Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animal reproduction and breeding'
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Taylor, Eric Clayton. "Reproductive parameters of dorper ewes during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in south Texas." Thesis, Texas A&M University - Kingsville, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590222.
Full textThere have been many changes in the United States sheep industry over the years. Decreasing profitability of wool production has shifted the focus of many producers to strictly meat production. In south Texas, extreme high summer temperatures add an additional challenge in raising wool breeds of sheep. Hair sheep are gaining popularity in lamb-only production systems as they are more adapted to hot climates and eliminate shearing costs. The Dorper is the most popular breed of hair sheep throughout Texas due to superior lamb carcasses. Maximizing reproductive efficiency is critical for increasing the profitability of sheep production. Accelerated lambing systems can produce 3 lamb crops every two years versus 1 lamb crop per year. For this to be accomplished, ewes must be capable of breeding early post-partum and at all times of the year. We determined the reproductive characteristics of Dorper ewes. In the absence of a ram, Dorper ewes were anestrous from March until May. We observed considerable variation of ewes when both entering and ending anestrous. During the initial breeding season, 7-d CIDR® treated ewes, which conceived 1st service, had a significantly lower mean day of birthing (3.2 ± 2.1 d) compared to (10.1 ± 1.9 d) control ewes, resulting in a shorter lambing duration. During the seasonal anestrous period both CIDR® treated and control post-partum Dorper ewes were stimulated to ovulate while in the presence of the ram. However, during this time, 9-d CIDR® treatment significantly shortened both overall ram to lambing interval (152.8 ± 3.2d vs.165.7 ± 3.0 d) and first service ram to lambing interval (149.3 ± 1.3 d vs. 160.7 ± 1.5 d). Fall-born Dorper ewes with known birth dates had a mean age of puberty of 306.5 ± 4.9 d. Fall-born yearlings and spring-born ewe lambs were exposed to a ram during the first fall breeding season following their birth. While no difference was found in overall conception rate, fall-born yearlings had a significantly greater first service conception rate (83.3 %) compared to spring-born lambs (28.6 %). The findings of this study illustrate that Dorper ewes have the potential to be utilized in accelerated lambing systems in south Texas. By achieving a high conception rate post-partum simultaneous to the anestrous season, we were able to maintain an 8 mo lambing interval during the first two breeding season. We conclude that the reproductive attributes of the Dorper ewe makes them an excellent choice for sheep producers throughout South Texas.
Schmalz-Peixoto, Karin E. von. "Factors affecting breeding in captive Carnivora." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64687fe3-f6ca-4d9b-90d8-b6f1e565711a.
Full textReal, Garcia Enric. "Influence of predictable anthropogenic food subsides on seabird´s breeding investment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668552.
Full textLas recientes políticas en materia de prohibición de descartes y cierre de vertederos, supondrán una importante reducción de la disponibilidad de los recursos antropogénicos predecibles (PAFS) para las aves marinas. Para entender mejor las consecuencias ecológicas de esta reducción y proponer nuevos retos futuros, en esta tesis se revisa el conocimiento actual sobre las interacciones ecológicas que se dan entre las aves marinas y los descartes de la pesca. Por otra parte, también se evalúa cómo los PAFS y otros factores ambientales influyen en la inversión que las aves marinas hacen en la reproducción. Los resultados muestran que los principales vacíos de conocimiento en relación a las interacciones entre aves marinas y descartes, son los relacionados con la supervivencia, la dispersión, la reproducción, la resiliencia de las poblaciones frente a las perturbaciones y la especialización individual en el proceso de forrajeo. También se muestra que tanto los descartes de la pesca como la basura de los vertederos incrementan la inversión en la reproducción. Sin embargo, este efecto es menos marcado en los vertederos, probablemente debido a su menor calidad como recurso alimentario. También se ha observado que estos efectos pueden quedar enmascarados por procesos de densodependencia. La tesis también demuestra la importancia de considerar los factores socioeconómicos al evaluar la disponibilidad de los PAFS, dependiendo del área geográfica considerada. También se muestra que los PAFS pueden alterar la estocasticidad natural, incrementando la inversión en reproducción en especies generalistas, lo cual puede alterar la estructura de la comunidad. También se muestra cómo los factores ambientales que condicionan la detectabilidad y accesibilidad del alimento pueden jugar un papel muy importante en la inversión en la reproducción. Esto implica que el hecho de que el alimento sea abundante, no implica que esté disponible para los organismos. Finalmente, los resultados también sugieren que la influencia de la Oscilación del Atlántico Norte en la inversión en la reproducción de algunas aves marinas, se limita a los meses de invierno y se manifiesta en primavera en forma de efectos de tipo carry-over.
Duckworth, Janine Alma. "Studies of seasonality in red deer (Cervus elaphus) : with special emphasis on the reproductive physiology of red deer hinds." Lincoln University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2267.
Full textMercadante, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti. "Análise de um experimento de seleção para crescimento em bovinos nelore: respostas direta no peso ao sobreano e correlacionadas no tamanho e reprodução das matrizes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-12052003-135023/.
Full textData from a selection experiment, carried out AT Experimental Station of Sertãozinho, State of São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed in order to evaluate the direct response of yearling weight and the correlated responses of the size and reproduction traits of cows. The experiment started in 1978, with three lines of Nelore cattle, selection (NeS), traditional (NeT), both selected for greater yearling weight, and control (NeC), selected for mean yearling weight. The NeT line is different from the NeS one because sires from another herds were eventually introduced into the NeT line. Records of days to calving were analyzed separately for heifers, cows and cows and heifers with and without non-calver females. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) between the performance of females from the selection lines (NeS and NeT) and those from the control line (NeC). The heritabilities were between 0.02 and 0.06, and the higher estimates were from data sets including non-calver females. The repeated records of days to calving of cows and heifers with non-calvers, were too analyzed using a random regression model, with orthogonal polynomials (Legendre) of age in the breeding season (in years) as the independent covariable, to order to evaluate this trait longitudinally during the herd life of the females. The estimates of heritability increased from 0.08 to 0.28, from first up to 6 th breeding season. The selection for weight did not alter the average breeding value of cows from NeS and NeT, although the average genetic breeding values of cows declined throughout the years, and too longitudinally, with advancing age. Yearling weight of the animals born from 1978 to 1998, and the yearling hip height of females born from 1985 to 1998, were evaluated using an animal model, in order to obtain the genetic trends for the years 1981 to 1996. The averages for weight, height and body condition score at the start of the breeding season, days to calving and calving success of cows born in the last 4 years, were contrasted between the selected (NeS and NeT) and control lines. The genetic trends obtained after 16 years were 1.7±0.2; 2.3±0.2 and 0.1±0.1 kg/year for males and 1.9±0.2; 2.4±0.2 e 0.1±0.1 kg/year for females with respect to weight, and 0.25±0.03; 0.24±0.04 and 0.04±0.03 cm for females with respect to yearling height for the NeS, NeT and NeC lines, respectively. Heifers and cows from NeS and NeT were 19% and 15% heavier and 4% taller at the start of the breeding season than those from NeC. Significant differences (P<0.05) were not detected with respect to the reproductive performance between selected (NeS and NeT) and control females. The results indicated that the selection according to body weight gave high and consistent responses for weight and height both at the yearling and later ages, without compromised the reproductive performance of the cows.
Krebs, Elizabeth Ann. "Reproduction in the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis ibis) : the function of breeding plumes." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60507.
Full textMcLaren, Elizabeth B. 1962. "Clutch size in pigeon guillemots : an experimental manipulation and reproductive success in one and two egg clutches." Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1991, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9928.
Full textThe ability of the Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba to rear an additional chick was tested by manipulating clutch sizes. The effect of the manipulations on growth, and hatching, fledging, and egg success was measured in chicks from experimental, natural, and control nests. No significant differences were observed between the nest types. Data from 1983, 1984, 1985, and 1989 were analyzed for potential differences in reproductive success of one and two egg clutches. The ratio of one to two eggs was significantly higher in 1985 and 1989. Hatching and fledging success was significantly higher for two egg clutches in 1985 and 1989. No significant differences were observed for egg success. Egg volume was significantly greater in two egg clutches in 1983 and 1984. Egg volume was correlated with fledging but not with hatching success.
Persson, Ylva. "Breeding soundness evaluation of young beef bulls /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200718.pdf.
Full textVergamini, Marie. "Managing Sociality of a Captive Female Bornean Orangutan from Breeding to Post-partum at The Smithsonian's National Zoo." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5161.
Full textPeixoto, José Eduardo. "Aspectos comportamentais da Perdiz (Rhynchotus rufescens) em cativeiro durante a fase reprodutiva: um estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-02042003-163413/.
Full textThe species Rhynchotus rufescens, a native bird of Brazil, popularly denominated partridge or pellet, has been showing easy adaptation to captivity and a great potential to be explored zootechnically, with the possibility of the use of its meat as an alternative source of proteins, since the meat of wild animals is a nourishment alternative in many countries, including developed ones. The breeding of partridges in a rational way could increase the options of Brazilian avilculture and the alternative production of animal protein. The present work identified the daily rhythms of activities of the partridge and its scheme of temporary allocation in a situation of captivity. The knowledge of these data is of fundamental importance for the alimentary and reproductive handling of these animals. Data related to each lot were collected through twelve uninterrupted hours of filming, from dawn to dusk, for three consecutive days, totalizing thirty-six hours of work. The material resultant from the filmings was observed in order to obtain the series of data used for the temporary analyses, having the system of temporary sampling (time sampling) been used for the observation of the behaviour of the birds. In this work, it was determined some standard behaviour of partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens), under the proposed conditions. The rhythms associated with the activities and their temporary distribution were quantified and appraised. It was shown how the structural organization of their behaviour take place. More complex subjects as space distribution, the use of physical and social space, with its agonistic and dominance interactions were approached, and they indicated problems of well being which probably interfered in the reproductive efficiency of these animals in captivity. Future works should be aware of and pay attention to these subjects. The investigation of a system of effective copulation is considered fundamental to obtain success in the breeding of this species, leading, then, to its consequent selection. Nevertheless, it is essential that limits based on behavioural indexes of the species be established, which will avoid incurring in the mistakes that are now clear in relation to specialized birds for slaughter and posture.
Ash, Hayley. "Assessing the welfare of laboratory-housed marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) : effects of breeding and infant rearing background." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21794.
Full textNyström, Per-Erik. "Quantitative trait loci in pig production /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5712-2.pdf.
Full textAnderson, Greg Muir. "Role of thyroid hormones in the neuroendocrine control of seasonal reproduction in red deer hinds." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2139.
Full textMartin, Meghan S. "The Role of Mate Preference and Personality on Reproductive Performance in an Ex-Situ Conservation Breeding Program for the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2096.
Full textHolm, Dietmar Erik. "The economic effects of an oestrus synchronisation protocol using prostaglandin and reproductive tract scoring in beef heifers in South Africa." Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05042007-162414/.
Full textGates, Peter J. "Analyzing categorical traits in domestic animal data collected in the field /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5473-5.pdf.
Full textGocek, Cagri. "Breeding Success And Reproductive Behavior In A White Stork ( Ciconia Ciconia) Colony In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607791/index.pdf.
Full textChan, Tin-Yam. "The role of male competition and female choice in the mating success of a Lek-breeding Southern African Cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus Philander (Pisces: Cichlidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002049.
Full textKluska, Sabrina. "Análise de características reprodutivas, tratadas como variáveis categóricas, em bovinos da raça Nelore." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2477.
Full textO presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos, em uma população de bovinos da raça Nelore, para as características probabilidade de parto até os 39 meses de idade (PC39), probabilidade de permanência no rebanho (stayability), considerando três partos até 5,2 (STAY5,2) e três partos até 6,2 anos (STAY6,2), e os quatro primeiros intervalos entre partos (IEP1, IEP2, IEP3 e IEP4), tratando- as como variáveis categóricas, e para os perímetros escrotais à desmama (PED) e ao sobreano (PES), tratando-as como variáveis contínuas. Foram usados procedimentos bayesianos, em análises unicaracterística e bicaracterística, por meio dos programas THRGIBBS1F90 e GIBBS2F90. Os dados utilizados pertencem ao programa de melhoramento genético Geneplus - Embrapa. As herdabilidades para PC39, STAY5,2, STAY6,2 , PED e PES em análise unicaracterística foram 0,15, 0,20, 0,23, 0,28 e 0,36, respectivamente. Para o intervalo entre partos as estimativas de herdabilidade, obtidas em análise unicaracterística, para IEP1, IEP2, IEP3 e IEP4 foram 0,13 0,13, 0,12 e 0,17, respectivamente. Estes valores indicam que os ganhos por seleção direta em quaisquer um dos intervalos seriam pequenos.Na análise bicaracterística as herdabilidades para PC39 e PES foram 0,14 e 0,38,respectivamente. As estimativas obtidas foram de baixa magnitude, indicando que os ganhos por seleção direta em qualquer uma das características mensuradas nas fêmeas seriam baixos. Já o PED e PES apresentaram maiores valores de herdabilidades. A correlação entre PES e PC39 foi positiva e de baixa magnitude (0,25), sugerindo que a seleção para o aumento do PES de touros possivelmente levaria a pequenas mudanças na PC39. De modo geral as estimativas de herdabilidade para as características medidas nas fêmeas apresentaram baixos valores, enquanto que para as características medidas nos machos se apresentaram de moderada a baixa, de maneira semelhante à maioria dos estudos com estas características. Entretanto, o modelo de limiar foi capaz de detectar variância genética aditiva para as características em estudo, permitindo promover ganhos, embora pequenos, por seleção direta.
In the present study were obtained, in a population of Nellore cattle, estimates of genetic parameters for the characteristics probability of calving up to 39 months at age (PC39), stayability, considering three calving until 5.2 (STAY5,2) and trhee calving until 6.2 years old (STAY6,2), and the first four calving interval (CI1, CI2, CI3 and CI4), treated as categorical traits, and scrotal perimeter at weaning (EPD) and at 18 months of age (EPS), treated as continuos trait. Were used Baeysian procedures, in single and two trait analysis, by using THRGIBBS1F90 and GIBBS2F90 programs. Information from Nellore animals belonging to the Geneplus-Embrapa program was used. The heritabilities for PC39, STAY3,1, STAY3,2, EPD and EPS in single trait analysis were 0.14, 0.20, 0.23, 0.28 and 0.36, respectively. For the calving interval estimates heritabilities for CI1, CI2, CI3 and CI4 were 0.13, 0.13, 0.12 and 0.017, respectively. These values indicate that genetic gains by direct selection in any of the intervals would be very small. In the two trait analysis the heritabilities for PC39 and EPS were 0.15 and 0.38, respectively. The low values of estimates showed that small gains would be obtained by direct selection in any of traits measured in females. EPD and EPS had higher heritabilities. The correlation between EPS and PC39 was positive with low magnitude (0.25), suggesting that the selection for the increase of EPS of sires could possibly lead to small changes in the PC39. In general, estimates of heritability for traits measured in dams were low and for traits measured in males were moderate to low. This result is likely those reported in most studies with the same traits. However, the threshold model was able to detect additive genetic variance for the traits under study and can permit to promote gains, albeit small, by direct selection.
Urbani, Nicola. "Microsatellite DNA analysis of the mating system during the first breeding period of the female snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Brachyura, Majidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35838.
Full textSalin, Maurício Marchesi [UNESP]. "Procapri: Programa de gerenciamento de rebanhos caprinos - versão 2.0." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99603.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar a nova versão do PROCAPRI (Programa de controle produtivo e reprodutivo de caprinos). A primeira versão do software foi desenvolvida em 1994, pelo Departamento de Zootecnia da Unesp de Jaboticabal em parceria com o Pólo Computacional da mesma unidade universitária, com objetivo de auxiliar caprinocultores no controle zootécnico de seus rebanhos e coletar dados para pesquisas. Após 12 anos de existência, vários fatores contribuíram para que surgisse a necessidade de reformular o programa, dentre eles, a popularização de microcomputadores em propriedades rurais e os avanços tecnológicos ocorridos tanto na caprinocultura como na informática. Foi realizada uma detalhada avaliação da primeira versão do programa e uma pesquisa com usuários para estabelecimento das atualizações necessária ao sistema. A principal alteração ocorrida no PROCAPR I foi o desenvolvimento do sistema para operar em ambiente Windows~' utilizando a ferramenta de desenvolvimento Delphi 7.0~. Além disso a nova versão foi implementada com novas opções para gerenciamento dos rebanhos caprinos tais como controle de estoque de sêmen e para registrar resultados de diagnóstico de gestação, opção para alocação de animais dentro do rebanho, entre outros. Dessa maneira será possível manter o programa atualizado para que continue sendo útil para os caprinocultores gerenciarem seus criatórios, gerando dados para as pesquisas, ensino e extensão na universidade e fortalecendo a caprinocultura.
The goal of this research was presented the version of PROCAPRI (Software to Goat Productive and Reproductive Control). The First version of the software was developed in 1994 for the Animal Science department of Unesp Jaboticabal wíth a partner Computing Center of the same University. The objective was helped producers to management of goats and formed data set to research. Over 12 years of existence, many factors were contributed for the necessities to reformulation of the software include popularization of the computing in the farms and the goat production advances. It was realized an evaluation of PROCAPRI 1.0 and a research wíth users for establishment the updates. The principal modification was a system development to Windows ambient. The new version of PROCAPRI was completed with new options to management of goat production. These modifications wíll be important to maintain the software updated for the users, collecting dataset to research and consolidating the goat production.
Salin, Maurício Marchesi. "Procapri: Programa de gerenciamento de rebanhos caprinos - versão 2.0 /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99603.
Full textAbstract: The goal of this research was presented the version of PROCAPRI (Software to Goat Productive and Reproductive Control). The First version of the software was developed in 1994 for the Animal Science department of Unesp Jaboticabal wíth a partner Computing Center of the same University. The objective was helped producers to management of goats and formed data set to research. Over 12 years of existence, many factors were contributed for the necessities to reformulation of the software include popularization of the computing in the farms and the goat production advances. It was realized an evaluation of PROCAPRI 1.0 and a research wíth users for establishment the updates. The principal modification was a system development to Windows ambient. The new version of PROCAPRI was completed with new options to management of goat production. These modifications wíll be important to maintain the software updated for the users, collecting dataset to research and consolidating the goat production.
Orientador: Kleber Tomás de Resende
Coorientadora: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira
Banca: Atushi Sugohara
Banca: Silvio Doria de Almeida Ribeiro
Mestre
Lombardi, Giorgio Colombo. "Variation in breeding systems, floral morphology and nectar properties in three co-occurring Erica species with contrasting pollination syndromes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018567.
Full textBrumatti, Ricardo Carneiro. "Influência das técnicas reprodutivas e tipo de acasalamento em programas de seleção de gado de corte e seu impacto no custo e na produção de tourinhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-26022007-155756/.
Full textThe selection and production of bulls for the cattle market have both become the goal of many studies, as well as a great challenge for the segment, providing the constant search for performance improvement of that sort of animal. The target of this thesis is to simulate what may happen to the production of stud, in terms of quantity and effective operational costs, under the influence of the mating methods and the available reproduction biotechniques in the national market. The hypothesis under analysis consists of testing if mating matrices, classed by their genotype, their produce will be better than when compared to the produce of phenotype-classed matrices. 42 productive-scenes, divided into 21 genotype mating and 21 phenotype mating were simulated. In each of the scene divisions there were the following simulations: Natural Breeding, standard Artificial Insemination, Artificial Insemination with male-gendered semen, standard Embryo Transference, Embryo Transference with male-gendered semen, standard In-vitro Fecundation and In-vitro Fecundation with male-gendered semen, so that in all the cases, three different conception rates were tested. The results displayed that the mating system directly influenced the young bull production, once the genotype mating was more efficient than the phenotype mating. The conception rates negatively influenced the results of the phenotype mating mainly. There was a dramatic increase in the effective operational cost of the systems that used the reproductive biotechniques of Embryo Transference and In-vitro Fecundation, and, consequently, profitability reduction of those systems. The Natural Breeding simulations presented the highest Gross Margin, and the simulations of Artificial Insemination with male-gendered semen showed the highest Gross Profit.
Cortés, López Miguel Ángel. "Efecto de la PMSG en la sincronización del estro sobre el comportamiento reproductivo de ovejas de Pelo." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65512.
Full textEl presente estudio fue realizado en el rancho La Esperanza, localizado en San Pedro Limón, en el municipio de Tlatlaya, México; con el objetivo de evaluar la administración parenteral de 0 y 333 UI de gonadotropina de suero de yegua preñada (PMSG), en ovejas prímalas con sincronización del estro, 24 h antes del retiro de una esponja intravaginal conteniendo progestágenos (acetato de fluorogestona). Se utilizaron 28 ovejas prímalas Pelibuey blanco, con edad y peso promedio de 8 meses y 40 kg, respectivamente. Las ovejas fueron alimentadas en pastoreo rotacional, además del consumo de alimento balanceado (0.750 kg/cabeza/d) conteniendo 13.9% de PC y 2.6 Mcal g kg MS-1. El análisis de las variables, horas a inicio del estro, horas al estro y prolificidad, se realizó bajo un diseño completamente al azar, y la comparación de medias se realizó por medio de la prueba de Tukey. El porcentaje de estro y las tasas de gestación y partos se analizaron mediante ji-cuadrada. El porcentaje de estro fue de 100 % para ambos tratamientos, sin encontrar diferencia entre tratamientos. Los intervalos horas a la presentación de signos de estro y horas a estro fueron menores (P< 0.0001) en las ovejas que recibieron 333 UI de PMSG, con valores de 16.261 ± 7.27 h y 24.261 ± 7.27 h, respectivamente. La tasa de gestación y partos no fue afectada por los tratamientos. La prolificidad fue mayor (P< 0.01) en las ovejas que recibieron 333 UI de PMSG, en comparación a las ovejas que recibieron 0 UI de PMSG (1.667 vs. 1.000, respectivamente) En base a los resultados obtenidos se concluye que la inyección de 333 UI de PMSG, 24 h antes del retiro de la esponja intravaginal, en ovejas prímalas Pelibuey blanco, reduce el intervalo horas a estro y mejora la prolificidad.
Martínez, Paredes Eugenio Melchor. "Rearing programmes for breeding rabbits. Effect of early development and feeding on future reproductive performance of rabbit females and males." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/124969.
Full text[CAT] Qualsevol millora en el coneixement tant de la nutrició com del maneig dels futurs conills de criança ha de considerar-se com a prioritari en la producció de conills. No obstant açò, els principals esforços en investigació s'han centrat en aquests animals durant la fase de reproducció pròpiament dita. La hipòtesi inicial d'aquesta tesi va ser que aconseguir un desenvolupament primerenc adequat durant la gestació, lactància, engreix i criança, amb l'ajuda de programes ajustats d'alimentació en alguns d'aquests períodes, milloraria el rendiment reproductiu i la vida útil dels futurs conills reproductors. Per a avaluar aquesta hipòtesi, es van dur a terme dos tipus d'assajos, tant en conills femella de línies maternes, com en mascles de línies seleccionades per a la velocitat de creixement i destinades a la inseminació artificial. El primer d'aquests assajos es va centrar en els diferents patrons de creixement, des del naixement fins al final de la fase de criança, i la seua influència en la carrera reproductiva i la vida útil del conill. En el segon tipus de proves, es va avaluar l'efecte de l'ús de diferents dietes o programes d'alimentació durant el període de criança, en la productivitat a curt i mig termini. Els resultats obtinguts semblen indicar que podríem diferenciar dues fases en el desenvolupament primerenc, d'acord amb els seus efectes sobre el rendiment reproductiu i la vida útil. Mostrar un major desenvolupament corporal des del naixement fins als 63 dies de vida sembla tenir una influència positiva en el grau de maduresa i la productivitat al començament de la seua vida reproductiva, a més de poder millorar la seua supervivència a curt termini, però amb possibles efectes negatius en l'esperança de vida a llarg termini. No obstant açò, el desenvolupament durant el període de sembla tenir un major impacte en la productivitat i l'esperança de vida dels nostres futurs conills reproductors. Les femelles més greixades en la primera inseminació van tenir grandàries de ventrada més xicotets (tant nascuts com deslletats) i un major risc de ser sacrificades que les magres (P<0.05). A més, els mascles que van mostrar un major guany mitjà diari durant el període de criança van tenir un nombre i percentatge d'ejaculats viables més baixos al llarg de la seua vida productiva i major risc de mort o sacrifici. Aquests resultats podrien indicar que la clau per a dur a terme un desenvolupament adequat durant el període de criança hauria de basar-se tant a aconseguir que els conills aconseguisquen un grau de maduresa apropiat, per a afrontar els futurs desafiaments productius, com evitar un excessiu greixatge a l'inici de la seua vida productiva. En els assajos destinats a avaluar els programes d'alimentació durant la criança, l'ús d'una restricció alimentària en femelles, i especialment l'ús de dietes fibroses (de 8.5 a 10 MJ ED/kg MS) permeten un desenvolupament corporal gradual i adequat a l'edat de cobriment, amb suficients reserves corporals per a afrontar el començament de la vida reproductiva i millorant tant el seu rendiment reproductiu com la seua vida útil. L'èxit d'aquests programes d'alimentació de criança depèn del moment i la durada de l'aplicació d'aquests, millorant-se amb l'aplicació d'un canvi a un pinso enriquit energèticament al voltant del primer cobriment. En els mascles, es va observar que un programa d'alimentació durant la criança adequat hauria d'adaptar-se a la capacitat d'ingesta d'aquests i a les seues necessitats nutricionals en períodes concrets de la criança, aconseguint així millores en alguns paràmetres del semen a l'inici de la seua vida reproductiva. En conclusió, tant un desenvolupament primerenc adequat des de la gestació fins al començament de la seua vida reproductiva, com l'ús de programes adequats d'alimentació durant la criança podrien millorar significativament el rendiment reproductiu futur, així com l'esperança
[EN] Any improvement on the knowledge of both nutrition and management of the future rabbit breeders should be considered as crucial. However, main research efforts have been focused on animals during reproduction phase. The initial hypothesis of this thesis was that achieving an adequate early development during young rabbits' gestation, lactation, fattening and rearing, with the help of fitted feeding programmes in some of these periods, would be improved reproductive performance and lifespan of the future breeding rabbits. To evaluate this hypothesis, two types of trials, both in rabbit females from maternal lines selected for litter size at weaning and males from paternal lines selected for growth rate and intended on artificial insemination, were carried out. The first of these trials were mainly focused on the different growth patterns, from birth to the end of the rearing age, and their influence on rabbit's reproductive career and lifespan. In a second type of trials, the effect of the use of different diets or feeding programs during the rearing period in the performance in the short- medium-term was evaluated. The results obtained from the evaluation of the different growth patterns trials seem to indicate that, we could differentiate two parts on the early development according to their effects on reproductive performance and lifespan. To show a greater body development from birth to 63 days of life seems to have a positive influence on the maturity degree and productivity at the beginning of their reproductive life, as well as being able to improve their survival in the short-term, but it could be even negative for long-term lifespan. However, the development during the rearing period (from 63 days of life to the beginning of reproduction career) seems to have a higher impact on the productivity and lifespan of our rabbit breeders. Fatter rabbit females at first insemination had smaller litter sizes (born and weaned) and a higher risk of being culled (+13% per positive change in mm of perirenal fat) than lean ones (P<0.05). Also, rabbit males that showed a greater average daily gain during rearing period had a lower number and percentage of profitable ejaculates through it productive life (-10.1 and -4.9% per each 10 g of daily gain increase, respectively; P<0.05) and higher risk of death or culling (+16.2% per each increase in one standard deviation unit on live weight; P<0.05). These results could indicate that the key to carrying out an adequate development during the rearing period should allow the rabbits to reach an appropriate degree of physiological and reproductive maturity to face the future productive challenges, avoiding an excessive fatness at the beginning of their productive life. The use of a feeding restriction in rabbit females, and especially the use of fibrous diets (from 8.5 to 10 MJ DE/ kg DM) lead a gradual and adequate body development at mating, with enough body reserves to face the beginning of reproduction life and improving their whole reproductive performance and lifespan. The success of these rearing feeding programs depends in the moment and duration of application of them and improved with the application of a nutritional flushing around first mating. In rabbit males, it was observed that an adequate rearing feeding program should adapt it to the male's intake capacity and their nutritional requirements rearing period, especially to their high DP needs at the beginning of rearing period or when their requirements were close to maintenance, to improve some semen parameters at the beginning of their reproduction life. In conclusion, both the adequate early development of future rabbit breeders, from their own gestation to the beginning of their reproductive life, and the use of appropriate rearing feeding programs could significantly improve their future reproductive performance, as well as their life expectancy, both in rabbit females and males.
Martínez Paredes, EM. (2019). Rearing programmes for breeding rabbits. Effect of early development and feeding on future reproductive performance of rabbit females and males [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124969
TESIS
Varela, Susana Araújo Marreiro. "Animal decision-making for habitat and mates : the selection of breeding commodities through inadvertent social information and its consequences for the evolution of coloniality." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066668.
Full textBrand, Monica Merenza. "Reproduction criteria and meat quality of South African Black (Struthio Camelus var. Domesticus), Zimbabwean Blue (Struthio Camelus Australis) and South African Black X Zimbabwean Blue ostriches." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1714.
Full textThe aim of this study is to determine the effect of crossbreeding Zimbabwean Blue (ZB) and South African Black (SAB) ostriches on the morphological, physical, chemical and sensory quality of the meat. However, it is also necessary to determine the reproductive performance of these genotypes to scientifically support decisions made in the ostrich industry. In relation to reproductive traits and body measurements influencing these traits, results from the study suggested that ZB birds are between 9 and 15% heavier than their SAB contemporaries. Regarding SAB females, egg production was 47% higher, levels of shell deaths were lower, percentage of eggs not incubated was lower (P<0.01) and 84% more (P<0.01) chicks were produced in a season compared to their ZB contemporaries. Mates of SAB males produced a higher (P≤0.05) percentage of eggs not incubated and higher shell death percentages than the mates of ZB males. It has to be conceded that ZB females had a lower reproduction than SAB females, limiting the application of this genotype as a dam line in crossbreeding systems. With regard to morphological properties, the pure Blue genotype in comparison to the pure Black genotype differed significantly (P≤0.05), with 16 kg for live weight, 8.3 kg for carcass weight and 3.5 kg for leg weight. However, when comparing carcass yields (expressed as %) there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between genotypes. The M. gastrocnemius, M. femorotibialis accessorius, M. iliotibialis cranialis, M iliotibialis lateralis, M. iliofibularis and M. iliofemoralis showed significant genotype differences (P≤0.05) for individual muscle weight. When comparing the physical meat quality characteristics between the pure Blue genotype and the pure Black genotype, 70% of the muscles were higher (P≤0.05) in pH24, 50% of the muscles were redder (P≤0.05) and significantly less (P≤0.05) saturated in colour, 67% of the muscles had a lower (P≤0.05) percentage drip loss and 50% of the muscles had a lower (P≤0.05) percentage cooking loss. No significant (P>0.05) genotype differences were observed regarding the sensory quality of the meat. Regarding chemical meat quality characteristics, the percentage of moisture was higher and the percentage of lipid was lower for eight of the ten muscle groups from the pure Blue genotype. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between genotypes or between muscles regarding the percentage of protein present in the meat. The highest (P>0.05) content of soluble collagen, myoglobin and cholesterol was found in the Blue x Black genotype, whereas the lowest percentage of the latter constituents was found in the pure Blue genotype. For the pure Black genotype the concentration of saturated fatty acids in the meat was lower (P≤0.05), the concentrations of total unsaturated fatty acids and desirable fatty acids in the M. illiofibularis were the highest (P≤0.05), while the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids was also higher (P≤0.05) in both muscles of this genotype compared to the other two genotypes. Regarding both fat depots, the pure Black genotype had a lower (P≤0.05) concentration of saturated fatty acids, a higher (P≤0.05) concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids and a higher (P≤0.05) polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio. The percentage of desirable fatty acids in the abdominal fat depot was significantly higher (P≤0.05) for the pure Black and the Blue x Black genotype. In conclusion, crossbreeding between SAB and ZB ostriches seems to be a viable option to produce larger birds with more meat, without negatively affecting the overall quality of the meat.
Trudelle, Laurène. "Distribution et préférences d'habitats des baleines à bosse de l'hémisphère Sud en période de reproduction." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS038/document.
Full textOf key importance for the comprehension of humpback whales’ (Megaptera novaeangliae) distribution patterns and habitat use is to quantify how ecological and environmental factors affect the distribution of animals, which requires knowledge on dispersal movements of individuals. Using an opportunistic sightings dataset collected in the Sainte Marie Channel (Northeast of Madagascar) and satellite telemetry data acquired for this study (25 tagged whales), the aim of this thesis was to study the movements and the habitat use of humpback whales in Madagascar during the breeding season, according to sex and reproductive status. Physiographic and oceanographic variables (measured by satellite) were extracted under each position. A general distribution pattern of habitat use during the breeding season was also proposed based on additional humpback whales tracks from others breeding grounds of the Southern Hemisphere: Brazil (n=82 individuals), the Western Australian coast (n=26), and the Eastern Australian coast (n=11). In the Sainte-Marie Channel, groups without calves dominated the first 30 days of the breeding season, followed by an increase in groups with calves (Chapter III). Water depth influenced the distribution of social groups with mother-calf pairs more frequently found in relatively shallow water (0-20 m). Along the coast of Madagascar, over the shelf, females showed localized behavior in deep water and at large distances from shore suggesting that their breeding habitat extends beyond the shallow coastal waters (Chapter IV). Males’ active swimming speed decreased in shallow waters, but we found no influence of environmental parameters on males’ movements. In oceanic habitats, both males and females showed localized behaviors in shallow waters and high surface chlorophyll-a concentrations. The active swimming speed accounts for a large proportion of the whale observed speed while observed direction of tagged whales tending to be closer to the current direction when the current intensity was high. Our comparative study between breeding areas showed that the spatial distribution varies according to the period of the season, between the studied sites, sex and breeding status (Chapter V). Early and late in the season, males moved more directly and in more offshore areas than females, especially females with calves. At the peak of the season, both males and females performed more localized movements than at the other periods. Accounting for differences in the spatio-temporal variability of the distribution of males and females in the breeding grounds seems a necessity to better understand the humpback whales ecology and contribute to the species conservation
Monday, Jessica Dawn. "Evaluation of peripubertal replacement breeding animals in beef herds." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35530.
Full textDepartment of Clinical Sciences
Robert L. Larson
The selection of young replacement animals can have a significant impact on beef herd reproductive performance. Replacement heifers can be utilized to improve reproductive performance by replacing mature animals that failed to meet the production with young, cycling heifers that can have the potential of improving the reproductive momentum of a herd. The use of yearling bulls in natural breeding herds has the advantage of shortening the generational interval of the herd and has the potential of reducing the cost per cow exposed as additions to the bull battery. This thesis involves two studies that investigated methods used for the selection of peripubertal replacement animals in beef herds. The first study evaluated the ability of the novel Ready-Intermediate-Problem (RIP) replacement heifer evaluation matrix to classify heifers into groups that allow producers to select for replacements that meet production goals. Beef heifers (n=341) were classified according to the RIP matrix guidelines and then exposed to AI breeding, bull breeding, or a combination of both as per the management plans for each participating herd. Following breeding season the heifers were evaluated to determine pregnancy status, pregnancy status to single AI exposure, days bred, and the number of 21 day cycles needed during breeding season to become pregnant. After breeding season, 298 (87%) of the heifers were pregnant, 204 (68%) of which became pregnant in the first 21 days of the breeding season. Probability of overall pregnancy and pregnancy after single AI exposure was not significantly associated with RIP classification. There was a significant interaction in RIP classification by 21 day cycle. The second study was a retrospective study using BSE result data to determine the proportion of yearling beef bulls that are classified as satisfactory potential breeders when reevaluated after failing their initial breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) and to identify any predictive factors at initial BSE for satisfactory performance at revaluation. The study included 2,805 beef bulls between 11 and 14 months of age at first BSE evaluated at KABSU from 2006 to 2014. Generalized linear mixed models were created to assess potential associations among breed, age, and interaction between breed and age and passing the initial evaluation and identify predictive factors for risk of passing BSE after initial failure. The majority (93%) of the study bulls passed one of up to three BSEs. There was a significant interaction between age and breed of bull at initial BSE. Identification of suitable peripubertal replacement animals that will improve herd reproductive performance remains a challenge for producers. There are several factors that can affect replacement animals’ ability to perform according to expectations at the beginning of the breeding season. Classification of heifers into categories that can predict performance during breeding season with reasonable confidence can assist producers in identifying heifers that complement the reproductive performance goals of the herd. Utilizing BSE to identify bulls that have adequate semen quality as well as other traits important for breeding soundness is similarly important in reducing the risks of using young bulls for breeding.
Lagrange, Paméla. "Déterminants de la survie et de la dispersion de reproduction par une approche capture-marquage-recapture chez l'Hirondelle bicolore au Québec." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS077/document.
Full textIn North America, monoculture areas using high inputs of fertilizers and pesticides cover 85% of agricultural lands, and as many pastures disappeared in the past 20 years to satisfy human food needs. These land-use changes have deeply transformed landscapes and altered the biodiversity of agro-ecosystems. Among farmland birds, aerial insectivores such as Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, studied here show a high rate of decline in their abundance, partly reflecting the degradation of agro-ecosystems where they breed. Biological mechanisms leading to the decline and dispersal patterns in migratory passerines are still poorly known. The present work quantifies the environmental effects on Tree swallow individual traits (survival, reproductive success) and breeding dispersal (probability to disperse and occupation rates of breeding sites). Between 2004 and 2013, 2200 breeders and 8000 chicks were ringed and monitored during 10 breeding seasons on a study area composed of 40 sites and covering a mosaic of heterogeneous agricultural landscapes in southern Québec. The development of a new, flexible capture-mark-recapture model has reduced estimate bias of survival and dispersal probabilities of Tree swallows. This approach allowed to assess the effect of several variables linked to habitat quality, public information and individual characteristics on dispersal, survival and reproductive success parameters of individuals. Within intensively cultivated landscapes associated to the presence of a nest site competitor, the House sparrow, Passer domesticus, male survival is up to 19% lower. Females are affected by the cost of reproduction, especially in intensive landscapes where House sparrows and found and where food resources and nest site appear limited. Dispersal probability is not affected by environmental conditions either through the presence of House sparrows or habitat quality, and is restricted to 4% in males. Females, which disperse up to 14 times more than males, base their decision on their personal experience. Breeding failure increases up to 7 times the probability to disperse and for the first time in a short-lived species, I show that dispersal likelihood increases if the individual has dispersed in the previous year. These dispersal patterns are stable in time. Dispersal appears as a costly process compared to site fidelity and is a minority phenotype in the population. It appears an answer to unfavorable condition for reproduction. Finally, this work shows the use of public information (partners density, fledglings productivity the previous year) on the decision to settle on a site and this, after the dispersal decision has been initiated. The presence of House sparrows and the proportion of intensive areas near nestboxes are used as information to select a breeding site. Based on my findings, agricultural intensification likely plays a role in the decline of Tree swallow populations
Danchin, Étienne. "Rôle des facteurs comportementaux dans les mécanismes de régulation des populations d'oiseaux coloniaux : cas de la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066180.
Full textRécapet, Charlotte. "Keeping the balance ? : Management of oxidative stress, body mass and reproduction under energetic constraints by dispersing and philopatric collared flycatchers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10272/document.
Full textDispersal, i.e. individual movement between breeding sites, is a key process for metapopulation dynamics and gene flow. Its success can be modulated by phenotypic differences between dispersing and philopatric individuals, or dispersal syndromes. However, the environmental (external) and physiological (internal) constraints underlying such syndromes remain poorly known. This project aimed at clarifying the impact of environmental variation and oxidative constraints, linked to the reactive oxygen species produced during respiration, on phenotypes associated to dispersal in a passerine bird, the collared flycatcher Ficedulla albicollis. Energetic demand was experimentally (i) increased through a wing load manipulation or (ii) relieved through food supplementation. The oxidative balance of breeding flycatchers was influenced by complex interactions of dispersal status and extrinsic factors (breeding density, year, experimental treatments). Interestingly, antioxidant capacity was influenced both by permanent individual differences and by food availability, whereas measures of pro-oxidants were highly variables within individuals. Environmental variation and energetic constraints also modulated the differences in reproduction associated with dispersal: dispersing and philopatric birds differ in their management of the oxidative balance when it is competing with reproductive investment. This thesis highlights that reaction norms, rather than fixed differences, often shape traits associated to dispersal
Leon, Victor Enrique Gomez. "Biometria e mudanças morfológicas uterinas e ovarianas em fêmeas bovinas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5190.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Assessment criteria directly related to sexual ability of the female, should be used in routine practice of Brazilian cattle, allowing the evaluation of development and function of organs that controls reproduction. Within all reproductive organs, the uterus has essential roles in sexual reproductive animals, controlling luteal function, as well as interfering in the transport, capacitation of sperm, and initial embryo implantation and development, housing, nurturing and protecting the fetus until calving. Thus, at the first stage of the study, were analyzed ultrasound images of cross sections at first uterine region (uterine internal bifurcation, and horns, until the beginning of the greater curvature), at second uterine region (from the greater curvature until just before the tip of the horn) and at third region (the free end of the horn) of five sexually mature Holstein female cattle uterus, created and managed in Losing-House. In vivo and post mortem, animal reproductive organs, were measure with the purpose of verify the accuracy of the interpretation and measures of uterine biometry (diameter and endometrial thickness of the uterine horns), standardizing the methodology. Quantitative data were analyzed by ANOVA and the means compared by Tukey test or Duncan test or by the nonparametric analysis with Kruskal Wallis test or Wilcoxon test. It was considered the probability of 5 % error in all analyzes. There was no difference between the values of the uterine biometry for measurements in animals in vivo and in reproductive organs post mortem (P>0.05). Mean values for measurements in vivo animals, at first region, for left uterine horn diameter (21.0±2.6 mm), left horn endometrial thickness (10.4±4.9 mm), right uterine horn diameter (22.9±2.8mm), and right horn endometrial thickness (10.8±5.2 mm) were similar to values obtained in the other two regions (P>0,05). The values obtained demonstrate the technique's efficiency and high accuracy measuring uterine biometry from ultrasound images. The technique shown to be easily to perform. Thereafter, changes in the uterine biometry of 38 Holstein heifers, created in Tie-Stall, in the pre-puberty, puberty and sexual maturity were studied and evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography technique, every two weeks for a period of two months. The animals were divided into classes at every 3 months old, in order to encompass the reproductive events during the growth of the animals. At first class the Holstein heifers showed asynchronic growth, being found positive correlations in weight and height, and negative between weight and evaluated sexual characteristics. The heifers reached puberty between 12 and 15 months of age, fact that maximized the development of the uterine horns, endometrial thickness, and reproductive function at subsequent class. In the last experimental stage, uterine biometry changes at the estrous cycle of heifers 172 pubertal-induced and 90 single adult Nellore cows, raised in extensive managements, were studied under different protocols of Fixed- Time Artificial Insemination and the day of FTAI was aspirated the oocyte from the dominant follicle of every female. Afterwards the animals were submitted to natural mating. The artificial insemination protocols showed satisfactory values for induction of puberty and pregnancy in pre-pubertal heifers (68 %), and efficient for single adult Nellore cows (98 %). FTAI protocols can induce uterine changes reported in the literature, within the phases of the estrous cycle (under progesterone concentrations the endometrium has a glandular epithelium thickened, branched, folded and increased secretion of the glands (Producing ultrasound endometrial images thinner and increased echogenicity). However, it has not been proven protocols effect in pregnant rates, follicular growth rate and oocyte quality.
Critérios de avaliação diretamente relacionados à capacidade sexual da fêmea devem ser utilizados na prática de rotina da pecuária, permitindo avaliar o desenvolvimento e a função dos órgãos que controlam a reprodução. Dentre os órgãos genitais, o útero tem funções essenciais na reprodução sexual dos animais, controlando a função luteal, além de interferir no transporte e capacitação dos espermatozoides, como também na implantação e desenvolvimento inicial do embrião; alojamento, nutrição e proteção do feto até o final da gestação. Dessa forma, na primeira etapa deste estudo foram analisadas imagens ultrassonográficas de cortes transversais do útero. Na primeira região uterina (da bifurcação interna dos cornos uterinos até o início da curvatura maior), na segunda região (a partir da curvatura maior até pouco antes do ápice do corno) e na terceira região (ápice da extremidade livre do corno) no útero de cinco fêmeas bovinas sexualmente maduras da raça Holandesa, criadas em manejo de Losing- House. As medidas foram obtidas no animal in vivo e no órgão genital post mortem, com a finalidade verificar a acurácia das interpretações e medidas da biometria uterina (espessura endometrial e diâmetro dos cornos uterinos). Todos os dados quantitativos foram analisados por ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey ou Duncan ou então pela análise não paramétrica com as médias comparadas pelo teste de Kruskall Wallis ou Wilcoxon. Considerou-se a probabilidade de 5 % de erro em todas as análises. Não houve diferença entre os valores da biometria uterina para os mensurações no animal in vivo e no órgão genital post mortem (P>0,05). Os valores médios para as mensurações no animal in vivo, na região um, para diâmetro do corno uterino esquerdo (21,0±2,6 mm), espessura endometrial do corno esquerdo (10,39±4,9 mm), diâmetro do corno uterino direito (22,9±2,8 mm), e espessura endometrial do corno direito (10,8±5,2 mm), se mostraram semelhantes aos valores obtidos nas outras duas regiões. A obtenção e correta interpretação de imagens transversais da primeira região do útero (início da bifurcação uterina até a curvatura maior) por meio da ultrassonografia transretal bovina, mostra-se uma metodologia com alta acurácia e eficiente para avaliar a biometria uterina (espessura e diâmetro dos cornos uterinos). Posteriormente, com ajuda da ultrassonografia foram estudados os desenvolvimentos ponderal e sexual de 38 fêmeas da raça Holandesa, criadas em Tie-Stall, nas fases de pré-puberdade, puberdade e maturidade sexual (nove a 20 meses de idade). As fêmeas foram avaliadas a cada quinze dias por um período de dois meses, sendo mensurados peso e altura, e as mudanças que aconteceram na biometria uterina por meio da ultrassonografia via transretal. Os animais foram divididos por classes com intervalos de 3 meses de idade, com a finalidade de abranger os eventos reprodutivos durante a fase de crescimento. As alturas dos animais da classe 3 e 4 foram semelhantes entre si (P>0,05) e maiores dos animais das classes 1 e 2 (P<0,05), apresentando alta correlação com o peso corporal (r= 0,8). O útero das novilhas apresentou diâmetros maiores do corno esquerdo nos animais das classes 3 e 4 (P<0,05). A espessura endometrial do corno direito foi maior em animais da classe 4 (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento ponderal e o sexual ocorrem de forma assincrônica nos animais mais jovens (9 -11 meses), sendo o ponderal mais acelerado; a puberdade de fêmeas da raça Holandesa nas condições tropicais se manifestam entre as faixas etárias de 12 a 15 meses de idade causando consequentemente retraso na maturidade sexual; uma vez atingida a puberdade o desenvolvimento ponderal e sexual é sincrônico e o aumento da espessura endometrial e diâmetro dos cornos uterinos se maximizam. Na ultima etapa experimental foram estudadas as alterações da biometria uterina nas fases do ciclo estral de 172 novilhas induzidas à puberdade e 90 vacas adultas solteiras da raça Nelore, criadas em regime extensivo, submetidas a diferentes protocolos de sincronização, aspirando o ovócito do folículo dominante no dia e horário correspondente à IATF. Posteriormente, os animais foram inseminados a cio detectado e submetidos ao manejo de monta natural. Os protocolos de inseminação artificial mostraram valores satisfatórios para indução de puberdade e gestação nos estros subsequentes em novilhas pré-púberes (68 %), e eficientes em vacas adultas solteiras da raça Nelore (98 %). Os protocolos de sincronização conseguiram induzir as mudanças uterinas relatadas na literatura, concluindo que no ciclo estral bovino, durante a fase folicular e sob o efeito do estrógeno, são obtidas imagens ultrassonográficas hipo-ecogênicas da camada endometrial com aumento da espessura da mesma com imagens anecogênicas do lume uterino em algumas ocasiões. Na fase luteal e sob a influência da progesterona, são obtidas imagens ultrassonográficas da camada endometrial hiper-ecogênicas e diminuição na espessura da mesma. O diâmetro dos cornos uterinos de novilhas nulíparas e vacas solteiras da raça Nelore, criadas em regime extensivo, mostraram-se próximos aos valores de referência (20 mm) preconizados para fêmeas maturas sexualmente, aptas à reprodução.
Ponchon, Aurore. "Comportements individuels et réponse des populations aux changements environnementaux : la mouette tridactyle comme modèle." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20235/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study individual behaviours linked to breeding habitat selection in a long-lived colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake, and to determine their importance in population responses to environmental changes occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. First, experimental approaches including GPS and satellite tracking of individuals allowed demonstrating that only failed breeders performed prospecting movements involving visits of other breeding areas. These movements were recorded from egg incubation to chick rearing at local spatial scales (<1 km) as well as large spatial scales (> 40km), in various environmental conditions. Then, a population dynamic model considering different dispersal strategies showed that contrarily to philopatry and random dispersal, personal and social information use by individuals favoured population persistence in the long-term. Finally, capture-recapture models highlighted indirect interactions between sampling designs of long-term surveys of marked individuals and behaviours linked to dispersal. These interactions can notably bias the estimation of demographic parameters such as annual survival rate. All our results demonstrate that breeding habitat selection and dispersal are complex but essential processes in the understanding of population functioning and they have to be considered in models predicting the dynamics, structure and persistence of populations in response to environmental changes
Prata, Marco Aurélio. "Índices econômicos de seleção para rebanhos Gir Leiteiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-05012017-141219/.
Full textMilk production traits in general are the most important trait in dairy cattle breeding program. Several studies have been conducted on Gir cattle involving the estimation of genetic parameters for milk production traits over last years, but small attention was given to udder health and reproductive traits. Selection indexes have been used around the world to select more profitable animals and to quantify the correlated response among all traits included in the breeding goal. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to develop a selection indexes for future use in the classification and selection of animals evaluated in a breeding program of Gir dairy cattle in Brazil. The estimate genetic parameters for 305d milk yield (MILK); fat yield (F), fat content (F%), protein yield (P), protein content (P%), lactation somatic cell score (LSCS), calving interval (CI) and age at first calving (AFC), were calculated using information on milk and reproduction traits provided by the Brazilian Association of Gir Dairy Breeders (ABCGIL). Dataset included records of 10,146 cows, daughters of 1,005 sires, who calved between 1989 and 2013, reared in 289 herds. The statistical analyses were carried out by an animal model, in bivariate analyses using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Seven different situations were created in the present study to define the breeding goals for Gir Dairy cattle (named GPI = Gir Performance Index). GPI-1; MILK + F + P, including the respective economic values (EV$) of traits; GPI-2: Milk + P + AFC + CI, including the respective economic values (EV$) for milk traits and zero for CI and AFC; GPI-3: M + P + AFC + CI, considering EV ($) for MILK, P, CI and zero for AFC. Based on possible expected responses obtained from previous indexes, different weighting factors were attributed to traits in GPI-4 to GPI-7. GPI-4: 0.20*MILK + 0.40*P - 0.30*AFC - 0.10*CI; GPI-5: 0.10*MILK + 0.50*P - 0.10*AFC - 0.30*CI; GPI-6: 0.10*MILK + 0.60*P - 0.10*AFC - 0.20*CI and GPI-7: 0.10*MILK + 0.30*P - 0.20*AFC - 0.40*CI. GPI-1, GPI-2, GPI-3 and GPI-4 provided higher genetic responses for MILK. Small differences on responses were observed for P across all indexes. Responses for CI decreased from GPI-1 to GPI-7, which could be favorable, however no differences among the economic selection response were observed, indicating that is possible include reproduction traits in the index without decrease the profit. These results suggest that the selection based only on the improvement of milk yield could lead to a decrease in reproduction performance. These results suggest that inclusion of MILK, P, CI and AFC traits in the breeding goals in the breeding program developed by ABCGIL could generate a balanced improvement of production and reproduction traits. However, is expected smal response to selection due to low heritability estimates for these traits.
Littlefield, Joanne. "Improved Horse Breeding: Equine Reproduction Research and Education." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622196.
Full textMatthews, Merran Lisa. "Breeding systems and pistil structure in the family proteaceae." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm441.pdf.
Full textMays, Nora Ann 1952. "Hormonal correlates of reproductive behavior in the cooperatively breeding Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277088.
Full textFowler, P. A. "Aspects of reproduction and heterothermy in seasonally breeding mammals." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377370.
Full textPatterson, Michael E. "Piping plover breeding biology and reproductive success on Assateague Island." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43276.
Full textMaster of Science
Thompson, Robin. "Statistical methods and applications to animal breeding." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30836.
Full textGilchrist, Jason Scott. "Reproduction and pup care in the communal breeding banded mongoose." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423945.
Full textRattiste, Kalev. "Life History of the Common Gull (Larus canus) : A Long-Term Individual-Based Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7350.
Full textSouza, Fransérgio Rocha de. "Perda de gestação e incidência de fêmeas repetidoras de estro em rebanho leiteiro mestiço." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13053.
Full textObjetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da categoria animal, estação do parto, estação da inseminação artificial (IA), ordem de lactação, número de inseminações prévias e dias em lactação (DEL) na IA sobre as perdas de gestação (PG) e a incidência de PG antes e após 60 dias da IA de fêmeas repetidoras de estro (FRE), bem como os efeitos da categoria animal, estação do parto, tipo de parto e ordem de lactação na incidência de FRE. Os dados do experimento 1 foram coletados de 462 gestações e partos de vacas leiteiras em lactação e de 118 gestações de novilhas, e do experimento 2 de 997 gestações e partos de vacas leiteiras em lactação e 371 gestações de novilhas. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia entre os dias 28 e 44 pós-IA e a confirmação entre 45 e 60 dias pós-IA. As taxas de PG antes do 60º dia e a incidência de FRE foram maiores em vacas leiteiras lactantes que em novilhas (11,90% vs. 3,4%; P=0,01 e 24,5% vs. 6,5%; P<0,001, respectivamente), e a perda após 60 dias não foi afetada pela categoria animal (P=0,58). A estação do parto afetou a perda antes do 60º dia (que foi maior na primavera/verão) e houve apenas uma tendência (P=0,078) em afetar a incidência de vacas RE, provavelmente devido à pior recuperação no pós-parto. Não houve relação entre estação da IA, ordem de lactação, número de inseminações prévias e DEL na inseminação e PG antes e depois do 60º dia em vacas leiteiras lactantes. O tipo de parto não afetou a incidência de FRE, porém, o efeito da ordem de lactação foi detectado. Até mesmo em vacas leiteiras mestiças a incidência de perda geral de gestação e de FRE foi alta e pode-se considerá-los como problemas reprodutivos que comprometem a eficiência reprodutiva.
Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias
Somerville, Alison Joan. "Advantages to late breeding in Ruddy ducks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25045.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Catry, Paulo X. "Ecology and behaviour of Great Skuas breeding on Foula (Shetland)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388551.
Full textAlarcón, Caballero Rocio Anali, Yllatopa Frank Bazalar, Velarde Bryan Fabricio Meneses, Basilio Isabel Ventura Soto, and Navarro Victor Enrique Urrutia. "Proyecto de aplicativo móvil EQUIVAPP." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656953.
Full textIn this paper, we will present the development of the prototype of the mobile application EQUIVAPP, which seeks to connect people working in the livestock and equine industry, thus facilitating communication with a portfolio of customers and specialized services in the sector, providing a high level of confidence by offering a variety of products valued and rated by the same users. In other words, to position ourselves within the customers as an application that helps them save time and losses by having a large number of potential partners with ratings that will ensure a premium quality of the services required. Likewise, all the services they want to access in the areas of reproduction, transport, sale of balanced or special feed and veterinary services will be present in the application. The development of this project is focused on putting an end to the high level of losses registered within the sector, since most of the contacts that many of the companies have are obtained through recommendations from neighbors or neighboring workers. Likewise, the implementation of technology in a rural sector is not a big problem, since most of the families dedicated to this sector have new generations that are up to date with the use of cell phones, computers, laptops and other technological devices.
Trabajo de investigación
(9788879), Nicholas Corbet. "Measuring reproductive traits in tropical beef cattle breeds: Implications for genetic evaluation." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Measuring_reproductive_traits_in_tropical_beef_cattle_breeds_Implications_for_genetic_evaluation/13407578.
Full text(9819326), Donald Menzies. "The use of Precision Livestock Management technologies to record reproductive efficiency in the northern Australian beef industry." Thesis, 2017. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_use_of_Precision_Livestock_Management_technologies_to_record_reproductive_efficiency_in_the_northern_Australian_beef_industry/13444376.
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