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Heinken, Thilo. "Migration of an annual myrmecochore : a four year experiment with Melampyrum pratense L." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/586/.
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A seed sowing experiment was conducted in a mixed secondary woodland on acidic soils in NE Germany with Melampyrum pratense, an annual ant-dispersed forest herb which lacks a natural population in the study area, but is abundant in similar habitats. Each set of 300 seeds was sown within one square metre at three sites in 1997, and the development of the populations was recorded from 1998 onward. Additionally, seed fall patterns were studied in a natural population by means of adhesive cardboard. All trials resulted in the recruitment of populations, which survived and increased in both individual
number and area, up to the year 2001. Thus, local distribution of Melampyrum pratense is dispersallimited. Total individual number increased from 105 to 3,390, and total population area from 2.07 to 109.04 m². Migration occurred in all directions. Mean migration rate was 0.91 m per year, and the
highest migration rate was 6.48 m. No individual was recorded beyond 7.63 m from the centres of the sawn squares after three years, suggesting exclusive short-distance dispersal. As primary dispersal enables only distances of up to 0.25 m, ants are presumed to be the main dispersal vectors. Despite differences
in individual number and colonization patterns, migration rates did not differ significantly between the populations, but were significantly higher in 2001 due to an increased population size. Colonization patterns were characterized by a rapid, negative exponential decrease of population density with increasing
distance from the sown plot, suggesting a colonization by establishment of more or less isolated outposts of individuals and a subsequent gradual infill of the gaps between. My results resemble myrmecochorous dispersal distances in temperate woodlands, and migration rates and patterns across ecotones from ancient to recent deciduous forests. They may function as a colonization model of Melampyrum pratense after accidental long-distance dispersal.
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Pagel, Robert Kyle III. "Annual Cycle Demography, Habitat Associations, and Migration Ecology in Red-headed Woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556880764606001.
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TERRA, FELIPE DE SOUZA. "GAS MIGRATION IN WELL ANNULAR DURING PMCD OPERATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33699@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A técnica de Perfuração com Gerenciamento de Pressão está em crescente expansão no contexto das operações marítimas. Devido à complexidade dos reservatórios e das novas fronteiras de exploração e produção de petróleo, a perfuração com Gerenciamento de Pressão se apresenta como uma forma de redução de custo e aumento da segurança operacional para um grande volume das reservas de petróleo. Em alguns casos, a tecnologia é utilizada como viabilizadora, sendo a única forma de se perfurar os poços. Neste cenário, o entendimento do comportamento de migração de gás, quando da aplicação da técnica de Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD), permite a elaboração do projeto de poço mais econômico além de contribuir para o aumento da segurança operacional. O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo matemático capaz de simular o comportamento da perda de fluido de perfuração para a formação com a ocorrência de influxo simultâneo e da migração de gás para a superfície, durante a perfuração com esta técnica, com robustez. É utilizado o modelo bifásico Drift-Flux associado ao método numérico Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSMV) para simular o comportamento descrito anteriormente. Antes da apresentação de estudos de casos de simulação com migração de gás, os resultados de cenários mais simples são comparados com os resultados de um software comercial tido, como referência na indústria para validação do programa. Através dos casos simulados é possível verificar a robustez do modelo matemático proposto, que se mostra capaz de fornecer respostas compatíveis quanto ao comportamento esperado do gás. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite estabelecer procedimentos para o monitoramento do que ocorre no poço de forma a otimizar as operações de bullhead no cenário de PMCD.
The use of the Manage Pressure Drilling (MPD) is spreading in offshore operations. The increasing complexity in the new exploratory frontiers is demanding for new techniques to reduce costs and increase operational safety. MPD appears as an answer for that demand and sometimes it is the only viable way to drill some of the challenging wells. In that way, understanding the gas migration behavior while drilling in PMCD mode allows an optimized well design concerning cost and operational safety. The present study validates a mathematical model capable of simulating a scenario where loss of drilling fluid in the bottom of the well is present while having an influx from the same reservoir and observing gas migration to the surface in a PMCD operation. A Drift Flux Two Phase Flow Model is used in association with the Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSMV). Before the presentation and discussion of the complete PMCD scenario, two simple cases were simulated and the results were compared to the ones from a computer application considered as a reference to the industry, validating the proposed model. The results of the simulations can be used as a base for the elaboration of operational procedures to monitor gas behavior and optimize bullhead in PMCD scenarios.
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Chan, Cegeon J. "Annular modes in multiple migrating zonal jet regime." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34569.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
Recent studies have linked hemispheric climate variability to annular modes, zonally symmetric structures that describe the horizontal redistribution of atmospheric mass. The resulting changes in the pressure patterns consequently alter the atmospheric circulation, including the movement of zonal jets in the atmosphere. While the literature contains much observational evidence describing these annular modes, the fundamental dynamics in the perpetuation of the annular modes still remains poorly understood. We investigate the dynamics of the annular modes using the MITGCM, a semi-hemispheric ocean model. The forcings imposed in the model are an atmospheric wind stress and relaxation to a latitudinal temperature profile, which induces a baroclinically unstable flow. Despite such an idealized setup, the model output shows striking similarities to the observed atmospheric annular modes, where the leading mode of variability is associated with the primary zonal jet's meridional displacement. By convention, when the zonal jet is poleward (equatorward) of its time-mean position, the principal component (PC) of the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) is positive (negative) and is referred to as the high (low) zonal index.
(cont.) In the model, systematic secondary (weaker) jets migrate equatorward into the primary jet. The total eddy forcing associated with the migrating jets aids in sustaining the primary jet in the presence of frictional forces. Plots of the anomalous eddy fields for both indexes show that the strongest eddy activity in the main jet is associated with the high zonal index. The zonal flow anomalies, which systematically migrate into the poleward flank of the main jet, are largely responsible for causing this positively anomalous eddy forcing. This asymmetrical forcing to the primary jet results in the zonal index variability. In this thesis, the dynamics associated with the secondary jets and its equatorward migration will be examined. We will show that when (1) the sphericity of the earth is accounted for, (2) the interior PV is homogenized, and (3) the width of the baroclinically unstable region exceeds the Rhines scale by several factors, multiple zonal jets emerge and migrate equatorward.
by Cegeon J. Chan.
S.M.
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Stein, Kristie Anne. "Filling gaps in the full annual cycle of the Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532001612265579.
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Corder, Keely. "REGULATION OF ADIPOSITY BY PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS GAMMA AND ALPHA ACROSS THE ANNUAL CYCLE OF A MIGRANT, THE GRAY CATBIRD (DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406818042.
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Willgård, Jens. "Framing Migration : A study on FRONTEX’s framing of migration during the European refugee crisis." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-179776.
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Over the past years, a body of literature have emerged exploring FRONTEX’s work along the EU’s borders. It suggests that FRONTEX not only frame migration as a security issue, but also as a humanitarianist issue. The literature argues the framing of migration as both an issue of security and humanitarianism legitimizes FRONTEX’s operations in the Mediterranean. However, there is a lack of understanding in how FRONTEX frames migration at the Western Balkans border, one of the EU’s busiest borders and indeed the busiest during the summer of 2015, registering over a million migrants. Therefore, by investigating how FRONTEX framed migration at the Western Balkans border between the years 2014-2017, this thesis sets out to make a unique contribution to the research field, furthering the understanding of how FRONTEX as an organization frames migration. To examine FRONTEX’s framing of migration, a theoretical framework consisting of theories of framing, risk and threat construction, and humanitarianism is deployed. The concepts of framing devices and reasoning devices are used in a qualitative content analysis to identify the presence of frames in the material consisting of FRONTEX published reports and press releases. The empirical results indicate that FRONTEX frames migration in the Western Balkans as primarily a security issue through language connecting migration to risk and threat. The humanitarianist frame, mainly evoked by references to migrants’ vulnerability, appears relatively few times in contrast to the security frame.
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Minh, Hua Van. "Modélisation de la migration des fibres textiles au cours du processus de filature à anneau-curseur." Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0029.
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Alkarp, Lars Jesper. "Establishing a Culture of Migration : The Spatial, Economic, and Social Planning of Philippine-Korean Labour Migration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343257.
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Since the second half of the 20th century the Philippines have supplied the world with migrant workers. Today, almost one tenth of the population is residing abroad. Labour migration has become an important source of revenue to both state and private actors through remittances, for the Philippines, and a source of cheap labour battling labour shortage, in the receiving countries. Today, the global labour market is a distinct and important part of what we call globalisation. This is portrayed in this thesis through the lens of Philippine-Korean labour migration. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the emergence of migrants as a commodity for export, the institutionalised creation of migrants, the normalisation of labour migration, and containment of migrants through legal and spatial constraints, in Manila and in Seoul. This thesis look at the ways in which labour migration, as an economic policy, is internalised and transformed into a culture of migration. I argue that the effects of a culture of migration is felt not just by the labour migrants themselves, but also by their families and by the Philippines as a whole. As such, the reliance on remittances as a source of income has transformed domestic and global infrastructures as well as norms and social behaviour. Moreover, this thesis aims to add to the discussion on migration and remittances by exploring social dimensions and consequences of the globalisation of the labour market.
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Skinner, Aaron. "Using GPS-Tracking to Fill Knowledge Gaps in the Full Annual Cycle of an Elusive Aerial Insectivore in Steep Decline." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1626886599137179.
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Horvat, Hargita. "To Menstruate In Peace : Embodied experiences of menstruation during migration." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149445.
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Female specific experiences of migration arelacking in mainstream migration studies, even though women make up almost half of the demographic of migrating people. Based on qualitative narrative interviews with six women the primary aim of this thesis is to show how the women negotiated their migrations from a primarily embodied theoretical approach which focuses on feelings in and ofthe body in relation to menstruation within the context of migration. The importance of viewing context or rather situationas constitutive for how women can ‘be’ or ‘not be’ women is decisive for the embodiment approach and provides an understanding for the prescriptive nature of norms in general and gender norms in particular. Overall, the situation of migration positioned the female gender norm and the innate bodily function of menstruation as a counterforce of agency for the women, severely limiting their scopes of agency leading to fear, hyper vigilance and self-policingin a manner that the women did not experience was present for men surrounding them. The additional mental strain that menstruation placedon the women severely aggravated their experiences of migration, a mental strain that was solely connected to fear in relation to their bodies.Grade: A
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Rabouille, Sophie. "Modélisation de la dynamique des réserves carbonées chez microcystis et de son influence sur la migration verticale : simulation d'une population sur un cycle annuel." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30235.
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Blessing, Mushiarhamina. "Migration and Development : A case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151297.
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Sweden is a developed country whereas DRC is a developing country, and both are countries of migration and immigration. Taking these two countries as a case study in migration and development brings out a better understanding that good labour migration policy facilitates all actors to realize the benefits of migrant workers through labour and remittances. DRC’s paradoxical natural resources attract many international migrants. But it faces political and economic instability which are considered as push factors for Congolese migrants to leave their country and look for asylum, and economic betterment in Africa and beyond, especially in industrialised countries. DRC is one of the richest nations in the world with about 1,100 diverse kinds of minerals, and yet it is still one of the poorest countries in the world. Using qualitative method based on historical approach, findings show that migrant workers are workforces and they contribute to economic development in both sending and receiving countries through their labour and remittances sent back home. But these findings are contested, and they bring out debate and discussions.
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Abo, Hassan Hadil. "Refugees’ perspectives toward the Extra Service jobs : A case study about how refugees view their participation within the Extra Service job." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45247.
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This thesis aims to investigate the refugees' experiences when it comes to their participation within the Extra Service job; which is the subsidized job that the Public Employment Service offers to the refugees as part of their integration process. This thesis investigates the thoughts, perspectives, and experiences of the refugees involved in the Extra Service jobs based on conducting fifteen semi-structured interviews. The research findings indicate that the Extra Service job had a positive impact on many refugees, as they used their refugees' agency to gain new human capital, however, this thesis suggests that being involved in such a subsidized job could lead to imprisoning the refugees within the low ranked jobs in the labor market. Throughout this thesis, Human Capital Theory, Segmented Dual Labor Market Theory, and the refugees' agency were used as the theoretical background of the thesis. The thesis contributes to understanding the subjective side of integration in addition to enriching the literature of subsidized jobs when they are to be used for the sake of the refugees' integration. Keywords: Extra Service job, subsidized job, refugee agency, human capital, dual labor market, secondary segment.
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Weckmann, Armin. "Material migration in tokamaks : Erosion-deposition patterns and transport processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fusionsplasmafysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209758.
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Controlled thermonuclear fusion may become an attractive future electrical power source. The most promising of all fusion machine concepts is called a tokamak. The fuel, a plasma made of deuterium and tritium, must be confined to enable the fusion process. It is also necessary to protect the wall of tokamaks from erosion by the hot plasma. To increase wall lifetime, the high-Z metal tungsten is foreseen as wall material in future fusion devices due to its very high melting point. This thesis focuses on the following consequences of plasma impact on a high-Z wall: (i) erosion, transport and deposition of high-Z wall materials; (ii) fuel retention in tokamak walls; (iii) long term effects of plasma impact on structural machine parts; (iv) dust production in tokamaks. An extensive study of wall components has been conducted with ion beam analysis after the final shutdown of the TEXTOR tokamak. This unique possibility offered by the shutdown combined with a tracer experiment led to the largest study of high-Z metal migration and fuel retention ever conducted. The most important results are: - transport is greatly affected by drifts and flows in the plasma edge; - stepwise transport along wall surfaces takes place mainly in the toroidal direction; - fuel retention is highest on slightly retracted wall elements; - fuel retention is highly inhomogeneous. A broad study on structural parts of a tokamak has been conducted on the TEXTOR liner. The plasma impact does neither degrade mechanical properties nor lead to fuel diffusion into the bulk after 26 years of duty time. Peeling deposition layers on the liner retain fuel in the order of 1g and represent a dust source. Only small amounts of dust are found in TEXTOR with overall low deuterium content. Security risks in future fusion devices due to dust explosions or fuel retention in dust are hence of lesser concern.QC 20170630
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Eberstein, Hanna. "Var går gränsen? : En politisk filosofisk argumentationsanalys om gränser, människor och mänskliga rättigheter." Thesis, Teologiska högskolan Stockholm, Avdelningen för mänskliga rättigheter, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-83.
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What are borders? Walls, fences, barbed wires, sovereignty markers, nationalities, symbols, cultures, religions, skin colours, prejudices… Where are borders? In reality, in jurisdiction, in our minds, on maps, in citizenship, inside our bodies, in our gaze… What do borders do? Define, separate, exclude, include, discriminate, hurt, rape, reduce… The concept of borders is complex and it represents paradoxes such as visible - invisible, reinforcing - weakening, inclusion - exclusion and legal - illegal. In this essay borders are treated from a political philosophical perspective with arguments drawn mainly from the theorists Étienne Balibar, Wendy Brown and Shahram Khosravi. The case is analysed and illustrated by empirical data from mass media reporting. Borders, both visible and invisible, contain a powerful symbolism and affect us as individuals, groups and society. Discussing borders makes weaknesses of the human rights system visible. Borders might affect people's ability to gain access to universal human rights. Where and why do we mark borders and who gets be in or out?
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NONO, WOMDIM REMI. "Contribution a l'etude des interactions virus-piment (capsicum annuum l. ). Processus et potentiel de la resistance a la migration du virus de la mosaique du cocombre (cmv)." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112073.
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Dans les conditions experimentales de serre, le taux de multiplication de meme que les proportions relatives des arn du cmv sont comparables chez yolo wonder, variete sensible, et chez milord et vania 2 lignees obtenues par selection recurrente. Le virus ou l'arn viral extraits des feuilles inoculees de milord et de vania sont aussi infectieux que ceux de yolo wonder. Cependant, le cmv n'est pas detecte au-dela de la feuille inoculee des plantes de milord et de vania. Ces dernieres sont donc resistantes a la migration a longue distance du cmv. Des etudes histologiques indiquent que cette resistance serait due a une inhibition du transport du virus a l'interieur ou a partir du phloeme. Au champ, il y a un retard de l'epidemie du cmv dans les parcelles de varietes resistantes. De plus, comparee a celle de yolo wonder (100% de plantes malades), l'incidence finale du cmv est tres faible chez milord et vania (15% de plants infectees) et on ne trouve pas de souches adaptees. Ces resultats montrent l'efficacite et la stabilite de la resistance a la migration du cmv dans les conditions naturelles. Les plantes de milord sont sensibles au cmv lorsque la temperature est de l'ordre de 10#c. Les plantes de milord et de vania sont sensibles au cmv lorsqu'elles sont inoculees entre le stade cotyledonnaire et le stade 5 feuilles etalees. L'expression de la resistance depend de la temperature et du stade de developpement. Les plantes de ces lignees ne deviennent pas sensibles lorsqu'elles sont inoculees avec de fortes concentrations de virus (2 mg/ml). De meme, elles restent resistantes au cmv lorsqu'elles sont greffees sur yolo wonder ou lorsqu'elles sont co-inoculees avec certains virus dont la migration n'est pas alteree. La resistance a la migration est specifique au cmv puisque les plantes de milord et de vania sont sensibles au virus de l'aspermie de la tomate, au virus de la mosaique de la luzerne et au virus de la maladie bronzee de la tomate. Par contre, elles sont resistantes vis-a-vis de plusieurs isolats ou souches du cmv a l'exception de l'isolat vir qui se generalise sur ces 2 lignees
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Eriksson, Olov. "Den yngre befolkningens flykt från landsbygden : En fallstudie över Bollnäs." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23875.
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Uppsatsen beskriver urbanisering med fokus på när yngre flyttar från landsbygden. Som ett bakgrundsmaterial har statistik inhämtats och presenteras i studiens teoridel. Uppgifterna består företrädesvis av befolkningsstatistik som presenteras i diagramform. Data har analyserats och bearbetats med hjälp av Excel och dataprogrammet Tableau. Studien undersöker specifikt om det finns särskilda orsaker till att unga människor flyttat från Bollnäs i Hälsingland. För att skaffa kunskap kring varför unga flyttar från Bollnäs har 10 ungdomar, som lämnat Bollnäs till förmån för en större stad, intervjuats genom semi strukturerade intervjuer. Vid analysen av studiens resultat har push and pull teori tillämpats. Teorin utgår från att ungdomarna utsätts för såväl skjutande som dragande faktorer. Resultatet av studien visar att gemensam anledning till varför intervjupersonerna har flyttat var möjligheten till högre studier, pullfaktor. Flera har också gett uttryck för en uttalad vilja att lämna hemstaden Bollnäs som de upplevt som liten och utan framtidsutsikter, pushfaktor. Inom ramen för studien har också intervjuer gjorts med styrande inom Bollnäs kommun. Dessa är medvetna om kommunens demografiska utmaningar, men har inga tydliga gemensamma strategier för att motverka att ungdomar flyttar från Bollnäs.The essay describes the process of urbanization, focusing on the younger population that moves away from the countryside. As a background material, statistics has been gathered and is presented in the theory section of this study. The main part of this data constitutes of demographic statistics and is presented in diagrams. The data has been analysed using Excel and the computer program Tableau. The study specifically investigates whether there are any particular reasons why young people have moved from Bollnäs, in the province of Hälsingland. Hence, 10 young persons who have left Bollnäs in favour of a larger city have been asked questions in semi-structured interviews. In the study analysis, push and pull theory has been applied. This theory assumes that the young people are exposed to both pulling and pushing factors. The result of the study shows that a common reason why these young persons moved away was the prospect of higher studies, a pulling factor. Several participants also expressed a want to leave their hometown Bollnäs that they considered to be small and without prospects, a pushing factor. Moreover, some interviews with the governing politicians in the municipality of Bollnäs were carried out within this study. These politicians are aware of the demographical challenges that face the community. However, they do not have any clearly defined common strategies that prevent young people to move away from Bollnäs.
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Deidda, Elisabetta. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Migrant Hotspot at the Gates of Fortress Europe." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166686.
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This thesis is a qualitative study focusing on the situation that has evolved in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) from the beginning of 2018, when migrants and refugees started entering the country in large numbers in the context of the so-called Balkan route. The approach adopted in the thesis is informed by critical studies emphasizing the asymmetries entailed in the emerging multilevel governance of migration. The European Union (EU), the BiH state, IOM, civil society, activists, and citizens, are inserted in a “situational map” presenting their inter-relations, and the potential of each to influence the situation of concern. This thesis analyses in details the role of the EU, which is implementing in BiH its security-informed approach to irregular migration through externalization and multilevelling strategies. Eight semi-structured interviews allow the investigation into the potential and challenges of a “governance from below”. The main argument of this thesis is that the EU, outsourcing its strategy to curb irregular migration to BiH, fails to address the humanitarian crisis that is developing there, besides mining the stability and democracy of the country.
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Fischer, Silas E. "Post-fledging and Migration Ecology of Gray Vireos (Vireo vicinior) and Using ArtScience to Explore Gender and Identity." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo158895774132047.
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Honkanen, Jennie. "A piece in the puzzle? : A qualitative interview study on the role of civil society in local integration work." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45623.
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Since the Swedish reception crisis in 2015/16, civil society has gained increased recognition for its contribution to integration work and the government has made efforts to strengthen its capacities. While civil society should be autonomous and independent from the state, many actors within civil society are dependent on state funding and face a number of difficulties that exacerbate its potential to contribute further to society. As such, this single case study aims to investigate the role of civil society in the local integration and civil society experiences of working with integration. The empirical material consists of seven interviews, two conducted with representatives from the local municipality and five interviews with civil society representatives. 'Governance' forms the theoretical framework of the study, which is employed on the collected interview material to gain a deeper understanding of the role of civil society in regard to integration work. Findings show that civil society fills a complementary role in relation to the public sector, in that it is suitable for work that the state is less able to carry out. Its function is mostly discussed in relation to the social aspects of integration. Moreover, the material suggests that remaining autonomous and independent from the state is difficult, mainly depending on a selective grant system that seems to award certain types of integration work above others; a system that facilitates a dependency on the state. As such, the study awakens important questions involving the autonomy and independence of civil society.
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Kreienborg, Marius. "Durable Solutions, Durable Peace? : Assessing the Impact of Peace Agreement Provisions Regarding Forced Displacement on the Durability of Peace." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353816.
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This paper investigates the relationship between the level of implementation of peace agreement provisions regarding forced displacement and the durability of peace in a country. Based on the assumption that implementation creates durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons, I argue that the attainment of durable solutions enables displaced populations to contribute to peacebuilding in different ways, for example by encouraging economic activity or promoting transitional justice. These engagements with peacebuilding, in turn, make durable peace more likely. To test this theory, I estimate several logistic models, making use of implementation data from the Peace Accord Matrix and a replication dataset. I find tentative support for my hypothesis that higher levels of implementation of said category of provisions increase the chance of durable peace, but concede that more research must follow to verify and solidify my results.
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Nefes, Ebrar. "“Among other things, that is what I choose to do” Understanding Migration Motivations of Highly Skilled Youth from Turkey by Looking at Capabilities and Aspirations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166759.
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Fagerlund, Henrik, and Erik Skörvald. ""Det är ju väldigt polariserat" : – Migrationsverkets kommunikation på Facebook." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148865.
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The aim for this study was to research the Swedish migration agencies’ communication on the social platform Facebook, and try to build an understanding of the agencies construction of non-political message to the public. We were also addressing the present discursive struggle in the comment section below the agency’s publications, to get a better understanding of why users are criticizing the agency, and how they are handling the critics. This is because of the national politics surrounding migration can be seen as a “two-way-split”, where the public opinion is either very positive to the migration, or very negative. The study was conducted by analyzing two months’ worth of Facebook publications from the Swedish migrations agency, and included a total of 280 comments from users to study how struggles form between the “two-way-split”. Critical discourse analysis and Fairclough's three-dimensional model was used as method to study the problem on a qualitative perspective. The appliance of Foucault's and Faircloughs theories about discourse have been applied on the material consistently throughout the study. The results of the study show that the Swedish migration agency are using two discursive forms of presenting messages to the public. The first is a governmental discourse, were focus lies on a natural position to the politics with statistics and facts, the second is a storytelling discourse, which is more focused on presenting people and their individual stories to the public, but like the first one, with a natural position. The results also show that the engaging public is using a different, more public, discourse to the subject, and with that forms a lot of negative comments about the agency work and the politics behind it. In conclusion, we form the belief that the agency has adapted the new storytelling discourse as a communicative strategy to raise the trusts of the agencies work to the public, but the critical engaging public still mistrusts the work, and keeps the discursive struggle with the agency alive.
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Attaallah, Israa Maher. "Understanding Parenting Challenges in a Migration Context : A qualitative study on Arabic‐speaking immigrant parents´ experiences of raising their children while integrating in Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171202.
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Experiences of parenting in migration contexts undergo particular changes that develop various challenges. This qualitative study aims at exploring challenges and concerns of Arabic-speaking immigrant parents in Sweden regarding parenting while integrating into a migration context that differs from their own upbringing. Moreover, the study sheds light on how those challenges are negotiated. In order to answer my research questions, six parents, representing four families, were qualitatively interviewed and the collected data was thematically analysed. The results of this study show that Arabic-speaking immigrant parents face the following main challenges: ´acquisition of new knowledge about the host society´s language and culture´, ´balancing parents´ responsibilities inside and outside their houses´ and finally the ´lack of social network´. The results also emphasise that parenting challenges in migration contexts need intensified and productive cooperation between immigrant families and different parties in host societies to achieve the best interests of immigrant children and parents. Participants, in general, reflect an eagerness to implement their traditional parenting practices in ways that do not contradict to the standard parenting practices in the Swedish context. Finally, this study implies immigrant parents´ need to be recognised in host societies through respecting them and their children and considering their qualifications and the circumstances they have experienced before, during and after migration.
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Habib, Davidsson Maria, and Sofie Ekberg. ""It depends a lot on the case officer" : A qualitative study of case- and executive officers´assessment of asylum applications at the Swedish Migration Agency." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149082.
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The purpose of this study is to highlight the work of asylum case- and executive officers at the Swedish Migration Agency. It focuses on the oral investigation that is conducted by the Swedish Migration Agency with an asylum seeker in Sweden, how the case- and executive officers assess if an asylum seeker is credible, and if there are any difficulties with this process. The aim of this study has not been to investigate how the credibility and reliability assessments should be conducted; instead, it has been to understand the complexity of these assessment and how the case- and executive officers experience the same. The study is ethnographic, and the empirical material consists of interviews with individuals who work as case- and executive officers at the Migration Agency's asylum units in Sweden. The study has a qualitative approach since the interest lies in individual experiences. The analysis is based on extracts from the interviews and is linked to existing research and theories. Theoretically, the thesis is inspired by Michael Lipsky's concept of street-level bureaucracy. In addition, we have also built up a theoretical chapter presenting the legal framework. The study shows that the assessment of an asylum seeker is a complicated and abstract process. And in the end, it all comes down to an overall assessment.
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Granouzis, Larsson Euridiki. "Att bevara digitala spel : En komparativ litteraturstudie rörande bevarande av digitala spel, med särskilt fokus på spelet Minecraft." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Arkivvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37257.
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The aim of this essay is to explore which preservation method is the most suitable to preserve digital games with focus on Minecraft. This essay will compare emulation, migration and conversion. This will be done through a comparative literature study. The material of this essay is therefore previous research on preservation of digital games and preservation of digital information. The result is that a combined method of emulation and migration is preferable when it comes to the preservation of digital games.Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka vilken eller vilka bevarandemetoder som kan vara bäst lämpat för att bevara digitala spel med fokus på Minecraft. Denna uppsats kommer att jämföra emulering, migrering och konvertering. Detta kommer att ske genom en komparativ litteraturstudie. Materialet har således varit tidigare forskning kring bevarande av digitala spel samt bevarande av digital information. Resultatet är att en kombinerad metod av emulering och migrering är att föredra när det kommer till bevarande av digitala spel.
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Giannattasio, Nobres Gabriela. "Defying Human Security : The Commodification of Migrants in Contemporary Libya." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160279.
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The world-system today promotes inequalities between and within states through the maintenance and strengthening of uneven and hierarchical global relations established by colonialism. The reinforcement of colonial structures has unfolded into neocolonial relations in the post-colonial world, explaining the underdevelopment and marginalization of former colonies in the world-system today, and why many African countries largely experience internal instability on several fronts, revealing how individuals from these states tend to experience some sort of human insecurity. This scenario is permissive to the development of the new wars – representing a different perspective on the patterns of violence and war of contemporaneity – and the new global war economy and its parallel economy. It is from this context that the commodification of migrants happens, challenging and often defying migrants’ access to human rights andhuman security. The present study is therefore primarily a theoretical research and an empirical investigation on the commodification of migrants in contemporary Libya, sustained by four main theoretical frameworks and the analysis of selected secondary materials from international organizations and NGOs. This study aims at addressing the different forms of commodification of migrants in Libya today and who are the actors that control these markets and benefit from the commodification of human life. This analysis evidences the contradiction between the bleak reality of migrants in contemporary Libya and the applicability of the normative concepts of human securityand migrants’ rights.
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Tydesjö, Amanda. "Covid-19 and Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers in Poland : A case study of livelihoods and coping strategies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104804.
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The Covid-19 pandemic that erupted in 2020 has impacted most livelihoods and increased poverty levels worldwide. This thesis considers the impact which the Corona pandemic has had on Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers’ livelihoods in Poland. The societal travel restrictions’ short-term effects on the seasonal livelihoods are investigated along with the subsequent short-term coping strategies used by the seasonal migrant workers. The study draws on primary data from 10 semi-structured, digital interviews conducted with Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers from different sectors who worked in Poland during the pandemic period. Through the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, the cases were individually considered whilst also comparing within the sample groups from the sectors agriculture, construction, domestic services, culinary, and warehouse work. The findings of the study show that the seasonal migration livelihood strategy was resilient, lowered vulnerability, and allowed for sustainable livelihood outcomes despite the Corona pandemic. Travel restrictions and other institutional processes enabled or disabled the seasonal workers. Despite the Corona pandemic, the seasonal migration livelihood strategy was used as a short-, medium- and long-term strategy to alleviate poverty. The study increases the multidimensional understanding of the pandemic effects on Ukrainian seasonal workers in Poland. Therefore, this research provides an understanding of poverty alleviation, seasonal migration livelihood strategies, and resilience in a pandemic context.
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Zetterlund, Sofie. "Potential för återintroduktion av lax (Salmo salar L.) i Bollnäsströmmarna: en sårbarhetsanalys." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54945.
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Förvaltning av lax är en komplicerad uppgift som kräver stor förståelse för både laxen och de antropogena effekter som påverkar den. Vattenkraftverk har stor påverkan på laxen genom oregelbundna flöden, reducerad vattenföring och barriärer i vandringsvägar. Laxen är beroende av att vandra för att optimera tillväxt, överlevnad och reproduktion. Östersjöns laxbestånd minskade kraftigt mellan 1950- och 1980-talet till följd av dammutbyggnad och överfiske. Redan i början av 1900-talet började det lokala laxbeståndet i älven Ljusnan att sjunka av samma orsaker. Idag finns ingen lax kvar i Ljusnan. För att möjliggöra en återintroduktion av lax krävs möjlighet för vandring och tillgång på reproduktionshabitat. Bollnäsströmmarna bedöms med sina 6,6 km historiskt ha stått för 25 % av hela Ljusnans laxproduktion. Syftet med denna studie var att simulera en återintroduktion av lax i Bollnäsströmmarna och att genom sårbarhetsanalys undersöka om utplantering av romkorn kan resultera i en överlevande laxpopulation. Simuleringarna utfördes med dagens förutsättningar med undantag av att de passagefria kraftverken ersattes med passagelösningar av bästa möjliga teknik. Utöver detta undersöktes effekter av ökad passagedödlighet förbi kraftverken, habitatåterställande åtgärder och utökade supplementära utsättningar av romkorn. Sammanlagt nio sårbarhetsanalyser utfördes i simuleringsprogrammet Vortex. Resultatet av studien visar att utplantering av romkorn kan producera en laxpopulation som överlever under en hundraårsperiod. Efter en initial populationsökning under tio år sjunker dock tillväxten konstant resterande nittio år vilket med största sannolikhet hade resulterat i en utdöd population över en större tidsrymd. Den potentiella laxpopulationen var mycket känslig för ökad passagedödlighet med en hög utdöenderisk efter endast en liten ökning. Både habitatåterställande åtgärder och supplementära utsättningar av rom gav positiva effekter på populationsstorleken men inget scenario lyckades producera ett stabilt och livskraftigt bestånd vilket tyder på att fler åtgärder krävs för ett lyckat återintroduktionsprojekt.Conservation of salmon is a complicated task that requires understanding both the biology of salmon and the anthropogenic impacts affecting it. Atlantic salmon is dependent on its migration to optimize growth, survival and reproduction. Hydropower plants affect salmon by causing highly irregular flows, reduced discharge and barriers along migration routes. The salmon stocks of the Baltic Sea declined considerably between the 1950s and 1980s as a result of dam development and overfishing. For the same reasons the local salmon stock in the River Ljusnan, Sweden began to decline already in the early 1900s, and today there are no salmon left in the River Ljusnan. To restore the population, actions to mediate migration and access to reproduction habitats and rearing habitats are needed. The 6.6 km long river section, “Bollnäsströmmarna”, is estimated to have accounted for 25 % of the total salmon production in the River Ljusnan. The aim of this study was to simulate a reintroduction of Atlantic salmon in Bollnäsströmmarna, and using a population viability analysis (PVA), investigate if stocking of eggs can result in a viable salmon population. Simulations were made on the basis of today’s conditions, with the condition that best practice passage solutions are implemented. In addition, the effects of increased passage mortality, habitat restoration and increased supplementary stocking of eggs were simulated. A total of nine PVA simulation (n= 100) scenarios were performed in the Vortex simulation program. The results of the study show that stocking of eggs can produce a salmon population that has a minimum extinction risk over a one-hundred year period. However, after an initial population increase over ten years, population growth steadily declines for the remaining ninety years, which most likely would result in extinction if a period longer than 100 years was considered. The salmon population was very sensitive to an increase in passage mortality, with a high extinction risk after only a small increase in mortality. Both habitat restoration and increased supplementary stocking impacted the population size positively, but no scenario produced a stable and viable population, which indicates that more measures are required for a successful long-term reintroduction.
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Karlsson, Sara. "Remittances as a Social Contract : An Interview Study on Remittance Behaviour among Swedish Immigrants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70553.
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In what has been described as “the age of migration” by Castles et al. (2014) the international transfers of remittances is an ever-growing phenomenon, which has generated an increased interest among both scholars and policy-makers. According to the World Bank (2016), the flow of remittances to developing countries is today exceeding the amount of official development aid by three times. The objective of this study is to contribute to a more nuanced view of the motivations for remittances by conducting a qualitative interview study with remittance senders in Sweden. The study uses data obtained from 18 interviews in order to receive an in-depth understanding of remittance attitudes. An analytical framework departing from Lucas and Stark’s hypotheses on motives to remit (1985) combined with the conjugal contract model (Whitehead, 1984) is constructed and used for the analysis of the findings. The paper argues that the relationship between household members can be seen as a social contract, and the findings suggest a correlation between social norms and gender roles within the family. The results of the interviews indicate that social norms do influence remittance behaviour, and the determinants of time and expectations from the household are also proven relevant to the topic. The findings thus show that the concept of social contracts between family members can be usefully employed in order to extend our understanding of remittance behaviour. In conclusion, this study shows that viewing remittances as part of a social contract within households can provide a useful tool for further research on the topic.
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Voss, Suna J. "Immigration, Identity and Inequality - The Micro-Level Effects of Discrimination on Integration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353033.
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The relation between identity and Horizontal Inequality is increasingly relevant in the light of international migration flows. Research on the effects of Horizontal Inequality, or discrimination, on integration, is however limited. In particular, the causal mechanism underlying this relation remains to be defined. The present study fills this gap, arguing that perceived Horizontal Inequalities, i.e. inequalities between identity groups, create grievances in affected migrants that in turn increase group boundaries and, finally, decrease people’s ability to integrate into a new society. This proposed causal mechanism is tested through the use of process tracing and the controlled comparison method. Qualitative evaluative and thematic text analysis is employed to this end on novel micro-level data obtained through 30 interviews of concerned migrants and experts in Germany. The findings indicate support for the hypothesised model, amongst others highlighting the centrality of prior expectations and experiences for perceptions of Horizontal Inequality.
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Barroso, Cássia Pianca. "Variabilidade espaço-temporal da morfologia costeira: resultados de sensoriamento remoto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-16032015-155053/.
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A habilidade de prever mudanças morfológicas nas regiões costeiras é restringida pela falta de dados observacionais com suficiente resolução espacial e temporal. Com o desenvolvimento do sensoriamento remoto, esse problema pode ser minimizado, especialmente com o uso de câmeras de vídeo para o estudo de regiões costeiras. Os objetivos dessa tese são, através do uso de imagens de vídeo, (1) desenvolver um método robusto para extrair a localização da linha de costa; (2) analisar um conjunto de dados inéditos de 26 anos de imagens diárias; (3) caracterizar as escalas espaciais e temporais da variação da linha de costa em um local representativo, a praia de Duck, NC; (4) testar esse método em uma praia reflectiva e com cúspides, a praia de Massaguaçu localizada no litoral brasileiro; (5) descrever recentes observações de feições morfológicas de meso-escalas associadas a um canal de marés usando uma técnica óptica inovadora e documentar as taxas e padrões de migração dessas feições morfológicas em New River Inlet, NC. Um modelo foi desenvolvido, chamado ASLIM (Augmented ShoreLine Intensity Maxima) para extrair as posições da linha de costa baseado na intensidade máxima observada nas imagens de exposição (timex) através de um ajuste Gaussiano com um subsequente filtro Kalman filtro, este para reduzir incertezas e ruídos. O ASLIM quando comparado com dados do levantamentos batimétricos mostrou um boa correlação com coeficiente de 0.85, estatisticamente significativo). As ondas foram caracterizadas em termos da altura significativa e os componentes longitudinal e transversal do fluxo de energia da onda (Px e Py, respectivamente). Menos de 2\\% da altura da onda é explicada por escalas maiores do que um ano. 66\\% da variância foi explicada por períodos maiores do que o ciclo anual, apesar do fato das forçantes (ondas) serem dominadas por períodos curtos (menores que 20 dias). O primeiro modo da EOF para a variação da linha de costa contém 49\\% da variância e representou o movimento transversal da linha de costa. O segundo modo (26\\% da variância) está associado com a alternância de sinais de acresção em cada lado píer, enquanto que os modos mais altos (7\\% e 5.6\\%) descrevem os efeitos locais do píer. O píer apresentou uma influência significativa no comportamento da linha de costa, à qual estende-se a 500 metros ao norte e sul do píer, duas vezes mais do que os valores assumidos por estudos anteriores. O píer restringe o transporte longitudinal sazonal entre a parte sul (verão) e a parte norte (inverno), resultando em uma acumulação de sedimentos sazonalmente reversa no lado up-drift da deriva. Sinais de erosão foram encontrados ao lado down-drift do píer e que propagam-se 1200 m/ano para longe do píer. A linha de costa apresentou uma tendência à erosão apenas no lado norte do píer, esta erosão pode estar relacionada com a tendência de aumento do transporte longitudinal para o norte, que é bloqueado devido ao píer, gerando uma acumulação na parte sul do píer e erosão na parte norte. O método ASLIM também foi testado na Praia de Massaguaçu e mostrou ser uma valiosa ferramenta para investigar variabilidade da linha de costa. Nossas observações em New River Inlet (NC), revelaram um complexo de bancos de espraiamento e feições arenosas de meso-escalas que migraram em um padrão coerente horário onde nas regiões offshore migraram em direção contrária a desembocadura do rio enquanto que as feições na região próxima a costa, migraram em direção ao canal. Para quantificar de forma objetiva as taxas e padrões de migração um algoritmo foi desenvolvido (LLSA - Lagged Least Square Algorithm) usando sequências de imagens de exposição (timex). Esse método compara diferentes imagens que possuem diferentes intervalos de tempo, e encontra o intervalo (lag) onde essas imagens são similares. A taxa média de migração encontrada foi de 1.53 m/dia (com desvio padrão de 0.76 m/dia). 72\\% das taxas estimadas foram maiores que 1.0 m/dia, 31\\% foram maiores que 2 m/dia, e as taxas máximas encontradas foram 3.5 m/day, em 23 dias. As taxas de migração média longitudinais mostraram um nó em 110 metros da linha de costa que separa as feições que migram para longe do canal (offshore) e para a linha de costa. O padrão circular pareceu ser consistente com o fluxo residual esperado em um delta de maré vazante. Em conclusão, nossos resultados mostraram que o uso de câmeras de vídeo são uma ótima ferramenta para fornecer informações sobre a dinâmica de morfologias costeiras com alta resolução temporal e espacial, de curto à longo-prazo.The ability to predict changes of the coastal morphology has been restricted by the lack of observational data in a sufficient spatial and temporal coverage. With the advent of remote sensing, the low spatial and temporal resolution could be overcome, especially with the development of video cameras to study nearshore environments. The goals of this thesis are, using remote sensing techniques, to (1) develop a robust method for extracting shoreline locations; (2) analyze a unique 16 and 26-year record of daily to hourly video images; (3) characterize the space-time scales of shoreline variability at a representative site at Duck, NC; (4) test this method at a reflective and cuspy beach at Massaguaçu Beach located at Brazilian coast; (5) describe recent observations of meso-scales morphology associated with tidal inlets using an innovative optical method and document rates and patterns of migration of these features at New River Inlet, NC. A model was developed, called ASLIM (Augmented ShoreLine Intensity Maxima) to extract the shoreline positions based on fitting the band of high light intensity in time exposure images to a local Gaussian fit with a subsequent Kalman filter to reduce noise and uncertainty. The ASLIM model showed good agreement with survey data (correlation coefficient of 0.85, significant at 95\\% confidence level). Wave forcing was characterized in terms of the significant wave height and the cross-shore and longshore components of wave energy flux. 66\\% of the shoreline variability was explained by periods longer than the annual cycle, despite the fact that wave forcing is dominated by shorter periods. The first EOF mode of shoreline variability contained 49\\% of the variance and represented the cross-shore movement (landward- seaward) of the shoreline. The second mode (26\\% of the variance) is associated with alternating accretion signals on either side of the pier, while the next two higher EOFs (7\\% and 5.6\\%) describe the local pier effects. The pier was found to have a significant influence on shoreline behavior that extends out to 500 meters, nearly twice the length scales assumed by previous studies. The pier restricts seasonal longshore transport from the south (summer) and north (winter) sides, resulting in a seasonally-reversing sediment accumulation on the up-drift side. Erosion signals on the down-drift side of the pier were found propagate away from the pier at 1200 m/year. A shoreline erosion trend that was found only on the north side of the pier may be related to the trend found in the alongshore transport, that it is increasing toward the north and is being blocked by the pier. The ASLIM method was also tested at Massaguaçu Beach and showed to be a valuable tool to investigate shoreline variability processes. Our observations, at New Rivet Inlet (NC), revealed a complex set of swash bars and meso-scale sand banks that migrated in a coherent clockwise pattern with movement in offshore regions being away from the inlet mouth while nearshore migration was back toward the inlet. To quantify migration rates and patterns objectively based on sequences of time exposure images, a Lagged Least Squares Algorithm (LLSA) was developed that found the vector migration rate for which the suite of lagged images were most similar, computed on a tile-by-tile basis. The mean migration rate was found to be 1.53 m/day (standard deviation of 0.76 m/day). 72\\% percent of estimated rates were greater than 1.0 m/day, 31\\% percent were larger than 2.0 m/day, and the maximum rate round was 3.5 m/day, averaged over 23 days. Alongshore averages of cross-shore migration rates showed a node at 110 m from the shoreline that separates migration away from the inlet (offshore) from migration toward the inlet near the shore. The circular pattern of migration appeared to be consistent with expected residual flow on an ebb delta. In conclusion, our results showed that the use of video cameras are a useful tool for providing information about the dynamics of coastal morphologies with a high temporal and spatial resolution, from short to long-term.
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Johansson, Lena. "The In-Betweens of Space and Time in Transit : Spatial and temporal realities for urban refugees in Eastleigh, Nairobi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354371.
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This is a study on how Somali and Oromo refugees manage under uncertain circumstances in Eastleigh, Nairobi. Fleeing from war, persecution and violence, the refugees expected to find protection and a quick transfer to a third country, which was not the case. Instead, they ended up in being stuck, unsafe, and questioned. The refugees aimed for resettlement to a third country; a decision depending on approval from the hosting state, a receiving state, and UNHCR. This process normally included 8-10 years or more of waiting and a positive answer was not guaranteed. The spatial realities in displacement in Eastleigh included a status of illegitimacy, socioeconomic hardships, and unpredictability of an eventual resettlement in a third country. In the protracted waiting for resettlement they struggle to become part of the place but in the state of transit, and in an excluding context, they are in-between – in a liminal state in both space and time.
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Kerbabian, Shant. "A Long Way Home : Spontaneous Returns and Potential Returns of Syrian Refugees Examined." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84663.
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The recent wave of Syrian refugees’ spontaneous return to conflict areas in Syria is not a new phenomenon, various cases of return to areas that do not meet safety and security standards has happened in cases like Somali refugees returning from Kenya or Angolan refugees returning from Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the Syrian case is important to study in order to examine any new patterns or elements in refugee returns that could arise or could be unpacked. This study examines Syrian refugees’ spontaneous returns, to what is considered by the international community as unsafe Syria and discusses the reasons for return that were provided by refugees returning currently and refugees who answer the question of return. The study finds that the notion of “home” and “homeland” are amongst the most influential when it comes to the decision to return coupled with push factors like livelihood issues and discrimination in host countries, in addition to pull factors from country of origin like amnesty regarding military conscription. The study finds that refugees not returning do so due to starting a new life, not having guarantees of safety and having lost everything in their home country. The study confirms King’s (2000) argument regarding home country pull factors having a bigger influence in impacting refugee returns. This study uses discourse analysis as a method using the proposed framework of Teun A. van Dijk’s (1985, 2011), the primary data source are interviews by Syrian refugees on YouTube in the Arabic Language. YouTube was chosen due to the role it played throughout the Syrian uprising in providing news to Syrians. The analysis of the data will use a four-dimensional framework which dissects push and pull factors, then examines them through the transnational and diaspora theories for refugee returns and has the place-identity theory as an overall starting point. The study concludes by recommending the international community pays more attention to the psychological factors from the home country so interventions and programmes of return make sure refugees are safe, protected and not falsely lured into return.
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Ebba, Carlson. "The view on integration in Sweden : A critical discourse analysis of the debate on exempting the whole of Malmö from the EBO law." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45634.
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This study examines the view on integration in Sweden. The material consists of debate articles from 2020 regarding exempting Malmö from EBO, the law on the right for asylum seekers to arrange their own housing. The findings reveal two dominating positions representing different views on successful integration: the municipalities’ right to self-government and the individual’s right to self-determination. The municipal position and politicians who represent the municipalities interests are mainly represented, while no interest groups or asylum seekers are active in the debate. The municipal position reproduces a negative view on integration and reproduces the discourse of failed integration. The individual position tries to change the negative discourses. Lastly, the dominating position moves towards an assimilatory approach, implying a shift in the view on integration in Sweden. This study contributes with an updated analysis of the perception of EBO and increases the knowledge about views on integration in Sweden.
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Lopez, Maria Mercedes. "The paradox of women migrant workers: agency and vulnerabilities. : Understanding the perspective of women migrant workers in Amman, Jordan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351977.
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Migration has taken place throughout human history. However, push and pull factors for migration have changed, and some have not been identified during long periods of time. Since 1970, migration studies have paid more attention to the role of women in migration processes, noting that patterns in migration are sometimes similar to men, but many other times differ, this is also known as the feminization of migration. Women, like men, migrate in search for a better future and new opportunities. Moreover, women migrant workers migrate to provide better future for their families back home. However, this migration process leaves great exposure to abuse and exploitation for both men and women. Feminist research argues, however, that this vulnerability is also gendered, affecting women and men differently. This study aims to contribute to understand the paradox of the agency of women migrant workers on the one hand, and vulnerabilities on the other, from the perspective of migrants themselves. Eleven interviews were conducted with women migrant workers in Amman. Some of the findings of this study show that the interviewees choose to migrate mainly due to economic needs, familial constraints and social structures, which in turn influence their power over their rights and situation, leaving them in vulnerable conditions prone to abuse. Moreover, the alternatives for migration are limited by social and economic structures, in addition to lack of knowledge of rights and obligations.
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Bluestocking, Mary. "Legitimacy in Flux : A Case Study of Immigrant Sanctuary Policy in New York City." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44234.
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This paper seeks to understand policy in the City of New York which limits cooperation with federal authorities for purposes of immigration control. It does so by qualitatively analyzing a set of legal-administrative documents. The key, policy features are identified along with the interests and forces which shaped those features over time. An arsenal of supplemental, legal material as well as the findings of legal scholars are consulted for interpretation in hermeneutic fashion. Using a theoretical framework consisting of the structure of the legal system of the United States and it norms, plus certain immigration-related, national trends, this research concludes this policy is the legacy of an unbroken, bi-partisan lineage of administrations dating back to the 1980s – an evolving product of the tensions between the legal norms and the national trends. The policy reinforces sovereignty from the federal government, and it does so largely for purposes of constitutionality, administrative functionality and civil rights.
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Jonsson, Alexander. "A ‘snapshot’ of Swedish media’s portrayal of immigrants and refugees leading up to the 2018 election : A qualitative critical discourse analysis from Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79903.
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Immigration is a topic that is not an uncommon occurrence within Sweden, especially in regards to the long history of wars and crisis occurred since the beginning of the 21st century. It could take form of individuals fleeing for their lives as refugees from conflict, or as economic migrants seeking a higher quality of life in a new country. The aim of the study was to analyze the critical discourse on how the Swedish media portrays immigrants and refugees in line with Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework and Dijk’s textual analysis from a socio-cognitive approach. The purpose was to focus on gaining an insight on how Swedish media portrays immigrants and refugees. The newspapers that were analyzed was Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD) which are two of the largest newspapers in Sweden. The results showed that there was a tendency of the Swedish media to lean toward left-wing discourse in comparison to the rest of Europe. However, the perspective of ‘us’ vs ‘them,’ negative economic costs of refugees and less of a voice for the refugees and migrants was found. Some positive actions for future reporting of immigrants and refugees is to give newcomers to Sweden a stronger voice in the media, where a full account of the report is evident and to utilize neutral diction such as, ‘nyanlända’ when addressing refugees or migrants.
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Omer, Ismael. "Stories That Cut Across: The Case of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Calais, France." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-365014.
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In this thesis, I sought to accomplish two things. First, the thesis is written in a reflexive and even an auto-ethnographic manner. It invites the reader to follow the ethnographer through the metamorphosis of the study, from the point of conception, through the ethnographic fieldwork to the interpretation and, finally, to the presentation of the result. Doing so was an attempt to give the reader a vivid understanding of the process of making an ethnographic text. The ambition with auto-ethnographic dimension is to unveil and problematize the condition for ethnographic fieldwork, as well as to add nuance to the stories of my informants. Second, the thesis strives to answer a simple question: why the UK? The genesis of the question finds its roots in the departure of my friend Kanan, and it was by tracing Kanan’s journey that I found myself in Calais. By focusing on a transit zone like Calais, I have aimed to depart from a dualist approach of migration theories that only focus on destination and origin countries as their analytical points of reference and to present the everyday experiences of exile and statelessness as a continuous journey. The conduit for examining the experiences of my informants will be Chris Dolan’s concept of social torture. Through the concept of social torture, Chris Dolan interlinks the exercise of everyday violence and abuse on a mass scale and torture by focussing on the impacts of such acts on the individual’s body and mind. By doing so, Dolan identifies debility, dependency, dread and disorientation as the four impacts to identify a victim of social torture. The daily life experiences of my informants in Calais were that of social torture. In this regard, I seek to show how social torture was an apparatus used to force unwanted populations from the French territory and into the UK and other European countries.
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Ylipää, Amanda, and Sara Andersson. "Studie och yrkesvägledning i ett postkolonialt Sverige : Om tillgängligheten för vägledning på de samiska språken." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43234.
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This is an undergraduate study which examines the availability of guidance counselor services given in Sámi languages in the Sámi administrative areas in Sweden. The questions at issue are: How available is guidance counselling in the Sámi languages in Sweden's 25 administrative areas? What are the counsellors' views regarding Sámi clients being able to speak their own language during a session? The administrative areas were selected since they have an obligation to offer certain services in Sámi languages. The areas are located in 25 Swedish counties and a survey with questions regarding the availability of guidance counselling in the Sámi languages was distributed to the counsellors employed therein. None of the counsellors has ever used a Sámi interpreter, is able to speak a Sámi language, and the majority haven’t identified a need for it with their clients. The result is analysed with a critical discourse method and the theories of stigma, hegemony, Othering and ethnocentrism are used. The analysis shows that Sámi people are being Othered and that the guidance counsellors are operating from an ethnocentric view, which can lead to stigma and hegemony in guidance sessions with Sámi clients.
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Ekstrand, Moa. "Ord men inga visor : En jämförande masterstudie om humanitära organisationers policy kring dialog och mänskliga rättigheter i relation till praktiskt genomförande av flyktingläger." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-266329.
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The average time for an individual to be located in a refugee situation is 17 years. That people are fleeing for such a long period of their life means that a large part of their human rights can easily be neglected. This study examines the humanitarian organizations MSB’s and UN- HCR's implementation of refugee camps and how they allow refugees to play a part in this process. This essay intends to examine the policy the organizations adhere to, namely the in- ternationally recognized handbooks Handbook of Emergencies and The Sphere Project. Em- pirical material is based on a qualitative interview method where a comparison between poli- cy and practice is investigated. Employees of organizations and experts on refugee camp de- sign, management and urban planning have served as respondents in this study. The city planning theory collaborative rationality is used to examine the empirical data to answer how organizations work with refugee camps, if a dialogue processes occur between organizations and refugees, and what benefits the theory can provide. This is followed by a discussion re- garding the human rights of the refugees and whether these are considered in the implementa- tion of the camp. A question raised in the discussion is whether a clarification of the concept could help the organizations' employees to meet the human rights of the refugees. The aim of this thesis is to create an interdisciplinary understanding across disciplinary boundaries. The idea is that the amalgamation of disciplines can improve the humanitarian organizations’ work and aid refugees living conditions. This study highlights a discrepancy in the relation- ship between policy and practice in relation to the procedure manuals, but also in relation to refugees and the satisfaction of human rights. A majority of the respondents testify a wish that a dialogue should be conducted between the organization and the recipients of humanitar- ian aid but that issues such as time pressure, ignorance and power relations complicates this process. What is needed for an improvement of dialogue processes is that the organizations need to take clearer positions on how the practical implementation should play out which would more easily control their employees to execute their work. States need to review their approach to refugees and to take responsibility for the people who need help. Last but not least, the concept of human rights and Nussbaum's definition of it is offered as a suggestion as to how UNHCR and MSB could simplify their work to accommodate that the refugees are treated within the realms of the human rights legislation.
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Charles, Faith, and Martin Wiberg. "Coping strategies among international students who transition to university in Sweden : Experiences and perceptions of loneliness as an international student in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35857.
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This study explores the coping strategies amongst international students who moved to a medium sized city in Sweden to study. The aim is to explore how international students cope with loneliness and their perceptions and experiences related to loneliness. The method is qualitative and inductive, with deductive properties such as the topics related to loneliness, coping, resources and technology. We conducted semi structured interviews with six participants. The theory used is a strength-based perspective focusing on the resources and coping of the participants. The results show the participants express various accounts of experienced loneliness and coping strategies. The themes found were a New university and country, Social life, Society and culture, Self-agency, and Coping strategies. International students cope with loneliness by talking to family and friends, often using ICT. Other sources of support come from within the university environment. Most of the support utilized comes from the students acting themselves.
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Della, Rosa Asia. "I learn where I am : Decolonial exploration of institutional responses to diversity in Swedish universities." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177336.
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The work presented aims to analyse the dynamics of power and inequality within the Swedish academic space, and to do so considers the growing diversity of the Swedish academic composition, in the light of increasing internationalisation and a more recent commodification of higher education (HE). Through a critical discourse analysis of official documents published by the five largest Swedish universities, concerning internationalisation-oriented strategies, documents promoting equal opportunities and guidelines governing discrimination, I reflect on the spaces reserved for concepts such as diversity, interculturality and equal opportunities. To do so, I align myself with a decolonial approach, which questions places of epistemic enunciation, revealing inherent power dynamics represented by coloniality. I intend to argue that a decolonial perspective provides me with the lenses through which to analyse the power structures that still foster a colonial attitude in Swedish academia. The increasing internationalisation of Swedish universities and the way in which this internationalisation it is presented are, in my opinion, in tension with current policies that encourage and monitor equal opportunities. While on the one hand there is a tendency to build an increasingly international, global, and diverse university, on the other hand there is a lack of attention to diversity itself, to inequalities, equal opportunities, and potential discriminations. This tension helps to produce and reproduce power dynamics within the academic context, where the potentially global university does not invest enough resources in recognising and critically naming the differences that, even when unnamed, exist between all those who occupy the physical academic space. This tendency, I intend to argue here, is to be understood in the light of Swedish twofold tendency: on the one hand, a type of hegemonic feminism based on whiteness, heteronormativity and marginalisation of the other is produced and reproduced; on the other hand, such feminism, which proposes itself as the bearer of universal equal opportunities, contributes to the exclusion of other pluriversal subjectivities, excluded because they are racialised and do not belong to the nation-state in the strict sense - to which such feminism is in its nature closely linked.
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Masterson, Vanessa Anne. "Sense of place and culture in the landscape of home : Understanding social-ecological dynamics on the Wild Coast, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135280.
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Development for sustainable poverty alleviation requires engagement with the values and cultural frames that enable or constrain communities to steward ecosystems and maintain their capacity to support human well-being. Rooted in a social-ecological systems (SES) perspective, this thesis explores the concept of sense of place to understand how emotional and cultural connections to place mediate human responses to change and influence interventions for development. Sense of place is both the attachments to place, as well as the descriptive meanings to which one is attached. Paper I presents an approach and agenda for studying sense of place in SES that emphasizes place attachment and meaning underlying stewardship actions and responses to change. This is empirically explored through a case study on the Wild Coast, South Africa - an area with multiple contested meanings. In this former Bantustan (an area set aside for black South Africans), Apartheid created interdependence between small-holder agriculture and labour migration, where rural homesteads relied on remittances from migrant household members. Today, the contribution of agriculture to livelihoods has declined and many households rely on income from social grants. Interacting social and ecological factors in this region have resulted in social-ecological trap conditions and circular migration continues to be the pattern. Community conservation and ecotourism is one strategy for local socio-economic development. Papers II and III explore community tensions around a proposed nature reserve declaration. In Paper II, a focus on the meanings of locally-defined ecotopes (e.g. forest and abandoned fields) illuminates the interpretations of underlying social-ecological processes. Paper III examines the use of place meanings in narratives of change to show tensions in the discourse of win-win conservation. The stalling of this particular intervention indicates the importance of engaging with multiple meanings of place and the cultural importance of nature. Papers IV and V focus on declining agriculture and continued labour migration. From a theoretical model of people’s abilities, desires and opportunities, Paper IV develops a typology of responses that may contribute to maintaining or resolving social-ecological traps. For this case study, the model identifies the mismatch between i) cultural expectations that frame the desire to farm, and ii) the decline in opportunities for off-farm income to support agriculture. Paper V demonstrates that these expectations are expressed in the idea of emakhaya (the rural landscape of home) as well as reinforced through cultural rituals. The paper identifies a place-based social contract between the living and the ancestors that helps to maintain circular migration and agricultural practices. This suggests that sense of place contributes to system inertia but may also offer opportunities for stewardship. Sense of place is socially constructed as well as produced through experience in ecosystems, and thus constitutes an emergent property of SES. The thesis demonstrates the use of participatory methods to produce an inclusive understanding of place and SES dynamics. The application of place meanings through these methods facilitates critical engagement with imposed interventions. Finally, the thesis shows that sense of place and culture are key for understanding inertia in SES and the capacity for transformation towards stewardship.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.
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Connaughton, Mark. "Between a Rock and a Hard Place : Navigating the Housing Pathways of Newcomers in Ireland." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44367.
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This thesis presents research into the housing pathways of newcomers in Ireland who receive status to remain in the country and come through the Irish direct provision reception system. In the global context of financialisation of housing and local context of state reliance on the private market to provide housing to all sections of society, cities in Ireland are experiencing severe housing crises like many other cities across the globe, characterised by shortage, increasing rents and persistent homelessness rates. Meanwhile, in response to increased migration and heightened border anxieties, Ireland has sought to deter forced migrants, in this case with dispersed and unattractive direct provision reception centres. What happens then to newcomers with status to remain in Ireland, an already particularly vulnerable group in the housing system, when they have to enter this system in crisis after year-long stays in dispersed reception centres? This thesis addresses this question, looking at the specific effects of the Irish housing regime, with its unique local and recognisable global characteristics, and Irish reception policy, with its particular direct provision system, on newcomers’ search for housing. For context, the historical development and current features of the Irish housing regime, as well as migration and reception policy are traced and outlined. The thesis then tracks previous literature from international and Irish settings that deals with the issue of housing for newcomers in the Global North, including the historical development of the field and its current trends. The research design makes use of a cross-sectional, mixed-method approach to achieve its objectives. Using a constructionist housing pathways framework of analysis, accompanied by important concepts from thinkers such as Lefebvre, Agamben and Bengtsson & Borevi, the research draws on a mixture of surveys and follow-up interviews to examine the constraints, structures, strategies and outcomes of households when they have been granted status to remain in Ireland and must leave reception centres and find their own housing. The research identifies identity and power as two crucial factors in the navigation of housing pathways for newcomers and shows the detrimental effect of the retreat of the state from housing provision and reliance on marketised social housing provision on the right to housing for this group. Finally, the thesis recommends potential future studies and the policy implications of the research, in light of the difficulties of finding housing through the HAP scheme reported in this research, urge caution for proposed further reliance on marketised social housing provision for newcomers.
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Attaallah, Israa Maher. "Arabic-speaking Immigrant Parents´ Views on Heritage Language Maintenance and identity Construction for Children in Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173460.
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This study investigates how Levantine Arabic-speaking immigrant parents´ language ideologies, i.e how they think and feel regarding heritage language maintenance, and language policies influence heritage language maintenance or loss for their children. This overarching topic is explored by examining the following questions; (1) What do parents think about maintenance of heritage language for their children? and which concerns do they have? (2)How do they talk about and describe their children´s readiness or resistance to learn/maintain their heritage language? (3) What do parents believe their role is in maintaining heritage language? (4) In which way, according to parents, does maintenance of heritage language influence children´s construction of identity and sense of belonging? In order to answer these questions, I conducted five semi-structured interviews with five Levantine Arabic-speaking immigrant parents, from Palestine and Syria, residing in Sweden and analysed recurring themes using Braun´s and Clarke´s (2006: 87- 93) thematic analysis method. The study findings show that parents attached great significance to preserving their children's heritage language due to its close relationship with their cultural, religious, ethnic, and social backgrounds as well as strengthening their success opportunities in future. Furthermore, parents stated that their children did not resist maintenance of heritage language. Instead, results show that children were actively involved in discussions about heritage language maintenance and language practices. Parents confirmed that Arabic language is their children's heritage language. In relation to influence of heritage language maintenance on constructing children´s identity and sense of belonging, parents´ views varied between emphasizing its role in strengthening children´s sense of belonging to their Arabic background, allowing them a flexible ability to belong to two different cultures or communities, and that maintenance of heritage language is not the major influencer on constructing children identity. Participants discussed the methods they use to enhance Arabic language among their children, challenges they encounter, and potential solutions.
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Dijkshoorn, Anna. "Inclusive Education for Refugees and Asylum Seeking Children : A Systematic Literature Review." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30510.
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BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children with a refugee background in the Netherlands. All of these children who are under 18 years of age must go to school, but they face many barriers towards inclusion. Appropriately educating this diverse group of children presents schools with challenges. Supportive programs are needed to overcome these barriers and challenges. AIM The aim of this paper was to explore what supports are put in place to foster refugee students’ inclusion in school. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize research on school-based programs and practices. RESULTS A broad range of supports were identified. Most studies addressed access barriers to learning by offering emotional and educational support, while fewer studies focused on opportunity barriers such as negative attitudes and lack of parental involvement. CONCLUSION It was concluded that schools can play an important role in supporting the inclusion of refugee children and their families because of their accessibility, but that more high quality research is necessary in order to assess the effectiveness of supports that minimize barriers towards learning and promote their inclusion in school.
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Rami, Ali. "Beyond the dichotomies of a coercion and voluntary recruitment Afghan unaccompanied minors unveil their recruitment process in Iran." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-167729.
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Ali, Rami. "Beyond the dichotomies of a coercion and voluntary recruitment, Afghan unaccompanied minors unveil their recruitment process in Iran." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-167730.
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By shedding light on accounts from unaccompanied Afghan asylum-seeking minors in Sweden who were child soldiers in Syria, this thesis explores and examines their narratives and their involvement in the civil war in Syria. The research aims to create a deeper understanding of how these children themselves made sense of their participation in the war by answering the following questions: How were the children approached by the recruiters? What kind of reasons for joining the war are put forward by the recruiters and what strategies do the children encounter: a) economic; b) identity formation; c) social deprivation; d) feeling of vulnerability; e) militarization; f) mental development; g) ideology/ religious-sectarian; or all together? How do the children perceive these encounters and make sense of their recruitment to the Shiite Fatemiyoun Brigade? To which extent has the ideology of Shi’ism played an important role for them in joining the Syrian War? This is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews which combines procedures from two approaches and techniques: an ethnographic approach and a narrative approach that explores the interviewees’ experiences in a period of time and also generates detailed insights. Despite the fact that none of the respondents testified for being recruited at gunpoint or having been ill-treated, the respondents emphasized that they were forced to join due to the bad circumstances they were living in. In addition, many similarities with other cases regarding child soldiering in several countries have been explored in this thesis, for instance factors related to the socio- economic context and the experiences that are related to the children’s development processes. Differences can be located in various details regarding ideologies and indoctrination since the respondents did not share the politico-religious purposes of the recruiters.