Journal articles: 'Annual hours'

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Gall, Gregor, and David Allsop. "Annual hours working in Britain." Personnel Review 36, no. 5 (August 14, 2007): 800–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480710774052.

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Leigh, J. Paul. "Annual Work Hours Across Physician Specialties." Archives of Internal Medicine 171, no. 13 (July 11, 2011): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.294.

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Blazich, Frank A., Paul H. Henry, and Farrell C. Wise. "Seed Germination of Annual Vinca Responds to Irradiation and Temperature." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.357.

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Seeds of `Dawn Carpet' and `Little Bright Eye' annual vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] were subjected to 32 treatments, arranged as a four × four × two factorial. For each cultivar, seeds were exposed to one of four temperatures (15, 20, 25, or 30C) during the 8-hour (day) and 16-hour (night) portions of the cycle. Within each temperature regime, half the seeds of each cultivar were irradiated for 1 hour daily, and the other half remained in constant darkness. Final germination percentages were suppressed at 15C day or night temperatures; at temperatures ≥20C, there were no significant differences between treatments. Heat input (daily degree hours) was a controlling factor in germination; different temperature cycles with equivalent numbers of daily degree hours had similar effects on germination response. There was a strong interaction between temperature and irradiation regime for both cultivars. Irradiating seeds for 1 hour/day reduced final germination percentages under cool (15C) conditions; response was not adversely affected when seeds at 15C were germinated in darkness. In a second experiment, seeds at 25C were exposed to daily photoperiods of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours. Germination percentages obtained in darkness and at photoperiods ≤12 hours were equivalent. Twenty-four-hour photoperiods suppressed germination compared to all other irradiation treatments.

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Buerhaus, Peter I. "Economic Determinants of Annual Hours Worked by Registered Nurses." Medical Care 29, no. 12 (December 1991): 1181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199112000-00002.

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McMeekin, John. "Why Tesco′s new composite distribution needed annual hours." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 23, no. 9 (September 1995): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590559510098690.

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Lee, Joong-Seok, Young-Ki Huh, and Bang-Ryul Ahn. "A Study on Estimating Construction Equipment Annual Standard Operating Hours." Journal of the Korean Institute of Building Construction 8, no. 1 (February 20, 2008): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkic.2008.8.1.037.

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Gall, Gregor. "All year round: the growth of annual hours in Britain." Personnel Review 25, no. 3 (June 1996): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489610118971.

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8

Ryan, Lorraine, and Joseph Wallace. "Annual hours, workplace partnership and mutual gains: exploring the links." Employee Relations 38, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-11-2014-0137.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the capacity of annual hours (AH) to deliver gains to both workers and management and assesses the role of workplace partnership in three Irish companies that have adopted AH. Design/methodology/approach – Three case studies are compared and contrasted. The case studies were compiled through semi-structured interviews with management and trade union representatives, a survey of 205 workers and secondary material. Findings – The authors find that workplace partnership is not a prerequisite for achieving mutual gains where AH are concerned. The research draws attention to the importance of a mechanism for the creation of gains, in these cases, AH and that such gains can arise from different processes. Mutual gains output is not confined to workplace partnership but can arise from collective bargaining. Originality/value – The paper highlights the importance of comparing case studies so that the role of factors often seen as causal to mutual gains in exemplar cases can be critically evaluated. It also utilises directly workers’ opinions on AH and workplace partnership where typically, representative views of management and trade unions dominate the literature on these issues.

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Nordback, Krista, Wesley E. Marshall, Bruce N. Janson, and Elizabeth Stolz. "Estimating Annual Average Daily Bicyclists." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2339, no. 1 (January 2013): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2339-10.

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Cities around the United States are investing in bicycle infrastructure, and to secure additional transportation funding, cities are reporting bicycle use and safety improvements. Data on bicyclist traffic volume is necessary for performing safety studies and reporting facility use. Meeting the need for data, available manual bicycle counting programs count cyclists for a few hours per year at designated locations. A key issue in the design of counting programs is determining the timing and frequency of counts needed to obtain a reliable estimate of annual average daily bicyclists (AADB). In particular, in which days of the week, hours of the day, and months of the year should counts be collected? And, most important to program cost, how many hours should be counted? This study used continuous bicycle counts from Boulder, Colorado, to estimate AADB and analyze the estimation errors that would be expected from various bicycle-counting scenarios. AADB average estimation errors were found to range from 15% with 4 weeks of continuous count data to 54% when only 1 h of data was collected per year. The study found that the most cost-effective length for short-term bicycle counts is one full week when automated counting devices specifically calibrated for bicycle counting are used. Seasons with higher bicycle volumes have less variation in bicycle counts and thus more accurate estimates.

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Wooden, Mark, and Diana Warren. "Paid Annual Leave and Working Hours: Evidence from the HILDA Survey." Journal of Industrial Relations 50, no. 4 (September 2008): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185608094118.

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West, Kristine L. "New Measures of Teachers’ Work Hours and Implications for Wage Comparisons." Education Finance and Policy 9, no. 3 (July 2014): 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00133.

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Researchers have good data on teachers' annual salaries but a hazy understanding of teachers’ hours of work. This makes it difficult to calculate an accurate hourly wage and leads policy makers to default to anecdote rather than fact when debating teacher pay. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, I find that teachers work an average of 34.5 hours per week on an annual basis (38.0 hours per week during the school year and 21.5 hours per week during the summer months). I find that when hours per week are accurately accounted for high school teachers earn in the range of 7–14 percent less than demographically similar workers in other occupations. However, elementary, middle, and special education teachers earn higher wages than demographically similar workers in other occupations.

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Zou, Yunchun, Sekar Ulaganathan, Scott A. Read, Brett A. Davis, and Michael J. Collins. "The Association between Childhood Myopia Prevalence and Environmental Factors in China: A Metaregression Analysis." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (October 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8736314.

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Background. Myopia prevalence varies across the country among schoolchildren in China. Recently, environmental factors have been shown to be important in myopia development and progression. Given China’s geographical diversity with variable environmental factors, we investigated whether environmental factors could explain the regional variations in myopia in mainland China. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese Science Periodical Databases for studies with reports of myopia prevalence in schoolchildren in mainland China from the years 1979 to 2019. Data on environmental factors (annual sunshine hours, temperature, and population density) were obtained from past records. A random-effect univariate metaregression analysis was used to investigate the association between the environmental factors and myopia prevalence and to determine the proportion of variation in regional myopia prevalence that can be attributed to each factor. Results. Forty-nine eligible studies were identified that included 666,864 schoolchildren aged 6 to 20 years. The pooled estimate of myopia prevalence was 32.88% (95% confidence interval: 26.69–39.08%). Univariate metaregression analysis indicated that annual sunshine hours (27.97% of variance), annual temperature (24.66%), and population density (7.06%) significantly contributed to regional myopia prevalence variation (each p < 0.05 ), while seasonal variation in sunshine hours (1.54%, p = 0.604 ) was not a significant predictor of myopia prevalence. However, only annual sunshine hours was significantly associated with myopia prevalence in the multivariate metaregression model. Conclusion. Myopia prevalence in children was higher in regions with low sunshine hours, and annual sunshine hours was significantly associated with regional variation in myopia prevalence in mainland China.

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Marchese, José A., Jorge F. S. Ferreira, Vera L. G. Rehder, and Osmar Rodrigues. "Water deficit effect on the accumulation of biomass and artemisinin in annual wormwood(Artemisia annua L., Asteraceae)." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, no. 1 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202010000100001.

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Despite the importance of Artemisia annua L. as the only source of the anti-parasitic drug artemisinin, little is known on the effects of biotic and abiotic stress on artemisinin accumulation. Water deficit is the most limiting factor on plant growth, however it can trigger secondary metabolite accumulation, depending on the plant growth stage and intensity. A. annua cultivated in growth chambers was submitted to five water deficit treatments (watered, 14, 38, 62 e 86 hours without irrigation). Water deficits of 38 and 62 hours (Yw = -1.39 and -2.51 MPa, respectively) increased leaf artemisinin content, but only 38 hours led to a significant increase in both leaf and plant artemisinin (29%), with no detriment to plant biomass production. The other treatments had no effect on, or decreased artemisinin accumulation. A. annua plants tolerated well water deficit treatments, including the most severe water deficit applied (Yw -3.97 MPa or 86 hs without irrigation) and recovered their turgor pressure after rehydration. These results suggest that moderate water deficit prior to harvesting the crop may not only reduce time and costs in drying the crop, but can also induce artemisinin accumulation, both of which increase crop profit margins. Results also suggest that artemisinin could be part of A. annua chemical system of defense against water deficit.

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Ou, Yu Duan, Chu Biao Wang, Xiao Dan Fan, and Tian Wu. "Indication Effect of Guangdong Indigenous Broadleaf Tree Species to Distribution Pattern of Climate." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1189.

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Indication function of Guangdong indigenous tree species to different climatic factors (mean annual temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours) was confirmed with indicator species analysis. The results showed that the climatic factors had significant influence on the distribution of indigenous tree species in the following order: mean annual temperature>mean annual sunshine hours>mean annual rainfall. Actinodaphne lecomtei, etc. were indicator species for north of Lianshan (≤19°C). Liquidambar acalycin, etc, were indicator species for Northern Guangdong's mountainous areas (≤1400 h). Adinandra megaphylla was indicator species for Yangjiang coastal regions (>2200 mm). This research provided scientific basis for indigenous broadleaves tree species selection in regional forestation.

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15

Jones, Ethel B., and Theresa Diss Greis. "The Decline of Annual Hours Worked in the United States Since 1947." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 39, no. 1 (October 1985): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2523554.

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Hüther, Michael, Markos Jung, and Thomas Obst. "Wachstum durch Beschäftigung: Potenziale der deutschen Volkswirtschaft." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 71, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2022-2074.

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Abstract Germany’s labour market faces substantial challenges caused by demographic change in the next decade. However, a country comparison with Sweden and Switzerland reveals hidden labour market potentials. Raising the employment rate towards the Swiss level implies an increase of 1.83 billion labour hours. An alignment of weekly working hours as well as annual working weeks in Germany with the (higher) values of those in Sweden and Switzerland would raise annual labour volume to 4.71 billion working hours. A reduction of involuntary part time work in Germany leads to an increase of 691 million working hours. A better utilisation of the existing labour force potential can thus contribute to tackle the adverse effects of demographic change and enable a state budget consolidation after the crisis.

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Gordon, Robert J. "Secular Stagnation: A Supply-Side View." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151102.

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Secular stagnation on the supply side takes the form of a slow 1.6 percent annual growth rate of US potential real GDP, roughly half the 3.1 percent annual growth rate of actual real GDP realized from 1972 to 2004. This slowdown stems from a sharp decline in the growth rate of aggregate hours of work and of output per hour. This paper attributes the productivity growth decline to diminishing returns in the digital revolution that had its peak effect business hardware, software, and best practices in the late 1990s but has resulted in little change in those methods over the past decade.

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18

Ryan, Lorraine, and Joseph Wallace. "Mutual Gains Success and Failure: Two Case Studies of Annual Hours in Ireland." Irish Journal of Management 38, no. 1 (August 6, 2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2018-0008.

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AbstractThis paper examines the conditions under which annual hours (AH) are likely to succeed or fail and the role of workplace partnership in delivering mutual gains. We explore two case studies, in one company with a positive experience and in a second where AH were regarded as a failed initiative. The case studies are constructed from interviews with trade union and management representatives in the companies involved; from secondary sources and from a worker survey. The findings echo previous research that AH can deliver mutual gains in both the presence and absence of workplace partnership (Author and Author, 2016) and that delivery of real mutual gains is the key driver of the long term viability of AH. However, the balance of mutual gains is subject to change and is strongly influenced by structural factors determining the suitability of AH to the particular enterprise.

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Hayek, Matthew N., Marcos Longo, Jin Wu, Marielle N. Smith, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Raphael Tapajós, Rodrigo da Silva, et al. "Carbon exchange in an Amazon forest: from hours to years." Biogeosciences 15, no. 15 (August 15, 2018): 4833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4833-2018.

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Abstract. In Amazon forests, the relative contributions of climate, phenology, and disturbance to net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) are not well understood. To partition influences across various timescales, we use a statistical model to represent eddy-covariance-derived NEE in an evergreen eastern Amazon forest as a constant response to changing meteorology and phenology throughout a decade. Our best fit model represented hourly NEE variations as changes due to sunlight, while seasonal variations arose from phenology influencing photosynthesis and from rainfall influencing ecosystem respiration, where phenology was asynchronous with dry-season onset. We compared annual model residuals with biometric forest surveys to estimate impacts of drought disturbance. We found that our simple model represented hourly and monthly variations in NEE well (R2=0.81 and 0.59, respectively). Modeled phenology explained 1 % of hourly and 26 % of monthly variations in observed NEE, whereas the remaining modeled variability was due to changes in meteorology. We did not find evidence to support the common assumption that the forest phenology was seasonally light- or water-triggered. Our model simulated annual NEE well, with the exception of 2002, the first year of our data record, which contained 1.2 MgC ha−1 of residual net emissions, because photosynthesis was anomalously low. Because a severe drought occurred in 1998, we hypothesized that this drought caused a persistent, multi-year depression of photosynthesis. Our results suggest drought can have lasting impacts on photosynthesis, possibly via partial damage to still-living trees.

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Benmedjahed, Miloud, Abdeldjalil Dahbi, Abdelkader Hadidi, and Samir Mouhadjer. "Temperature and Wind Distribution Effects on Wind Energy Production in Adrar Region (Southern Algeria)." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 8 (December 30, 2021): 1473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160808.

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The hottest transitions occur in the summer, as we notice during this period the peak of electricity consumption in Adrar, where the electricity network must use all kinds of energy, especially the wind energy produced by Cabertein wind farm. We evaluated the effect of temperature and wind distribution on the energy produced by one of Gamesa G52 wind turbines, and this was done by studying the wind distribution and determining the number of hours per year according to five cases. Finally, to estimate the monthly produced energy, we used a logical temperature equation, and then we determined the seasonal and annual energy. Low winds are the only reason why wind turbines are unable to produce electricity for a monthly period ranging from 152 An hour (May) to 274 hours (September), meaning that the seasonal production stop, for this reason, ranges between 590 hours (spring) and 779 hours (summer), with an average of 2736 hours per year, while temperatures did not constitute an obstacle to electricity production except. In three months for a short period of 2 hours (June and July) and 22 hours (August), affecting production in the summer season, with an estimated time of 26 hours.

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Čelakovská, Jarmila, Josef Bukač, Lenka Čáková, Marie Šimková, and Eva Jandová. "Epidemiology of Melanoma in the Czech Republic in East Bohemia in the Period 2002–2017 and the Effect of the Annual Sunshine Exposure." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 63, no. 1 (2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2020.10.

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Aim: The evaluation of the trend in the occurrence of melanoma nodulare, melanoma superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ in the period of 2002–2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. We examine if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine could affect the number of patients with melanoma. Method: In the peridod of 2002–2017, altogether 2230 patients with new diagnosis of melanoma were examined. We studied 1) If there is some trend in the occurrence of lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ, melanoma superficiale, and melanoma nodulare and if there is a difference in the age of patients with this diagnosis (adjusted calculation of specific kind of melanomas and adjusted calculation of age). 2) If the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the trend in the occurrence of melanoma and if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the body site of melanoma. Results and conclusion: Our study confirmed that the number of patients with lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ had increased in East Bohemia region in the period of 2002–2017. The number of melanomas of nodular and superficial type does not increase. The total number of melanomas in this period does not increase either. No difference of the age of patients with melanoma nodulare, superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ was confirmed. We confirmed no relation of the annual numbers of hours of sunshine to the number of melanoma and to the body site of melanoma.

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Schroeder, Brett, Jerome Graber, and Emmanuel Cuevas. "NCOG-75. ESTIMATED PHYSICIAN COST OF A NEURO-ONCOLOGY MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM (MDT) TUMOR BOARD MEETING AT A SINGLE ACADEMIC CENTER." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.612.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) to improve coordination across disciplines have become commonplace in oncology. Quantifying the impact of MDTs is challenging, and they carry significant costs. Weekly neuro-oncology tumor boards are attended by neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation-oncologists, neuro-radiologists, neuro-pathologists, and support staff including mid-level practitioners, research coordinators, social workers, nurses and trainees. Our aim was to estimate costs associated with neuro-oncology MDTs. METHODS The estimated physician cost of MDT meetings were calculated from reported salaries of each physician specialty. Annual salaries from the Doximity 2019 Physician Compensation Report (PCR) included data for 4 neurosurgeons, 4 radiation-oncologists, 2 radiologists, 2 oncologists, and 2 neurologists. Medscape 2019 PCR data was compiled for 4 general surgeons, 2 radiologists, 2 oncologists, 2 pathologists, and 2 neurologists. The Physician Wages Across Specialties by Leigh in 2011 (JAMA) was utilized for 4 neurosurgeons, 4 radiation oncologists, 2 oncologists, and 2 neurologists. Annual salary data was divided by annual hours per specialty as reported by the Annual Work Hours Across Specialties, 2011. These values were then applied to an MDT for one patient, one hour, weekly, and annually. RESULTS The Doximity 2019 PCR yielded a per meeting cost of $2,520.84, and an annual cost of $131,083.68. The Medscape 2019 PCR produced a cost of $1,570.60 weekly, and $81,671.20 annually. JAMA data estimated a per meeting cost of $1,448.06, and $75.299.12. The mean per meeting and annual costs were $1846.50, and $96,018.00, respectively. With 6-10 cases per MDT, the mean costs per patient were $184.65 to $307.75. CONCLUSIONS Costs of MDT are not negligible. The impact of MDTs on patient outcomes are harder to quantify, but evidence exists that organized MDTs improve patient prognosis, and unorganized MDTs may negatively affect prognosis. Processes to streamline MDTs could help answer outcomes research questions, improve efficiency, and generate clinically relevant performance metrics.

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Mautone, Susan G. "Toward a New Paradigm in Graduate Medical Education in the United States: Elimination of the 24-Hour Call." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00061.1.

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Abstract Background Sleep deprivation negatively affects resident performance, education, and safety. Concerns over these effects have prompted efforts to reduce resident hours. This article describes the design and implementation of a scheduling system with no continuous 24-hour calls. Aims included meeting Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education work hour requirements without increasing resident complement, maximizing continuity of learning and patient care, maintaining patient care quality, and acceptance by residents, faculty, and administration. Methods Various coverage options were formulated and discussed. The final schedule was the product of consensus. After re-engineering the master rotation schedule, service-specific conversion of on-call schedules was initiated in July 2003 and completed in July 2004. Annual in-training and certifying examination performance, length of stay, patient mortalities, resident motor vehicle accidents/near misses, and resident satisfaction with the new scheduling system were tracked. Results Continuous 24-hour call has been eliminated from the program since July 2004, with the longest assigned shift being 14 hours. Residents have at least 1 free weekend per month, a 10-hour break between consecutive assigned duty hours, and a mandatory 4-hour “nap” break if assigned a night shift immediately following a day shift. Program-wide, duty hours average 66 hours per week for first-year residents, 63 hours per week for second-year residents, and 60 hours per week for third-year residents. Self-reported motor vehicle accidents and/or near misses of accidents significantly decreased (P < .001) and resident satisfaction increased (P = .42). The change was accomplished at no additional cost to the institution and with no adverse patient care or educational outcomes. Conclusions Pediatric residency training with restriction to 14 consecutive duty hours is effective and well accepted by stakeholders. Five years later, the re-engineered schedule has become the new “normal” for our program.

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Sarapata, Sonia. "Evaluation of the solar conditions for the acquisitions of energy from renewable sources on the base of Sosnowiec city (Poland)." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ctg-2014-0026.

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Abstract The country’s energy security risk, as well as a desire to protect the environment from the pollution and degradation which are the results of conventional fuels acquisition - these was a motivation for intensive researches on the use of renewable energy sources in eco - innovative installations. Solar radiation is one of the self - renewable energy sources which can be used both as a source of electricity and heat. The area of research is Sosnowiec city located in the south of Poland in the eastern part of Silesia voivodeship. The solar radiation data covering the years 2003 to 2013 was used. The intra - annual variability of daily averaged solar radiation hesitated in a wide range from 0.6 kWh/m2 (December) to 5.2 kWh/m2 (June). Day duration varies on average from 10 hours in January, November and December to 17 hours in May, June and July. Day occupies 56% of the 8767 hours in year. On average the largest amount of energy reached the analyzed area in July: 157 kWh/m2 (15% of the annual average), while the smallest in December: 18 kWh/m2 (less than 2% of the annual average). The 75% of the average annual total of energy falls on the period from 1st March to 31th August (spring - summer). The range of the annual solar radiation was determined by the minimum of 980 kWh/m2 and the maximum of 1094 kWh/m2. In Sosnowiec the average annual irradiation total on the horizontal surface amounts to 1052 kWh/m2 (2003 - 2013)

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Voth, Hans-Joachim. "Time and Work in Eighteenth-Century London." Journal of Economic History 58, no. 1 (March 1998): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700019872.

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Witnesses' accounts are used to analyze changes in working hours between 1750 and 1800. Two findings stand out. The article demonstrates that the information contained in witnesses' accounts allows us to reconstruct historical time-budgets and provides extensive tests of the new method. Estimates of annual labor input in 1749/63 and 1799/1803 are presented. It emerges that the number of annual working hours changed rapidly between the middle and the of the eighteenth century. These findings have important implications for the issue of total factor productivity during the Industrial Revolution.

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Zhang, Fujie, Zihan Liu, Lili Zhangzhong, Jingxin Yu, Kaili Shi, and Li Yao. "Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Reference Evapotranspiration in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2019." Water 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 3495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123495.

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Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an important part of the water cycle and energy cycle during crop growth. Understanding the influencing factors and spatiotemporal variations of ET0 can guide regional water-saving irrigation and regulate agricultural production. Data for daily meteorological observations of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours from 38 surface meteorological stations were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and trends in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2019. (1) The ET0 from 1980 to 2019 was 1070.5 mm, and there was a significant downward trend in the climate tendency rate of −7.92/10 a. The climate of Shandong Province became warmer and drier. The average annual temperature showed a significant upward trend, while the average annual relative humidity and average annual sunshine hours showed significant downward trends. (2) The annual ET0 ratio in spring, summer, autumn, and winter was 29%, 40%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. (3) A change in Shandong Province’s interannual ET0 occurred in 2002, with a decrease of 130.74 mm since then. (4) The ET0 was positively correlated with temperature, wind speed, and sunshine hours and negatively correlated with relative humidity. This study provides a scientific basis for the regulation and control of agricultural production in Shandong Province.

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Dmitrenko, D. O. "Legal regulation of working hours and rest periods of seafarers in Ukraine and Finland." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 64 (August 14, 2021): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.32.

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The article considers the legal regulation of working hours and rest periods of seafarers under the legislation of Ukraine in the comparative legal aspect with the legislation of Finland. Much attention is given to an analysis of working hours of seafarers, compensation for the overtime work and securance of the right of annual leave and regular periods of rest under the legislation of Ukraine and Finland, as well as conformity of Ukrainian labour legislation and social rights of seafarers with the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC, 2006), and with the legislation of Finland. Ukraine hasn’t ratified any of the International Labour Organisation Conventions relating to working time and periods of rest of seafarers, and these issues are governed by the Regulation «On working hours and periods of rest of floating sea and river transport of Ukraine» (approved by Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine № 135 from 29.02.2012). Finland’s trade unions play an important role in working life of seafarers, by not only protecting their rights and providing decent working conditions, but also by deviations from certain provision of the Seamen’s Working Time Act (296/1976). Those deviations can concern reduction of duration of working hours, increase of payments for overtime work, providing additional rest time, etc. It is concluded that the labor legislation of Ukraine does not contain provisions on imposing sanctions on captain or shipowner in case of violation of seafarer’s right of normal working hours, annual leave and regular periods of rest, while in Finland, captain or shipowner can be prosecuted for improper or malicious violation of the procedure of the register of working hours, rest periods, compensation payments and annual leaves. Also Ukrainian legislation provide no legal mechanism for obtaining state and social guarantees by seafarers. The article suggests changes to national legislation by passing the law regarding seafarers labour rights and ratification of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC, 2006).

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Lindsay, Holly, Saleh Bhar, Challice Bonifant, Sarah Sartain, Sarah B. Whittle, Youngna Lee-Kim, and Mona D. Shah. "Work efficiency improvement of >90% after implementation of an annual inpatient blood products administration consent form." BMJ Open Quality 7, no. 1 (January 2018): e000164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000164.

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Paediatric haematology, oncology and bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients frequently require transfusion of blood products. Our institution required a new transfusion consent be obtained every admission. The objectives of this project were to: revise inpatient blood products consent form to be valid for 1 year, decrease provider time spent consenting from 15 to <5 min per admission, and improve provider frustration with the consent process. Over 6 months, we determined the average number of hospitalisations requiring transfusions in a random sampling of haematology/oncology/BMT inpatients. We surveyed nurses and providers regarding frustration levels and contact required regarding consents. Four and 12 months after implementation of the annual consent, providers and nurses were resurveyed, and new inpatient cohorts were assessed. Comparison of preintervention and postintervention time data allowed calculation of provider time reduction, a surrogate measure of improved work efficiency. Prior to the annual consent, >33 hours were spent over 6 months obtaining consent on 40 patients, with >19 hours spent obtaining consent when no transfusions were administered during admission. Twelve months after annual consent implementation, 97.5% (39/40) of analysed patients had a completed annual blood products transfusion consent and provider work efficiency had improved by 94.6% (>30 hours). Although several surveyed variables improved following annual consent implementation, provider frustration with consent process remained 6 out of a max score of 10, the same level as prior to the intervention. Development of an annual inpatient blood products consent form decreased provider time from 15 to <1 min per admission, decreased consenting numbers and increased work efficiency by >90%.

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Cottey, Laura, Tom Roberts, Blair Graham, Daniel Horner, Kara Nicola Stevens, Doyo Enki, Mark David Lyttle, and Jos Latour. "Need for recovery amongst emergency physicians in the UK and Ireland: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e041485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041485.

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ObjectivesTo determine the need for recovery (NFR) among emergency physicians and to identify demographic and occupational characteristics associated with higher NFR scores.DesignCross-sectional electronic survey.SettingEmergency departments (EDs) (n=112) in the UK and Ireland.ParticipantsEmergency physicians, defined as any registered physician working principally within the ED, responding between June and July 2019.Main outcome measureNFR Scale, an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses how work demands affect intershift recovery.ResultsThe median NFR Score for all 4247 eligible, consented participants with a valid NFR Score was 70.0 (95% CI: 65.5 to 74.5), with an IQR of 45.5–90.0. A linear regression model indicated statistically significant associations between gender, health conditions, type of ED, clinical grade, access to annual and study leave, and time spent working out-of-hours. Groups including male physicians, consultants, general practitioners (GPs) within the ED, those working in paediatric EDs and those with no long-term health condition or disability had a lower NFR Score. After adjusting for these characteristics, the NFR Score increased by 3.7 (95% CI: 0.3 to 7.1) and 6.43 (95% CI: 2.0 to 10.8) for those with difficulty accessing annual and study leave, respectively. Increased percentage of out-of-hours work increased NFR Score almost linearly: 26%–50% out-of-hours work=5.7 (95% CI: 3.1 to 8.4); 51%–75% out-of-hours work=10.3 (95% CI: 7.6 to 13.0); 76%–100% out-of-hours work=14.5 (95% CI: 11.0 to 17.9).ConclusionHigher NFR scores were observed among emergency physicians than reported in any other profession or population to date. While out-of-hours working is unavoidable, the linear relationship observed suggests that any reduction may result in NFR improvement. Evidence-based strategies to improve well-being such as proportional out-of-hours working and improved access to annual and study leave should be carefully considered and implemented where feasible.

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Gellert, George A., Crystal Delacerda, Lajja Patel, and Gabriel Maciaz. "Easing hospitalist electronic health record burden through clinical workstation single sign-on." Journal of Hospital Administration 9, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v9n3p24.

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Background: Computer workstation single sign-on (SSO) was implemented in 19 hospitals to reduce manual keyboard login and expedite access to the electronic health record (EHR) and clinical applications.Objective: To quantify hospitalists time liberated from EHR keyboard to focus on patient care, and estimate financial value of this time for hospitalists.Methods: Login duration prior to and after SSO implementation were compared in eight hospitals. Using national estimates of hospitalist hourly wage, dollar values of time liberated from keyboard were calculated, stratified by different levels of total EHR use.Results: Following SSO implementation, first of shift login decreased 5.3 seconds (15.3%), and reconnect duration decreased 20.4 seconds (69.9%). The volume of hospitalist EHR use among all physician end users comprises 70%-90% of all electronic documentation and clinical orders issued, yielding an annual range of 10,302 hours (or 858.5 12-hour shifts) to 13,245 hours (or 1,103.8 12-hour shifts) in hospitalist time liberated from keyboard for patient care, with recurrent annual value of $1,164,126 to $1,496,685.Conclusions: Hospitalists gained meaningful amounts of time for patient care from SSO implementation. This time accrued to substantial financial value. SSO eases the EHR burden of hospitalists, and facilities using hospitalists extensively should consider SSO implementation.

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Jenkins, Jamie. "Linking the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings to the Census: a feasibility study." Economic & Labour Market Review 2, no. 2 (February 2008): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2008.25.

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Wise, J. "NHS exceeds targets on MRSA, waiting times, and GP opening hours, says annual report." BMJ 338, may26 1 (May 26, 2009): b2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2114.

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Barker, Whitnee L., Josh B. Beam, and Shawn D. Askew. "Persistence of Rimsulfuron on Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Foliage." Weed Technology 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-017r1.1.

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Field studies have shown that rimsulfuron can move laterally with mower tires and injure neighboring cool-season grasses, indicating that persistent chemical can dislodge from turfgrass foliage. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate persistence and stability of14C rimsulfuron on perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass foliage. Rimsulfuron was absorbed by annual bluegrass and perennial ryegrass equivalently, and persisted equally on foliage of each species. When extracted with a water rinse, 57% of applied rimsulfuron was recovered after 10 min, and 42% of applied rimsulfuron was recovered after 96 h. Rimsulfuron was stable 4 d after application based on comparison of rinse water chromatograms to stock solution chromatograms. These data indicate that appreciable rimsulfuron persists on turf foliage for 4 d. Thus, limiting traffic on treated areas for several hours to allow drying is not a viable method to prevent lateral relocation of rimsulfuron, and subsequent injury to cool-season turfgrasses.

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Ortatatli, M., L. Kenar, R. Gumral, A. Bayir, I. Arziman, and M. Durusu. "(P1-81) Differences between Radiation Dosages to Which the Radiology Department Staff and the Public were Exposed." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004134.

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IntroductionIn this study, the mean daily and annual radiation exposure of the radiology department staff, other hospital health staff, and public volunteers was compared at Maresal Cakmak Military Hospital in Erzurum, Turkey.MethodsThe NEB.211 Dose–Rate Meter with a Gaiger–Müller counter was used to measure the amount of radiation. Six radiology department health staff carried the NEB.211 device during seven working hours. At the end of the day, total absorbed dosages were noted. The same measurements were also done for the six health staff of the other departments and six non-hospital volunteers. Seventeen additional hours were noted for the non-hospital volunteers. The mean value of 17 hours of daily measurements (3.31 mSv) was added to the both group's working hours measurements and the total daily radiation amounts were calculated.ResultsThere was no statistical difference between each three groups in working hours (p = 0.087), daily and annual equivalent dosages (for both p = 0.099).DiscussionThe radiology department health staff was exposed to radiation under the border of equivalent dosage which is determined by Turkish Automic Energy Authority. Public volunteers were seen as they were exposed the radiation over the determined border of equivalent dosage. Nonetheless, with changes depending on living standards, the physical properties of living spaces and geographical circumstances per capita exposed annual dosage is about 2.4–2.8 mSv throughout the world. There was no significant statistical difference between the amounts of equivalent dosage which were exposed to the radiology department health staff, the other hospital staff and public members.

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Ramey, Valerie A., and Neville Francis. "A Century of Work and Leisure." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.1.2.189.

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We develop comprehensive measures of time spent in market work, home production, schooling, and leisure in the United States for the last 106 years. We find that hours of work for prime age individuals are essentially unchanged, with the rise in women's hours fully compensating for the decline in men's hours. Hours worked by those 14 to 24 years old have declined noticeably, but most of this decline was offset by a rise in hours spent in school. Overall, per capita leisure and average annual lifetime leisure increased by only four or five hours per week during the last 100 years. (JEL D13, J16, J22)

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Aldrich, Mark. "The Gender Gap in Earnings during World War II: New Evidence." ILR Review 42, no. 3 (April 1989): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200307.

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Contrary to the widely held belief that women's earnings rose relative to men's during World War II because of women's unprecedented movement into heavy manufacturing industries, the author of this study finds that the national all-industry earnings of women during the war fell compared to those of men. In Pennsylvania, Illinois, and New York, the relative weekly and annual earnings of female manufacturing workers rose, but at a rate below that of the long-term trend. Overall, the decline in women's weekly and annual earnings compared to men's probably resulted from the relative increase in men's hours worked—a result of state protective legislation that limited women's hours of work.

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Huang, Yuxin, Shurui Guo, Zhu Cheng, Ning Mao, and Enshen long. "Is the heating energy saving effect by lowering the temperature setpoint similar in different functional buildings?" E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019803005.

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It is known that reducing the temperature setpoint is an effective heating energy saving measure for all kinds of buildings. This study focuses on the heating demand saving effect of the same buildings for different functional uses based on the same climatic background (Beijing) and the same reduction in the heating setpoint. Through comprehensive analysis of the absolute energy saving amount (ESA) and the relative energy saving ratio (ESR) from different time perspectives, the heating energy saving mechanism in reducing the heating temperature is discussed. Two types of completely different heating saving mechanisms were found: (1) the behavioural energy saving (BES) was dominated by those heating hours in which the outdoor air temperature or indoor integrated temperature was in the reducing range of heating setpoint, and(2) the energy saving of the temperature difference (ESTD) is dominated the rest heating hours. When the buildings were used for different functions, the annual ESA was determined by the numbers of the above two types of heating hours, and the annual heating ESR was mainly determined by the heating hours when the heating demand was large.

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Cross, Gary. "Worktime between Haymarket and the Popular Front: An International Perspective." International Labor and Working-Class History 30 (1986): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900016859.

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The quest for an eight-hour day was the central issue of the struggles leading to the Haymarket massacre of 1886. It also was at the heart of a widening scope of labor activity in the 1880s. The AFL's call for national eight-hour demonstrations on May 1, 1890 encouraged admiring European labor movements to join the Americans in an international strike for eight hours, the event which partially inspired the organizing of the Second International. Given these often-noted facts, it is ironic that the history of the hours issue after 1890, and especially between World War I and the popular front, when the major reductions in worktime occurred, has been largely neglected by American and European labor historians. In the half-century between Haymarket and the popular front worktime particularly dominated the attention of international labor and produced the forty-hour week standard and the ideal of the annual vacation.

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Cross, Gary. "Worktime between Haymarket and the Popular Front: An International Perspective." International Labor and Working-Class History 30 (1986): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900003872.

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The quest for an eight-hour day was the central issue of the struggles leading to the Haymarket massacre of 1886. It also was at the heart of a widening scope of labor activity in the 1880s. The AFL's call for national eight-hour demonstrations on May 1, 1890 encouraged admiring European labor movements to join the Americans in an international strike for eight hours, the event which partially inspired the organizing of the Second International. Given these often-noted facts, it is ironic that the history of the hours issue after 1890, and especially between World War I and the popular front, when the major reductions in worktime occurred, has been largely neglected by American and European labor historians. In the half-century between Haymarket and the popular front worktime particularly dominated the attention of international labor and produced the forty-hour week standard and the ideal of the annual vacation.

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Kane, Sarah M., Nazema Y. Siddiqui, Jennifer Bailit, and May Hsieh Blanchard. "Duty Hour Restrictions, Ambulatory Experience, and Surgical Procedural Volume in Obstetrics and Gynecology." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00076.1.

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Abstract Background Prior studies of resident experience in gynecology looked only at the year before and after adoption of ACGME duty hour standards. This study sought to determine whether procedure volume differed after completion of a 4-year residency training program, before and after work hour reform. Method Inpatient and outpatient procedures performed by MetroHealth Medical Center/Cleveland Clinic program residents from 1998 to 2006 were obtained from Annual Reports of Institutional and Resident Experience. Four-year experience before and after duty hour restrictions were compared: hours worked were collected from resident schedules, ambulatory hours and procedures were compared directly, surgical procedures and deliveries were compared using a 2-tailed t test. Data were also obtained for institutional volume changes, and a corrected value, based on the rates of resident cases per available cases, was analyzed. Results Ambulatory hours worked per resident decreased after implementing work hour reform from 674 to 366 hours. The types of ambulatory and surgical procedures performed varied over time. Overall, basic surgical and obstetrical volume per resident did not change before and after work hour reform (mean before reform, 723 ± 117, mean after reform, 781 ± 200, P = .58 for gynecologic procedures; mean before reform, 611 ± 107, mean after reform, 535 ± 73, P = .18 for basic obstetrics and vaginal and cesarean deliveries). Institutional volume did not change significantly, although the percentage of the institutions' cases performed by residents did decrease for some procedures. Conclusion The ACGME duty hour restrictions do not limit the overall ambulatory or surgical procedural volume in an obstetrics and gynecology residency-training period.

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Manning, Diana L., Martin M. Parsons, and Lou Weaver. "A CFR 1910 SOLUTION TO A MOBILE AND CHANGING WORK FORCE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-355.

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ABSTRACT Ship Escort Response Vessel System (SERVS) has a large contingency of fishing vessels, from Alaska coastal communities, on contract for specialized oil spill response. To Hazwoper train this vast, mobile and changing work force meant a 24-hour Hazwoper class and yearly refreshers for all crewmembers. SERVS found it difficult to keep records current on this mobile workforce. Federal Occupational Safety Health Association (OSHA) and SERVS made an alliance allowing SERVS to teach 24-hour Marine Hazwoper. The 24-hour Marine Hazwoper format keeps the fishermen current each year without the annual refresher or the detailed tracking of the 24-hour Hazwoper. The 24-hour Marine Hazwoper gives SERVS the flexibility to meet our Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 1910 training demands and to directly structure the skills training. SERVS wanted to develop a training program, which met Federal Regulations, was easy to track, and maintained a well-trained fishing vessel fleet. SERVS, Federal and Alaska State OSHA developed a training regiment for SERVS and the Fishing Vessel Program. During the annual Fishing Vessel Training each spring and fall the fishermen are given 5 hours of classroom training. Four hours are devoted to regulatory requirements related to spills. The fifth hour builds on training they have already had or on a new subject. The remaining 20 hours are spent on water, training the fishing fleet in oil spill tactics. SERVS has two methods of checking the fleet's proficiency. The Equipment Proficiency Matrix allows SERVS to keep a detailed accounting of the equipment each fishing vessel/fishermen has operated. The Hazwoper Evaluation Matrix allows SERVS to evaluate each unit in the various on-water activities, assuring compliance with OSHA. The first roll out of 24 Hour Marine Hazwoper was Fall 2003. It successfully met the requirements of CFR 1910. The 24 Hour Marine Hazwoper could be the answer to compliance of Federal Regulation for many organizations and companies, which are challenged by a mobile and changing workforce. The 24 Hour Marine Hazwoper meets the needs of SERVS vast, mobile and changing fishing vessel fleet, which keeps our Fishing Vessel Program in compliance.

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HUBERMAN, MICHAEL. "Working Hours of the World Unite? New International Evidence of Worktime, 1870–1913." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 4 (December 2004): 964–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704043050.

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This article constructs new measures of worktime for Europe, North America, and Australia, 1870–1913. Great Britain began with the shortest work year and Belgium the longest. By 1913 certain continental countries approached British worktimes, and, consistent with recent findings on real wages, annual hours in Old and New Worlds had converged. Although globalization did not lead to a race to the bottom of worktimes, there is only partial evidence of a race to the top. National work routines, the outcome of different legal, labor, and political histories, mediated relations between hours and income.

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Jung, Nam Chul, and Seok Woo Jeong. "Disclosure Inconsistency of Audit Hours in Annual and Audit Reports and Economic Consequence of Firm." Review of Accounting and Policy Studies 25, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21737/raps.2020.05.25.2.145.

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Daniels, Hywel. "Patterns of pay: results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 1997 to 2007." Economic & Labour Market Review 2, no. 2 (February 2008): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2008.23.

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Dobbs, Clive. "Patterns of pay: results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 1997 to 2008." Economic & Labour Market Review 3, no. 3 (March 2009): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2009.41.

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Holdsworth, Ceri. "Patterns of pay: results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 1997 to 2009." Economic & Labour Market Review 4, no. 3 (March 2010): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2010.38.

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Pike, Ryan. "Patterns of pay: Results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 1997 to 2010." Economic & Labour Market Review 5, no. 3 (March 2011): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2011.29.

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Dobbs, Clive. "Patterns of pay: results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 1997 to 2006." Economic & Labour Market Review 1, no. 2 (February 2007): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.elmr.1410028.

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Maoz, Yishay David. "LABOR HOURS IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE: THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT LEISURE PREFERENCES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2010): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509090191.

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Since 1900, annual working hours per worker have been generally declining in the United States and in the main European economies. During this simultaneous decline the Europeans initially worked fewer hours than their American counterparts, worked more than the Americans starting in the early 1930s, and once again worked less than the American from the early 1970s on. Using a two-country model, this article argues that this dynamic pattern can be brought about by differences in the valuation of leisure by individuals in the compared economies.

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Mitz-Hernandez, Enrique, Miguel Gijón-Rivera, and Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio. "Annual thermal performance assessment of a regenerative evaporative cooling system under different climate conditions in Mexico." Indoor and Built Environment 31, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 988–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x211045732.

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A numerical heat and mass transfer model with thermophysical properties dependent on the temperature, humidity ratio and atmospheric pressure was developed. The numerical model was verified and validated against literature, and it showed good agreements. The pseudo-transient model provides a low-cost computational tool to evaluate the potential and performance of a dew point evaporative cooling system for a wide range of extreme climate conditions (BWh, BSh, Cw and Aw from Köppen classification). A parametric analysis of different operational and design conditions in the evaporative cooler was conducted. Results show that there is an optimal channel length for given climatic conditions. The Dew-point evaporative cooling (DPEC) system showed that the best thermal performance corresponds to the climate very arid (Hermosillo – BWh) with 4018 comfort hours (83.1%) followed by the climate arid (Monterrey – BSh) with 3470 comfort hours (90.9%), the mild climate (Puebla – Cw) with 295 comfort hours (100%) and the warm climate (Cancun – Aw) with 3452 comfort hours (62.3%). Finally, an engineering correlation for constant atmospheric pressure and channel length was obtained ([Formula: see text] of 93%).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Annual hours'

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