Journal articles on the topic 'Animal waste'
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1
Fox, M. "Animal waste." Veterinary Record 124, no. 17 (April 29, 1989): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.124.17.473-a.
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Okpaga, Fredrick Oge, Adewale Iyaniwura Adeolu, Friday Nweke Nwalo, Alex Ochai Okpe, Chimdi Cynthia Ikpeama, and Chinedu Ele Ogwu. "Safeguarding ecosystems using innovative approaches to manage animal wastes." Bio-Research 22, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 2274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v22i1.6.
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Animal wastes (AWs) are excreta or discarded materials associated with animal production industries. It could be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form, such as animal dung or droppings, discarded feed, feathers, fur, decayed bodies of dead animals, blood waste, effluent from animal farms, milk wastes, urine, and fart. Animal wastes are generated in high quantity, even beyond the control of animal farmers, due to the increase in animal production globally. These wastes pollute the ecosystem. They release greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere through anaerobic fermentation which deplete ozone layer. Nitrogen and phosphorus constituents of Aws alter soil texture and pollute water bodies through run-off and direct disposal into water systems. The resultant effects of the pollution include climate change, degradation of soil and burning of crops, death of aquatic biota, release of offensive odour, especially ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and cause diseases of public health concern to human beings and animals. These consequences are due to the emission of harmful gases and compounds and the presence of pathogens in the waste. Animal wastes are potential sources of income and resources, and their environmental consequences could be reduced if farmers could use innovative approaches such as vermicomposting, production of biogas using wastes, membrane filtration, liquid – solid separation, thermal treatment and chemical treatment approaches to manage animal wastes. Government regulation and policies against indiscriminate disposal and application of animal wastes, coupled with the sensitization of people to the benefits and dangers associated with animal waste, could also prevent environmental challenges.
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Prošková, A., Z. Kopicová, J. Kučera, and L. Škarková. "Acid catalysed transesterification of animal waste fat." Research in Agricultural Engineering 55, No. 1 (February 11, 2009): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2008-rae.
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Rendering plant fat (RPF) was collected and different conditions were used for transesterification. The course of transesterification of RPF was compared with that of transesterification of lard under the same conditions. Significant diffe-rences were found between transesterification of RPF and that of lard. Optimum methanol excess for lard transesterification was found to be 30-fold, for RPF 10-fold, optimum sulfuric acid concentration was 1% for lard, 2.5% for RPF. Optimum temperature as well as optimum reaction time were similar in both cases. The fatty acid composition is similar but not identical in both fats. RPF contains a higher amount of free acid which could be the reason for the differences observed.
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Janoško, I., and M. Čery. "Degradation of animal malodour." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (June 2, 2016): S60—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2015-rae.
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Animal waste represents a significant threat to the environment. Degradation of waste from dead animals is in general carried out in specialized facilities (rendering plants) under specific rules and guidelines. In plant proximity, undesirable malodour is usually produced during the combustion process. This odour can be effectively reduced so that it does not negatively affect the environment and society. Degradation of animal waste malodour can be processed in ozonisers, thermal combustion devices or in bio washers. The purpose of this paper is to determine the limits of exhausts that are produced during direct combustion of animal waste malodour. The level of ammonia in the combustion air is dependent on the quality of raw material processed at rendering plants where the measurements were carried out. In order to reduce the economic costs, the use of alternative fuels (animal fat, heavy fuel oil) is recommended.
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Sagara, Naohiko. "Association of ectomycorrhizal fungi with decomposed animal wastes in forest habitats: a cleaning symbiosis?" Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 1423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-406.
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A new tripartite relationship among animals, fungi, and plants, based on formation of ectomycorrhiza and on removal of animal wastes, is described. In forest habitats where animal wastes such as urine or faeces or dead bodies, mainly of mammals, have been deposited, a particular group of fungi form reproductive structures successionally after the apparent decomposition of the wastes. This natural event can be simulated by application to the soil of urea, aqueous ammonia, or nitrogen compounds that release ammonia on decomposition. Both field observations and simulation experiments show that, when these events take place in forests of ectomycorrhizal trees, ectomycorrhizal fungi fruit during the late phase in the succession. Ectomycorrhizas are in fact observed in the soils colonized by these fungi. Among these fungi, Hebeloma spp., Laccaria spp., and a few others colonize commonly in various waste sites, while Hebeloma radicosum colonizes specifically in moles’ deserted middens (latrines) near their nests. The animals involved here as waste depositors or cadavers seem not to feed on the fungi and the plants but may depend on them for cleaning their own habitats, since mycorrhizas should readily remove products derived from wastes. The tripartite relationship described may be viewed as a cleaning symbiosis. Key words: animal waste, ammonia, postputrefaction fungi, Hebeloma, ectomycorrhiza, cleaning symbiosis.
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Cieciura-Włoch, Weronika, and Sebastian Borowski. "BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WASTES OF PLANT AND ANIMAL ORIGIN VIA DARK FERMENTATION." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 27, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.9806.
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This study investigated the batch experiments on biohydrogen production from wastes of plant and animal origin. Several substrates including sugar beet pulp (SBP), sugar beet leaves (SBL), sugar beet stillage (SBS), rye stillage (RS), maize silage (MS), fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), kitchen waste (KW) and slaughterhouse waste (SHW) including intestinal wastes, meat tissue, post flotation sludge were tested for their suitability for hydrogen production. Generally, the substrates of plant origin were found to be appropriate for dark fermentation, and the highest hydrogen yield of 280 dm3 H2/kg VS was obtained from fruit and vegetable waste. Contrary to these findings, slaughterhouse waste as well as kitchen waste turned out to be unsuitable for hydrogen production although their methane potential was high. It was also concluded that the combined thermal pretreatment with substrate acidification was needed to achieve high hydrogen yields from wastes.
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Kokieva, Galia, Yurii Shaposhnikov, Anastasia Spiridonova, and Zhanna Sivsheva. "Animal waste utilization technology." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127305005.
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The applicability of learned introduction of anaerobic digestion of animal waste will be obvious after a wide setting of afull-scale experiment and an across-the-board economic feasibility.However, yet today, basing on the domestic and abroad practice on biopowerdigesters engineering and operation,it can be argued that their use is economically advantageous than the traditional system. The obtained experience evidences thatthe cubicle housingof dairy cows is advanced. Milking operation is carried out in a special house, which ramps up milkquality, improves working conditions for milkmaids, and reduces labor costs.The problem of the animal waste impact on environment, especially on natural waters is acute. There is no summarized information about their distribution for fertilization and discharge.Not only liquid animal waste, but also silage sap causepollution. The Energy Program sets the task of widespread involvement of non-conventional energyin the country's energy balance. Biomass is of the great importance among such sources in the agro-industrial complex of the country.Anaerobicmethanoic digestion of animal waste allows evolving biogas – a valuable organic fertilizer with extra biological activityor protein-vitamin concentrates for feed supplementation.Such digestion of animal waste is an effective environmental action that provides its deodorization, reduction of soil and water pollution with repugnant substances and pathogenic microflora, atmospheric emissions (due to removal)
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Kasatkin, V. V., N. Yu Kasatkina, S. P. Ignatyev, and A. A. Litvinyuk. "Recycling of animal waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012112.
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Abstract The growth of the number of farm animals and poultry contributes to the growth of environmental problems. Recycling of animal waste will solve these problems, as well as obtain organic fertilizers and additional energy sources. The purpose of the research is to develop technological solutions that allow organic waste from agricultural production to be involved in the production of secondary marketable products and energy resources. At the initial stage of processing, organic waste is sent to methane fermentation in the methane tank. The resulting biogas is used to obtain the thermal energy necessary to maintain the temperature of methane fermentation and to dry organic fertilizers laid for storage. The substrate at the outlet of the methane tank mixed with filler is sent to the production of compost, including using vermiculture. The carbon dioxide formed during the combustion of biogas, to increase the efficiency of the process of recycling organic waste from animal husbandry, is used for air nutrition of plants. Thus, the technology proposed as a result of the theoretical synthesis will allow reducing the environmental burden from agricultural production, as well as obtaining marketable products and secondary energy resources.
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Graham, Jay P., and Keeve E. Nachman. "Managing waste from confined animal feeding operations in the United States: the need for sanitary reform." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 4 (June 8, 2010): 646–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.075.
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Confined food-animal operations in the United States produce more than 40 times the amount of waste than human biosolids generated from US wastewater treatment plants. Unlike biosolids, which must meet regulatory standards for pathogen levels, vector attraction reduction and metal content, no treatment is required of waste from animal agriculture. This omission is of concern based on dramatic changes in livestock production over the past 50 years, which have resulted in large increases in animal waste and a high degree of geographic concentration of waste associated with the regional growth of industrial food-animal production. Regulatory measures have not kept pace with these changes. The purpose of this paper is to: 1) review trends that affect food-animal waste production in the United States, 2) assess risks associated with food-animal wastes, 3) contrast food-animal waste management practices to management practices for biosolids and 4) make recommendations based on existing and potential policy options to improve management of food-animal waste.
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Bhunia, Shantanu, Ankita Bhowmik, Rambilash Mallick, and Joydeep Mukherjee. "Agronomic Efficiency of Animal-Derived Organic Fertilizers and Their Effects on Biology and Fertility of Soil: A Review." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050823.
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Healthy soils are essential for progressive agronomic activities. Organic fertilization positively affects agro-ecosystems by stimulating plant growth, enhancing crop productivity and fruit quality and improving soil fertility. Soil health and food security are the key elements of Organic Agriculture 3.0. Landfilling and/or open-dumping of animal wastes produced from slaughtering cause environmental pollution by releasing toxic substances, leachate and greenhouse gases. Direct application of animal carcasses to agricultural fields can adversely affect soil microbiota. Effective waste management technologies such as thermal drying, composting, vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion transform animal wastes, making them suitable for soil application by supplying soil high in organic carbon and total nitrogen. Recent agronomic practices applied recycled animal wastes as organic fertilizer in crop production. However, plants may not survive at a high fertilization rate due to the presence of labile carbon fraction in animal wastes. Therefore, dose calculation and determination of fertilizer application frequency are crucial for agronomists. Long-term animal waste-derived organic supplementation promotes copiotrophic microbial abundance due to enhanced substrate affinity, provides micronutrients to soils and protects crops from soil-borne pathogens owing to formation of plant-beneficial microbial consortia. Animal waste-derived organically fertilized soils possess higher urease and acid phosphatase activities. Furthermore, waste to fertilizer conversion is a low-energy requiring process that promotes circular bio-economy. Thus, considering the promotion of soil fertility, microbial abundance, disease protection and economic considerations application of animal-waste-derived organic fertilizer should be the mainstay for sustainable agriculture.
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Varghese, Sandhya Alice, Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil, Khwanchat Promhuad, Atcharawan Srisa, Yeyen Laorenza, Lerpong Jarupan, Tarinee Nampitch, Vanee Chonhenchob, and Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit. "Renovation of Agro-Waste for Sustainable Food Packaging: A Review." Polymers 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030648.
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Waste management in the agricultural sector has become a major concern. Increased food production to satisfy the surge in population has resulted in the generation of large volumes of solid waste. Agro-waste is a rich source of biocompounds with high potential as a raw material for food packaging. Utilization of agro-waste supports the goal of sustainable development in a circular economy. This paper reviews recent trends and the development of agro-wastes from plant and animal sources into eco-friendly food packaging systems. Different plant and animal sources and their potential development into packaging are discussed, including crop residues, process residues, vegetable and fruit wastes, and animal-derived wastes. A comprehensive analysis of the properties and production methods of these packages is presented. Future aspects of agro-waste packaging systems and the inherent production problems are addressed.
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., Ahmad. "EFFICIENT AND ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLID WASTE USING WINDROW COMPOSTING TECHNIQUE AND EFFECT OF SEWAGE AS ADDITIVE ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSTS." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 4, no. 1 (2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2022.26.31.
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Solid waste management is a crucial issue in developing countries due to large amounts of waste being generated from different sources. Aerobic windrow composting of various wastes was carried out to create compost from various wastes for use as a nutritious soil fertilizer and to optimize waste material by employing sewage as an addition to minimize composting time and improve soil nutritional value. Four composting windrows were formed with three different types of wastes i.e. first windrow was animal waste + garden waste treated by sewage water, second windrow was food waste + garden waste treated by sewage water, third windrow was mixture of wastes treated by sewage water, and the last windrow was also mixture of wastes but treated by tap water. The compost of mixture of wastes treated by sewage water was found better than the other three windrows as having pH 8.69, Organic Content 59.25%, Moisture Content 28.09%, Carbon 27.85%, Nitrogen 0.66%, C/N ratio 42.2, Phosphorous 1.4% and Potassium 0.84%. If composting of mixture of wastes like animal waste, food waste and garden waste treated with sewage water is carried out, then it will give better results and also reduce the composting period by 30%.
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Atkinson, D., and C. A. Watson. "The environmental impact of intensive systems of animal production in the lowlands." Animal Science 63, no. 3 (December 1996): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980001523x.
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AbstractEnvironmental issues, linked to the production of animals in lowland farming systems, are reviewed, using pigs, poultry and dairy cattle as examples. The principal livestock production factors influencing their environmental impact are identified as the balance between different farm animal types and the husbandry practices used for these species, the variable potential which exists for the recycling of wastes and the modification of inputs to systems, the extent to which animal production can be integrated into more holistic farming systems and the impact of livestock on 'wildlife' (plant and animal) biodiversity. The production of large quantities of nitrogenous waste, resulting from the importation of large quantities of nitrogen to intensive animal production units, is identified as the major environmental problem for lowland animal production. The development of-systems which allow these waste products to be re-used at sites of primary crop production is seen as a sustainable solution to this problem.
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Plavša, Nada, Stoja Jotanović, and Đorđe Savić. "Disposal of Animal Waste as a Risk Factor in the Spread of Zoonotic Pathogens." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1603219p.
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The aim of this study is to give an overview of the production and management of animal waste in the Republic of Serbia, and to emphasize the importance of this issue and its proper solution. Disposal of animal waste is a significant prophylactic measure, aimed at detecting, preventing, suppressing and eradicating infectious and parasitic diseases in humans and animals. The process of animal waste disposal starts from the manufacturer, who is responsible for ensuring safe storage of waste in a cooling unit, until its final removal in the processing plant. Disposal of animal waste must be done in a safe way otherwise dangerous pathogens can be spread by water, air and soil and can endanger the health of the population. In the European Union, and the Republic of Serbia accordingly, the legislation was introduced regulating the ways of managing animal waste, categorizing hazardous waste and ways to its secure resolving, with member states obliged to respect and apply the methods of safe handling of by-products of animal origin.
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Krauss, Amy J. "Waste management: small animal practice." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 223, no. 1 (July 2003): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.223.53.
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Baladincz, Peter, and Jenő Hancsók. "Fuel from waste animal fats." Chemical Engineering Journal 282 (December 2015): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.003.
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NAKAI, Yutaka. "Animal Waste Management and Microorganisms." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 72, no. 1 (2001): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.72.1.
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Wooten, Richard R., Anton L. Huger, and Philip N. Middleton. "5027451 Portable animal waste device." Environment International 18, no. 3 (January 1992): XVI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(92)90177-6.
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Diaz, Luis F. "Food Waste to Animal Feed." Waste Management 22, no. 5 (August 2002): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00017-4.
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Halmaciu, I. A., I. Ionel, I. Vetres, R. M. Balogh, and D. Bisorca. "Challenges and performance evaluation of livestock waste energy content." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 960, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/960/1/012017.
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Abstract The global increase of the population has generated more and more requirement of the animal-based food. In order to provide this requirement, it was necessary to increase considerably the actual numbers of animals. This has led to both numerous positive and negative effects brought both to people and animals. Creating agro-touristic farms, ensuring fresh food, creating workplaces are just a part of the factors which have beneficial effects on the human beings. Yet, a major problem, which should not be ignored and neglected, is represented by the wastes resulted from animal breeding. These superficially treated wastes can cause numerous negative effects on the whole ecosystem. The animal dejections, the water resulted from the meat processing, the animal corpses, and all represent biodegradable wastes, which might be used, by transforming their energy content into electrical and thermal energy. This can be possible, for example, by using these wastes as raw material for producing biogas. To prove their efficiency in producing the biogases there have been done thermal analysis. In this article are analysed, from a thermal point of view, 3 different samples. In the first part of the experiment were analysed the swine dejections, in the second part were analysed the poultry dejections, and the third experiment consisted in the analysis of the cow stable waste. The analysis of these samples was done with the help of the Netzsch 449 C Jupiter device. The results obtained from the analysis prove the fact that all the three raw materials can be used as raw materials in producing the biogas.
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Okolie, Jude A., Toheeb Jimoh, Olugbenga Akande, Patrick U. Okoye, Chukwuma C. Ogbaga, Adekunle A. Adeleke, Peter P. Ikubanni, Fatih Güleç, and Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon. "Pathways for the Valorization of Animal and Human Waste to Biofuels, Sustainable Materials, and Value-Added Chemicals." Environments 10, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10030046.
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Human and animal waste, including waste products originating from human or animal digestive systems, such as urine, feces, and animal manure, have constituted a nuisance to the environment. Inappropriate disposal and poor sanitation of human and animal waste often cause negative impacts on human health through contamination of the terrestrial environment, soil, and water bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to convert these wastes into useful resources to mitigate their adverse environmental effect. The present study provides an overview and research progress of different thermochemical and biological conversion pathways for the transformation of human- and animal-derived waste into valuable resources. The physicochemical properties of human and animal waste are meticulously discussed, as well as nutrient recovery strategies. In addition, a bibliometric analysis is provided to identify the trends in research and knowledge gaps. The results reveal that the USA, China, and England are the dominant countries in the research areas related to resource recovery from human or animal waste. In addition, researchers from the University of Illinois, the University of California Davis, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhejiang University are front runners in research related to these areas. Future research could be extended to the development of technologies for on-site recovery of resources, exploring integrated resource recovery pathways, and exploring different safe waste processing methods.
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Iskakov, Ruslan, and Adilet Sugirbay. "Technologies for the Rational Use of Animal Waste: A Review." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032278.
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Animal waste can serve as a raw material source for feed preparation, and can also be used, after appropriate processing, as fuel, fertilizer, biogas, and other useful products. In addition, the practical use of these wastes eliminates their mandatory disposal. Recycling animal waste is a feature of the circular economy, leading to environmental sustainability. In this regard, we conducted a search and review of contemporary scientific publications from open sources, including publications and data from Internet portals, Web of Science, Scopus scientometric databases, websites of patent offices, libraries, and reading rooms. It has been found that animal by-products are desirable for use in combination with vegetable protein sources. The 15 most relevant types of animal waste and their use are indicated based on current scientific publications. Moreover, 13 types of feed of animal origin, along with their purposes and descriptions, are also identified. Current scientific publications and research on the processing of insects into feed; the use of bird droppings, meat, and bone and bone meal; and the processing of seafood waste, bird waste, and eggshells are reviewed. As a result, firstly, the most important types of technological equipment involved in animal waste processing technologies, particularly devices for drying, grinding, and mixing, are analyzed and discussed. Secondly, technologies for processing waste into useful products of animal origin are analyzed and discussed.
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Argun, Yusuf Alparslan, and Özgür Çakmakcı. "Mapping the Dispersion Pollution Load of Animal Waste and Investigating its Environmental Effects: The Case of Karaman." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 11, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 2288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i12.2288-2299.6171.
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Animal wastes are not stored correctly and are used haphazardly without control in agricultural lands. As a result, it causes many irreparable environmental pollution, especially water pollution. These wastes, which are described as diffuse pollution, cause pollution of both underground and surface water resources directly or indirectly and even make them unusable. In this research, waste generation as a result of animal breeding in Karaman province, its districts, neighborhoods and villages and the effects of animal wastes on environmental pollution were evaluated with distributed pollutant load calculations. In the study, the number of 1019277 ovine and 81368 bovine in Karaman in 2022 was used. The total nitrogen (TN) produced annually by the animals has been calculated as 1,723.23 tons/year, and the total phosphorus (TP) amount is determined as 124.23 tons/year. Additionally, for large ruminant animals, the annual total amount of dry manure is 130,305.77 tons, and for small ruminant animals, it is 41,984.27 tons. To prevent environmental pollution, these wastes should be stored in closed areas in compliance with standards, and processes such as composting, drying, and biogas production should be applied. By doing so, not only can environmental pollution be mitigated but also economic value can be obtained. The proper management and utilization of these wastes have high economic potential and can contribute to sustainable development, supporting the country’s economy. In addition, this study is a source for researchers working in the field in calculating the pollution load of animal wastes and is thought to be a guide for decision makers and practitioners.
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Zhuk, Petro V. "Agricultural waste in Ukraine: generation volumes and recycling issues." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(155) (2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2022-3-4.
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In the context of agricultural waste recycling perspectives, the article addresses the issues of its structure, approaches to classification, determining its volumes and generation processes, and waste generation coverage in statistical observations. The author offers the consideration of three classification groups of agricultural waste: crop, animal, and agrochemical waste. The low level of agricultural waste representation in official domestic statistical reports is emphasized. The methodological approaches to calculating the crop and animal waste are suggested, and agricultural waste in Ukrainian regions is calculated and mapped. The calculations show that the annual volume of agricultural waste generation in Ukraine amounts to 177.5 million tons, and only about 5 percent of them are represented in statistical reports. This situation almost eliminates the creation of an efficient public waste management system that would secure the inclusion of tens of millions of tons of crop and animal origin resources in economic turnover through waste recycling and complicates the implementation of business projects in the reuse and processing of agricultural waste. The article outlines the directions, technological forms, and reserves of primary and secondary agricultural waste recycling. It also defines three possible ways to use primary crop waste: to secure animal breeding needs, for energy purposes, and as a fertilizer. Most animal wastes are safe and low-hazard, and can be used as secondary material or energy resources. Manure plays a special role in agricultural animal waste recycling. Biologically cleaned, disinfected, or biothermally processes manure is a valuable organic fertilizer. Energy is considered to be a perspective direction of the manure use in Ukraine. The article emphasizes the importance of taking into account the competitiveness of agricultural waste recycling directions based on the general economic and environmental reasonability.
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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Catalin Razvan Vintu, Constantin Daniel Diaconu, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Study of Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Environmental Issue in Romania." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.3.5503.
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Agriculture and animal husbandry produce significant quantity of solid or liquid residues and waste products. Unfortunately, some of these wastes are not dealt with properly and are causing considerable damage to the environment. Agricultural wastes (AW) in Romania amount range from 7600 thousand tons a year of which only 1400 thousand tons as animal feed and 1100 thousand tons as organic manure are being utilized. These crop waste results after harvesting in the farm of leaves stem which are characterized as coarse plant by-products and big size, chemically low in protein and fat contents, or, like other country (example: Netherlands) avoid waste as much as possible, recover the valuable raw materials from any waste that is created, try to generate energy by incinerating the residual waste, and only then dump what is left. The focus of the research paper is to investigate the importance of agriculture wastes that becomes very obvious and aggregated after the harvest crops. The most common solution is the utilizations of agricultural waste for compositing, as animal fodder, most often as a source of energy, food production, by growing mushroom on agricultural wastes such as oat straw as a substrate. This means the conversion of wastes to economic, nutritional human food. Growing vegetables on oat straw compacted bales in areas where soil disease and salinity are constrains. The implementation of most of the solutions to agricultural waste management does not meet the basic elements of sustainability like environmental protection and social progression, technical and technological improvement as well as economic improvements.
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Naganathan, Sivakumar, Sonny Silvadanan, Tang Yew Chung, Mark Francis Nicolasselvam, and Sivadass Thiruchelvam. "Use of Wastes in Developing Mortar – A Review." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.146.
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This paper is a literature review about the use of wastes in masonry mortar. Wastes such as wood waste ash, municipal solid waste, ground waste seashells, glass waste, fly ash, corn cob ash and palm oil fuel ash are used to replace cement as the binding material. Wastes of Cathode Ray Tube (CRTs) glass, plastic waste, construction demolition wastes, foundry sand and quarry dust are used as a replacement for fine aggregates. Additives such as recycled copper tailings and animal proteins also improve the properties of masonry mortar. It is learnt that certain percentages of wastes can be used as substitutes for binding materials and fine aggregates and therefore the ideal amount of waste can be determined.
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Nath, Pinku Chandra, Amiya Ojha, Shubhankar Debnath, Minaxi Sharma, Prakash Kumar Nayak, Kandi Sridhar, and Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. "Valorization of Food Waste as Animal Feed: A Step towards Sustainable Food Waste Management and Circular Bioeconomy." Animals 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2023): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13081366.
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The growing population and healthy food demands have led to a rise in food waste generation, causing severe environmental and economic impacts. However, food waste (FW) can be converted into sustainable animal feed, reducing waste disposal and providing an alternative protein source for animals. The utilization of FW as animal feed presents a solution that not only tackles challenges pertaining to FW management and food security but also lessens the demand for the development of traditional feed, which is an endeavour that is both resource and environmentally intensive in nature. Moreover, this approach can also contribute to the circular economy by creating a closed-loop system that reduces the use of natural resources and minimizes environmental pollution. Therefore, this review discusses the characteristics and types of FW, as well as advanced treatment methods that can be used to recycle FW into high-quality animal feed and its limitations, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of using FW as animal feed. Finally, the review concludes that utilization of FW as animal feed can provide a sustainable solution for FW management, food security, preserving resources, reducing environmental impacts, and contributing to the circular bioeconomy.
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Wang, Yi, B. Dharmaveer Shetty, Sundaram Kuppu, and Pramod K. Pandey. "Animal waste antibiotic residues and resistance genes: A review." Open Agriculture 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 688–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0129.
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Abstract Antibiotic resistance is an emerging risk for human and animal health, and mitigating the risk requires an improved understanding of various sources of risks and identifying the level of threats for each source. Many antibiotics are currently used against pathogens for treating infections in animals and humans, and it is considered that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) acquired by pathogens may have an environmental origin. Because of contamination in ambient waterways, it is likely that ARGs may affect both organic and non-organic farming. While health risk as a consequence of ARGs is difficult to determine because of lack of understanding of dose-response, the presence of ARGs in human waste and animal manure, and the subsequent application of these organic wastes as fertilizers has a potential of spreading ARGs in the environment. Additional research is needed to understand the presence, growth, and transport of ARGs through animal wastes such as dairy manure. In this review, we focus on synthesizing information regarding the occurrence of ARGs in dairy manure, potential transport pathways, and factors responsible for the spread of ARGs in the environment. Besides, we also explore potential treatment methods that may contribute to the ARG removal in dairy manure and help alleviate ARG contamination.
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Furtado, Gil Dutra, Soraya Abrantes Pinto De Brito, Grazielly Diniz Duarte, Felipe Eduardo da Silva Sobral, and Martin Lindsey Christoffersen. "ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION OF RATIONS FOR THE FEEDING OF POULTRY AND SWINE." Environmental Smoke 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke.20225342-45.
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The use of organic waste for manufacturing animal ration is a technique that aims to reduce the waste of organic matter otherwise directed to discharge dumps. At the same time, it represents a source for the production of alternative food for animals such as swine and poultry. This bibliographic review aims to present an alternative formula for the production of animal rations that can improve feeding systems for animals raised in rural areas.
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Košarčić, Slavica, Mira Kovačević, and Nada Plavša. "ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT – A PRACTICAL SOLUTION." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v2i1.205.
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Management of animal waste, originating from agriculture and food production, has to be disposed in a safe, financially justified manner and practical solutions which are in accordance to EU regulations, have to be applied. According to the Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 animal waste is categorized in three categories. Categorization of the waste is a precondition for proper and harmless treatment of waste from the aspect of public health and protection of the environment. The first category consists of dangerous matters that are disposed in an incinerator at 1200oC. The second and third category may be used in processing or in production of biogas and compost, but according to the prescribed procedures. This paper presents a practical solution in processing of animal waste of all three categories: building a composting facility and an incinerator. The composting facility consists of covered concrete plateau, boxes for composting, area for keeping the compost, roads for mechanization, premises for maintaining hygiene of workers, space for incinerator and a fence with a gate. This facility should be built according to the previously designed construction project. Safe management of animal waste is, according to this suggestion, possible because biodegradation is carried out by the help of commercial heterotrophic microorganisms and plants distributed in layers. Compost, originating from the litter on farms, is mixed with the compost that originates from animal waste. The obtained compost has to be analyzed on pathogen microorganisms and pedology composition and than used in crop production. It was concluded that this way of animal waste is safe, financially justified and according to the European regulations.
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Goldstein, H. "Waste not, pollute not [animal waste recycling for power production]." IEEE Spectrum 39, no. 1 (January 2002): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.975026.
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Terziev, Angel, Penka Zlateva, and Martin Ivanov. "Enhancing the Fermentation Process in Biogas Production from Animal and Plant Waste Substrates in the Southeastern Region of Bulgaria." Fermentation 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10040187.
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Annually, a huge amount of waste from plant biomass and animal manure is produced from agriculture and animal farming. Many studies provide information on the biomethane potential of agricultural and livestock wastes, but only a few studies have investigated the application of the substrates in combination. The objective of the study is to enhance the fermentation process in the digester for biogas production, obtained from animal and plant waste substrates. In four batch processes for three months, the temperatures and the residence time of the substrates in the fermenter were analyzed. Simultaneously, electricity and thermal energy were produced via cogeneration units, which were exported to the public grid and city heating network. The plant substrate is a silage mixture of corn and wheat waste. The animal substrate is a mixture of beef and pig manure. Animal and vegetable waste raw materials are collected and transported to the site, located in the region of southeastern Bulgaria. The total annual consumption of animal and plant waste is 17,971 t/year. The enhancement of the process leads to the production of 1,506,000 Nm3 CH4/a of methane, the generation of which requires 299.63 MWh/a of electricity and 649.09 MWh/a thermal energy.
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Aktar, Nahid. "Dhaka’s Dual Crisis: A Call for Collective Action on Waste Contamination and Homeless Animal Welfare." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XII (2024): 1931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7012148.
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Dhaka, Bangladesh, is grappling with a dual crisis as waste pollution and a severe health crisis affecting homeless animals cast a worrying shadow over the city’s reputation. This article carefully explores metropolises’ interconnected challenges, emphasising the critical need for a collective response from governments, citizens, and diverse organisations. The waste management crisis, characterised by inefficient disposal systems and increased garbage piles, poses substantial health risks to the population. At the same time, homeless animals endure dire living conditions, which raises significant concerns for animal welfare. Notably, this article addresses a significant research gap by highlighting the limited existing studies examining the effects of waste pollution on animal welfare. In doing so, it proposes a comprehensive approach that includes immediate waste management solutions, public awareness campaigns, government support for animal welfare, community participation, international cooperation, policy reform, emergency medical care for animals, as well as long-term sustainable planning, and a robust monitoring and Evaluation framework. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, expert interviews and a systematic literature review, the study identifies sources of pollution, factors affecting animal population development indicators. The findings underscore the need for urgent and concerted efforts to address these interrelated challenges and restore the city’s ecological and social well-being for all its species.
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Tedeschi, Luis O., and Egleu D. M. Mendes. "13 Precision Livestock Farming Tools for Climate-Smart Feedyard Operations." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.390.
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Abstract Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is a technology-driven approach comprising sensors, cameras, global positioning system tracking, and data analytics to collect real-time data on animal behavior, health, welfare, and performance that enables feedyard operations to make informed decisions and take proactive measures to ensure optimized management and the well-being of their livestock and production efficiency. PLF systems leverage advanced analytical tools and techniques, such as artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, by integrating data provided by various sensors and software with related datasets and standard AI models to obtain unique data-driven decisions on a range of management practices. The most imminent benefits of PLF include reduced environmental impact and increased profitability. Current PLF tools for climate-smart feedyard operations include 1) feed management systems that use data from feed intake and animal behavior to optimize feed efficiency and minimize waste, which has the potential to decrease the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to livestock feeding and feed production; 2) environmental monitoring systems to collect local temperature, humidity, and air quality to optimize the pen environment, which can reduce stress on animals, reduce diseases, such as the incidence of respiratory and foot infections, and improve their overall health; 3) feeding systems to use data from individual animals to provide individualized feed and nutrient programs, thus, helping to improve and select for feed efficiency and reduce the amount of feed wasted, assisting with mitigating GHG emissions associated with livestock feeding and feed production; 4) individual animal monitoring systems to access behavior, health and well-being of individual animals that, through early disease symptoms detection, can prevent and reduce recovery time, and reduce the amount of medication applied to animals, reducing GHG gas emissions associated with pharmaceutical products; and 5) waste management systems to help reduce GHG emissions associated with manure production by optimizing manure management and reducing the amount of waste, which can also help reduce unpleasant odors and improve the overall environment conditions in and around feedyards. Waste management systems could also measure the soil and water contamination with fugitive nutrients, feed additives, implants, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals administrated to animals to maintain health standards. The adoption of PLF tools in feedyard operations aims to create a sustainable and efficient livestock industry by reducing waste, optimizing resources, and improving animal welfare through advanced technologies and analytical tools. Additionally, PLF tools enable feedyards to optimize feeding and breeding programs, minimize waste and environmental pollution, and improve the quality and safety of animal products. In today's fast-paced industry, PLF tools are essential for feedyard operations to monitor, analyze, and make informed decisions about the well-being and production efficiency of their livestock, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and efficient livestock industry.
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MATSUMOTO, KAZUSHI. "Animal waste treatment in Kagoshima Prefecture." Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi 26, no. 4 (1989): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5938/youton.26.285.
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Fomicheva, N. V., and G. Yu Rabinovich. "Technological line for processing animal waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 677, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 052004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/677/5/052004.
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Timorshina, Svetlana, Elizaveta Popova, and Alexander Osmolovskiy. "Sustainable Applications of Animal Waste Proteins." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081601.
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Currently, the growth of the global population leads to an increase in demand for agricultural products. Expanding the obtaining and consumption of food products results in a scale up in the amount of by-products formed, the development of processing methods for which is becoming an urgent task of modern science. Collagen and keratin make up a significant part of the animal origin protein waste, and the potential for their biotechnological application is almost inexhaustible. The specific fibrillar structure allows collagen and keratin to be in demand in bioengineering in various forms and formats, as a basis for obtaining hydrogels, nanoparticles and scaffolds for regenerative medicine and targeted drug delivery, films for the development of biodegradable packaging materials, etc. This review describes the variety of sustainable sources of collagen and keratin and the beneficial application multiformity of these proteins.
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Girotto, Francesca, and Carlo Andrea Cossu. "Animal waste and waste animal by-products generated along the livestock breeding and meat food chain." Waste Management 70 (December 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.028.
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Yin, Wenjun, Zhonghua Zhang, Tongcai Liu, Jiao Xu, Shaoze Xiao, and Yao Xu. "N-Doped Animal Keratin Waste Porous Biochar derived from Trapa Natans Husks." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040987.
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Animal-keratin-wastes (AKWs), horns (HN), hair (HR), puffed waterfowl feathers (PF), hydrolyzed waterfowl feathers (HF), hydrolyzed fish meal (HM), crab meat (CM), feathers (FR), shrimp chaff (SC), fish scales (FS), and waste leather (WL) were used as modifiers to prepare animal-keratin-wastes biochars (AKWs-BC) derived from Trapa natans husks (TH). AKWs-BC have a well-developed microporous structure with a pore size mainly below 3 nm. Due to the doping of AKWs, the surface chemical properties of AKWs-BC (especially N functional groups) were improved. The utilization of APWs not only realizes the resource utilization of waste, but also can be used to prepare high-performance biochars.
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Khadzhynova, O. "Relationship Between Economic Security and Waste Processing Levels Among EU Countries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1269, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1269/1/012002.
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Abstract The article explores the relationship between economic security and the dynamics of waste processing among various groups in EU countries. The analysis of waste processing dynamics among EU countries was conducted both from the perspective of the type of processing (Energy recovery, Recycling) and from the perspective of the type of waste generation (recyclable wastes, mixed ordinary wastes, animal and mixed food waste, chemical and medical wastes). In addition, significant attention was paid to determining the relationship between the level of economic development and waste processing nationally among different EU countries. Using regression models, the magnitude of the average marginal impact of the level of economic growth on waste processing volumes among EU countries was determined.
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Sheheli, S. "Waste Disposal and Management System in Rural Areas of Mymensingh." Progressive Agriculture 18, no. 2 (March 9, 2014): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18278.
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The study was conducted in rural areas of Mymensingh district during March to April 2007. Seventy two households were interviewed and respondents were grouped in three categories: low, medium and high income group to identify the respondents socio-economic condition, total waste production, processing, utilization and preservation methods of waste. The total organic waste production was unequally proportionate areas among low, medium and high income group. Waste generation was also depending on family size and family income. Smaller family generated less amount of waste while larger family generated huge wastes. High income contributes to generate more wastes. The characteristics such as family size and family income of the respondents had positive and significant relationships with their waste generation. Waste use as many purpose such as manure, fuel, landfill etc. A significant amount of waste generated from domestic animal, specially cowdung have been using as fuel purpose. Only 2.78% respondents used cowdung as compost in their crop field due to less number of domestic animals and scarcity of fuel wood. But 27.78% respondents were not used it for any of those purposes. Besides these ashes, kitchen waste, feed wastage etc. are used as manure and landfill purpose. Respondents had no systematic planning in all spheres of production, processing and utilization of organic waste. The respondents were disposing their solid waste at various times. As a result improper processing and preservation of wastes have been occurring serious air and water pollution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18383 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 247 - 254, 2007
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Kicheeva, A. G., V. A. Tereschenko, E. A. Ivanov, O. V. Ivanova, and Iu G. Liubimova. "Application of pine nut needles and shells in the feeding of farm animals and poultry (review)." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-61-4-108-125.
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Forests cover one-third of the planet’s land surface. Forests are essential for maintaining a clean environment, food security and biodiversity. Forests are also a source of food for animals. In the processing of forest resources, the forest industry accumulates various forest biomass wastes containing valuable and nutritious biologically active substances. The article provides an overview of the current state of the art in applying forest industry waste to feed farm animals and poultry. The authors presented the characteristics of biological properties of plant forestry raw materials and described the mechanism of their action on the animal organism. The authors analysed the results of studies of domestic and foreign scientists on feeding animals and poultry with feed additives containing pine needles and pine nutshells. The authors also characterised the possible advantages and disadvantages of using feed additives. The analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature in the area under study has shown that forest industry waste in feed production and animal feeding is relevant as the available fodder base does not always allow to satisfy the need of animals for nutrients and biologically active substances. It has been noted that pine needles are used worldwide as a feed additive, but in the countries with the most significant areas of forests and developed forest industry, their use is the most common and effective. The use of cedar nut shells in the feeding of farm animals and poultry is most produced in Russia, while this area is underdeveloped in the world. The literature review has confirmed that using forest industry wastes such as pine nut needles and shells in animal feed production is promising livestock production.
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Jucker, Costanza, Daniela Lupi, Christopher Douglas Moore, Maria Giovanna Leonardi, and Sara Savoldelli. "Nutrient Recapture from Insect Farm Waste: Bioconversion with Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010362.
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Hermetia illucens is an efficient bioconverter able to grow on various different organic materials, producing larvae, which are a good source of protein and fat with applications in the animal feed and biochemical industries. This fly’s capacity to reduce huge amounts of waste presents an interesting opportunity to establish a circular food economy. In this study, we assessed the suitability of using organic wastes from cricket and locust farming to rear H. illucens. Larvae developed until adult emergence on all the wastes, with a mean survival of over 94%. Cricket waste allowed faster development of heavier larvae than locust waste. Substrate reduction was particularly interesting on cricket waste (<72%), while locust waste was only reduced by 33%. The nutritional composition of the larvae reflected that of the growing substrates with a high protein and fat content. These results demonstrate the potential of using H. illucens to reduce and valorise waste generated when farming various insects through the production of a larval biomass for use as a protein meal in animal feeds or industrial applications.
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Kalambura, Sanja, Neven Voća, Tajana Krička, Zoran Šindrak, Ana Špehar, and Dejan Kalambura. "High-Risk Biodegradable Waste Processing By Alkaline Hydrolysis." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2104.
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High-Risk Biodegradable Waste Processing By Alkaline HydrolysisBiodegradable waste is by definition degraded by other living organisms. Every day, meat industry produces large amounts of a specific type of biodegradable waste called slaughterhouse waste. Traditionally in Europe, this waste is recycled in rendering plants which produce meat and bone meal and fat. However, feeding animals with meat and bone meal has been banned since the outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In consequence, new slaughterhouse waste processing technologies have been developed, and animal wastes have now been used for energy production. Certain parts of this waste, such as brains and spinal cord, are deemed high-risk substances, because they may be infected with prions. Their treatment is therefore possible only in strictly controlled conditions. One of the methods which seems to bear acceptable health risk is alkaline hydrolysis. This paper presents the results of an alkaline hydrolysis efficiency study. It also proposes reuse of the obtained material as organic fertiliser, as is suggested by the analytical comparison between meat and bone meal and hydrolysate.
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M N, Chandan. "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ANIMAL FOOD MAKING MACHINE USING WASTE FRUITS AND VEGETABLE PULP." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 27, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34860.
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Nowadays, the availability of food for cattle is a significant issue for farmers, exacerbated by environmental conditions like drought. Since human life is somewhat dependent on cattle, it is essential to meet their dietary needs. One potential solution involves utilizing the fruit and vegetable pulp that typically goes to waste. By reducing the moisture content, which leads to decay, this pulp can be repurposed effectively. The process, known as "pulp to pedigree," involves heating the pulp to reduce its moisture content and then grinding it into a form that can be fed to animals. This machine not only decreases the moisture content but also aids in storing the pulp. Once dried, the pulp is finely ground into a pedigree that can be readily used as cattle feed, thus saving valuable pulp from being wasted. The machine operates through a heating and drying process using heating elements and hot air flow. By maintaining the furnace temperature and air velocity at optimal levels for the specific fruit pulp and waste from juicers, the moisture content can be minimized without harming the nutrients. This drying process extends the shelf life of the fruit waste, which can then be directly used as animal feed. This approach enhances animal nutrition and reduces fruit waste, providing a practical solution to the cattle food availability problem.
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Noori, Abdul Wasim, Mohammad Jafar Royen, Alžbeta Medveďová, and Juma Haydary. "Drying of Food Waste for Potential Use as Animal Feed." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105849.
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A considerable part of food is wasted, causing investment capital loss as well as environmental pollution and health problems in humans. Indirect solar drying was applied to test the potential of drying and reusing this waste as a component of animal feed. The effect of weather changes on drying kinetics and the effective diffusion coefficient, dried feed nutritional composition, and microbiological analysis of the dried product were investigated. A convective laboratory dryer was used as a reference method. Weather conditions have a crucial effect on the use of solar drying; one sunny day with appropriate conditions can reduce the water activity of food waste to below 0.3 and moisture content to below 6%. Much better fitting of experimental and model drying curves was achieved considering sample shrinkage, applying a more complex solution of Fick’s second law combined with an optimization procedure. The studied food waste had a good combination of nutrients, such as protein, fat, and carbohydrates; however, the amount of protein in the dried food waste was found to be lower than that in regular feed, and therefore, adding a protein source is recommended. Autoclaving of fresh samples reduced the total microbial counts of dried samples by more than 50%.
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Pimenta, Ana Clara Muniz, Susana Paixão, Arthur Couto Neves, and Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol. "Healthcare waste management as a tool for human health protection: a mini review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): e24311225203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25203.
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Healthcare wastes are generated by human or animal healthcare facilities. A small portion of these wastes are considered dangerous. However, accidents generated by incorrect waste management is a reality around the world. Accidents happen in different management stages, from the waste generation to its final destination, if waste is not properly managed. Therefore, this work aimed to discuss the possible problems related to the incorrect healthcare waste management, focusing on public health. This mini-review discussed some of the ways in which waste management can favor the preservation of public health and the environment, through steps such as minimization, segregation and recycling.
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Aksüt, Burcu, Samet Kaya Dursun, and Gazanfer Ergüneş. "Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60250 Tokat." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 5 (June 2, 2022): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i5.958-963.5217.
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With the increase in the world population and the continuous development of technology, energy demands continue to increase. In general, the global energy needs are met by fossil sourced fuels. Depleting nature of fossil energy sources, their negative impacts on environment, increasing energy demands have led the efficient use of energy sources and the shift to local and renewable energy resources. Biogas is a renewable energy resource. Since organic wastes are used in biogas production, biogas offers a significant way of elimination of wastes and a source of energy. Animal wastes are the primary source of biogas. In this study, it is aimed to determine the biogas potential of Tokat province from animal wastes. Depending on this purpose, the amount of waste and biogas that can be obtained from animal waste and the energy potential that can be produced have been revealed by using the current data of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. Energy equivalents of the biogas that can be obtained were also calculated. According to 2021 data, there are 303.952 cattle, 511.457 sheep and 247.333 poultry in Tokat province. Annually, 245.988 tons solid animal waste are obtained in Tokat province. In this study, conducted with the 2021 data of Tokat province, the amount of biogas that can be produced from animal wastes was calculated as 49 million m3/year. Districts with the greatest biogas potential are Merkez, Turhal and Zile respectively in 2021. The energy equivalent of biogas produced has been calculated as 292.000 MWh/year
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Venter, J. C. "Pollution associated with intensive livestock-production units." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 5, no. 3 (March 18, 1986): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v5i3.992.
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In order to take advantage of market proximity, intensive livestock-production units are established on the outskirts of cities. Approximately 70 percent of the poultry and pigs in the Republic is kept in the Transvaal and Western Cape. The total amount of wastes produced in intensive animal units in South Africa is estimated at 9,8 million tons per annum. Waste contains large amounts of plant nutrients, and if handling is incorrect, serious pollution will occur. Pollution takes place when plant nutrients and salts infiltrate the soil in excess of the crop requirement and would result in saline soil or pollution of the groundwater. Waste washed away by surface run-off, will render rivers and dams useless. Water contaminated with pathogenes present in animal waste can cause and spread disease. Although the technology for the safe handling of animal waste exists, the number of cases of pollution is annually increasing.
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Xu, Chunming, Lingqiang Kong, Yonghong Liao, Yuan Tian, Qi Wu, Haosi Liu, and Xiumin Wang. "Mini-Review: Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from Farm Animal-Associated Sources." Antibiotics 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111535.
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Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of gastro-intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in animals and humans. Due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics, recent years have seen a rapidly increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli globally; particularly, AR E. coli from farm animal-associated sources and its antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are becoming a global concern, with clinical negative effects on both human and animal health. The aim of this review was to explore the prevalence trends of AR E. coli from farm animals, waste treatment, and aquatic environments. The disinfection methods of AR E. coli and possible alternatives to antibiotics were also highlighted. The current review highlights that the prevalence of AR E. coli from food animals, products, and animal waste is increasing at an alarming rate, but is reduced at waste treatment plants. Ultraviolet (UV) treatment, surface plasma oxidation, and biochar are commonly used to effectively eliminate AR E. coli. Some probiotics, plant extracts, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are arousing interest as promising alternatives to antibiotics to fight against AR E. coli. The current review suggests that AR E. coli from farm animal-associated sources is prevalent and poses a serious global threat to public health. This review provides an avenue for further research, development, and application of novel strategies to minimize antibiotic resistance in E. coli of farm animal origin.