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Journal articles on the topic 'Animals'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Mariño Paz, Ramón. "A variable morfolóxica animais / animaes / animás / animales / animals no galego contemporáneo." Revista Galega de Filoloxía 12 (May 17, 2011): 73–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/rgf.2011.12.0.3854.

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Neste traballo analízase como o purismo e a estandarización influíron no moderno desenvolvemento dunha variable morfolóxica da lingua galega: o plural dos nomes polisílabos agudos terminados en /-l/ no singular.

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2

Novák, Ludvík, Ladislav Zeman, Pavel Novák, and Petr Mareš. "Homogeneity of the phenotype in the fattening pigs and methodology of its assessments." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 2 (2004): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452020053.

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New method for evaluation of the ideal growth performance in pigs has been proved in the experimental stable room of MZLU in ŠZP Žabčice. This method is based on the biological interpretation of the exponential growth function of Gompertz. This solution defines the dynamic of the animal’s phenotype by the body mass at the begin of the fattening (G0), by the animal's race standard body mass (Gli) which is equal to the value of the growth curve asymptote and by the value of the daily maximum body mass increase (dGmax) given by the genotype of the animal. This phenotype definition yields the possibility to define the exponential growth curve of the animal from birth until to the body mass maturity by the equation in which (t) represents the age of the animal:Gt = Gli.exp(-ln(Gli/G0).exp(-(e.dGmax/Gli).t)) [kg] (1)The value of the real daily body mass increase is than estimated by the best approximation of the experimental body mass values by the growth curve defined in the equation (1). The distribution of animals in three groups, according to the calculated daily maximum body mass increase: the thin growing animas, by default growing animals and the most growing animals, demonstrated the dynamic of the relation between the value of the daily maximum body mass increase (dGmax) and the body mass of the animals (Gt). In animals aged 37 days the clear correlation between the daily maximum body mass increase and the body mass reached:Y = 21.486x – 14.826 (R2 = 0.69); and Y = 28.609x2 – 45.21x + 23.868 (R2 = 0.70).In animals of the age 150 days the correlation is a little bit looser:Y = 54.316x +39.146 (R2 = 0.31); and Y = 8.203x2 + 35.192x + 50.241 (R2 = 0.31).The presented original methodology for evaluation of the animal’s individuality by means of the biological version of Gompertz exponential growth functions has been proved as a tool for direct evaluation of expression of the genotype body mass into its phenotype values, already during the experiment or the fattening process.

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3

Cliff, Dave. "From animals to animats." Nature 371, no. 6496 (September 1994): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371455a0.

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4

Bastos, Jéssica Vasconcelos, Marcus Polo Regis Soares Filho, Lígia Rayssa Figueirêdo de Paiva Rodrigues, Lígia Rayssa Figueirêdo de Paiva Rodrigues, Morgana Karine Da Silva, Emanuela Posztbiegel Simões Barbosa, Fabiola Rafaela Santos Barbosa, Rubens Emanoel Tavares Da Rocha, and Ana Carolina Messias de Souza Ferreira Da Costa. "O comércio de medicamentos veterinários." STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 2, no. 3 (November 17, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54020/seasv2n3-001.

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O mercado veterinário está em constante expansão em busca da saúde e bem estar dos animais devido a diversos fatores tais como, aumento da população de animais domésticos, uma busca maior pela qualidade de vida dos animais, aumento no poder de consumo deste segmento, por exemplo. De acordo com o Sindicato Nacional da Indústria de Produtos para Saúde Animal – SINDAN (2018, p. 27), “o aumento significativo no número de animais domésticos/animais de companhia e urbanização da população” são fatores que aquecem a economia voltada ao mercado animal. The veterinary market is constantly expanding in search of the health and welfare of animals due to several factors such as, increase in the population of domestic animals, a greater search for the quality of life of animals, increase in the spending power of this segment, for example. According to the Sindicato Nacional da Indústria de Produtos para Saúde Animal - SINDAN (2018, p. 27), "the significant increase in the number of pets/ companion animals and urbanization of the population" are factors that heat the economy focused on the animal market.

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5

Boivin, X., J. Lensink, C. Tallet, and I. Veissier. "Stockmanship and Farm Animal Welfare." Animal Welfare 12, no. 4 (November 2003): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026075.

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AbstractHuman factors (attitudes, personality traits, self-esteem, job satisfaction) strongly determine our behaviour towards animals, animal production and animal welfare. Recent studies have emphasised positive human contacts as indicators of a stockperson's positive attitude towards animals and towards animal welfare in general. Stockmanship can be improved by careful selection of people and/or by training. However, little is known of the biological basis of the effect of stock handling procedures on the welfare of animals. The animal's perception of the stockperson (based both on emotional responses and cognitive aspects such as anticipation, recognition and categorisation), and the existence of sensitive periods in an animal's life, need to be explored in more depth, especially under farm conditions. We need to consider the complexity of human behaviour (eg husbandry practices, balance between positive and negative interactions, predictability, controllability) and its effect on animal welfare from the animal's point of view throughout its whole life. This paper identifies the importance of positive human contacts for both animals and stockpeople, and highlights the challenge to maintain such positive contacts despite the trend in modern agriculture to increase the number of animals per stockperson. This requires better knowledge of animal genetics, socialisation to humans during sensitive periods, and management of the social group. We emphasise the ethical importance of the human-animal relationship in the context of farm animal welfare and productivity.

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6

Hodgetts, Timothy, and Jamie Lorimer. "Animals’ mobilities." Progress in Human Geography 44, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132518817829.

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This paper draws together animal and mobility studies to develop the concept of animals’ mobilities. It identifies the parallel intellectual interests in these fields that provide the intellectual foundations for this synthesis, in mobility (over movement), affect, relational space, and ordering practices. It explores what configures an animal’s mobility, knowledge practices for researching and evoking animals’ mobilities, and how animals’ mobilities are governed. The conclusion highlights what these fields gain from this synthesis, and identifies the empirical, political and conceptual contributions that this concept makes to geographical research. The argument is illustrated with examples of large, terrestrial mammals, especially bears.

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7

Kożuchowski, Józef. "Ethical responsibilities of man toward animal world. The vision of Robert Spaemann." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 18, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2020.18.5.16.

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The article presents the concept of moral obligations that man has towards animals proposed by Robert Spaemann. Spaemann give reasons for perceiving animal as an object of the law. His analyses present possibilities of solving basic moral questions like for example experiments on animals, animal husbandry, animal slaughter, hunting, interfering into animal's nature and our responsibility for them. Spaemann presents very original arguments for taking care of and responsibility for animals, deriving it from human dignity.

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8

De Campos, Marcia Cristina Maeno. "Animals." Diacrítica 33, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.153.

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Em 1944, o escritor britânico George Orwell publicou a “nouvella” Animal Farm, traduzida em português como A Revolução dos Bichos. Através de signos fortes, como os personagens animais, dentre os quais os porcos ao longo da obra transmutam-se em humanos, e os artefatos humanos, este artigo analisa o poder destes signos nos planos narrativo e de crítica moral-filosófica da obra assim como os do disco lançado trinta anos depois pela banda de rock progressivo inglesa Pink Floyd: Animals.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Animals, Animal Farm, signos, ideologia, releitura, práxis.

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9

Setiabudhi, Donna Okthalia, Irwansyah Irwansyah, and Ahsan Yunus. "Internalization of Animal Welfare Norms: Legal Protection Against Animal Mistreatment." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 4 (December 4, 2023): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v17no4.3205.

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Animal welfare has important aspects in measuring the effect on animals in different situations and environments from an animal’s point of view. Ignoring animal welfare, both livestock and slaughter animals will lead to fear, stress and pain in animals during the process of slaughtering, transporting, marketing and supplying poor feed and water. The type of research is socio-juridical, carried out in North Sulawesi Province with the practice of slaughtering animals which was considered sadistic and received international criticism. The results show that the efforts to protect animals in order to realize animal welfare can be carried out by establishing laws and regulations. Specifically, regulate animal protection so that disharmony does not occur with the substance of the law, multiple interpretations. Animals, in this sense, are subjects for the spread of disease, rather than as objects for contracting the disease, especially from humans. In Indonesia, factors that cause weaknesses in animal protection are sanctions applied, the lack of knowledge and understanding of law enforcement officials.

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10

Yatsenko, I., and O. Parilovsky. "The practice of live animal’s forensic veterinary examination with signs of injury." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(173) (June 24, 2022): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-145-169.

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The disposition of Article 299 Part 1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides criminal liability for animal’s cruel treatment, including for inflicting bodily harm in the injury form. However, regulations and sources of scientific literature don’t contain a definition of the animal mutilation concept and the procedure for its establishment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the practice of forensic veterinary examination of animal’s bodily injuries, which resulted in injury. The article shows that the author's definition of "animal mutilation" is a persistent disorder of animal health due to injury or its consequences, congenital malformations, diseases, accidents that led to complete or partial loss of any organ or animal body part, or to the total or partial loss of only the functions of the organ or parts of the animal's body, which in the interaction of the animal with the environment may lead to permanent loss or significant limitation of the ability to provide physiological manifestations at the level of other animals of the same species(nutrition, reproduction, orientation and movement in space, coordination of movements, natural lifestyles, contact with other animals, self-defense, ability to perform useful work, etc.), and distorts the appearance of the animal due to mutilation of body parts due to deformation, and their physical absence. The purpose of a live subject with signs of injury forensic veterinary examination is to determine the location, nature, severity of damage to animal health, nature of the injury, the degree of disability of the animal in connection with the injury, as well as solving other tasks within the competence of forensic veterinary expert, as well as at the request of the body or person who appointed the expertise or involved the expert. It was stated that the forensic veterinary examination objects are live experimental animals in order to establish their mutilation, including victims of abuse or other illegal actions, as well as signs of congenital malformations, pathological conditions that developed during breeding, animal’s exploitation and transportation; accidents. It was found out that the subjects of forensic veterinary examination of the subject for the purpose of establishing its mutilation are veterinarians who have higher veterinary education, have been trained in forensic veterinary examination in the expert specialty 18.1 "Veterinary Research" and have the forensic veterinary expert qualification. When deciding on the infliction of an animal bodily injuries that caused its injury, the forensic veterinary expert must use the "Rules of forensic veterinary determination of the severity of damage to animal health" and the "Methodology of forensic veterinary examination of animals to determine their injury". Key words: animals, mutilation, injuries, ill-treatment, forensic veterinary examination.

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11

Sealey, Alison. "Animals, animacy and anthropocentrism." From Culture to Language and Back: The Animacy Hierarchy in language and discourse 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.00008.sea.

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Abstract This paper explores various ways in which contemporary British English depicts degrees of animacy among nonhuman animals, and demonstrates the anthropocentric qualities of much discourse about animals. The first section reviews discussions of animacy in relevant research literature, highlighting how these often take for granted a categorical distinction between humans and other animals, before demonstrating how both corpus-assisted approaches to discourse analysis and developments in the analysis of animacy point to a more complex picture. The second section discusses the implications of recent work in social theory for understanding organisms, and their degrees of animacy, from the perspective of networks rather than hierarchies. The third section of the paper presents analyses of an electronically stored corpus of language about animals. Three analyses of naming terms, descriptors and verbal patterns associated with various non-human animals illustrate a range of ways in which their animacy is denoted and connoted. They also demonstrate the influence of discourse type and human purpose on depictions of animals and assumptions about their animacy.

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12

Bendik-Keymer, Jeremy David. "Political Animals and Animal Politics." Environmental Ethics 39, no. 1 (2017): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201739113.

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13

Fish, F. E. "ACTIVELY ANIMATED ANIMALS: Animal Locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00815.

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14

Malamud, Randy. "Poetic Animals and Animal Souls." Society & Animals 6, no. 3 (1998): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853098x00195.

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AbstractMesoamericans' rich spiritual beliefs about the importance of animals and about the correlation between the well-being of animals and that of human beings contrast with a diminutive respect accorded to animals in industrialized cultures. Some vestige of a parallel sensibility, however - granting animals an aura of dignity relatively independent of anthropocentric constructions - may be detected in the animal poetry of selected Western writers including Marianne Moore, Gary Snyder, and José Emilio Pacheco. Such animal poetry, although possessing no explicit links to Mesoamerican spirituality, may represent an ethos extant (albeit rare) in industrial-world culture that quietly celebrates - as Mesoamerican culture does more unabashedly - the sanctity and parity of nonhuman animals.

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15

Pennisi, Antonino, and Laura Giallongo. "Animal Biopolitics: How Animals Vote." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique 31, no. 3 (April 23, 2018): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11196-018-9560-2.

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16

Kilgour, Ron. "Animal welfare considerations — pastoral animals." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 33, no. 4 (April 1985): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1985.35161.

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17

Bailey, Matthew R. "Love Animals? Support Animal Research." Lab Animal 47, no. 2 (February 2018): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.1398.

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18

Borba, Jean Marlos Pinheiro. "CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO ASSISTIDA POR ANIMAIS - EAA PARA A PSICOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: uma análise fenomenológica." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 3, no. 10 (January 24, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v3n11p187-210.

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANIMAL-ASSISTED EDUCATION – EAA FOR THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION: a phenomenological analysisCONTRIBUCIONES DE LA EDUCACIÓN ASISTIDA POR ANIMALES – EAA LA PSICOLOGÍA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: un análisis fenomenológicoA Educação Assistida por Animais (EAA) é um tipo de Intervenção Assistida por Animais – IAA’s utilizada no contexto escolar educacional com crianças e adolescentes inseridos no sistema educacional público ou privado de classes regulares ou especiais e têm seus resultados disseminados na literatura científica. O artigo tem como objetivo sistematizar e apresentar estudos e pesquisas que apontem as contribuições da Educação Assistida por Animais – EAA para a Psicologia da Educação. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando a atitude e o método fenomenológico que orientaram a investigação para suspensão de hipóteses científicas e foco na atenção e na totalidade do que se apresentou à consciência intencional do pesquisador ao privilegiar o que aparece e como aparece. O universo da pesquisa constou da leitura selecionada de livros, artigos, periódicos, trabalhos de conclusão de curso, dissertações e tese de doutoramento. Após essa etapa foram descritas as contribuições dos autores acerca do uso de animais em atividades educacionais. Foram realizadas a localização, a leitura e a seleção de estudos e pesquisas que apresentaram contribuições, riscos e benefícios da EAA para problemas que emergem no contexto educativo. Os estudos foram sistematizados e indicaram que a EAA apresenta contribuições significativas não apenas à Psicologia da Educação, mas também para a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, Educação Inclusiva, Psicomotricidade e Ética. Os resultados do presente artigo evidenciam os benefícios da relação humana e animal, tanto para os humanos quanto para os animais no contexto escolar dentro ou fora da sala de aula.Palavras-chave: Intervenção Assistida por Animais – IAA; Psicologia; Educação; Animais; Humanos.ABSTRACTAssisted Education for Animals (EAA) is a type of Assisted Intervention for Animals (IAA) used in the educational context with school children and adolescents on public or private educational system of regular or special classes and have their results disseminated in scientific literature. The article aims to systematize and present studies and researches that show the contributions of Assisted Education for Animals – EAA Educational Psychology. The survey was conducted using the attitude and the phenomenological method guided the investigation for suspension of scientific hypotheses and focus on attention and all of what is presented to the intentional consciousness of the researcher focusing on what appears and as it appears. The research universe consisted of a set of books, articles, journals, term papers, dissertations and doctoral thesis were read selected. After this stage we described the contributions of the authors on the use of animals in educational activities. Location were carried out, as well as reading and selection of studies and surveys that submitted contributions, benefits and risks of EAA to problems that emerge in the educational context. The studies were systematized and indicated that the EAA has significant contributions not only to the Psychology of Education, but also for the Psychology of Development, Inclusive Education, Psychomotricity and Ethics. The results of this article show the benefits of human and animal relationship, both for humans and for animals in the school context within or outside the classroom.Keywords: Assisted Intervention for Animals – AIA; Psychology; Education; Animals; Humans.RESUMENEducación Asistida por Animales – EAA es un tipo de Intervención Asistida para Animales – IAA’s que se utilizan en el contexto educativo con niños y adolescentes escolares en el sistema educativo público o privado de las clases regulares o especiales, y sus resultados diseminados en la literatura científica. El artículo tiene como objetivo sistematizar y presentar estudios e investigaciones actuales que muestran las contribuciones de Educación Asistida por Animales – Psicología Educacional EAA. La encuesta se llevó a cabo utilizando la actitud y el método fenomenológico que orientaron la investigación para la suspensión de las hipótesis científicas y foco en la atención y todo lo que se presenta a la conciencia intencional del investigador se centrando en lo que parece y como aparece. El universo de la investigación consistió en una serie de libros, artículos, revistas, trabajos académicos, disertaciones y tesis doctoral se leyeron, fueron seleccionados. Después de esta etapa describimos las contribuciones de los autores en el uso de animales en las actividades educativas. Se llevaron a cabo la ubicación, la lectura y la selección de los estudios y encuestas que presentaron contribuciones, beneficios y riesgos de EAA a los problemas que surgen en el contexto educativo. Los estudios fueron sistematizados e indicaron que la EAA tiene importantes contribuciones no sólo a la Psicología de la Educación, sino también para la Psicología del Desarrollo, Educación Inclusiva, Psicomotricidad y Ética. Los resultados de este artículo muestran los beneficios de la relación humana y animal, tanto para humanos como para animales en el contexto de la escuela dentro o fuera de la clase.Palabras clave: Intervención Asistida por Animales – IAA; Psicología; La Educación; Animales; Humano.

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19

Lunney, Daniel. "Ethics and Australian mammalogy: reflections on 15 years (1991 - 2006) on an Animal Ethics Committee." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10010.

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This essay on field mammalogy and research ethics presents my reflections on 15 years as a researcher sitting on an Animal Ethics Committee in New South Wales. It outlines the community debate on animal welfare and the ethics of research on animals, how government has responded, and how wildlife researchers can move forward in this arena. Three schools are identified within the animal protection movement: ‘animal welfare’ holds that it is legitimate to use animals as a resource, so long as that use is ‘necessary’ and the animal’s suffering ‘minimised’; ‘animal liberationists’ are likely to oppose most animal research; the ‘animal rights’ position is firmly abolitionist. The instruments that regulate research involving animals are examined, in particular the New South Wales Animal Research Act 1985, the Australian code of practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, and Animal Ethics Committees. Examples of ethical dilemmas involving both native and non-native animals are discussed. The debate over animals in research will continue, and it is clear that far more can be gained by engaging in the debate than avoiding it. It is in researchers’ interests to publicly defend the essential role of science in conserving our native fauna, and to conduct our work within a well managed welfare framework.

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20

Wijnen, Brigitte, and Pim Martens. "Animals in Animal-Assisted Services: Are They Volunteers or Professionals?" Animals 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192564.

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With the increasingly common practice of Animal-Assisted Services (AAS), whether in therapy, coaching, education, or volunteering programs, the concern over animal welfare has also risen. However, no standards have yet been established for good practices to ensure the animal’s mental health. This is largely due to the wide variety of roles played by animals in interventions and the lack of ‘job descriptions’ for the animal in diverse settings. Some professionals call their animal a ‘volunteer’, others mention that some directive guidance is given to the therapy animal, and some assistance animals are highly trained. Misunderstandings could be avoided if the integrated animal were to receive a justifiable label: volunteer or professional. Choosing either one comes with obligations for the owner, handler, or therapist. In this paper, we compare the roles of human volunteers and professionals to the roles of animals involved in therapy. We also demonstrate the obligations that come along with the decision to label animals as such either volunteers or professionals. Furthermore, we make a plea for animal-friendly interventions, whether in a volunteer position or as a professional, in order to stimulate the animal’s cooperation and motivation. Studying dopamine and translating the findings into context-ethograms can provide a way to judge behavior more objectively.

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Kil, Hye-Bin. "PetTube Animals, devenir-character and becoming a story: Characterization and storytelling of animals in Youtube." K-Culture·Story Contents Reasearch Institute 2 (January 31, 2023): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56659/kcsc.2023.1.59.

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PetTube is new kind of contents created with the progression of digital media. Pets are re-created in PetTube as a member of the community and a special being with own individuality and identity. Based on the tendency of portraying animals, this research analyzed the process of characterization and storytelling of animals on PetTube. Character semiotics and ‘Devenir-’ theory of Gilles Deleuze and Pierre-Féix Guattari was used as methods to interpret how animals are described in Youtube channels. Animal is the core of PetTube. Animals are described as a humanlike being and constantly form a relation with internal and external elements of the video. Former is ‘devenir-character’, which makes animals deviate from the fixed form of ‘animal’. Animals become character by associating language and consciousness to the animal’s appearance. Latter is storytelling of Ritornello, which is done through five patterns of interaction: with human, animal, object, oneself and perspective. Repetition of action and reaction of animals within the interaction forms devenir-character’s intrinsic domain. This paper has pioneering significance in PetTube research area for analyzing contents based on character and storytelling. Although the animal had become the main source of contents for a long time on Youtube, the research related to PetTube is still insufficient. It provides an implication to the contents researchers. This research can be the trigger and an indicator for follow-up researchers to diversify the topic related to PetTube and animal contents.

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22

Schörner, Günther. "Wild Animals and Domestic Animals in the Roman Sacrificial Ritual: Distinctions Between ‘Human’ and ‘Animal’ Animals?" Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal, no. 2005 (March 24, 2006): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/trac2005_99_110.

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23

Ng, Zenithson Y., and Aubrey H. Fine. "Considerations for the Retirement of Therapy Animals." Animals 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121100.

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With the growth of animal-assisted interventions, the number of animals designated to work as therapy animals continues to increase. These animals participate in this work in varying capacities during life, but there will be a point in time when the animal can no longer engage in these activities. The concept of retirement, or withdrawing the animal from its working life, is an important phase of life that every therapy animal will inevitably face. Retirement is typically regarded as a well-deserved reward earned after a lifetime of work, but this termination of an animal’s career has potential positive and negative implications for animal, handler, and human participants in these interventions. The question of precisely when and how to appropriately retire an animal is usually answered at the discretion of the handler; however, the validity of this question remains largely unanswered without scientific evidence. The purpose of this review is to describe the implications of therapy animal retirement for the handler, participant, and animal and to discuss the challenges in determining when to retire a therapy animal.

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Ludovice, Nicolo Paolo P. "The Carabao and the Encounter of the Law in Nineteenth-Century Philippines." Society & Animals 27, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341557.

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AbstractThe place of the non-human animal in the legal world has been questioned. Animals’ legal status as property has been probed on how to best protect their welfare. While this is significant for animals who are not on the farm, it might not be effective when considering animals raised for food. The case of the carabao, or the water buffalo, in the Philippines is seen as a hybrid. This article traces the development of the carabao in Philippine history during the nineteenth century. Through historical, archival, and legal research on animals, the carabao is situated as private property. Colonial instruments of control were introduced to protect the carabao from criminals. In its proper historical context, the classification of carabaos as property indeed highlighted the animal’s status as legally owned, which did not necessarily demean the animal’s relationship with the human peasant nor the carabao’s quality as an animal.

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25

Russack, Neil. "Animals in art, animais in life." Psychological Perspectives 46, no. 1 (September 2003): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332920308405771.

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26

Hemsworth, P. H. "The biological basis of animals’ responses to man." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600021577.

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With the exception of the immediate family, many humans interact more with domesticated animals than they do with other humans. These interactions are often frequent and intense and consequently complex and strong social relationships can be formed between humans and domesticated animals. Results of recent research on the interactions between humans and farm animals indicate some surprising and substantial consequences for the animals and the objective of this paper is to review some of this recent research, particularly that concerned with the biological basis of the response of farm animals to humans. The results of recent research by my colleagues and I, particularly on commercial pigs, will be utilized heavily in this paper.In intensive animal production the animal frequently has to respond to the presence of humans and to handling by humans. One of the main motivations of the animal which will determine the animal's response to humans is fear. Although there is debate concerning the concept and measurement of fear, we have adopted a functional approach in studying the behavioural responses of farm animals to humans.

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GORDILHO, Heron José de Santana, and Cristóvão José dos SANTOS JÚNIOR. "O STATVS JURÍDICO SVI GENERIS DOS ANIMAIS NO CORPVS IVRIS CIVILIS." Revista Juridica 1, no. 54 (March 29, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v1i54.3303.

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RESUMOEste artigo utiliza o método hermenêutico visando traduzir e interpretar o sentido correto do status jurídico dos animais na tradição do Direito Romano a partir das Institutiones do Corpus Iuris Ciuilis. Dessa forma, o artigo questiona a tradicional e reducionista visão de a tradição do Direito Romano sempre considera os animais como coisa. Inicialmente, o artigo faz um breve resumo histórico do Direito Romano à época da criação da obra justinianeia. Em seguida, promove uma tradução de trechos das Institutas que fazem referência aos animais diretamente de uma versão em Latim do romanista alemão Paulus Krueger, momento em que são explicitados traços que indicam que os animais gozavam de um status jurídico singular nas Institutiones. Por fim, constata que existe uma diferença de tratamento entre os animais naquele documento, em decorrência da própria animalidade e da vontade dos animais, que são classificados segundo diferentes critérios, tais como natureza e hábito, que ensejam diferentes categorias, uma vez que os animais possuem direitos derivados do ius naturale. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Institutas; Justiniano; Animais; Res; Coisa. ABSTRACTIt is studied the animal’s legal status in the Corpus Iuris Ciulis Institutiones. Therefore, it is questioned the traditional and reductionist way of thinking that identifies those being simply as things, evidencing clues to sui generis character, through a rereading of the Institutes. To such end, the required Roman Law's history to understand Justinian's work is retrieved. Then, a translation proposition for Institutes' parts which have any animal reference is presented, at which point are shown plentiful of signs that point to a singular law condition. It is realized, upon that, a difference in treatment based on animals' own animality and will, distinguished and classified according to different standards, such as nature and habits, like the categories of domestic, wild, domesticated, and non-domesticated animals. Therefore, clues that disclose acknowledgment of animals' sentience and that these beings truly had right derived from ius naturale are revealed.KEYWORDS: Institutes; Justinian; Animals; Res; Thing.

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VAN WOLPUTTE, STEVEN. "Killing animals by Animal Studies Group." Social Anthropology 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2008): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2008.00026_2.x.

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Campbell, Emma. "Political Animals: Human/Animal Life inBisclavretandYonec." Exemplaria 25, no. 2 (April 2013): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1041257313z.00000000027.

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30

Peace, Adrian. "Killing animals - The Animal Studies Group." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 15, no. 4 (November 6, 2009): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2009.01589_32.x.

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31

Shostak, Stanley. "Thinking Animals: Why Animal Studies Now?" European Legacy 21, no. 5-6 (January 22, 2016): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2016.1139355.

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32

Clarke, Maxine. "Animal welfare: Protesters as laboratory animals." Nature 313, no. 6005 (February 1985): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313725b0.

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Bailey, GD. "Mlcroblology of Animals and Animal Products,." Australian Veterinary Journal 69, no. 1 (January 1992): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb09854.x.

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Kruse, Corwin. "Social Animals: Animal Studies and Sociology." Society & Animals 10, no. 4 (2002): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853002320936836.

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35

Hird, D. W. "Microbiology of animals and animal products." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 3-4 (March 1992): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(92)90059-o.

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36

Provost, A. "Microbiology of animals and animal products." Veterinary Microbiology 32, no. 1 (July 1992): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(92)90013-j.

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37

Munro, Helen. "Animal Abuse: Helping Animals and People." Veterinary Record 173, no. 19 (November 15, 2013): 479.1–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.f6830.

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38

Copeland, Marion W. "Thinking Animals: Why Animal Studies Now?" Anthrozoös 26, no. 1 (March 2013): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175303713x13534238631795.

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39

GAMBOA, G. J. "Animal Relations: Kin Recognition in Animals." Science 238, no. 4833 (December 11, 1987): 1592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4833.1592.

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Insel, Thomas R. "From Animal Models to Model Animals." Biological Psychiatry 62, no. 12 (December 2007): 1337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.10.001.

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Bayanati, Shiva, and Ida Toivonen. "Humans, Animals, Things and Animacy." Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0010.

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AbstractAnimacy influences the patterns of subject-verb agreement marking in many languages, including Persian and Inari Saami. In Persian, animate plural subjects trigger plural agreement on the verb, whereas inanimate subjects may or may not trigger agreement. The variation is governed by factors such as personification, agency and distributivity. In Inari Saami, verbs fully agree with human subjects and verbs partially agree with inanimate subjects. Verbs may or may not agree with subjects referring to animals. We argue that the intricate interaction between biological animacy and grammatical agreement in these two languages warrants careful consideration of the tripartite distinction between biological animacy in the world, our conceptualization of animacy and formal animacy features in the grammar.

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Wemelsfelder, F. "How animals communicate quality of life: the qualitative assessment of behaviour." Animal Welfare 16, S1 (May 2007): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600031699.

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AbstractThe notion ‘quality of life’ (QoL) suggests that welfare in animals encompasses more than just an absence of suffering; it concerns the quality of an animal's entire relationship with its environment, of how it lives its life. Judgements of such quality are based on the integration of perceived details of how animals behave over time in different contexts. The scientific status of such judgements has long been ambiguous, but in recent decades has begun to be addressed by animal scientists. This paper starts with a brief review of qualitative approaches to the study of animal behaviour, which tend to address characteristics such as individuality, personality, and emotionality. The question then arises whether such characteristics involve a subjective, experiential aspect, and identify animals as sentient beings. The second half of this paper argues that taking the integrative nature of qualitative judgements seriously enables a ‘whole animal’ perspective, through which it becomes possible to view behaviour as a dynamic, expressive body language that provides a basis for assessing the quality of an animal's experience (eg contented, anxious). Judging this quality is a skill that requires knowledge of species-specific behaviour, experience in observing and interacting with animals in different contexts, and a willingness to communicate with animals as sentient beings. A substantial body of research indicates that this skill can function reliably in a scientific context, and can be applied usefully as a practical welfare assessment tool. Thus qualitative approaches to the study of animal behaviour should make an important contribution to the growing interest in animal QoL.

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Hemsworth, P. H. "Human-animal interactions in agriculture and their impact on animal welfare and performance." BSAP Occasional Publication 20 (1997): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00043342.

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AbstractHuman-animal interactions are a common feature of modern intensive farming systems and these interactions may have marked consequences on animal productivity and welfare. Research in agriculture has shown interrelationships between the stockperson’s attitudes and behaviour and the behaviour, productivity and welfare of farm animals and the following model of human-animal interactions in agriculture has been proposed. Because a stockperson’s behaviour towards animals is largely under volitional control, this behaviour is strongly influenced by the attitudes that the stockperson holds about the animals. These attitudes and consequent behaviours predominantly affect the animal’s fear of humans which, in turn, affects the animal’s performance and welfare. The mechanism whereby fear affects performance and welfare appears to be through a chronic stress response. The risk to welfare also arises if the stockperson’s attitude and behaviour towards the animals are negative because the stockperson’s commitment to the surveillance of, and the attendance to, welfare issues is likely to be highly questionable.Recent research in the pig industry has shown that a training programme targeting the key attitudes and behaviour of stockpersons produced improvements in stockperson attitudes and behaviour and animal behaviour and productivity. These results indicate the potential to improve animal productivity and welfare by targeting the stockperson’s attitudes and behaviour for improvement. Techniques which may be useful in this regard include staff selection and training procedures addressing these important human attributes.

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Guerrero Martínez, Fernando. "CONCEPCIONES SOBRE LOS ANIMALES EN GRUPOS MAYAS CONTEMPORÁNEOS." Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 10, no. 20 (December 1, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2015.20.31.

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Las concepciones de los grupos mayas sobre la fauna involucran conocimientos y prácticas que son resultado de una percepción aguda del entorno. En este trabajo se articulan algunos de los aspectos importantes de la interacción humano-animal para mostrar la complejidad subyacente a la noción de lo que significan los animales en el mundo maya y sus implicaciones para sus pobladores. La narración del origen de la fauna en diferentes relatos mayas justifica la naturaleza de los animales, su papel en el mundo y su relación con los humanos. La posición privilegiada de aquellos como puente del humano con las deidades y otros seres se verifica mediante las señales y los presagios que da la fauna. El contacto con los animales del entorno posibilita relaciones de diversa índole que son útiles para la población indígena, para desarrollar su forma de vida y sus explicaciones sobre el mundo. CONTEMPORARY MAYAN GROUPS’ CONCEPTS ABOUT ANIMALS The concepts Mayan groups have regarding fauna involve knowledge and practices that result from sharp observation of their surroundings. This paper articulates important aspects of human-animal interaction in order to demonstrate the complexity underlying the notion of what animals mean in the Mayan world and the implications for the inhabitants of these areas. Narratives regarding the origin of animals in different Mayan stories describe the nature of animals, the role they play in the world and their relationship with humans. Animals’ privileged position as a bridge between human beings and deities and other beings can be read through animal signs and omens. Contact with animals in their natural environment enables diverse kinds of relationships that are of use to indigenous people in developing their way of life and their explanations about the world.

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Loibl, Peter, Wilhelm Windisch, and Wolfgang Preißinger. "Examination of high-resolution feed intake data of grower finisher pigs confronted with typical short-term disturbances in stable routine." Czech Journal of Animal Science 65, No. 7 (July 30, 2020): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/25/2020-cjas.

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Modern pig feeding systems allow the collection of highly detailed feeding data for each animal. These data enable the examination of individual feeding behaviours to assess an animal’s wellbeing. As such, four different treatments ‒ undisturbed control, starving (no feed for 24 h, restrictive feeding), feed change (changes in feed composition) and social stress (exchanging of animals between the pens and short-term reduction of accessible water) ‒ were designed to simulate typical short-term disturbances in a practical stable routine. Each treatment was conducted over 2 pens with 12 animals each. Zootechnical performance and feed intake behaviour measures were assessed for each animal. Treatments did not affect zootechnical performance. Results showed that short-term disturbances did not influence feed intake behaviours, such as daily feed intake, amount of intake per feeder visit, number of daily feeder visits and daily feeding action with highest feed intake. Animals developed individual feeding patterns that persisted through artificial short-term disturbances. However, data suggested that an individual animal’s behavioural pattern was strongly influenced by the group (pen) due to group dynamics among animals.

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Kyriazakis, Ilias, Bert J. Tolkamp, and Gerry Emmans. "Diet selection and animal state: an integrative framework." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 4 (November 1999): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199001044.

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In the present paper we deal with the problems of explaining and predicting diet selection of animals under controlled conditions, i.e. conditions that can be described and in which any influences of the environment can be either controlled or at least monitored. Diet selection is considered within an integrative framework of feeding behaviour that views both food intake and diet selection as an outcome of the animal's internal state and knowledge of the feeding environment. Three questions that arise from the framework are considered: (1) how do animals learn about foods available to them as a choice? (2) what changes in internal state affect diet selection? (3) how much time is needed for a change in the animal's internal state to be detected and for it to react to this change through a modification of its diet selection? It is proposed that animals have developed behavioural mechanisms that allow them to recognize foods on the basis of their nutritional as well as other properties. The rate at which animals learn about foods depends largely on the extent of the animal's deficiency and on the extent of the post-ingestive consequences induced by the foods. There is little evidence that animals modify their diet selection in response to short-term systemic fluctuation of their internal environment. On the other hand, long-term changes in the internal state of the animal lead to consequent long-term changes in diet selection. The time needed for a change in diet selection to be observed depends on the deviation created in the animal's internal state, either as a result of a physiological change or as a consequence of feeding. Thus, a more appropriate question to consider is not 'what time period matters to the animal?' but 'how much change or deviation in the internal state is the animal prepared to accept?'

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47

Jirkof, Paulin, Juliane Rudeck, and Lars Lewejohann. "Assessing Affective State in Laboratory Rodents to Promote Animal Welfare—What Is the Progress in Applied Refinement Research?" Animals 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121026.

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An animal’s capacity to suffer is a prerequisite for any animal welfare concern, and the minimization of suffering is a key aim of refinement research. In contrast to the traditional focus on avoiding or reducing negative welfare states, modern animal welfare concepts highlight the importance of promoting positive welfare states in laboratory animals. Reliable assessments of affective states, as well as the knowledge of how to elicit positive affective states, are central to this concept. Important achievements have been made to assess pain and other negative affective states in animals in the last decades, but it is only recently that the neurobiology of positive emotions in humans and animals has been gaining more interest. Thereby, the need for promotion of positive affective states for laboratory animals is gaining more acceptance, and methods allowing the assessment of affective states in animals have been increasingly introduced. In this overview article, we present common and emerging methods to assess affective states in laboratory rodents. We focus on the implementation of these methods into applied refinement research to identify achieved progress as well as the future potential of these tools to improve animal welfare in animal-based research.

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Miao, Jialing. "Trigger of immune deficiency lead to fungal infection in animal." Theoretical and Natural Science 21, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230837.

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The immune system, as an important protection for animals and humans, ensures that they are not attacked by invading microorganisms and destroying them. Once immune system is damaged or defective, it allows harmful microorganisms to grow and spread within the body, attacking internal organs, leading to infections and diseases. When animals are infected with fungi and cause diseases, they can be treated with antibiotics or by surgery. However, probability of diseases caused by fungal infections in animals has gradually increased. Fungi, as a type of microorganisms, play a dominant role in fungal diseases. Therefore, in the article, it will study how microorganisms operate in animals to cause infection, and lead to fungal infectious diseases through analyzing the mechanism of microbial fungi in animals with immune system defects and their impact on animals. Many studies have shown that the common fungal pathogens of infectious diseases exist in the environment of daily life and inside an animal's body. Poor living conditions or improper feeding are the reasons that trigger the growth of microbial fungi in animals. Through research results, improving animal immunity, creating a good living environment and diet can prevent animals from being infected by fungi and leading to diseases. This series of movements of fungi in animals also reflects importance to both the animal body and the environment. Research on the mechanisms of various microorganisms in infections and diseases can also facilitate development for faster and more effective treatment methods, thereby reducing animal infection caused diseases.

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Cooney, Kathleen, and Barry Kipperman. "Ethical and Practical Considerations Associated with Companion Animal Euthanasia." Animals 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030430.

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The reality that euthanasia in veterinary practice can end animal suffering but can also be used in circumstances that do not serve an animal’s interest, can be a benefit for animals, and a burden for veterinary professionals, respectively. This essay addresses ethical and practical concerns associated with companion animal euthanasia, including defining euthanasia, why and when euthanasia should be performed, applying euthanasia in practice, contemporary methods, aftercare of deceased animals, and the consequences of euthanasia and dysthanasia for animals, animal owners, and veterinary professionals. We contend that an intention-based definition of euthanasia should be strictly applied in veterinary practice and that practitioners view euthanasia decisions as requests that can (and in some cases should) be declined, rather than as mandates.

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Mehmood, Sohail Ahmad. "Experience Animalism: Animals’ Vitality and Symbolism in the Poetry of D.H. Lawrence." Human Sciences 6 (June 10, 2021): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33518/hs.6.3.

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