPC operation not only avoided transcritical operation during such weather conditions, but also increased the COP by up to 140% compared to the conventional system. The combination of these technologies was successfully mathematically modelled, from which the optimum condenser inlet air temperature was identified for each condenser temperature. Using this optimum condition, it was possible to maximise the COP for a range of conditions applicable to the psychometric chart. An annual case study for Adelaide, Australia was conducted which demonstrated that optimally coupling DPC with CO2 refrigeration can reduce the annual energy consumption and peak demand by 16% and 47%, respectively, compared to a conventional CO2 booster system. Furthermore, the number of hours of transcritical operation was reduced from 3278 to 27.
34
Zhuk, H. V., O. I. Pyatnichko, L. R. Onopa, and Yu V. Ivanov. "ENERGY EFFICIENT NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGIES IN LOW-TONNAGE PLANTS: UKRAINE’S PROSPECTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2020.1.
Full textAbstract:
Along with the growth of natural gas consumption in the world, small-scale production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is developing at a faster pace. It opens up the possibility of LNG obtaining and transporting as a commodity product at remote from gas networks fields or wells, and also at low-production wells and alternative sources of methane-containing gas. The development of modern technologies for natural gas liquefaction has been studied and the liquefaction cycles used in the low-tonnage scale have been classified. In Ukraine, rather large reserves of natural gas are found in small as well as depleted fields, so the problem of energy efficient technologies for liquefaction and transportation of their hydrocarbon resources creating is of particular relevance. For the development of such low-resource fields, liquefaction units operating on the compression-throttle cycle are most suitable. Energy efficient technological schemes of natural gas liquefaction plants have been developed: in the high-pressure throttle-ejector cycle with pre-cooling using a propane refrigerating machine and in the middle-pressure throttle cycle with ethane refrigeration cycle and the recovery of part of the liquefied gas. Optimum parameters of the refrigeration cycle and the whole plant are obtained from the point of view of minimizing the specific energy costs. The advantages of the proposed throttle schemes are simplicity, reliability, that are results from the use of standard compressor and refrigeration equipment, and energy efficiency of 0.5 kWh/kg LNG, which is sufficiently high for low-tonnage LNG production. Ref. 20, Fig. 6, Tab.1.
35
Трушляков, Євген Іванович. "МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕМУ ХЛАДОСНАБЖЕНИЮ СИСТЕМ КОНДИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ВОЗДУХА АДАПТАЦИЕЙ К ТЕКУЩИМ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИМ УСЛОВИЯМ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (October 14, 2018): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.08.
Full textAbstract:
The methodological approach was suggested to define a rational heat load of the air conditioning system (ACS) with taking into consideration the current climatic conditions of operation. The proposed approach is based on the hypothesis of sharing the current changeable heat load on the relatively stable share as the basic one for choosing installed (designed) refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration machine, operating with high energy efficiency in nominal or similar modes, and unstable heat load, corresponding to ambient air precooling at changeable current temperatures. To prove the methodological approach to defining a rational heat load of the ACS was carried out the analysis of current values of heat loads of the refrigeration machine ACS during cooling ambient air from its changeable current temperature to the temperature of 10, 15 and 20 ºС . It is shown that due to the different rates of annular refrigeration capacity production increment to cover the current heat loads with increasing the installed refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration machine, caused by the changes in heat load according to current climatic conditions during all the year round, it is necessary to choose a such heat load on the refrigeration machine of ACS (its installed refrigeration capacity), that provides a maximum or similar annular refrigeration capacity production at relatively high rates of its increment. Therein, the value of heat load for ambient air precooling is calculated according to remained principle as the difference between the rational total heat load and its basic relatively stable share. The proposed method is useful for defining a basic installed refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration machine of ACS with the accumulation of excessive (unapplied) refrigeration capacity at lowered current heat loads on ACS and its application for ambient air precooling, that is for covering unstable heat load share on ACS
36
Liu, Qiang, Shu Chen Yang, and Jun Wang. "Intelligent Vehicle Based on Solar Power Generation and Semiconductor Refrigeration Air Conditioner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1547.
Full textAbstract:
To solve the car in the sun after the problem of high temperature inside the car, to make the intelligent vehicle based on solar power generation and semiconductor refrigeration air conditioning, the solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy, in our production based on ARM architecture - M3 processor core LM3S615 micro controller of solar power controller under the control of the converted to battery power, battery supply power to refrigeration semiconductor under the controller control of semiconductor refrigeration elements side pick up the car refrigeration is reduce the interior temperature, heating surface pickup in vitro heat pipes for heat transfer to the outside of the car, and the car is equipped with temperature sensors to detect the temperature inside the car can, when the temperature reaches a set temperature refers to the controller control battery supply power to refrigeration piece to reduce the temperature inside the car, when the temperature is lower than a set temperature controller to control battery direction to the cooling power to improve the temperature inside the car, achieve the result of intelligent temperature control of the car, to reduce pollution, save energy and has strong practical value.
37
Amaral, Francisco, Alex Santos, Ewerton Calixto, Fernando Pessoa, and Delano Santana. "Exergetic Evaluation of an Ethylene Refrigeration Cycle." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 3753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143753.
Full textAbstract:
The production of light olefins by selective steam cracking is an energy-intensive process, and ethylene and propylene refrigeration cycles are key parts of it. The objective of this study was to identify opportunities for energy savings in an ethylene refrigeration cycle through an exergetic analysis. Two main causes of lower operational efficiency were identified: (1) Lower polytropic efficiency of the refrigerant compressor and (2) operating with the compressor mini-flow valve open to ensure reliability. The evaluation showed that the amount of irreversibilities generated by the cycle in operation is 22% higher than that predicted by the original design, which represents a 14% lower exergy efficiency. There is a potential savings of 0.20 MW in the cycle’s energy consumption with the implementation of the following improvements: recover refrigerant compressor efficiency by performing maintenance on the equipment and optimize the flow distribution between the recycle valve, the level control valve, and the temperature control valve.
38
Huang, Tao, and Dong Li Yuan. "Application of Heat Pump Water Heating System with Heat Recovery in Ammonia Refrigeration System." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.670.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a heat pump water heating system with waste heat recovery in ammonia refrigeration system was put forward, based on the practical project analysis of energy demand and waste heat emission. Based on the operating characteristics of ammonia refrigeration system, the ammonia heat exchanger was designed to be installed in series on the ammonia main pipe, which can ensure the system operate efficiently and reliably. Through the analysis of measured data, significant economic benefits had been brought about by using the heat pump water heating system. This project can save 2.19 million RMB in annual operating cost, and the investment recovery period will be only 1.5 years. The heat pump water heating system has excellent development prospect.
39
Feng, Xiao Ping, Hang Ming Wu, and Wei Ding Long. "Optimal Layout of Pipe Network of District Cooling System in Shanghai EXPO Park." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3064.
Full textAbstract:
The layout of district cooling pipeline network is a typical combinational optimization problem. Taking the minimum annual total cost of pipeline network as the optimization target, this article applied the single parent genetic algorithm in optimum arrangement of aqueous cooling system pipe network of the First Energy Station in Shanghai Expo Park, which has given a scheme of arrangement with minimum tentative investment and operation cost to provide basis for scheme assessment and decision-making. The study shows that the application can provide not only many optimal arrangements for pipe network which has the same refrigeration station to make basis for scheme assessment and decision-making, but also the basis for choosing the best position of refrigeration station.
40
Martínez-Calahorro, Antonio Javier, Gabino Jiménez-Castillo, Catalina Rus-Casas, Pedro Gómez-Vidal, and Francisco José Muñoz-Rodríguez. "Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Industrial Cooling and Refrigeration." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122204.
Full textAbstract:
The industrial sector has a great opportunity to reduce its energy costs through distributed generation. In this sense, the potential of photovoltaic self-consumption systems in the industrial cooling and refrigeration sector is shown. Two industries with photovoltaic self-consumption installations are shown and the electricity consumption profile of this type of industry which has a remarkable basal electricity consumption during daytime is analyzed. The matching between consumption and photovoltaic generation profiles is provided through the self-consumption and self-sufficiency curves considering different reporting periods (monthly and annual). Moreover, a new index is presented: self-sufficiency index for sunshine hours, φSS,SH. This index evaluates the performance of the photovoltaic self-consumption system when facing the consumption only during sunshine hours. This index may complement the self-sufficiency index and may improve the analysis of this type of systems in the industrial sector. Self-consumption indices of 90% may be provided. Moreover, self-sufficiency indices for total (24 h) and for sunshine hours of 25% and 50%, respectively, for industry A, and 26% and 45% for industry B have been obtained. During daytime, half the load consumption in this type of industry may be covered by photovoltaics while achieving high levels of use of the photovoltaic energy generated.
41
Yang, Zongming, Mykola Radchenko, Andrii Radchenko, Dariusz Mikielewicz, and Roman Radchenko. "Gas Turbine Intake Air Hybrid Cooling Systems and a New Approach to Their Rational Designing." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041474.
Full textAbstract:
Gas turbine intake air cooling (TIAC) by exhaust gas heat recovery chillers is a general trend to improve turbine fuel efficiency at increased ambient temperatures. The high efficiency absorption lithium–bromide chillers of a simple cycle are the most widely used, but they are unable to cool inlet air lower than 15 °C. A two-stage hybrid absorption–ejector chillers were developed with absorption chiller as a high temperature stage and ejector chiller as a low temperature stage to subcool air from 15 °C to 10 °C and lower. A novel trend in TIAC by two-stage air cooling in hybrid chillers has been substantiated to provide about 50% higher annual fuel saving in temperate climate as compared with absorption cooling. A new approach to reduce practically twice design cooling capacity of absorption chiller due to its rational distribution with accumulating excessive refrigeration energy at decreased thermal loads to cover the picked demands and advanced design methodology based on it was proposed. The method behind this is issued from comparing a behavior of the characteristic curves of refrigeration energy required for TIAC with its available values according to various design cooling capacities to cover daily fluctuation of thermal loads at reduced by 15 to 20% design cooling capacity and practically maximum annual fuel reduction.
42
Catalán-Gil, Jesús, Daniel Sánchez, Rodrigo Llopis, Laura Nebot-Andrés, and Ramón Cabello. "Energy Evaluation of Multiple Stage Commercial Refrigeration Architectures Adapted to F-Gas Regulation." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071915.
Full textAbstract:
This work analyses different refrigeration architectures for commercial refrigeration providing service to medium and low temperature simultaneously: HFC/R744 cascade, R744 transcritical booster, R744 transcritical booster with parallel compression, R744 transcritical booster with gas ejectors, R513A cascade/R744 subcritical booster, and R513A cascade/R744 subcritical booster with parallel compression. The models were developed using compressor manufacturers’ data and real restrictions of each system component. Limitations and operating range of each component and architecture were analysed for environment temperatures from 0 to 40 °C considering thermal loads and environment temperature profiles for warm climates. For booster systems, cascade with subcritical booster with parallel compression provide highest coefficient of performance (COP) for temperatures below 12 °C and above 30 °C with COP increases compared basic booster up to 60.6%, whereas for transcritical boosters, architecture with gas ejectors obtains the highest COP with COP increases compared to the basic booster up to 29.5%. In annual energy terms, differences among improved booster systems are below 8% in the locations analysed. In Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) terms, booster architectures get the lowest values with small differences between improved boosters.
43
Kowalski, Gregory J., and Mansour Zenouzi. "Selection of Distributed Power-Generating Systems Based on Electric, Heating, and Cooling Loads." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 128, no. 3 (March 8, 2006): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2213275.
Full textAbstract:
A generalized thermodynamic model is developed to describe combined cooling, heating, and power generating systems. This model is based on reversible power generation and refrigeration devices with practical, irreversible heat exchanger processes. It provides information on a system’s performance and allows easy comparisons among different systems at different loading conditions. Using both the first and second laws as well as the carbon dioxide production rate allows one to make a first-order system assessment of its energy usage and environment impact. The consistency of the exergy destruction rate and the first law performance ensures that the thermodynamic system boundaries are correctly and completely defined. The importance of the total thermal load to the required power ratio (HLRP) as a scaling parameter is demonstrated. A number of trends for limited conditions can be delineated even though the reported results confirmed that generalized trends are not identifiable because of the systems’ complexities. The results demonstrate that the combined vapor compression∕absorption refrigeration has higher first law utilization factors and lower carbon dioxide production rate for systems with high refrigeration to total thermal load ratios for all HLRP values. Fuel cell systems outperform engine systems for large refrigeration load applications. An illustration of combining these results to an economic analysis is presented.
44
Jovanović, Branislav, Miloš Maljković, Dragan Stamenković, and Vladimir Popović. "Fuel savings by using better-quality insulation in refrigerated vans." Industrija 49, no. 1 (2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija49-31337.
Full textAbstract:
An additional attention must be payed to the energy efficiency of refrigerated vans transporting perishable foodstuffs, because inefficient operation of refrigeration units installed on these vehicles increases fuel consumption and exhaust gases emissions. The amount of fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit drive can be reduced in many ways. This paper is analysing the impact of thermal insulation quality on the fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit installed on a typical van. The results of the research show that by choosing better-quality thermal insulation around € 420 can be saved annually on fuel consumed by mechanical refrigeration unit driven by vehicle's engine while transporting deeply frozen fish at -20 °C (or other foodstuffs at given temperature). If the van is transporting raw meat (for example) at 0 °C annual savings can be around € 110. When the van is used for transport of deeply frozen fish the investment will pay off after 3.5 years of vehicle exploitation, while if the raw meat is transported the investment will pay off after approximately 14 years. The analysis includes the price of insulating the van, current fuel price in Serbia, as well as the average monthly temperatures in the territory of Belgrade, Serbia.
45
Yang, Shutong, Youlei Wang, and Yufei Wang. "Optimization of Cascade Cooling System Based on Lithium Bromide Refrigeration in the Polysilicon Industry." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091681.
Full textAbstract:
Cascade cooling systems containing different cooling methods (e.g., air cooling, water cooling, refrigerating) are used to satisfy the cooling process of hot streams with large temperature spans. An effective cooling system can significantly save energy and costs. In a cascade cooling system, the heat load distribution between different cooling methods has great impacts on the capital cost and operation cost of the system, but the relative optimization method is not well established. In this work, a cascade cooling system containing waste heat recovery, air cooling, water cooling, absorption refrigeration, and compression refrigeration is proposed. The objective is to find the optimal heat load distribution between different cooling methods with the minimum total annual cost. Aspen Plus and MATLAB were combined to solve the established mathematical optimization model, and the genetic algorithm (GA) in MATLAB was adopted to solve the model. A case study in a polysilicon enterprise was used to illustrate the feasibility and economy of the cascade cooling system. Compared to the base case, which only includes air cooling, water cooling, and compression refrigeration, the cascade cooling system can reduce the total annual cost by USD 931,025·y−1 and save 7,800,820 kWh of electricity per year. It also can recover 3139 kW of low-grade waste heat, and generate and replace a cooling capacity of 2404 kW.
46
Al-Hemeri, Dr Shurooq Talib, Dr Mumtaz A. Yousif, and Dr Ahmed M. AL Barifcani. "Optimization of Ethylene Refrigeration System Using Genetic Algorithms Method." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i1.157.
Full textAbstract:
Ethylene refrigeration for gases separation at low temperature and high pressure for olefin production is an important technique in the chemical industry. Since small changes in the operating conditions of such a process can have a significant influence on its economics, optimization is desirable. The present work was aimed to propose and establish a mathematical model for the ethylene refrigeration system of the ethylene plant in Basrah petrochemical complex NO.1 (PC1) and reformulated as a geometric programming problem using Visual Basic for predicting:- (overall efficiency of the ethylene refrigeration system {% }and percent of energy saving %E). Through the formulated model shaft work consumption by the centrifugal compressor, refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance of the system were obtained and other parameters concerning the system. The results of simulation showed a good agreement with the manufacturer manual.In this study the effect of four factors as independent variables on the overall refrigeration system efficiency and percent of energy saving were studied ;evaporator low pressure (PL) in the range of (1-3)bar ,compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) in the range of ( 28-32)bar ,condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) in the range of (6-22)0C and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) in the range of (1-5)0C. And the optimum conditions that aimed to minimize the thermodynamic irreversibility i.e (maximize overall refrigeration system efficiency) and also lower operating cost i.e (maximize percent of energy saving) evaporator low pressure (PL) (2.8 bar), compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) (28.7 bar), condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) (190C), and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) (3.40C). At these conditions the overall refrigeration system efficiency is (81.8%) and percent of energy saving is 51.18% with respect to conditions in the factory.
47
Parvez, Mohd, and Abdul Khaliq. "Exergy analysis of a syngas fuelled cogeneration cycle for combined production of power and refrigeration." International Journal of Exergy 14, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2014.059510.
Full text
48
Pokhrel, Sajjan, Ali Fahrettin Kuyuk, Hosein Kalantari, and Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh. "Techno-Economic Trade-Off between Battery Storage and Ice Thermal Energy Storage for Application in Renewable Mine Cooling System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 6022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176022.
Full textAbstract:
This paper performs a techno-economic assessment in deploying solar photovoltaics to provide energy to a refrigeration machine for a remote underground mine. As shallow deposits are rapidly depleting, underground mines are growing deeper to reach resources situated at greater depths. This creates an immense challenge in air-conditioning as the heat emissions to mine ambient increases substantially as mines reach to deeper levels. A system-level design analysis is performed to couple PV with a refrigeration plant capable of generating 200 tonne of ice per day to help to mitigate this issue. Generated ice can directly be used in cooling deep underground mines via different types of direct heat exchangers. State-of-the-art technology is used in developing the model which aims to decrease the size and cost of a conventional refrigeration system run on a diesel generator. Costs associated with deploying a solar system are computed as per the recent market value. Energy savings, carbon emissions reduction, and net annual savings in employing the system are quantified and compared to a diesel-only scenario. In addition, two different energy storage strategies: an ice storage system and a battery storage system, are compared. A detailed economic analysis is performed over the life of the project to obtain the net cash flow diagram, payback period, and cumulative savings for both systems. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is proposed to highlight the effect of solar intensity on solar system size and the area required for installment. The study suggests that the use of solar PV in mine refrigeration applications is technically feasible and economically viable depending on the sun-peak hours of the mine location. Additionally, the economics of deploying an ice storage system compared to the battery storage system has a better payback period and more cumulative savings.
49
Garcia, João M., and Armando Rosa. "Theoretical Study of an Intermittent Water-Ammonia Absorption Solar System for Small Power Ice Production." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123346.
Full textAbstract:
This article is dedicated to the design, calculation and dimensioning of a small powered refrigeration system (132W) which produces ice bars (freezing) using solar thermal power, and resorts to an intermittent cycle absorption circuit with a water-ammonia mixture (H2O-NH3). The aim of this equipment is to minimize problems faced in places where there is no electric network to supply traditional refrigeration systems which preserve perishable products produced or stocked there, as well as drugs (vaccines), namely for specific regions of developing countries. The system developed can be divided into two parts. The intermittent cycle absorption refrigeration system uses a binary water-ammonia solution (H2O-NH3), where water is the absorber and the ammonia is the coolant and the thermal solar system. This is made up of CPC flat plate thermal collectors or vacuum tubes in which solar energy heats the water that circulates in the primary circuit. In the absorption circulation system, circulation occurs in a natural way due to the fluids affinity, and the temperature and pressure internal variations. This article shows the assumptions underlying the conception, calculation and dimensioning of the system’s construction.
50
Zeitoun, Obida. "Two-Stage Evaporative Inlet Air Gas Turbine Cooling." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051382.
Full textAbstract:
Gas turbine inlet air-cooling (TIAC) is an established technology for augmenting gas turbine output and efficiency, especially in hot regions. TIAC using evaporative cooling is suitable for hot, dry regions; however, the cooling is limited by the ambient wet-bulb temperature. This study investigates two-stage evaporative TIAC under the harsh weather of Riyadh city. The two-stage evaporative TIAC system consists of indirect and direct evaporative stages. In the indirect stage, air is precooled using water cooled in a cooling tower. In the direct stage, adiabatic saturation cools the air. This investigation was conducted for the GE 7001EA gas turbine model. Thermoflex software was used to simulate the GE 7001EA gas turbine using different TIAC systems including evaporative, two-stage evaporative, hybrid absorption refrigeration evaporative and hybrid vapor-compression refrigeration evaporative cooling systems. Comparisons of different performance parameters of gas turbines were conducted. The added annual profit and payback period were estimated for different TIAC systems.