Relevant bibliographies by topics / Animal welfare – United States

Academic literature on the topic 'Animal welfare – United States'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Animal welfare – United States"

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Glosser, James W., and Phyllis B. York. "The Animal Welfare Act's Impact on the Scientist." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 4 (July 1988): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809019515.

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The bond between animals and humans has existed for a long time. Humans are entrusted with the stewardship for animal care and well-being as a part of their use. Legislation has addressed humane care of animals in the United States since 1873. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible for administering many of these laws, including the Animal Welfare Act. Recent amendments to the Animal Welfare Act require regulations to be established for the exercise of dogs and the psychological well-being of primates. It also requires the establishment of an Institutional Animal Committee, training for scientists, consideration of alternatives by the principal investigator, and the establishment of an information service at the National Agricultural Library.
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Sullivan, Paxton, Sage Mijares, Melissa Davis, Katrina Oselinsky, Catie Cramer, Noa Román-Muñiz, Lorann Stallones, and Lily Edwards-Callaway. "A Nationwide Survey of Animal Science Students’ Perceptions of Animal Welfare across Different Animal Categories at Institutions in the United States." Animals 12, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172294.

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Animal welfare is an increasingly important topic across multiple academic disciplines; however, few studies have investigated student perceptions of animal welfare outside of veterinary medicine. The objective of the study was to evaluate animal science students’ perceptions of animal welfare to determine if perceptions differ across animal categories. An online survey was distributed to animal science programs at institutions across the United States. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on 624 responses. Almost all respondents agreed welfare was important for all animal categories (≥97%). The survey asked respondents to rate the level of importance of 12 welfare parameters and there was evidence that the level of importance differed by animal category (p < 0.0001), e.g., fewer respondents indicated having positive interactions with humans was important for agricultural animals. In a subset of questions about agricultural animals, fewer respondents agreed that swine (325, 52.1%) and poultry (268, 43.0%) are raised with an appropriate level of welfare compared to dairy (425, 68.1%) and beef cattle (421, 67.5%). Four free-response questions asked respondents to report their general perceptions of welfare. Thematic analysis identified multiple themes, such as basic needs and human interaction, with most responses (75%) including two or more themes.
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Nurse, Angus. "Mainstreaming after Lisbon: Advancing Animal Welfare in the EU Internal Market." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 22, Issue 3 (June 1, 2013): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2013008.

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This article traces the evolution of EU animal welfare law and policy. What scope do Member States have to protect the welfare of animals? Two recent United Kingdom judgments are considered in which animal welfare was condoned as providing a justifiable reason for restricting the free movement of goods. In the absence of an EU animal welfare policy underpinned by a legal basis on which to adopt animal welfare laws, to what extent have the EU institutions legislated in order to protect the welfare of animals. Post Lisbon, what is the significance of the incorporation of animal welfare as a value on which the EU is premised? To what extent can the internal market provision be utilised to legislate for animal welfare? What potential does mainstreaming animal welfare hold for the development of EU animal welfare policy and law, for the CJEU and for compliance with EU animal welfare standards?
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Fielding, William J., Travis W. Cronin, and Christina Risley-Curtiss. "College Students’ Experiences of Nonhuman Animal Harm in the United States and The Bahamas." Society & Animals 28, no. 7 (December 19, 2018): 752–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341534.

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Abstract This study compares and contrasts experiences of harm to nonhuman animals in the lives of 830 college students in The Bahamas and the United States. Overall, students in The Bahamas were more likely to have been exposed to seeing animals harmed (65%) than those in the United States (16%), and they were more likely to have seen an animal killed (22% in The Bahamas and 12% in the United States). Bahamian students reported a higher rate of participation in harming animals than United States students. Stray animals were at greater risk of harm than animals designated as companion animals. The occurrence of coerced harm to animals including zoophilia was low. Participants were indirect victims of animal harm at older ages than the ages at which they had first witnessed or participated in harming animals. Cross-societal implications of harming animals are discussed in the context of teaching animal welfare.
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Hitchens, Peta L., Rachael H. Booth, Kirsten Stevens, Annabelle Murphy, Bidda Jones, and Lauren M. Hemsworth. "The Welfare of Animals in Australian Filmed Media." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071986.

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Animals play a significant role in the production of film and television in Australia and globally. Given this, regulating and monitoring their welfare on- and off-set is imperative. We therefore aim to compare Australia’s state and territory-based legislation and regulation to those in the United States and the United Kingdom and assess regulations against the Five Domains Model of animal welfare. Historical examples of animal incidents in Australian film are used to illustrate potential deficiencies. We reviewed archived media for animal welfare incidents on and off production sets. We demonstrate a lack of uniformity, with 37.5% (3/8) of states and territories providing targeted Codes of Practice for animals in filmed media, and partially addressing behavioural interactions or mental state within the Five Domains Model. Three themes of welfare concerns were identified including incidents on-set, incidents off-set, and effects of portrayal on perception or ownership of specific species. This highlights the need for standardised national legislation and improved monitoring and regulation. Further research should quantify the number of animals used in productions, describe the type and duration of the work the animals undertake, investigate the frequency of animal welfare incidents, and explore alternative methods to the use of live animals in film and television.
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Ortez, Mario, Courtney Bir, Nicole Olynk Widmar, and Christopher A. Wolf. "Perceptions of Prominent Animal Welfare and Veterinary Care Organizations in the United States." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030472.

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U.S. residents’ perceptions of the impact of prominent animal welfare and veterinary care organizations on pet animal well-being and health care may not be linked to the organization’s stated mission and effectiveness in advancing it, but to the level of recognition people have for the groups. An online survey of 1000 U.S. residents was used to understand the perceived impact of organizations with self-stated dedication to pet animal well-being. Using a Likert-scale, respondents ranked 13 prominent organizations as having a low to high impact on pet animal well-being and health care. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) had the highest perceived average impact, while People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) had the lowest. A best–worst scaling (BWS) choice experiment was conducted with 7 of the initial 13 organizations to elicit relative rankings by forcing tradeoffs by respondents. Consistent with the Likert-scale results, the ASPCA was ranked as the most impactful organization. The ASPCA’s perceived impact on pet animal well-being and health care may be linked to their high level of recognition among respondents, as this was the organization that respondents most frequently reported having seen/heard stories related to animal well-being and health care.
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Spain, C., Daisy Freund, Heather Mohan-Gibbons, Robert Meadow, and Laurie Beacham. "Are They Buying It? United States Consumers’ Changing Attitudes toward More Humanely Raised Meat, Eggs, and Dairy." Animals 8, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8080128.

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This survey research sampled 1000 US (United States) consumers of meat, eggs, and dairy on their attitudes towards the welfare of farm animals and the willingness to pay for products with trustworthy welfare certifications. Most respondents (70%) reported paying attention to labels that indicate how the animals were raised and 78% believed there should be an objective third party to ensure farm animal welfare. The weighted average of the marginal willingness to pay for products raised under a trustworthy welfare certification was $0.79 for eggs (a 32% premium) and $0.96 for 1 lb. of chicken breast (a 48% premium). In addition, 57% of respondents reported they would be likely to choose a restaurant because it serves welfare-certified animal products and are also willing to pay ≥$5.00 extra per entrée. These findings suggest that many US consumers, particularly millennials, would be willing to seek out higher welfare products if they trust the label claims.
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Baysinger, Angela, Paul Ayers, Stephanie Wisdom, and Jon P. Holt. "285 Panel: Recent Practical Advancements Related to On-farm Animal Welfare in the United States." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.015.

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Abstract The purpose of this panel session is to highlight recent practical solutions and advancements to farm animal welfare challenges in the United States. Through a moderated discussion with session attendees, professionals and experts representing a variety of livestock industry and academic sectors will be given the opportunity to share their professional experiences in working to improve animal welfare by highlighting examples of practical solutions they have undertaken. Additionally, a discussion will be held on the future direction of farm animal welfare needs and barriers to implementation of animal welfare-related strategies.
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Carter, H. E. "Farm animal welfare legislation in europe." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960001792x.

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There is mounting concern for the welfare of farm animals in all the countries of the European Community and the members states of the Council of Europe. The rapid increase in intensive management systems of poultry, pigs, cattle and fur-bearing animals has been the subject of heated debate in every European country. The publication of Ruth Harrison's book, Animal Machines, a quarter of a century ago, can now be seen as the starting point for the increasing demands for legislation to control what are seen to be new and unnecessarily restrictive ways of keeping farm animals. In the United Kingdom, as long ago as 1965, the Brambell Committee made recommendations that were largely ignored. Animal welfare societies increasingly called for legislation to control the situation. Society generally, on the other hand, welcomed the provision of cheap eggs, cheap poultry meat and relatively cheap dairy products.
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Mench, J. A. "Assessing Animal Welfare at the Farm and Group Level: A United States Perspective." Animal Welfare 12, no. 4 (November 2003): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026087.

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AbstractThe United States has traditionally lagged behind Europe in the adoption of voluntary or legislated standards for the care and treatment of animals on farms. US federal legislation of farm animal practices is minimal, confined to aspects of livestock transport and slaughter. Although some of the livestock and poultry producer (commodity) groups wrote guidelines, codes of practice, or statements regarding the humane treatment of animals in the 1980s, these were usually very general statements of current industry practice, developed with little consultation with independent experts and involving no mechanism for encouraging or ensuring compliance by producers. However, this has changed dramatically in the last few years, with an increasing trend among US retailers to require their suppliers to adopt minimum animal welfare standards. The major chain restaurants and supermarkets are working through their trade organisations, the National Council of Chain Restaurants and the Food Marketing Institute respectively, and with the commodity groups, to develop a uniform set of standards and a national auditing program. Standards and auditing programs have already been approved for dairy cattle, laying hens and meat chickens, and for slaughter, including ritual slaughter (kosher and halal). The process of setting auditable standards is complicated by the lack of legislative underpinning, the scope of the auditing that will be required because of US farm sizes and the large distances between farms, and the varying levels of expertise of potential auditors. For these reasons, ‘engineering-based’ auditing criteria that are relatively easy to measure and to standardise are more common. There are both strengths and potential weaknesses of retail-driven rather than legislatively driven animal welfare standards. Regardless, the recent changes in the US possibly pave the way for increasing dialogue between Europe and the US on farm animal welfare issues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal welfare – United States"

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Sabo, Joseph Michael. "We Hold These Truths to Be Self-Evident: The Need for Animal Rights in the United States of America." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1335815050.

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Munro, Lyle 1944. "Beasts abstract not : a sociology of animal protection." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7967.

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Penfold, Elizabeth Lily. "To confine or not to confine? : an analysis of the messaging of the proposition 2 campaigns." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/818.

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This thesis employed a Historical-Critical method using rhetoric and framing theory to examine the 2008 Proposition 2: Prevention of Farm Animal Cruelty Act campaigns. The Californians for Humane Farms (HSUS) and Californians for SAFE Food (CSF) were the respective proponent and opponent coalitions analyzed in this thesis. The analysis examined sixteen campaign artifacts that were examples of how the proposition was communicated to California's voting populous. In Conjunction with the appeals and frames, the message strategies were analyzed as to how they allowed the HSUS and CSF to effectively communicate with voters. By using rhetoric and framing 4 theory this analysis was able to distinguish which rhetorical appeals effectively supported the campaigns. The analysis showed that the HSUS was successful with their campaign because of well-executed rhetorical appeals that created a concise message about animal confinement and animal cruelty issues.
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Bidelman, Bernard M. "Social services and twentieth century social welfare policy." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/536301.

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In 1962 Congress enacted legislation which made social services an important instrument of public welfare reform. The law represented the culmination of a half-century effort on the part of public welfare officials to secure recognition for public social services as a distinctive yet integral feature of progressive social welfare policy in the United States. This dissertation traces the evolution of this effort from its origins in the Progressive period to the passage of the Public Welfare Amendments of 1962.The Progressive ideal of social welfare focused on building an institution of public welfare which would satisfy the economic, social, and psychological needs of all citizens. Public welfare officials viewed social services as playing a key role in the realization of this goal. The paper examines how social services became a means of protecting and expanding the functions of public welfare.The history of public social services has been marked by controversy. Throughout most of the twentieth century, the institution of public welfare has been subjected to periodic assaults by the taxpaying public. The stigma associated with welfare has caused many professional social workers to oppose the idea of incorporating social services into public welfare. The response of public welfare officials to these sources of conflict is a major topic which the paper explores.The context for and the ramifications of the dispute between professional social workers and public welfare officials over the propriety of public social services are discussed in the first three chapters of the paper. The last three chapters recount the political strategies used by public welfare officials to gain acceptance of their plan for integrating social services with public welfare policy.
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Paz-Fuchs, Amir. "Conditional welfare : welfare-to-work programmes in Britain and the United States." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432184.

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Harding, Emma J. "Novel methods for assessing mental states and animal welfare." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269369.

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Brown, Jimmi Sue. "Welfare as a social control in the United States." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=406.

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Orefice, Joseph N. "Silvopasture in the Northeastern United States." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708463.

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Silvopasture, the sustainable integration of livestock and trees on the same unit of land, may have the potential to contribute to agricultural productivity in the Northeastern United States and concurrently encourage the ecosystems services which trees provide. Extremely little is known regarding the ecological characteristics of silvopastures being utilized, their social and economic drivers, or their agricultural productivity. Silvopasture characteristics, management, and reasons for use were documented through a purposeful sample of silvopasture practitioners in New York and New England. Results document the functional role of silvopastures on regional farms. This research also investigated the ecological and production dynamics of silvopastures in the Northeastern United States, their management, and the reasons for their use. Forest conversion to silvopasture, open pasture, and heavily thinned forests were utilized to investigate the ecological and production dynamics during the establishment phase of forest conversion to pasture. Results suggest the potential for silvopasture as a competitive management option for forestland. This dissertation establishes a baseline for future investigations into the management of silvopastures in the Northeastern United States.

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Romero, Sergio. "The welfare reform crisis, 1988-1996 : an analysis of the conservative policy network's role in the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147834.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-188). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Johnson, Margaret Alice. "United States evaluation policy| A theoretical taxonomy." Thesis, Cornell University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3586275.

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Efforts are currently underway in the US federal context to improve and strengthen evaluation practice and increase the use of evaluation results to inform policies and programs. However, these efforts remain unrealized, due partly to the lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework that views evaluation and related organizational processes and institutions as part of a larger system. Early intuitive theoretical taxonomies of evaluation policy suffer from the lack of connection to specific examples and instances, and are missing clear classification criteria that would allow practical application. To generate a grounded taxonomy of evaluation policy, this study surveyed members of the American Evaluation Association in 2009, asking them to generate examples of evaluation policy, and then to sort and rate these suggested policies. Results are analyzed using the concept mapping method of Trochim (1989), which first translates aggregate sorting decisions into conceptual “distances” on a two-dimensional dot map, then uses hierarchical cluster analysis to generate groupings of ideas. These groupings become the foundation for categories in a theoretical taxonomy. Findings reveal several different dimensions by which participants grouped evaluation policies, including the dimensions of “value” and “policy mechanism.” A values-by-mechanisms taxonomy and instructions for its use in an evaluation policy inventory process are proposed.

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Books on the topic "Animal welfare – United States"

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service., ed. Animal care: Safeguarding the welfare of animals. [Riverdale, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1999.

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Garner, Robert. Political animals: Animal protection politics in Britain and the United States. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Carlton, Dennis G. Animal protection: Treatment and welfare issues. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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F, Ruggiero Leonard, ed. Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. Niwot, Colo: University Press of Colorado, 2000.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Amend Title 18, United States Code, to Punish the Depiction of Animal Cruelty. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Strategic direction for the animal care program. Riverdale, Md.]: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 2000.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. National Animal Identification System. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Manzo, Bettina. The animal rights movement in the United States, 1975-1990: An annotated bibliography. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1994.

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Spiegel, Marjorie. The dreaded comparison: Human and animal slavery. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mirror Books, 1989.

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Service, United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection. Strategic direction for the animal care program. Riverdale, Md.]: The Service, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Animal welfare – United States"

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Liebman, Matthew. "Key animal law in the United States." In Routledge Handbook of Animal Welfare, 436–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003182351-39.

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Garner, Robert. "The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in the United States." In Political Animals, 139–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26438-4_8.

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Schaffner, Joan E. "Blackfish and Public Outcry: A Unique Political and Legal Opportunity for Fundamental Change to the Legal Protection of Marine Mammals in the United States." In Animal Law and Welfare - International Perspectives, 237–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26818-7_11.

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Nanda Kumar, T., Anisha Samantara, and Ashok Gulati. "Poultry Value Chain." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 227–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4268-2_7.

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AbstractIn the livestock sector in India, poultry farming holds a prominent position owing to its impressive growth led by the private sector. Poultry sector has shown rapid growth, with chicken meat growing at an average annual growth rate of 9% and eggs growing at 6% from 2000–01 to 2018–19 (DAHD DAHD (2020) Basic animal husbandry statistics 2020. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Government of India). The recent steady growth in domestic demand for chicken meat has made it possible to increase production with a ready market putting India among the top poultry producers in the world. India was the third-largest egg producer after China and the USA with a production of 88 billion eggs and fifth-largest chicken meat producer with a production of 3.5 million tonnes during 2017–18 (FAOSTAT (2018) Food and Agriculture data. Retrieved from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data). This transformation in the poultry sector was led by the commercial poultry industry which contributes about 80% of the total poultry production. The other 20% is produced by the traditional backyard poultry. The broiler industry is concentrated in the southern and western states and accounts for a major share of total output. Similarly, the layer industry is dominated by well-developed states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, accounting for nearly 60% of the production (DAHDF (2017) National Action Plan for Egg & Poultry-2022 for Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Government of India.). Commercial poultry farming is yet to make a dent in more populous states like Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
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Pfaller, Alfred. "The United States." In Can the Welfare State Compete?, 45–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10716-2_3.

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Rushefsky, Mark E. "Poverty and Welfare." In Public Policy in the United States, 171–217. Sixth Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315542850-4.

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Kass, Philip H. "Cat Overpopulation in the United States." In The Welfare Of Cats, 119–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3227-1_5.

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Dobelstein, Andrew W. "Developing a New Social Welfare Structure." In Poverty in the United States, 125–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137476630_7.

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Cannella, Gaile S. "Child Welfare in the United States." In Governing Children, Families, and Education, 173–93. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08023-3_8.

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Gupta, Asha. "Recent Welfare Reforms in the United States." In Welfare States and the Future, 223–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554917_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Animal welfare – United States"

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Lyke, Austin. "College Student Attitudes Toward Welfare in the United States." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1428727.

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Buntain, B. J. "Impact of in-plant HACCP implementation on food animal production in the United States." In Second International Symposium on Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-428.

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Nolan, Rhiannon Z., Sara B. Pruss, Sara B. Pruss, Emily F. Smith, Emily F. Smith, Olivia Leadbetter, Olivia Leadbetter, Martha Slaymaker, and Martha Slaymaker. "DECLINING SKELETAL ANIMAL ABUNDANCE DURING AND AFTER THE ARCHAEOCYATH EXTINCTION IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337151.

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Affonce, Derek A., Erik S. Sojka, Livingston Van De Water, Robert Sheridan, and Alex J. Fowler. "Myofibroblast Activity in an Animal Model for Human Hypertrophic Scar." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33647.

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Approximately 100,000 burn patients require hospital admissions each year in the United States. About 90% of those patients survive to face the long term consequences of burn injury [1]. The primary cause of long term disability in burn survivors is hypertrophic scarring. These thick, deforming scars physically impair movement and cause major psychological morbidity. Hypertrophic scarring is particularly severe in young children [2].
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Kovács, Eszter. "Transoceanic trade triangle of the US-EU-China." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.5.

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As part of global trade, the emergence of free trade agreements has resulted in the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers over the past seventy years. The major trade actors (European Union, United States, and China) have become economic rivals, which make them compete in confrontational or cooperative ways for greater benefits and welfare. This paper discusses three free trade agreements between the US‒EU‒China: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), and the Economic And Trade Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The People’s Republic Of China (ETA). The author’s contribution is the creation of alternative scenarios to analyse the effects of these treaties on profit from a game theoretical approach. The results of this model suggest that cooperation generates greater economic benefits in each situation compared to competitive strategy. At the same time, players’ welfare cannot be identified with profit in all cases.
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BALODE, Ilze, Anna VINTERE, Daiva RIMKUVIENĖ, and Eve ARUVEE. "ADULT MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CASE OF BALTIC STATES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.220.

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Mathematical competence is one of the eight basic key competencies which are defined by EU Directives. Mathematical competence includes the skills of applying basic processes and principles of mathematics in everyday contexts. The aim of current research is to identify the role of adult mathematics education and mathematical competence in sustainable development in case of Baltic States. We are continuing the investigations that began in the Nordplus research project “Cooperation to strengthen the citizens' math skills in the context of sustainable development and welfare”. The main objective of the research is to highlight the role of mathematics in a lifelong context. We separate two aspects of mathematics role in sustainable development. The first considers mathematics as a tool in processional work, the second considers the role of mathematical competence in the development of person's intelligence and personality. Both aspects are widely discussed in the scientific literature and in the programmatic documents of United Nations, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organizationn, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Through combining insights of theoretical goals of leading international institutions and actual survey data we can show the value of mathematical competence in adults in the Baltic states.
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7

Feola, Andrew J., Keisha Jones, Marianna Alperin, Robbie Duerr, Pam A. Moalli, and Steven Abramowitch. "Establishing an Animal Model for the Evaluation of Vaginal Meshes." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206762.

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Roughly three million women in the United States give birth vaginally each year [1]. Clinically, the vagina undergoes pronounced adaptations up to the time of delivery, presumably to afford passage of the fetus [2]. Our group has suggested that if these adaptations are not sufficient or if fetus size is too large, an injury to the vagina or its supportive tissues will likely result. Vaginal injury at the time of delivery occurs quite frequently and research examining the levator ani muscle, the major muscular component of the pelvic floor, revealed injury in up to 20% of women who have given birth vaginally [3]. Therefore, vaginal birth is considered one of the greatest risk factors for pelvic floor disorders (i.e. urinary dysfunction and pelvic organ prolapse) later in life.
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Barr, Kyla N., Craig J. Goergen, Maj Hedehus, Junya Azuma, Charles A. Taylor, Philip S. Tsao, and Joan M. Greve. "Quantification of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease Progression Using Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19009.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease, defined as a pathological dilation of the vessel wall, is responsible for 15,000 deaths per year in the United States. Human AAA are often asymmetric, typically expanding anteriorly as the posterior region is supported by the vertebral column [1]. Other work has shown that healthy thoracic aortic motion is also asymmetric in pigs and humans [2]. Two commonly used murine models induce AAA growth with either the infusion of angiotensin II (angII) [3] or intra-arterial perfusion of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) into the aortic lumen [4]. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between vessel motion, circumferential cyclic strain, and aneurysm growth in two different murine models of AAA disease using small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Jiang, Bo, Amro M. Farid, and Kamal Youcef-Toumi. "Impacts of Industrial Baseline Errors on Costs and Social Welfare in the Demand Side Management of Day-Ahead Wholesale Markets." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49459.

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Demand Side Management (DSM) has been recognized for its potential to counteract the intermittent nature of renewable energy, increase system efficiency, and reduce system costs. While the popular approach among academia adopts a social welfare maximization formulation, the industrial practice in the United States electricity market compensates customers according to their load reduction from a predefined electricity consumption baseline that would have occurred without DSM. This paper is an extension of a previous paper studying the differences between the industrial & academic approach to dispatching demands. In the previous paper, the comparison of the two models showed that while the social welfare model uses a stochastic net load composed of two terms, the industrial DSM model uses a stochastic net load composed of three terms including the additional baseline term. That work showed that the academic and industrial optimization method have the same dispatch result in the absence of baseline errors given the proper reconciliation of their respective cost functions. DSM participants, however, and very much unfortunately, are likely to manipulate the baseline in order to receive greater financial compensation. This paper now seeks to study the impacts of erroneous industrial baselines in a day-ahead wholesale market context. Using the same system configuration and mathematical formalism, the industrial model is compared to the social welfare model. The erroneous baseline is shown to result in a different and more importantly costlier dispatch. It is also likely to require more control activity in subsequent layers of enterprise control. Thus an erroneous baseline is likely to increase system costs and overestimate the potential for social welfare improvements.
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Goergen, Craig J., Gilwoo Choi, Maj Hedehus, Charles A. Taylor, Philip S. Tsao, and Joan M. Greve. "Correlation Between Aortic Motion and Vessel Bulging in a Murine Aneurysm Model Using Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-203792.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), defined as a 1.5-fold or greater increase in vessel diameter, leads to approximately 15,000 deaths per year in the United States. While the clinical morbidities are well-known, a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms that lead to initiation of the disease and progressive expansion of the vessel remain elusive. Murine AAA models have been developed to aid in better understanding the condition in humans. However, aneurysm research in mice to date has been limited to assessment of vessel growth by invasive or 2D ultrasound methods and has not considered wall dynamics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize wall motion and aortic displacement in mouse aortas by developing high spatial and temporal resolution MR imaging and vessel quantification methods, with the goal of comparing the motion of healthy vasculature to the direction of AAA bulging.
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Reports on the topic "Animal welfare – United States"

1

Blank, Rebecca. Evaluating Welfare Reform in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8983.

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2

Costa, Dora, and Richard Steckel. Long-Term Trends in Health, Welfare, and Economic Growth in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0076.

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3

Krueger, Dirk, and Fabrizio Perri. On the Welfare Consequences of the Increase in Inequality in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9993.

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4

Fishback, Price. Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and the Nordic Countries: 1900-2003. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15982.

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Eissa, Nada, Henrik Jacobsen Kleven, and Claus Thustrup Kreiner. Evaluation of Four Tax Reforms in the United States: Labor Supply and Welfare Effects for Single Mothers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10935.

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6

Fishback, Price. Markets, Governments, and the Institutional Structure of Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and Sweden in the 20th Century. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30066.

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7

Alley Jr, Frank M., and Pasquale A. Lerro. Report of the United States Air Force Morale, Welfare and Recreation Task Force. Impact Analysis of Institutional Factors Impacting MWR Activities. Annex A. Appendix 8. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada209163.

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8

Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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9

Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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10

Glick, Mark. An Economic Defense of Multiple Antitrust Goals: Reversing Income Inequality and Promoting Political Democracy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp181.

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Two recent papers by prominent antitrust scholars argue that a revived antitrust movement can help reverse the dramatic rise in economic inequality and the erosion of political democracy in the United States. Both papers rely on the legislative history of the key antitrust statutes to support their case. Not surprisingly, their recommendations have been met with alarm in some quarters and with skepticism in others. Such proposals by antitrust reformers are often contrasted with the Consumer Welfare Standard that pervades antitrust policy today. The Consumer Welfare Standard suffers from several defects: (1) It employs a narrow, unworkable measure of welfare; (2) It excludes important sources of welfare based on the assumption that antitrust seeks only to maximize wealth; (3) It assumes a constant and equal individual marginal utility of money; and (4) It is often combined with extraneous ideological goals. Even with these defects, however, if applied consistent with its theoretical underpinnings, the consideration of the transfer of labor rents resulting from a merger or dominant firm conduct is supported by the Consumer Welfare Standard. Moreover, even when only consumers (and not producers) are deemed relevant, the welfare of labor still should consistently be considered part of consumer welfare. In contrast, fostering political democracy—a prominent traditional antitrust goal that was jettisoned by the Chicago School—falls outside the Consumer Welfare Standard in any of its constructs. To undergird such important broader goals requires that the Consumer Welfare Standard be replaced with the General Welfare Standard. The General Welfare Standard consists of modern welfare economics modified to accommodate objective analyses of human welfare and purged of inconsistencies.
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