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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Annelids'
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1
Ogino, Tetsuya. "Environmental adaptation mechanism in marine annelids." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242707.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第21830号
農博第2343号
新制||農||1068(附属図書館)
学位論文||H31||N5202(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 佐藤 健司, 教授 澤山 茂樹, 准教授 豊原 治彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当
2
Tilic, Ekin [Verfasser]. "Ultrastructure, Formation and Evolution of Chaetae in Annelids / Ekin Tilic." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096329972/34.
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McDougall, Carmel. "Comparative biology of Pomatoceros lamarckii and Dix evolution in annelids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497051.
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Jennings, Robert M. (Robert Michael). "Mitochondrial genomics and northwestern Atlantic population genetics of marine annelids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39191.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
The overarching goal of this thesis was to investigate marine benthic invertebrate phylogenetics and population genetics, focused on the phylum Annelida. Recent expansions of molecular methods and the increasing diversity of available markers have allowed more complex and fine-scale questions to be asked at a variety of taxonomic levels. At the phylogenetic level, whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of two polychaetes (the deep-sea tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and the intertidal bamboo worm Clymenella torquata) supports the placement of leeches and oligochaetes within the polychaete radiation, in keeping with molecular evidence and morphological reinvestigations. This re-interpretation, first proposed by others, synonomizes "Annelida" and "Polychaeta", and lends further support to the inclusion of echiurids, siboglinids (previously called vestimentiferans) within annelids, and sipunculans as close allies. The complete mt-genome of C. torquata was then rapidly screened to obtain markers useful in short timescale population genetics.
(cont.) Two quickly evolving mitochondrial markers were sequenced from ten populations of C. torquata from the Bay of Fundy to New Jersey to investigate previous hypotheses that the Cape Cod, MA peninsula is a barrier to gene flow in the northwest Atlantic. A barrier to gene flow was found, but displaced south of Cape Cod, between Rhode Island and Long Island, NY. Imposed upon this pattern was a gradient in genetic diversity presumably due to previous glaciation, with northern populations exhibiting greatly reduced diversity relative to southern sites. These trends in C. torquata, combined with other recent short time scale population genetic research, highlight the lack of population genetics models relevant to marine benthic invertebrates. To this end, I constructed a model including a typical benthic invertebrate life cycle, and described the patterns of genetic differentiation at the juvenile and adult stages. Model analysis indicates that selection operating at the post- settlement stage may be extremely important in structuring genetic differentiation between populations and life stages. Further, it demonstrates how combined genetic analysis of sub-adult and adult samples can provide more information about population dynamics than either could alone.
by Robert M. Jennings.
Ph.D.
5
Parry, Luke Alexander. "A palaeontological perspective on the early evolution and phylogeny of annelids." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738261.
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Elsworth, Benjamin Lloyd. "Unearthing the genome of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7596.
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The earthworm has long been of interest to biologists, most notably Charles Darwin, who was the first to reveal their true role as eco-engineers of the soil. However, to fully understand an animal one needs to combine observational data with the fundamental building blocks of life, DNA. For many years, sequencing a genome was an incredibly costly and time-consuming process. Recent advances in sequencing technology have led to high quality, high throughput data being available at low cost. Although this provides large amounts of sequence data, the bioinformatics knowledge required to assemble and annotate these new data are still in their infancy. This bottleneck is slowly opening up, and with it come the first glimpses into the new and exciting biology of many new species. This thesis provides the first high quality draft genome assembly and annotation of an earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. The assembly process and resulting data highlight the complexity of assembling a eukaryotic genome using short read data. To improve assembly, a novel approach was created utilising transcripts to scaffold the genome (https://github.com/elswob/SCUBAT). The annotation of the assembly provides the draft of the complete proteome, which is also supported by the first RNA-Seq generated transcriptome. These annotations have enabled detailed analysis of the protein coding genes including comparative analysis with two other annelids (a leech and a polychaete worm) and a symbiont (Verminephrobacter). This analysis identified four key areas which appear to be either highly enhanced or unique to L. rubellus. Three of these may be related to the unique environment from which the sequenced worms originated and add to the mounting evidence for the use of earthworms as bioindicators of soil quality. All data is stored in relational databases and available to search and browse via a website at www.earthworms.org. It is hoped that this genome will provide a springboard for many future investigations into the earthworm and continue research into this wonderful animal.
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Georgieva, Magdalena Nikolaeva. "Tube-building annelids from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps : tube morphology, fossilisation, and evolutionary history." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15492/.
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Problems with the identification of tubular fossils from ancient hydrothermal vent and cold seep deposits have hindered understanding of the evolutionary history of vent and seep communities. This thesis aims to (1) improve knowledge of lesser-studied tubicolous annelids occupying vents and seeps, (2) study the diversity of tubes at vents and seeps, (3) investigate the fossilisation of tubes within modern vents and seeps, (4) better interpret the fossil record, and (5) provide insights into the palaeoecology these environments. Results presented here on investigations of Sclerolinum contortum, a species belonging to a little- studied genus of the major vent/seep dwelling annelid family Siboglinidae, demonstrate that it exhibits tube morphological plasticity, wide habitat preferences and a global distribution spanning the Arctic to the Southern Ocean. These results also suggest that this species has dispersed throughout this range using chemosynthetic habitats as stepping stones. A detailed investigation of the full mineralisation process of Alvinella (Alvinellidae) tubes at modern hydrothermal vents shows that these tubes are fossilised by pyrite and silica that template organic tube layers, and that microorganisms living on tube surfaces are also exceptionally well-preserved alongside the tubes. No known ancient vent tube fossils resemble mineralised Alvinella tubes. A major morphological and compositional comparison of both modern and fossil tubes from vents and seeps revealed that two fossil tube types from the Mesozoic were likely made by vestimentiferans (Siboglinidae), suggesting that this major vent and seep annelid lineage has a longer history within vents and seeps than proposed by molecular clock age estimates. This analysis also demonstrates the need for greater caution in assigning affinities to fossil vent and seep tubes. Finally, this thesis reports the remarkable preservation of filamentous microorganisms on the walls of Silurian vent tube fossils, giving the first insights into ecological associations between microbes and metazoans within the oldest known hydrothermal vent community.
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Tanaka, Sota. "Behavior of radioactive cesium through the food chain in arthropods and annelids after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242703.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第21826号
農博第2339号
新制||農||1067(附属図書館)
学位論文||H31||N5198(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)准教授 髙橋 知之, 教授 北山 兼弘, 准教授 刑部 正博
学位規則第4条第1項該当
9
Thamm, Katrin [Verfasser]. "Involvement of the Notch-signaling pathway in the development of the two polychaete annelids Capitella sp. I and Platynereis dumerilii / Katrin Thamm." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1058561766/34.
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Vullien, Aurore. "Conservation évolutive et rôles de la signalisation par les ROS durant l'initiation de la régénération. Apport du cnidaire Nematostella vectensis et de l'annélide Platynereis dumerilii." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6013.
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La régénération, ie la capacité à reformer une partie du corps perdue suite à une blessure ou une amputation, est un phénomène répandu chez les métazoaires. Toutefois les capacités régénératives varient selon les espèces, de quelques types cellulaires à l'intégralité du corps à partir d'un fragment. Bien que des étapes stéréotypiques (cicatrisation, mobilisation de précurseurs, morphogénèse) soient retrouvées chez toutes les espèces étudiées, on ignore encore largement si la régénération repose sur des mécanisme moléculaires et cellulaires conservés chez les métazoaires, ou si plusieurs aspects du processus régénératif ont évolué indépendamment selon les lignées.Durant la dernière décennie, des études ont mis en évidence après amputation chez divers modèles une production d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ou ROS), nécessaire au succès de la régénération. Pour déterminer si la production de ROS est une composante systématique de la régénération des métazoaires et si son rôle repose sur des mécanismes conservés, mon travail de thèse a exploré cette thématique chez deux modèles émergents : l'annélide Platynereis dumerilii, capable de régénérer diverses structures dont sa partie postérieure complexe, et le cnidaire Nematostella vectensis, capable de régénérer son corps entier.Afin de déterminer l'histoire évolutive des gènes du métabolisme des ROS, j'ai mené dans un premier temps une étude de génomique comparative sur un vaste panel d'espèces métazoaires. Cette analyse montre que la majorité des animaux possède une combinaison de gènes permettant la production et la détoxification des ROS ainsi que la régulation de la réponse antioxydante. L'absence de Keap1, inhibiteur de Nrf (facteur de transcription des gènes à Antioxidative Response Element), chez les éponges, cténophores et de nombreuses espèces cnidaires dont N. vectensis soulève des interrogations sur la régulation de la réponse antioxydante chez les non-bilatériens.Ayant identifié les gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme des ROS chez les deux modèles, j'ai mis en évidence une expression spatio-temporelle dynamique de certains de ces gènes au cours de la régénération postérieure de P. dumerilii et orale de N. vectensis, grâce à des données transcriptomiques produites par mes équipes de thèse ainsi que des hybridations in situ. J'ai mis en évidence la production de ROS au cours de la régénération, au moyen d'un marqueur fluorescent chez P. dumerilii et d'un réactif rapporteur de la production d'H2O2 chez N. vectensis. Les deux méthodes révèlent une production précoce de ROS suite à l'amputation, localisée près du plan d'amputation chez P. dumerilii. Une lignée exprimant le senseur génétique de l'H2O2 HyPer7 est en cours de production afin de localiser et quantifier cette production chez N. vectensis.Afin d'évaluer le rôle de cette production de ROS, j'ai effectué des analyses fonctionnelles au moyen de d'inhibiteurs des enzymes Nox/Duox. Ce traitement bloque la régénération a des stades précoces chez les deux modèles. Les effets de l'inhibition des ROS sur l'apoptose et la prolifération, deux mécanismes nécessaires à la régénération, ont été également évalués. J'ai montré que les ROS sont requis pour l'induction de la prolifération cellulaire mais pas pour celle de l'apoptose chez P. dumerilii, tandis que leur inhibition réduit l'apoptose et impacte la répartition tissulaire des cellules en prolifération chez N. vectensis. Une caractérisation phénotypique supplémentaire chez P. dumerilii suggère un effet mitogène tissue-dépendant des ROS entre l'ectoderme et le méso-endoderme.Ainsi, bien qu'elle repose sur des dynamiques transcriptionnelles et enzymatiques différentes et remplisse des fonctions distinctes chez les deux modèles, la production de ROS semble être un élément robuste et nécessaire au cours du processus régénératif chez les métazoaires, agissant de façon plastique via des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires différents selon les espècesRegeneration, i.e. the ability to reform a body part lost through injury or amputation, is a widespread phenomenon in metazoans. However, regenerative capacities vary from one species to another, from a few cell types to the whole body from a fragment. Although stereotypical stages (wound healing, precursor mobilization, morphogenesis) are found in all studied species, it remains largely unknown whether regeneration relies on conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms in metazoans, or whether several aspects of the regenerative process have evolved independently across lineages.Over the past decade, studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced after amputation in various models, and that they are necessary for successful regeneration. To determine if ROS production is a systematic component of metazoan regeneration, and whether its role is based on conserved mechanisms, my thesis work explored this subject in two emerging models: the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, capable of regenerating various structures including its complex posterior part, and the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, capable of regenerating its entire body.To unravel the evolutionary history of ROS metabolism genes, I first carried out a comparative genomics study on a large panel of metazoan species. This analysis shows that the vast majority of animals possess a combination of genes enabling ROS production and detoxification, as well as regulation of the antioxidant response. The absence of Keap1, an inhibitor of Nrf (Antioxidative Response Element genes transcription factor), in sponges, ctenophores and many cnidarian species including N. vectensis raises questions about the regulation of the antioxidant response in non-bilaterians.Having identified the genes involved in ROS metabolism in both models, I demonstrated dynamic spatio-temporal expression of some of these genes during posterior regeneration in P. dumerilii and oral regeneration in N. vectensis, using transcriptomic data generated by my thesis teams and in situ hybridizations. I found ROS production takes place during regeneration, using a fluorescent marker in P. dumerilii and an H2O2 reporter reagent in N. vectensis. Both methods reveal early ROS production following amputation, localized near the amputation plane in P. dumerilii. A transgenic line expressing the H2O2 genetic sensor HyPer7 is currently being generated to localize and quantify this production in N. vectensis.To assess the role of this ROS production, I performed functional analyses using Nox/Duox enzyme inhibitors. This treatment blocked regeneration at early stages in both models. The effects of ROS inhibition on apoptosis and proliferation, two mechanisms required for regeneration, were also assessed. I showed that ROS are required for the induction of cell proliferation but not apoptosis in P. dumerilii, while their inhibition reduces apoptosis and impacts the tissue distribution of proliferating cells in N. vectensis. Further phenotypic characterization in P. dumerilii suggests a tissue-dependent effect of mitogenic ROS signalling between ectoderm and meso-endoderm.In conclusion, although it relies on different transcriptional and enzymatic dynamics and fulfils distinct functions in the two models, ROS production appears to be a robust and necessary component of the regenerative process in metazoans, acting plastically via molecular and cellular mechanisms that differ between species
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Zhong, Min Halanych Kenneth M. "Applicability of mitochondrial genome data to annelid phylogeny and the evolution of group II introns." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1765.
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Müller-Kelwing, Karin. "Anneliese Hanisch (Anneliese Rohne)." Böhlau Verlag, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75083.
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Sor, Ratha. "Modélisation des changements spatio-temporels des communautés de macroinvertébrés benthiques dans les rivières d'Asie et d'Europe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30148/document.
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Objectifs généraux: les systèmes fluviaux tropicaux et tempérés d'eau douce sont connus pour soutenir différentes communautés biotiques. Dans cette étude, menée dans une région d'Asie tropicale et dans une région d'Europe tempérée, j'ai étudié la composition et la diversité de la communauté des macro-invertébrés benthiques ainsi que leurs variations spatiales et temporelles. J'ai également examiné les influences des variables physico-chimiques de la qualité de l'eau sur les variations et la diversité de la composition de la communauté et j'ai modélisé l'occurrence d'espèces sélectionnées. Localisation géographique: Asie tropicale: le bassin aval du Mékong (LMB), couvrant une superficie de 609 000 km2; Europe tempérée: Europe occidentale, fleuves flamands (Belgique), couvrant une superficie de 13 787 km2. Matériel et méthodes: Pour le LMB, les données recueillies de 2004 à 2008 ont été utilisées et les valeurs médianes de cette période ont été analysées. Pour les rivières flamandes, les données collectées de 1991 à 2010 ont été utilisées. Les données ont été divisées en 4 périodes: D1: 1991-1995, D2: 1996-2000, D3: 2001-2005 et D4: 2006-2010. Les médianes de chaque période ont été utilisées pour des analyses spatiales détaillées. Des analyses multivariées ont été appliquées pour relier la composition et la diversité de la communauté aux variables physico-chimiques. Cinq techniques de modélisation, à savoir la régression logistique (LR), les Random Forest (RF), le Support Vector Machine (SVM), les réseaux de neurones artificiels (ANN) et les arbres de classification (CT) ont été utilisées pour modéliser l'occurrence desespèces sélectionnées. Principaux résultats: Variations de la composition des communautés, diversité et relation avec les variables environnementales Dans le cours aval du Mékong LMB, 299 taxons de macro-invertébrés distribués dans 196 genres et 90 familles ont été identifiées; dont 131 insectes, 98 mollusques, 38 crustacés et 32 annélidesOverall aims: Freshwater tropical and temperate river systems are known to support different biotic communities. In this study, I investigated benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and diversity and its spatial and temporal variation both in tropical Asian and temperate European regions. I also examined the influences of physical-chemical water quality variables on community composition, variations and diversity, and modelled the occurrence of selected species. Locations: Tropical Asia: the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), covering an area of 609,000 km2; Temperate Europe: Western Europe, Flemish rivers (Belgium), covering an area of 13,787 km2. Materials and Methods: For the LMB, data collected from 2004 to 2008 were used, and median values of this period were analysed. For Flemish rivers, data collected from 1991 to 2010 were used. The data were divided into 4 periods: D1: 1991-1995, D2: 1996-2000, D3: 2001-2005 and D4: 2006-2010. The medians of each period were used for detailed spatial analyses. Multivariate analyses were applied to relate community composition and diversity to physical-chemical variables. Five modelling techniques namely Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Classification Tree (CT) were used to model the occurrence of selected species. Main results: Community composition variations, diversity and relationship with environmental variables From the LMB, 299 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 196 genera and 90 families were identified: 131 insects, 98 molluscs, 38 crustaceans, and 32 annelids
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Bioy, Alexis. "Histoire évolutive et influence de la sélection sur la diversité génétique des annélides polychètes d’environnements extrêmes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS156.
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La question de la variabilité des environnements disponibles pour une population donnée s’est déjà posée par le passé. Levene (1953) a cherché à voir dans quelle mesure il est possible d’avoir un maintien du polymorphisme dans une situation où plus d’une niche écologique est disponible. Par la suite, d’autres se sont intéressés aux conditions (forces de sélection, taille de la niche, etc) dans lesquelles un environnement variable dans l’espace, c’est-à-dire un environnement regroupant plusieurs niches, pouvait induire ou maintenir du polymorphisme. En revanche la variabilité intrinsèque de l’environnement est peu étudiée et donc par là même l’effet que celle-ci a sur les espèces qui y sont exposées. Cette thèse a pu mettre en évidence le pouvoir de la variabilité environnementale sur le maintien de polymorphisme spontané ou introgressé dans les populations. Ainsi des différences de variabilité environnementale entre populations d’une même espèce impliquent le développement d’adaptations et peut générer et renforcer de la différenciation entre celles-ci. Cette variabilité s’additionne aux traits d’histoire de vie et au bagage génétique des espèces pour marquer le génome et laisser des traces caractéristiques des environnements aux variabilités thermiques contrastées. Elle induit aussi des pressions de sélection différentes et plus ou moins fortes sur les systèmes enzymatiques. Ces pressions de sélection induisent la mise en place de différentes stratégies selon les espèces qui doivent exploiter au mieux les possibilités que leur offre leur bagage enzymatique ancestralThe question of the variable environments available for a given population has been raised in the past. Levene (1953) sought to see to what extent it is possible to maintain polymorphism in a situation where more than one ecological niche is available. Subsequently, other authors looked for the conditions (selective pressures, niche size, etc.) in which a spatially variable environment, i.e. an environment grouping several niches, could induce or maintain polymorphism. On the other hand, the intrinsic variability of the environment, and therefore the effect it has on the species exposed to it, is little studied. This thesis has been able to highlight the power of environmental variability on the maintenance of spontaneous or introgressed polymorphism in populations. Thus, differences in environmental variability between populations of the same species imply the development of adaptations and can generate and reinforce the differentiation between populations. Along with the life history traits and genetic background of the species, this variability marks the genome and leaves footprints of the environments characterized, among other things, by a contrasting thermal variability. It also induces different and more or less strong selective pressures on enzymatic systems. These selective pressures lead to the implementation of different strategies depending on the species that must make the most of the possibilities offered by their ancestral enzymatic baggage
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Bezerra, Emerson de Azevedo Silva. "Análise filogenética dos Glossoscolecidae (ANNELIDA, EUCLITELLATA)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4114.
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We conducted a study on the phylogenetic relationships of Glossoscolecidae through the henniguian method of data processing. We used morphological characters obtained from references and through observation of animals deposited in collections. A total of 45 characters were selected from 61 terminal taxa. Multiple outgroups were selected (Alluroididae, Haplotaxidae, Hrabeiella periglandulata, Lumbriculidae, Moniligastridae, and Monotesticulata Syngenodrilidae). The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software Mesquite (version 2.75) and TNT (version 1.1). The characters were coded, whenever possible, as multiestates and absences as apomorphies. The data were treated as unordered and ordered. At TNT, we compared the results of two algorithms (Traditional Search and New Technology Search). The strict consensus trees with ordered characters not supported the monophyly of Glossoscolecidae. Only with characters unordered, the taxon was supported by the presence of sphincter in nephridia. In general, there were no differences in outcomes between the use of software Mesquite and TNT and the use of the algorithm Traditional Search and New Technology Search. We propose the following positioning Glossoscolecidae between the Euclitellata: Lumbricina: (Hormogastridae (Microchaetidae + Glossoscolecidae)) + Megascolecoidea + Lumbricidae + Kynotidae + (Sparganophilidae (Almidae + Criodrilidae)).
Realizou-se um estudo das relações filogenéticas de Glossoscolecidae através do método hennigiano de tratamento de dados. Foram utilizados caracteres morfológicos obtidos em bibliografias e através da observação de animais depositados em coleções. Um total de 45 caracteres foram selecionados, e 61 táxons terminais. Multiplos grupos-externo foram selecionados (Alluroididae, Haplotaxidae, Hrabeiella periglandulata, Lumbriculidae, Moniligastridae, Monotesticulata e Syngenodrilidae). A análise filogenética foi realizada com o uso dos softwares Mesquite (versão 2.75) e TNT (versão 1.1). Os caracteres foram codificados em multiestados sempre que possível e ausências como apomorfias. Os dados foram tratados como não-ordenados e ordenados. No TNT, comparou-se os resultados de dois algoritmos (Traditional Search e New Technology Search). As árvores de consenso estrito com caracteres ordenados não sustentou a monofilia de Glossoscolecidae. Apenas com os caracteres não-ordenados, o táxon foi sustentando pela presença de esfíncter nos nefrídios. Em geral, não houve diferenças nos resultados entre o uso do software Mesquite e TNT e entre o uso do algoritmo Traditional Search e New Technology Search. Propomos o seguinte posicionamento de Glossoscolecidae entre os Euclitellata: Lumbricina: (Hormogastridae (Microchaetidae + Glossoscolecidae)) + Megascolecoidea + Lumbricidae + Kynotidae + (Sparganophilidae (Almidae + Criodrilidae)).
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Aguado, M. Teresa, Christopher J. Glasby, Paul C. Schroeder, Anne Weigert, and Christoph Bleidorn. "The making of a branching annelid." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-175573.
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Ramisyllis multicaudata is a member of Syllidae (Annelida, Errantia, Phyllodocida) with a remarkable branching body plan. Using a next-generation sequencing approach, the complete mitochondrial
genomes of R. multicaudata and Trypanobia sp. are sequenced and analysed, representing the first ones from Syllidae. The gene order in these two syllids does not follow the order proposed as the putative ground pattern in Errantia. The phylogenetic relationships of R. multicaudata are discerned using a phylogenetic approach with the nuclear 18S and the mitochondrial 16S and cox1 genes. Ramisyllis multicaudata is the sister group of a clade containing Trypanobia species. Both genera, Ramisyllis and Trypanobia, together with Parahaplosyllis, Trypanosyllis, Eurysyllis, and Xenosyllis are located in a long branched clade. The long branches are explained by an accelerated mutational rate in the 18S rRNA gene. Using a phylogenetic backbone, we propose a scenario in which the
postembryonic addition of segments that occurs in most syllids, their huge diversity of reproductive modes, and their ability to regenerate lost parts, in combination, have provided an evolutionary basis to develop a new branching body pattern as realised in Ramisyllis.
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Paterson, Lesley Ann. "Reinitiation of meiosis in polychaete (annelida) oocytes." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14564.
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This thesis presents ultrastructural and biochemical information on meiotic reinitiation during oocyte maturation in the polychaetes, Arenicola marina, A. defodiens and Nereis virens. The ultrastructural changes during meiotic maturation was characterised in the oocytes of Arenicola marina and Nereis virens using transmission electron microscopy in addition to germinal vesicle breakdown, release of the prophase I block was signified by major cortical changes in both species. The ultrastructure of fertilization in A. marina was independent of whether the oocytes were matured in vivo and spawned or matured in vitro by CMF. Oocyte maturation in Arenicola marina is controlled by a hormonal cascade that is initiated by the prostomial maturation hormone, PMH, and followed by the coelomic maturation factor, CMF (Watson and Bentley, 1997). Results presented here demonstrated that PMH has a molecular mass greater than 10 kDa, yet how this molecule triggers CMF activity remains unknown. M-phase promoting factor (MPF) consists of two subunits, cdkl and cyclin B, and is responsible for the control of mitosis and meiosis. The cytoplasmic "second messenger" that transduces the hormone signal to the activation of MPF in the oocyte cytoplasm was investigated in the two Arenicola species and is discussed. MPF regulation was investigated in Arenicola marina and Nereis virens oocytes. MPF activation was driven by the dephosphorylation of cdkl and phosphorylation of cyclin B. The results indicate that as with all other higher eukaryotes, the precursor of MPF in A. marina oocytes was maintained inactive by the phosphorylation of threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 (or equivalent residues) on the cdkl subunit. In contrast to other organisms, however, only a fraction of the cdkl present was complexed to cyclin B and utilised during meiotic reinitiation. All the cdkl in N. virens oocytes was joined with cyclin B but results suggest that the inactive complex contained tyrosine-only phosphorylated cdk1.
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Dawod, Virginia. "Population sizes of Enchytraeidae in agricultural plots in NE Scotland and their effect on soil structure." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186008.
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The Enchytraeidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) are small whitish worms especially prevalent in moorland and coniferous forest soils. They are less abundant but show varying densities in agricultural soils. They are important in soil decomposition processes and soil structure formation. This thesis reports the results of a study into the population sizes of the enchytraeids in agricultural plots at Craibstone Farm, five miles west of Aberdeen, Scotland, and the reasons for the variations in population size. It also describes the effects of the enchytraeids on soil structure, as determined from careful study of soil thin sections by light microscope and image analysis. The agricultural plots at Craibstone Farm grew an eight-year crop rotation at seven different pH levels. The average enchytraeid population size was found to be 3,5000 m-2 in the first year and 11,000 m-2 in the second. Populations tended to be larger at lower pH (4.2 to 5.2) and under pasture rather than annual crops. Fertilizer was seen to reduce numbers in the short-term but increases were seen in the long-term. In nearby grassland and mixed woodland, populations were considerably larger due to higher soil organic matter and moisture contents. At all sites the enchytraeids concentrated in the top 5cm of the soil, again correlating with moisture content. During the two years of sampling populations were seen to be smallest in late summer, coinciding with low rainfall. Soil thin sections showed that at low pH enchytraeids produced abundant granular faecal pellets which eventually fused to form a soil matrix. At higher pH (5.2 and above) small clusters of faecal pellets were more commonly seen partially or totally infilling soil channels and earthworm vermiform fragments were seen to be broken down into smaller granules.
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Kieselbach, Dominik [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie sedentärer Polychaeten (Annelida) / Dominik Kieselbach." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044082879/34.
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Brauer, Saskia [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Cirratulidae (Annelida) / Saskia Brauer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047622661/34.
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Rosa, Renaud de. "Origine et évolution de la segmentation et de la croissance postérieure chez les bilateria." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112240.
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Sous l'influence des phylogénies moléculaires, notre conception de l'histoire évolutive des animaux à symétrie bilatérale (Bilateria) a fondamentalement changé au cours de la dernière décennie. Une conséquence majeure de cette nouvelle conception est que les groupes simples, autrefois vus comme des "intermédiaires évolutifs" sont maintenant considérés comme apparentés à des espèces plus complexes. Pour chacun des caractères autrefois définis comme avancés se pose donc la question de savoir si ce caractère est apparu plusieurs fois indépendamment, ou bien s'il était présent chez le dernier ancêtre commun des Bilateria (Urbilateria) et a été perdu chez les groupes les plus simples. Une manière de répondre à ce type de question est l'étude comparée de la mise en place d'un caractère au cours du développement de plusieurs groupes. Cette thèse présente une étude de la formation du tronc et de la segmentation chez l'annélide polychète Platynereis dumerilii, et compare ces résultats avec ce qui est connu chez d'autres animaux, en particulier les insectes et les vertébrés. La caractérisation de la zone de croissance et l'étude de l'expression des homologues des gènes hairy, even-skipped, runt et piwi ne permettent pas de conclure de manière définitive à l'ancestralité de la scumentation chez les Bilaieria. Par contre, les mécanismes de formation du tronc par croissance posténieure semblent ancestraux aux Bilaieria, même s'ils se déroulent dans des contextes cellulaires très différents d'une espèce à l'autre. Ces résultats vont dans le sens d'un Urbilaieria grand et complexe, plus proche des annélides actuels que des plathelminthes comme on pensait auparavantOur view of the evolutionary history of bilaterally symmetrical animals (Bilateria) has dramatically changed during the last decade under the influence of molecular phylogenies. A major consequence of this new view is the fact that simple groups, formerly considered as "evolutionary intermediates", now cluster with more complex species. For each advanced character, one has to ask whether it has appeared several times, or whether it was present in the last common ancestor of Bilaleria (Urbilateria) and was subsequently lost in several simple groups. A way to answer this kind of question is through the comparative study of the development of a character in several groups. This thesis is about the study of trunk formation and segmentation in the polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii, the results being compared to what is known from other species including insects and vertebrates. The study of the growth zone and the expression patterns of homologues of hairy, even-skipped, runt and piwi were inconclusive with regard to the ancestry of segmentation in Bilateria. However, the mechanisms of posterior growth appear to be conserved across Bilateria, even though they take place in very different cellular contexts across species. These results argue for a large and complex Urbilateria, closer to extant annelids than to platyhelminthes as was previously thought
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Sousa, Rossana Cristina de Azevedo. "Distribuição espacial dos poliquetas (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) dos Recifes de arenito na praia da Pedra Rachada (Paracaru - Ceará)." http://www.teses.ufc.br/, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1576.
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SOUSA, Rossana Cristina de Azevedo. Distribuição espacial dos poliquetas (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) dos Recifes de arenito na praia da Pedra Rachada (Paracaru - Ceará). 2005. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais) - Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2005.Submitted by Debora Oliveira (deby_borboletinha@hotmail.com) on 2011-12-22T14:36:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_rcdasousa.pdf: 1654091 bytes, checksum: ed9b68df546408f9b1d3e4ab3341285d (MD5)
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Sandstone rock reefs consist of consolidated substrata with a high fauna and flora diversity, where polychaetes represent a very important group. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge about polychaete annelids biodiversity on the coast of Ceará and their spatial distribution on hard substratum. The sampling took place on the reefs at Pedra Rachada beach (Paracuru-CE) and was carried out during low spring tides in August 2004 (dry season) and May 2005 (rainy season). A transect was placed perpendicularly to the coastline, throughout which samples, 10m apart from each other, were collected using a 25x25cm square. The sampled area was divided in three zones: lower, middle, and higher reefs. Considering the two studied seasons, 1315 specimens were identified and distributed in 60 polychaete species pertaining to 25 families and 42 genera. The most abundant families were Eunicidae, Orbinidae and Neredidae. Most of the found species are either carnivores, herbivores or burrowers. The typical species of the studied areas were Eunice cariboea, Naineris dendritica, Nematonereis hebes and Lysidice ninetta. No significant difference was observed in the absolute abundance of the species between the studied periods. However, a significant difference was observed between the lower and higher zones. During the dry season, the major abundance of individuals was found at the higher reef, whereas during the rainy season it was found at the lower reef. Nereis riisei was the only specie to present significant difference in its average abundance between the studied periods. The sandstone rock reef polychaetes at Pedra Rachada beach presented a distribution strongly related to the substratum features.
Os recifes de arenito constituem um ambiente consolidado com alta de diversidade de fauna e flora, no qual os poliquetas representam um grupo importante. Este estudo teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de anelídeos poliquetas da costa cearense e estudar a distribuição espacial desses organismos em substratos consolidados. As coletas, realizadas nos recifes de arenito da praia Pedra Rachada (Paracuru-CE), foram realizadas durante maré baixa de sizígia, em agosto de 2004 (período seco) e maio de 2005 (período chuvoso). Um transecto perpendicular à linha de praia foi demarcado, no qual as amostras foram coletadas utilizando-se um quadrado de 25 cm de lado, dispostos em intervalos de 10 m. A faixa de recife amostrada foi dividida em três zonas, recife inferior, médio e superior. Considerando os dois períodos de estudo, foram identificados 1.315 indivíduos distribuídos em 60 espécies de poliquetas, pertencentes a 25 famílias e 42 gêneros. As famílias mais abundantes foram Eunicidae, Orbiniidae e Nereididae. A maioria das espécies encontradas possui hábito alimentar carnívoro, herbívoro e escavador. As espécies típicas da região estudada foram Eunice cariboea, Naineris dendritica, Nematonereis hebes e Lysidice ninetta. Não foi observada uma diferença significativa, com relação à abundância absoluta das espécies, entre os períodos estudados, entretanto, foi observada diferença significativa entre as zonas do recife inferior e recife superior. No período seco, a maior abundância de indivíduos ocorreu no recife superior, já no chuvoso, ocorreu no recife médio. Nereis riisei foi a única espécie que apresentou diferença significativa quanto a sua abundância média quando comparados os dois períodos estudados. Os poliquetas dos recifes de arenito da praia da Pedra Rachada apresentaram uma distribuição de acordo com as características do substrato
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LE-LEPESCHEUX, LE LIEN. "Le collagene cuticulaire des annelides : organisation tridimensionnelle et autoassemblage." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066692.
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La cuticule des annelides est une matrice extracellulaire constituee d'un reseau fibrillaire en contreplaque quasi-orthogonal. Le constituant proteique majeur est le collagene qui se presente sous la forme de longues fibrilles helicoidales non striees, constituees de faisceaux de microfibrilles egalment helicoidaux. L'etude ultrastructurale et geometrique de la cuticule montre la presence d'un twist cholesterique cylindrique entre microfibrilles au sein de chaque fibrille. L'organisation tridimensionnelle du collagene cuticulaire est comparable a celle des molecules dans les phases bleues (etat intermediaire entre la phase isotrope et la phrase cholesterique). La cuticule des annelides est donc un analogue biologique non fluide des cristaux liquides. Le reseau cuticulaire, a symetrie cristalline, presente des defauts ou dislocations, qui sont impliques dans la croissance en diametre et en longueur de l'animal. Les cellules, par l'intermediaire des microvillosites, auraient un role ordonnateur dans le developpement et la croissance de l'animal. Toutefois, nous soulignons la pluralite des processus morphogenetiques susceptibles d'uvrer en synergie, notamment les microvillosites et leur cytosquelette, les contraintes biomecaniques et les autoassemblages de type cristallin liquide des polymeres. Le comportement cristallin liquide du collagene cuticulaire, suggere apres les observations faites in situ, se confirme in vitro grace a des experimentations dans des conditions d'autoassemblage a partir de solutions acides de molecules de collagene cuticulaire de nereis diversicolor extraites biochimiquement. En effet, les architectures fibrillaires obtenues dans les gels ainsi que la formation spontanee de phases cholesteriques a partir de solutions concentrees de molecules, montrent que le collagene cuticulaire a un comportement authentiquement cristallin liquide. Son autoassemblage serait l'un des principes phys
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Hourdez, Stéphane. "Adaptations respiratoires des annelides polychetes de milieux abyssaux hypoxiques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066215.
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Les animaux vivant au niveau des sources hydrothermales et des suintements froids se trouvent dans des conditions contraignantes pour la respiration (peu d'oxygene, presence d'importantes quantites de sulfures et de dioxyde de carbone). Nous nous sommes interesses aux annelides polychetes de ces milieux, prenant trois modeles : alvinella pompejana, du pole chaud hydrothermal, branchipolynoe spp. , commensal des moules du pole froid des sources hydrothermales et un orbiniide provenant des suintements froids du golfe du mexique. Nous avons recherche les adaptations anatomiques et physiologiques facilitant les echanges gazeux chez ces trois especes. Du point de vue anatomique, ces adaptations sont une augmentation des surfaces branchiales et une reduction des distances de diffusion au niveau debranchies. Branchipolynoe presente la particularite de posseder des branchies, structure anatomique absente chez les especes littorales de la meme famille. Ces branchies sont perfusees par du liquide coelomique et non du sang comme c'est le cas pour les deux autres especes. Chez l'orbiniide, les echanges gazeux se situent principalement au niveau des branchies situees dans la partie anterieure du ver. Les trois especes possedent de l'hemoglobine, encore une caracteristique distingant branchipolynoe des polynoides littoraux. Si les deux autres especes possedent des hemoglobines classiques pour les annelides, les hemoglobines de branchipolynoe sont tout a fait originales : elles correspondent a des dimeres ou des trimeres de globines tetradomaines. Les fluides corporels d'a. Pompejana et de branchipolynoe sont capables de limiter les effets des variations de concentration en dioxyde de carbone. Toutes les especes etudiees possedent des hemoglobines a tres forte affinite pour l'oxygene qui permettent une bonne extraction de l'oxygene du milieu environnant hypoxique. Chez a. Pompejana, il y a un systeme de tansfert gazeux interne qui permet de stocker de l'oxygene quand les conditions sont favorables et de le relarguer dans la circulation quand il manque dans le milieu environnant.
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Herzog, Annelies [Verfasser]. "Öffentlichkeits- und Medienarbeit des Strafverteidigers (Litigation-PR). / Annelies Herzog." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1238432220/34.
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Clarke, S. "Long term biological rhythmicity and reproduction : An experimental study of Harmothoe imbricata (L.) (Polychaeta : Polynoidae)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379707.
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Breidenbach, Josef. "Normalanatomie und -histologie des Lumbriciden Lumbricus terrestris L. (Annelida, Oligochaeta)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967450195.
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Bleidorn, Christoph. "Phylogenetic relationships of sedentary polychaetes (Annelida) inferred from molecular data." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/248/index.html.
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Pacey, Allan Anthony. "Sperm activation and spawning in Arenicola marina (L.) (Annelida: Polychaeta)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14562.
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The spermatozoa of Arenicola marina are unlike those of most marine invertebrates, in that they become motile in the body cavity prior to spawning. This occurs in response to a Sperm Maturation Factor (SMF) which is released from the prostomium. Prior to activation, spermatozoa are held as morulae with several hundred spermatozoa connected by a common mass of cytoplasm called the cytophore. Sperm activation by SMF is characterised in vitro, in terms of the ultrastructural changes which occur as the sperm become motile, and an active role for the cytophore during sperm activation is suggested. The morphology of these spermatozoa is 'primitive', and ultrastructural observations show that they possess a discoid swelling at the distal end of the flagellum. It is suggested that this may aid in swimming efficiency. The chemical nature of SMF has been putatively identified as 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Biochemical investigations demonstrate that sperm activation is linked to an increase in sperm respiration rate, and an elevation of intracellular pH in the order of 0.2 pH units. Levels of ATP in spermatozoa are higher than those reported in other species, and it is considered that quiescence of sperm is not mediated by the deprivation of ATP to the axoneme. It is reported that sperm activated in vitro display a motile life of less than one hour, sperm which has been spawned in vivo, however, can have a motile life of up to 48 hours. It is suggested that this extension in sperm motile life may result from capacitation-like events which occur during activation and release in vivo. A hypothesis for the synthesis of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, its release from the prostomium, its transportation and mode of action at the level of the spermatozoa is also developed.
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Assis, José Eriberto de. "Análise filogenética dos poliquetas portadores de tori: a linhagem dos Enterocoela." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4127.
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The first classifications for the annelids were presented within a peculiar group of worms grouped within Class Vermes. The group was initially divided into Errant Annelides, Tubicolous or Sedentary Annelides, Terricolous Annelids, and Freshwater Annelids. These classifications did not reflect common ancestry. With the advent of phylogenetic systematics, many proposals were made for other organisms, attempting to reflect true relationships. The first proposals for annelids and polychaetes appeared in the 90s, based on morphology, and attempted to confirm the monophyly of these two groups. In these analyses, the Pogonophora were reduced to a family of Polychaeta, the Siboglinidae. These results remained incongruent when compared to results obtained later from molecular data. Another phylogenetic proposal presented the Pogonophora as being close to the sedentary polychaetes, closely related to Owenia. In this proposal, the clade Metameria was established to group the annelids, Enterocoela and Deuterostomia. Pogonophora as a family of Polychaeta disregards the evolutionary relationships that this taxon shares with the deuterostomes. In the present work, polychaetes with tori were selected as the ingroups of the analysis, together with Pogonophora, and including Phoronida and Pterobranchia, in order to establish genealogical relationships among these taxa. For parsimony analyses molecular data from 18S rRNA, morphological data coded as binary (a/p), multistate, and combined data (multistate molecular and morphological data) were used. Several slightly different topologies appeared in our results on morphology and molecules. On the other hand, the combined data was similar to the topology obtained from multistate morphology. From these analyses, we hypothesize that sedentary polychaetes with tori (including Pogonophora) are strictly related to Phoronida and Deuterostomia, their tagmatization being considered a particularly important synapomorphy. Finally, we emphasize the paraphyletic nature of Protostomia, Spiralia, Trochozoa and Lophotrochozoa, which are contrasted to the monophyletic Metameria.
As primeiras classificações para os anelídeos foram representadas para um grupo peculiar de vermes que formavam as primeiras famílias de poliquetas, agrupadas dentro da Classe Vermes. O grupo foi dividido inicialmente em Annélides Errantes, Annélides tubicoles ou Sédentaires, Annélides Terricoles e Annélides souceuses. Essas classificações não refletiam ancestralidade comum. Com o surgimento da sistemática filogenética, muitas propostas foram apresentadas para vários outros grupos de organismos, buscando refletir as relações de parentescos. A partir da década de 90 surgiram os primeiros trabalhos de filogenia com dados morfológicos para os anelídeos e poliquetas, com objetivo de confirmar a monofila dos dois grupos. Nestas análises, Pogonophora foi reduzido a uma família de Polychaeta, os Siboglinidae. Os resultados permaneceram incongruentes quando comparados os dados morfológicos com os dados moleculares, que surgiram posteriormente. Outras propostas filogenéticas apresentaram os Pogonophora como grupo próximo aos poliquetas sedentários, relacionados com os Owenia. Nessa proposta, foi estabelecido o clado Metameria para agrupar anelídeos, Enterocoela e Deuterostomia. Pogonophora como uma família de Polychaeta quebra a relação de paradigma evolutivo que este táxon compartilha com os Deuterostômios. Neste trabalho, se usou como grupo interno poliquetas com tori, Pogonophora, Phoronida e Pterobranchia, a fim de estabelecer relações genealógicas entre eles. Desta forma, se usou para análise de parcimônia dados moleculares 18S rRNA, dados morfológicos codificados como binário e multiestados, e dados combinados (moleculares e morfológicos multiestados). Os resultados mostraram várias hipóteses que se diferenciaram um pouco nas topologias, quando foram comparados os cladogramas de caracteres moleculares com os cladogramas de caracteres morfológicos. Embora, a topologia de caracteres combinadas se mostrou igual à topologia de caracteres morfológicos multiestados. Dessa maneira, hipotetiza-se a partir das análises aqui obtidas, que os poliquetas sedentários portadores de tori (incluindo Pogonophora) estão estritamente relacionados aos Phoronida e Deuterostomia, principalmente quando se ressalta o processo de tagmatização. Finalmente, enaltece-se a parafilia de Protostomia, Spiralia, Trochozoa e Lophotrochozoa, ressaltando o monofiletismo de Metameria.
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Sjölin, Erica. "Tubificids with trifid chaetae : morphology and phylogeny of Heterodrilus (Clitellata, Annelida) /." Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7182.
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Rowe, Grant A. "Interactive processes in a Lanice conchilega (Annelida: Polychaeta) dominated intertidal community." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42167/.
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An investigation was conducted into the factors influencing a soft-sediment intertidal benthic community dominated by the large tube building polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766). The environmental and biological characteristics of a mid-shore sampling site on a relatively sheltered sandflat were monitored over a two year period. A total of 115 taxa were recorded. Temporal variability in the community is discussed in relation to the sporadic occurrence of macroalgae, harsh winter conditions and physical disturbance to the sedimentary environment. Lanice conchilega had a significantly contagious distribution on the shore. The population was analysed using width measurements of both worms and tubes. Recruiting Lanice conchilega juveniles observed during the first year of the study were initially randomly distributed, but as these individuals developed the overall distribution of the population returned to being contagious. The presence of excess tubes towards the end of the sampling period indicated that individual Lanice conchilega were dying, being removed by predation or emigrating. Further sampling was designed to investigate the macrofauna and meiofauna in areas of sediment containing different densities ofLanice conchilega tubes. A consistently significant positive correlation existed between tube density and macrofaunal abundance, which was attributed to sediment-mediated interactions. At higher tube densities, an increase in the depth of sediment above the underlying clay equated to an increase in the volume of available infaunal space. In addition, Lanice conchilega-derived mucus and its associated microbes potentially enhanced levels of food resources available to deposit feeders. Species living at or near the sediment-water interface would also have been positively influenced by any sediment stabilisation in high tube density areas. Possible causes of a positive correlation observed between tube density and Exogone hebes abundance are discussed. No significant relationship existed between tube density and the abundance of macrofaunal juveniles, indicating that any inhibitory or facilitatory Lanice conchilega-juvenile interactions were either insignificant or acting in opposition to to produce an overall neutral effect. Details of the developmental morphology of several polychaete species are described. Meiofaunal abundance (in particular nematode and harpacticoid abundance) was consistently greater in samples taken from areas of high tube density. Potential mechanisms responsible for this relationship include the provision of habitat heterogeneity and areas of refuge by tubes, and the enhancement of sediment stability and food resources by mucus. Particle accumulation in high tube density areas also potentially influenced meiofaunal settlement and resettlement patterns.
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Envall, Ida. "Evolutionary perspectives on Naidinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae): molecular and morphological Revelations /." Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-27533.
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Penry, Deborah Lynn. "Digestion theory and applications to deposit feeders /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10992.
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Kicklighter, Cynthia Ellen. "Antipredation strategies of marine worms : geographic, ecological, and taxonomic patterns." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25206.
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Ramos, Lierge [UNESP]. "Estudos biofísicos da Hemoproteína extracelular de Amynthas gracilis (HbAg) na ausência e na presença de surfactantes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151572.
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As hemoglobinas constituem um grupo de proteínas que desempenham um papel vital nos organismos. Suas propriedades intrínsecas, assim como a sua relação estrutura-atividade, envolvem fenômenos tais como a cooperatividade e afinidade por ligantes específicos, como o oxigênio, que estão associados a uma variedade de processos que viabilizam a vida. As hemoproteínas, em especial as hemoglobinas de anelídeos têm sido objeto de estudo de diferentes grupos de pesquisa, devido a sua alta estabilidade oligomérica, resistência à oxidação, alta cooperatividade e afinidade por ligantes específicos, apresentando um alto potencial em aplicações biotecnológicas como, por exemplo, substituto sanguíneo. Estudos sobre a caracterização estrutural e a determinação da estabilidade de hemoproteínas na presença de surfactantes, por meio de várias técnicas como absorção ótica, emissão de fluorescência, CD (Dicroísmo Circular) e espalhamento de luz podem trazer informações sobre esta classe de proteínas, principalmente sobre o mecanismo de oxidação, dissociação e desnaturação. Desta forma, no presente projeto de pesquisa objetivou realizar a caraterização biofísica da hemoglobina extraída de Amynthas gracilis (HbAg) na presença de surfactantes iônicos (SDS e CTAC) nos valores de pH 5,0 e 7,0. Os resultados nos mostram que ambos os surfactantes são capazes de interagir fortemente com a HbAg, sendo que o pH do meio influência diretamente na intensidade da interação proteína-surfactante. O SDS em pH 5,0 interage fortemente com a HbAg formando precipitados de complexo proteína-surfactante, podendo ser observados em baixas concentrações de SDS (0,01 – 0,2 mmolL-1). Enquanto que para o CTAC ocorre uma forte interação entre o surfactante e a HbAg em pH 7,0 em uma faixa de concentração de 0,01 – 0,07 mmolL-1. A formação de agregados nestes sistemas provavelmente ocorre em função do ponto isoelétrico (pI) da HbAg ser ácido (6,0 ±3), assim como o de outras Hb extracelulares, como resultado de uma forte interação eletrostática. As medidas espectroscópicas indicam que com o aumento da concentração dos surfactantes ocorre a ressolubilização dos agregados. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram que o SDS e o CTAC promovem o processo de oxidação/dissociação da HbAg em baixas concentrações e que nas concentrações máximas de surfactantes utilizadas neste trabalho o processo de desnaturação da HbAg não é completo.
Hemoglobins are a group of proteins that play a vital role in organisms. Their intrinsic properties, as well as their structure-activity relationship, involve phenomena such as cooperativity and affinity for specific ligands, such as oxygen, which are associated with a variety of processes that make life possible. Hemoproteins, especially hemoglobins of annelids have been studied by different research groups, due to their high oligomeric stability, resistance to oxidation, high cooperativity and affinity for specific ligands, presenting a high potential in biotechnological applications, for example, a blood substitute. Studies on the structural characterization and determination of hemoprotein stability in the presence of surfactants by optical absorption, fluorescence emission, CD and light scattering can bring information about this class of proteins, mainly on the mechanism of dissociation and denaturation. Thus, in the present master's project the main objective was to perform biophysics characterization studies, with the hemoglobin extracted from the annelid of Amynthas gracilis (HbAg) in the presence of ionic surfactants (SDS and CTAC) at pH values 5,0 and 7,0. The results show that both surfactants are capable of interacting strongly with HbAg, and the pH of the medium directly influences the intensity of the protein-surfactant interaction. SDS at pH 5.0 strongly interacts with HbAg forming precipitates of protein-surfactant complex, can be observed with low concentrations of SDS (0.01 - 0.2 mmolL -1). While for CTAC a strong interaction between surfactant and HbAg occurs at pH 7.0 in a concentration range of 0.01-0.07 mmolL-1. The formation of aggregates in these systems probably occurs as a function of the isoelectric point (pI) of HbAg being acid (6.0 ± 3), as well as that of other extracellular Hb, as a result of a strong electrostatic interaction. This study showed that SDS and CTAC promote the oxidation/dissociation process of HbAg at low concentrations and that at the maximum concentrations of surfactants used in this work the denaturing process of HbAg is not complete.
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Kuper, Michael. "Ultrastrukturuntersuchungen der Segmentalorgane, der Spermien und der Brutpflegestrukturen der Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964507099.
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Röhl, Ingo. "Isolierung und Identifizierung von Sexualpheromonen des marinen Polychaeten Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida, Polychaeta)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960378480.
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Locke, Jan Maureen. "Systematics and biology of Grania (Annelida: clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Bermuda Islands." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/MQ45419.pdf.
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Kaller, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Molekulare und ultrastrukturelle Charakterisierung von Photorezeptorzellen und Augen bei Annelida / Tobias Kaller." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026357659/34.
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Cardia, Daniel Fontana Ferreira [UNESP]. "Helmintos de quirópteros da região Centro-Oeste do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103789.
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cardia_dff_dr_jabo.pdf: 2910916 bytes, checksum: 3f70fd080a4c82de31b109a17ad81f6b (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O Brasil possui uma das maiores diversidades de quirópteros do planeta, entretanto apesar do grande número de espécies distribuídas por todo território nacional, pouco se sabe sobre alguns aspectos da biologia destes mamíferos. Pesquisas referentes à fauna parasitária destes animais, especialmente de seus helmintos, ainda são escassas no país. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou identificar a helmintofauna de quirópteros, provenientes da região Centro- Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Para isto, foram realizadas análises morfológicas e biométricas dos diferentes grupos de helmintos, colhidos durante a necropsia de 340 morcegos de várias espécies, previamente recolhidos pelos Serviços Municipais de Controle de Zoonoses da referida região para vigilância epidemiológica da raiva. Foram identificadas 12 espécies de helmintos, dentre as quais oito eram de nematódeos, três de digenéticos e uma de cestódeo. Seis das espécies de helmintos analisadas apresentaram novos registros de hospedeiro na região Neotropical e cinco no Brasil. Duas espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez no território nacional e três no Estado de São Paulo. Além disso, o nematódeo Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) andyra n. sp. foi descrita como uma nova espécie
Brazil has one of the highest diversities of chiropteran of the world, however despite the large number of species distributed throughout the national territory, little is known about some aspects of the biology of these mammals. Researches related to parasitic fauna of these animals, especially helminths, are still scarce in the country. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the helminth fauna of bats, from Midwest Region of São Paulo State. For this, biometric and morphological analyzes were performed in the different groups of helminths, collected during the necropsy of 340 bats of various species, previously collected by Municipal Disease Control Services of this region for rabies epidemiological surveillance. Twelve of helminths were identified, which eight were nematodes, three of digeneans and one of cestodes Six species of helminths analyzed had new host records in the Neotropical region and five in Brazil. Two species were recorded for the first time in the country and three in the state of São Paulo. Also, the nematode Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) andyra n. sp. was described as a new species
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Cardia, Daniel Fontana Ferreira. "Helmintos de quirópteros da região Centro-Oeste do estado de São Paulo /." Jaboticabal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103789.
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Orientador: Katia Denise Saraiva BrescianiCoorientador: Adjair Antônio do Nascimento
Banca: Carlos Noriyuki Kaneto
Banca: Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
Banca: Karin Werther
Banca: Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
Resumo: O Brasil possui uma das maiores diversidades de quirópteros do planeta, entretanto apesar do grande número de espécies distribuídas por todo território nacional, pouco se sabe sobre alguns aspectos da biologia destes mamíferos. Pesquisas referentes à fauna parasitária destes animais, especialmente de seus helmintos, ainda são escassas no país. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou identificar a helmintofauna de quirópteros, provenientes da região Centro- Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Para isto, foram realizadas análises morfológicas e biométricas dos diferentes grupos de helmintos, colhidos durante a necropsia de 340 morcegos de várias espécies, previamente recolhidos pelos Serviços Municipais de Controle de Zoonoses da referida região para vigilância epidemiológica da raiva. Foram identificadas 12 espécies de helmintos, dentre as quais oito eram de nematódeos, três de digenéticos e uma de cestódeo. Seis das espécies de helmintos analisadas apresentaram novos registros de hospedeiro na região Neotropical e cinco no Brasil. Duas espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez no território nacional e três no Estado de São Paulo. Além disso, o nematódeo Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) andyra n. sp. foi descrita como uma nova espécie
Abstract: Brazil has one of the highest diversities of chiropteran of the world, however despite the large number of species distributed throughout the national territory, little is known about some aspects of the biology of these mammals. Researches related to parasitic fauna of these animals, especially helminths, are still scarce in the country. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the helminth fauna of bats, from Midwest Region of São Paulo State. For this, biometric and morphological analyzes were performed in the different groups of helminths, collected during the necropsy of 340 bats of various species, previously collected by Municipal Disease Control Services of this region for rabies epidemiological surveillance. Twelve of helminths were identified, which eight were nematodes, three of digeneans and one of cestodes Six species of helminths analyzed had new host records in the Neotropical region and five in Brazil. Two species were recorded for the first time in the country and three in the state of São Paulo. Also, the nematode Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) andyra n. sp. was described as a new species
Doutor
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Sjölin, Erica. "Tubificids with trifid chaetae: morphology and phylogeny of Heterodrilus (Clitellata, Annelida)." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7182.
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Heterodrilus is a marine group of small (3-25 mm) clitellates that occur interstitially in sandy sediments from the intertidal zone down to about 150 m depths. The taxon includes 42 valid species and has been recorded from localities in the Mediterranean Sea, the North-west Atlantic Ocean (including the Caribbean), the Galapagos Islands, and the Indo-Pacific Region. A majority of the species of Heterodrilus are characterized by having trifid anterior chaetae (i.e., chaetae with three teeth at the distal end). A few species have bifid chaetae, but these are regarded as having lost the third tooth secondarily. Within the taxon, species are distinguished by morphological characters in the internal organization of the male and female genitalia, but also by characters in the form and number of chaetae. In this thesis, two new taxa are introduced, Heterodrilus tripartitus and H. ursulae, both from the Mediterranean Sea. The ultrastructure of the cuticle in four species (H. paucifascis, H. pentcheffi, H. flexuosus, H. minisetosus) is studied and it is shown that there is interspecific variation in the morphology of the cuticle. One of the studied species, H. paucifascis, shows intraspecific variation, which is associated with sample locality. The systematic position of Heterodrilus within Tubificidae is studied with molecular markers, and the results support that Heterodrilus (earlier classified as a member of Rhyacodrilinae) is positioned within Phallodrilinae. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships within Heterodrilus are estimated based on molecular characters from mitochondrial COI, the 16S rRNA gene, and the nuclear 18S rRNA gene, and the result indicate that the two major clades in our tree corresponds to different geographical distributions. This thesis also includes a checklist, as well as a key, to the species of Heterodrilus.
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Teodoro, Nálita Maria Scamparle. "Dados moleculares revelam que pharyngocirrus gabriellae (Saccocirridae: Annelida) é uma anfiatlântica e anfiamericana." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46160.
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Orientador : Dr. Paulo Cunha LanaCoorientador : Drª. Karin Hoch Fehlauer Ale
Coorientador : Dr. Maikon Di Domenico
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 21/03/2016
Inclui referências : f. 35-48
Resumo: O saccocirrídeo intersticial Pharyngocirrus gabriellae (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1946), originalmente descrito para o sudeste do Brasil, tem sido reportado para águas rasas de todo o mundo. O padrão de distribuição reportado poderia estar mascarando um complexo de espécies crípticas ou representar de fato uma única espécie amplamente disseminada devido a processos geológicos e oceanográficos. Para avaliar estas duas hipóteses explicativas, nós inferimos relações entre os 95 terminais (5 espécies de Protodrillidae e 16 espécies de Saccocirrus como grupos externos, e 74 espécimes atribuídos a Pharyngocirrus e recolhidos de locais de todo o mundo) através de métodos de Máxima Verossimilhança e Bayesiana, usando 16S. Ambas as análises apoiaram três clados de Pharyngocirrus gabrillae: 1) um clado constituído por espécies das ilhas do Indo-Pacífico e Canárias; 2) um clado das espécies não descritas na maior parte do Atlântico Equatorial (Panamá, Fernando de Noronha e Ilhas Canárias) e Califórnia; 3) Pharyngocirrus gabriellae, incluindo populações anfiatlânticas e anfiamericanas (Chile, Brasil, Cuba, Panamá e Ilhas Canárias). Além disso, nossas análises revelaram que as sequências de 16S de Saccocirrus sonomacus (KF954446), Saccocirrus sp. 3 (KF954448, do Panamá) e Saccocirrus sp. 4 (KF954450, de Ilhas Canárias) depositados no Genbank combinam com sequências de P. gabriellae. Os resultados parecem contradizer as altas taxas de especiação esperados para animais meiofaunais com curta duração larval e mobilidade adulta restrita levando a capacidade de dispersão limitada. No entanto, o sequenciamento de genes adicionais, amostragem de mais regiões, e calibração de um relógio molecular são necessários para melhor avaliar tais padrões de distribuição generalizada. Palavras-chave: Annelida; Meiofauna; Espécie cosmopolita.
Abstract: The interstitial saccocirrid Pharyngocirrus gabriellae (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1946), originally described from southeastern Brazil, has been reported from worldwide shallow waters. The reported distribution pattern could be masking a complex of cryptic species or in fact correspond to a single widespread species due to geological and oceanographic processes. To assess these two explanatory hypotheses, we inferred the relationships among 95 terminals (5 species of Protodrilidae and 16 species of Saccocirrus as outgroups, and 74 specimens attributed to Pharyngocirrus and collected from worldwide locations) through maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, using 16S. Both analyses supported three clades of Pharyngocirrus: 1) a clade made up by species from the Indo-Pacific and Canary Islands; 2) a clade of undescribed species mostly from the Equatorial Atlantic (Panama, Fernando de Noronha and Canary Islands) and California; 3)Pharyngocirrus gabriellae, including amphi-Atlantic and amphi-American populations (Chile, Brazil, Cuba, Panama, and Canary Islands). In addition, our analysis revealed that the 16S sequences of Saccocirrus sonomacus (KF954446), Saccocirrus sp. 3 (KF954448, from Panama) and Saccocirrus sp. 4 (KF954450, from Canary Islands) deposited in Genbank match with P. gabriellae sequences.The results seem to contradict the high speciation rates expected in meiofaunal animals with short larval duration and restricted adult mobility leading to limited dispersal capability. However, sequencing of additional genes, sampling of more regions, and calibration of a molecular clock are needed to better evaluate such widespread distribution patterns. Key words: Annelida; Meiofauna; Cosmopolitan species.
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Pocklington, Patricia. "Systematics and ecology of the Polychaeta (Annelida) of a seagrass bed in Bermuda." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63241.pdf.
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Zakrzewski, Anne-Christin [Verfasser]. "Molecular characterization of chaetae formation in annelida and other lophotrochozoa / Anne-Christin Zakrzewski." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026359600/34.
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Ackermann-Piek, Daniela [Verfasser], and Annelies G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Blom. "Interviewer effects in PIAAC Germany 2012 / Daniela Ackermann-Piek ; Betreuer: Annelies G. Blom." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153338874/34.
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Ananias, Carlos Diego Neves. "Diversidade de Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) entre as regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-11042017-151718/.
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Serpulidae Rafinesque, 1815 é uma das famílias de poliquetas mais facilmente reconhecíveis, por viverem em tubos calcários e possuírem o corpo dividido em três regiões bem definidas, coroa branquial, tórax e abdômen, geralmente com um opérculo, que fecha a abertura do tubo quando a coroa branquial é retraída, e uma membrana torácica, que é um prolongamento do colar, estendendo-se ao longo do tórax dorsalmente por número variável de setígeros. São muito abundantes no litoral brasileiro e importantes na comunidade incrustante, que reveste pedras, algas e demais estruturas que forneçam o substrato adequado para a instalação destes animais, sendo um dos principais grupos de poliquetas em estudos de bioinvasão. Ao longo da história taxonômica da família, as relações filogenéticas e a classificação sistemática do grupo passaram por diversas alterações e atualmente, com base em estudos morfológicos e moleculares, são considerados como grupo irmão de Fabriciidae Rioja, 1923, e o clado, grupo-irmão de Sabellidae Latreille, 1825. O presente trabalho é um dos primeiros estudos de cunho taxonômico tratando especificamente da Família Serpulidae ao longo da costa brasileira, com o objetivo de identificar e descrever as espécies destes animais encontradas entre as regiões Sul-Nordeste do país; foram analisados 443 indivíduos, pertencentes a dez gêneros e 16 espécies, uma das quais é nova ocorrência para o Brasil e outra é nova para a ciênciaSerpulidae Rafinesque, 1815 is one of the most easily recognizable families of polychaetes, because these animals live in calcareous tubes and have the body divided into three well-defined regions, the branchial crown, thorax and abdomen, usually with an operculum, which closes the mouth of the tube when the branchial crown is retracted, and a thoracic membrane, which is an extension of the collar dorsally, extending along the thorax for a variable number of chaetigers. Serpulids are very abundant in Brazil and important in the fouling community, coating rocks, algae and other structures which provide the appropriate substrate for the installation of these animals, being one of the major groups of polychaetes in bioinvasion studies. Our understanding on the phylogenetic relationships within Serpulidae and between the family and the closely related Fabriciidae Rioja, 1923 and Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 has changed through time; currently, based on both morphological and molecular studies, serpulids are regarded as the sister group of Fabriciidae and this clade is sister to Sabellidae. The present study is one of the first taxonomic studies dealing specifically with the Family Serpulidae along the Brazilian coast, aiming to identify and describe the species found between the southern and northeastern regions; 443 specimens were analyzed, belonging to ten genera and 16 species, of which one species is firstly reported for Brazilian waters and another is new to science
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Fresneau, Chantal. "Étude comparative des émissions intermittentes de luminescence chez un Dinoflagellé et un Annelidé." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112107.
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L’étude de la régulation de la bioluminescence sous forme d’éclairs a été entreprise sur des systèmes, l’un végétal: l’algue dinoflagellée Pyrocystis lunula, l’autre animal: l’annélide Acholoe astericola. Le système d’émission lumineuse est constitué chez Pyrocystis lunula, d’une enzyme: la luciférase, d’un substrat: la luciférine et d’oxygène probablement sous forme de radicaux superoxydes. C’est un système soluble, qui n’est pas lié à des structures membranaires particulières. La purification et la caractérisation de la luciférase et de la luciférine ont été réalisées. Nous avons mis en évidence le précurseur de la luciférine, appelé P630. La transformation du P630 en luciférine s’effectue par l’intermédiaire d’une réduction enzymatique en présence de NAD(P)H. Nous avons également purifiés et caractérisées la réductase responsable de la réduction ainsi que le P630. L’apparition des éclairs, à l’obscurité, pourrait être due à l’absence presque totale d’oxygène, dans les cultures, pendant cette période. Ainsi, chaque stimulation peut entrainer, au niveau des cellules, une modification de la tension d’oxygène et dons le déclenchement d’un éclair. Chez Acholoe astericola, nous avons montré que l’émission est due à l’action de radicaux superoxydes, probablement crées par un réducteur interne, sur un système enzymatique membranaire. Ce système libère ainsi une protéine associée à un chromophore, responsable de l’émission lumineuse. La durée de vie extrêmement courte des radicaux superoxydes peut expliquer la durée très courte des émissions observées.
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Gillet, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude écologique des annelides polychètes de l'estuaire du Bou Regreg, Maroc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375979007.
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