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1
Crawford, Kari L. "Organizational Compromise of Animal Protection and Welfare Laws." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1347565387.
2
Svärd, Per-Anders. "Problem Animals : A Critical Genealogy of Animal Cruelty and Animal Welfare in Swedish Politics 1844–1944." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-121356.
Abstract:
Despite growing academic interest in the human–animal relationship, little research has been directed toward the political regulation of animal treatment. Even less attention has been accorded to the emergence of the long dominant paradigm in this policy area, namely, the ideology of animal welfare. This book attempts to address this gap by chronicling the early history of animal politics in Sweden with the aim of producing a critical, deconstructive genealogy of animal cruelty and animal welfare. The study ranges from the first political debates about animal cruelty in 1844 to the institution of Sweden’s first comprehensive animal protection act in 1944. Taking a post-Marxist and psychoanalytically informed approach to discourse analysis, the study focuses on how the “problem” of animal cruelty was articulated in the parliamentary debates and government documents throughout the period: What was the problem of animal (mis)treatment represented to be? What kinds of animal (ab)use were rendered uncontroversial? What kind of affective investments and ideological fantasies underpinned these discursive constructions, and how did the problematizations change over time? The book contains six empirical chapters that deal with the most important legal revisions in the period as well as the parallel debates about animal experimentation and slaughter. Two major discursive regimes—an early “anti-cruelty regime” and a later “animal welfare regime”—are identified in the material, and the transition between them is theorized in terms of discursive antagonism and dislocation. Focusing on the conflict between competing discursive logics, the study charts a century of ideological struggles through which our modern attitudes toward animals were born. The book also offers a critical reinterpretation of the success story of animal welfare. Against the assumption that modern animal welfarism progressively grew out of the preceding anti-cruelty regime, the central claim of this book is that the “welfarist turn” that took place in the 1930s and 1940s also functioned to re-entrench society’s speciesist values and de-problematize the exploitation of animals for human purposes.
3
Munro, Lyle 1944. "Beasts abstract not : a sociology of animal protection." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7967.
4
White, Steven. "Standards and Standard-Setting for Companion and Farm Animal Protection in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367155.
Abstract:
This study examines standards and standard-setting for the protection of companion and farm animals. The well-being of companion and farm animals is dependent on the scope of standards applicable to their protection and the ways in which those standards are applied in practice. Despite the seriousness of harms inflicted on companion and, especially, farm animals every year, little scholarly attention has been paid to development of the standards governing their protection.
A case study approach, focussed on Queensland, is used to explore who exercises authority in the arena of animal protection regulation, how standard-setting processes work and how these relate to compliance monitoring and enforcement. This study explores these issues through a series of questions:
1. How are the purposes of the regulation of the protection of companion and farm animals framed?
2. What types of regulatory standards apply to the protection of companion and farm animals in Queensland?
3. What are the processes for development of these standards, and how have these evolved over time?
4. What consequences do the prevailing types of standards have for compliance monitoring and enforcement?
5. How are these standards applied in practice through compliance monitoring and enforcement processes?
6. What are the key differences in the regulatory standards for the protection of companion and farm animals and how might these differences be rationalised?
Insights from regulatory studies are used to interpret and explain regulatory objectives, standard-setting processes and, to the extent allowed by the data obtained in this study, compliance monitoring and enforcement. This study therefore provides a new field of practice – animal protection – for the application of established principles of regulatory analysis. This study makes a significant contribution to the discipline of animal law, still a comparatively new area of legal concern, by extending the predominantly doctrinal underpinnings of this field.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
5
Sanford, Brenton Joel. "Cross-protection and Potential Animal Reservoir of the Hepatitis E Virus." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77133.
Abstract:
HEV is an important public health concern due largely to water-borne outbreak. Recent research confirms individual cases of zoonotic transmission due to human exposure to contaminated animal meats. At least four recognized and two putative genotypes of mammalian HEV have been reported: genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. In addition to humans, strains of HEV have been genetically identified from pigs, chickens, rats, mongoose, deer, rabbits and fish. The current experimental vaccines are all based on a single strain of HEV, even though multiple genotypes of HEV are co-circulating in some countries and thus an individual may be exposed to more than one genotype. Therefore, it is important to know if prior infection with a genotype 3 swine HEV will confer protective immunity against subsequent exposure to genotypes 3 and 4 human and swine HEV. In the first study, specific-pathogen-free pigs were divided into 4 groups of 6 each. Pigs in the three treatment groups were each inoculated with a genotype 3 swine HEV, and 12 weeks later, challenged with the same genotype 3 swine HEV, a genotype 3 human HEV, and a genotype 4 human HEV, respectively. Sera from all pigs were tested for HEV RNA and IgG anti-HEV, and fecal samples were also tested for HEV RNA each week. The pigs inoculated with swine HEV became infected as evidenced by fecal virus shedding and viremia, and the majority of pigs also developed IgG anti-HEV prior to challenge at 12 weeks post-inoculation. After challenge, viremia and fecal virus shedding of challenge viruses were not detected, suggesting that prior infection with a genotype 3 swine HEV prevented pigs from developing viremia and fecal virus shedding after challenge with homologous and heterologous genotypes 3 and 4 HEV, respectively.
Immunogenic epitopes are located within the open reading frame 2 (ORF 2) capsid protein and recombinant ORF 2 antigens are capable of preventing HEV infection in non-human primates and chickens. In the second study we expressed and purified N-truncated ORF 2 antigens based on swine, rat, and avian HEV strains. Thirty pigs were randomly divided into groups of 6 pigs each and initially vaccinated with 200µg swine ORF 2 antigen, rat ORF 2 antigen, avian ORF 2 antigen, or PBS buffer (positive and negative control groups) and booster with the same vaccine 2 weeks later. At 4 wks, after confirming seroconversion to IgG anti-HEV antibody with ELISA, all groups except the negative control were challenged with swine genotype 3 HEV (administered intravenously). The protective and cross-protective abilities of these antigens were determined following swine genotype 3 challenge by evaluating both serum and fecal samples for HEV RNA using nested RT-PCR and IgG anti-HEV using ELISA. The results from these two studies have important implications for future development of an effective HEV vaccine.
As a part of our ongoing efforts to search for potential animal reservoirs for HEV, we tested goats from Virginia for evidence of HEV infection and showed that 16% (13/80) of goat sera from Virginia herds were positive for IgG anti-HEV. Importantly, we demonstrated that selected goat sera were capable of neutralizing HEV in cell culture. Subsequently, in an attempt to genetically identify the HEV-related agent from goats, we conducted a prospective study in a closed goat herd with known anti-HEV seropositivity and monitored a total of 11 kids from the time of birth until 14 weeks of age for evidence of HEV infection. Seroconversion to IgG anti-HEV was detected in 7 out of the 11 kids, although repeated attempts to detect HEV RNA by a broad-spectrum nested RT-PCR from the fecal and serum samples of the goats that had seroconverted were unsuccessful. In addition, we also attempted to experimentally infect laboratory goats with three well-characterized mammalian strains of HEV but with no success. The results indicate that a HEV-related agent is circulating and maintained in the goat population in Virginia and that the goat HEV is likely genetically very divergent from the known HEV strains.Ph. D.
6
O'Sullivan, Siobhan. "Animal Visibility and and Equality in Liberal Democratic States." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2441.
Abstract:
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Animal welfare legislation does not consistently protect all nonhuman animals against all harms under all circumstances. Through an analysis of current legislative arrangements and the origins of animal protection law, and an examination of popular attitudes towards animal cruelty, this study seeks to comment on the role of visibility in informing the level and type of state-sponsored interest protection an animal receives. It is argued that different types of animals enjoy different levels of visibility and that an animal’s level of visibility influences the extent to which the state is willing to intervene to protect the animal from harm. These findings are significant because the highly politicised nature of the lives of many nonhuman animals raises questions about the appropriateness of an animal welfare legislative regime which is at once biased and which also tends to favour those animals who are most readily visible. It is argued that the practice of regulating animal welfare by use of legislative instruments which are inconsistent is problematic from the perspective of liberal principles because liberalism places a heavy emphasis on the concept of equality. Similarly, the practice of preferential treatment for the most visible is not consistent with democratic values because it removes citizens from the process of establishing agreed-upon standards for animal protection. In conclusion, it is argued that because some animals have been effectively drawn into the liberal democratic political landscape, the principle of equitable treatment should be applied to the manner in which the state regulates animal use. Such an approach would mean that animal use would be regulated according to the same values that are applied to other areas of political society. It would also have the effect of establishing what the community views as the appropriate level of nonhuman animal interest protection, by challenging the existence of a double standard predicated on the principle of low visibility.
7
O'Sullivan, Siobhan. "Animal Visibility and and Equality in Liberal Democratic States." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2441.
Abstract:
Animal welfare legislation does not consistently protect all nonhuman animals against all harms under all circumstances. Through an analysis of current legislative arrangements and the origins of animal protection law, and an examination of popular attitudes towards animal cruelty, this study seeks to comment on the role of visibility in informing the level and type of state-sponsored interest protection an animal receives. It is argued that different types of animals enjoy different levels of visibility and that an animal’s level of visibility influences the extent to which the state is willing to intervene to protect the animal from harm. These findings are significant because the highly politicised nature of the lives of many nonhuman animals raises questions about the appropriateness of an animal welfare legislative regime which is at once biased and which also tends to favour those animals who are most readily visible. It is argued that the practice of regulating animal welfare by use of legislative instruments which are inconsistent is problematic from the perspective of liberal principles because liberalism places a heavy emphasis on the concept of equality. Similarly, the practice of preferential treatment for the most visible is not consistent with democratic values because it removes citizens from the process of establishing agreed-upon standards for animal protection. In conclusion, it is argued that because some animals have been effectively drawn into the liberal democratic political landscape, the principle of equitable treatment should be applied to the manner in which the state regulates animal use. Such an approach would mean that animal use would be regulated according to the same values that are applied to other areas of political society. It would also have the effect of establishing what the community views as the appropriate level of nonhuman animal interest protection, by challenging the existence of a double standard predicated on the principle of low visibility.
8
Hartwig, Wendy. "Legal status and protection of animals in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/515.
Abstract:
The animal welfare legislation that is discussed in this Dissertation is just a sample of the available legislation from the chosen foreign jurisdictions and South Africa. The chosen foreign jurisdictions were chosen as a lens to gain a needed perspective on South African animal welfare legislation. The legislation chosen for discussion falls within particular categories that are discussed fully in the later chapters.i Despite the fact that the animal rights and animal welfare movements are recorded to date back as far as 500B.C, the majority of jurisdictions throughout the world still consider animals to be property that can be bought, traded, hunted and after they are killed, their remains kept as trophies or souvenirs. Within these jurisdictions (which includes South Africa and the other four chosen foreign jurisdictions – Kenya, India, Switzerland and the United States of America) there is a demonstrated lack of proper enforcement of the animal welfare/animal anti-cruelty legislation, regulations and industry rules, which is made worse by the actions of uncaring, abusive and/or ignorant people. South Africa is no better or worse to the four chosen jurisdictions in that it has similar anti-cruelty/animal welfare legislation. The lack of proper enforcement of this animal welfare legislation in South Africa should be of great concern as many studies have indicated that there is a link between animal abuse/cruelty and ‘human’ abuse. The same studies also indicate that animal abusers are at a greater risk of becoming violent criminals or of committing a violent crime. For example, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has noted that most serial killers in the USA had a history of torturing, abusing and killing animals before they moved on to torturing, abusing and/or killing humans in their adult life. Needed changes to the animal welfare legislation and how people view animals should be made in South Africa to ensure that welfare of animals is protected. For example, the Government could educate people about animal welfare in order to overcome any ignorance that may be the cause of animal pain and abuse, as well as strengthening existing animal welfare legislation. The eradication of ignorance, as well as a necessary change in the current animal welfare legislation, will help to create a real change in how people view and treat i Chapter 5 and 6. [iii] animals. People will come to realise that animals exist in their own right and that they were not created to serve or to be exploited by man.
9
Chapouthier, Georges. "Essai de définition d'une ethique de l'homme vis-à-vis de l'animal." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO31010.
Abstract:
Nous avons tente, dans le present travail, de definir une ethique des rapports de l'homme vis-a-vis de l'animal, a la lumiere des connaissances d'aujourd'hui. L'analyse des rapports actuels de l'homme et de l'animal -- domestication, jeux sauvages, alimentation carnee. . . . --ainsi que l'analyse de ces rapports dans l'his- -toire et dans les grandes traditions religieuses ou philosophiques, nous ont amene a souligner une emergence progressive de la pensee favorable a l'animal. Un grand probleme restait cependant insoluble, celui pose par l'experimentation sur l'animal vivant, ou le bien-etre de l'homme et celui de l'animal paraissaient s'opposer. La definition du statut meme de l'homme a la lumiere des connaissances actuel- -les a permis d'aboutir a la ngation d'une coupure philosophique entre l'homme et les (autres) animaux et a la definition de deux finalites a notre espece : la scien- -ce et l'ethique. Nous avons defendu le primat de l'ethique sur la science, pres- qu'admis en ce qui concerne l'experimentation sur l'homme, et qui pourrait, avec profit, etre applique a l'animal. Il s'agit la d'une position philosophique zoophi- -le qui inclut (et depasse) la position traditionnelle humaniste. Cette position a trouve sa formulation la plus convaincante dans le mouvement en faveur des droits de l'animal, qui, simultanement, garantit des droits aux ani- -maux et tente de resoudre les conflits de droits entre especes, comme celui qui tou- -che a l'experimentation animale, par une approche pratique qui met en regard scien- -ce et ethiqueIn the present study, we have attempted to define, in the light of present-day knowledge, the ethics of the relationship of man towards animals. An analysis of the present relationship between man and animals -- domestication, savage games or meat diet-- as well as an analysis of this relationship throughout history and in the great religious or philosophical traditions, have led us to emphasize a gradual emergence of a way of thinking favourable to animals. However a major problem remai- -ned unsolved, the problem of experiments on living animals, in which the well-being of man and that of animals seemed to be completely opposed. The definition of the very status of man, in the light of present-day knowled- -ge, has led us to the negation of a philosophical gap between man and (other) ani- -mals and to the definition of two main finalities for our species : science and ethics. We have defended the primacy of ethics over science, almost accepted as re- -gards experiments on man, and which could be profitably applied to experiments on animals. Such a zoophilist philosophical stance includes (and goes beyond) the tra- -ditional humanist stance. This stance can be best expressed by the movement in favour of animal rights, which guarantees rights to animals and, at the same time, attempts to solve con- -flicts or rights between species-- such as the conflict concerning animal experi- -ments-- through a practical approach confronting science and ethics
10
Letourneau, Lyne. "Animal protection law in Great Britain : in search of the existing moral orthodoxy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602287.
Abstract:
Omnipresent in Western society, the idea of progress is commonly advanced in relation to the development of animal protection law in Great Britain. Essentially, it is argued that the law now recognises that animals are worthy of moral consideration in their own right, that is, that they count or matter morally. From the concept of "animal as object" to that of "animal as person", indeed, the history of Western philosophical thinking bears witness to a progressive acknowledgement of animals (or, at least, of some animals) as full members of the moral community, along with all human beings. However, as political theorist Robert Garner argues in his book Animals, Politics and Morality, public policy is never simply a product of moral principles. Rather, influenced by pressure groups, it is the result of a process based on negotiation and compromise. That being the case, in the present thesis, I ask whether Great Britain has truly been the scene of moral progress through the development of animal protection law and to what extent one may speak of moral progress at all in relation to this area of law. Is animal protection law in Great Britain moving away from the traditional moral position that animals are exclusively means to human ends, thereby granting moral standing and equal moral status to animals The answer to this question lies with identifying the philosophical conception of the relations between humans and animals which is expressed through the body of animal protection law in this country. For animals' moral status within the law ensues directly from it. In the first chapter, following the great influence the position plays in the contemporary debate over our moral treatment of animals, I use Tom Regan's theory of animal rights to assess whether animal protection law in Great Britain reflects a conception of human-animal relations that is consistent with a recognition that animals possess moral rights. In the second chapter, I defend the view that animal protection law in Great Britain does not reflect utilitarianism - a position that has been popularised in animal ethics by moral philosopher Peter Singer. In the third chapter, building on the distinctive features of animal protection law in Great Britain which have emerged from the analysis in Chapters I and II, I contend that the law reflects "group egoism" - a form of consequentialism which falls between ethical egoism and utilitarianism. To be sure, what comes forth as the dominant position underlying animal protection law in Great Britain is that human beings protect animals only to the extent to which benefit is provided to them in return, or, at the very least, to the extent that so doing does not impinge on their interests in animal use. Does this position represent any kind of moral progress In the context of changing human attitudes towards animals and the development of animal protection law, I argue that it does. However, this moral progress carries no recognition that animals are worthy of moral consideration in their own right, that is, that they count or matter morally. Far from doing away with the traditional position that animals are exclusively means to human ends, animal protection law in Great Britain fits in with this way of thinking and grants to animals an instrumental value only.
11
Brels, Sabine. "Le droit du bien-être animal dans le monde : évolution et universalisation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32964.
Abstract:
Le droit du bien-être animal s'universalise. En plus de présenter son évolution mondiale, cette thèse démontre l'existence de solides fondements au soutien d'une protection universelle du bien-être animal en droit international. Qu'est-ce que le droit du bien-être animal ? Domaine peu connu de la science juridique francophone, le droit du bien-être animal (de l'anglais "animal welfare law") concerne l'ensemble des prescriptions qui règlementent le traitement des animaux utilisés à diverses fins (production alimentaire et vestimentaire, expérimentation, divertissements, captivité, compagnie etc.). Au-delà des prescriptions visant à interdire certains actes de cruauté, elles visent généralement à promouvoir de meilleurs traitements envers les animaux. Mais les intérêts humains, d'ordre économique, scientifique, culturel ou traditionnel, constituent autant de limitations et d'exceptions à ces dispositions protectrices. En plus de présenter une vue d'ensemble du droit du bien-être animal dans le monde, cette étude permet d'en dégager les principales forces et faiblesses du point de vue de la protection des animaux. Dans une première partie, cette thèse met en lumière la progression croissante du droit du bien-être animal. Les premières lois interdisant la cruauté envers les animaux sont nées dans les pays anglo-saxons et européens au XIXe siècle, avant de s'étendre aux autres pays du monde au XXe siècle. À partir des années 1960 est apparu un nouveau modèle législatif visant explicitement le bien-être animal. Peu après sont nés les instruments européens à ce sujet. Ceux-ci visent désormais à réglementer l’élevage, le transport, l’abattage et l'expérimentation animale, afin de réduire les souffrances des animaux, désormais reconnus par l’Union européenne comme des "êtres sensibles" dont le bien-être doit être protégé. Dans une seconde partie, cette thèse permet d'établir que le bien-être animal est en train d'émerger comme un nouvel objectif international, voire universel, sur la scène mondiale. En ce sens, l'objectif de protéger le bien-être des animaux a été récemment intégré au sein des instruments internationaux, notamment dans les normes de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale au début des années 2000. Aujourd'hui, la protection du bien-être animal attire l'attention des plus importantes organisations mondiales, comme l'Organisation mondiale du commerce et même l'Organisation des Nations Unies. La protection du bien-être animal peut-elle être formellement reconnue par la Communauté des États et consacrée comme un nouvel impératif universel en droit international? L'utilisation du cadre théorique des sources formelles du droit international conduit aux résultats suivants : il existe un fond commun du droit du bien-être animal, dont peuvent être dégagés des principes généraux, qui représentent des fondements solides vers la consécration du bien-être animal comme impératif universel, notamment au sein d’une convention globale. Enfin, la conclusion principale souligne que le droit du bien-être animal demeure un droit faible quant à l’objectif protecteur visé. Actuellement, il permet moins le bien-être réel des animaux que l’atténuation de leurs souffrances. Mais en progressant vers une plus grande considération de leurs intérêts, le droit pourrait un jour véritablement protéger leur bien-être. Mots-clefs : bien-être animal ; droit animal ; droit comparé ; droit européen ; droit international ; principes généraux de droit ; conventions ; organisations internationales.Animal welfare law is globalizing. Beyond presenting its world-wide evolution, this thesis demonstrates the existence of legally strong foundations toward a universal protection of animal welfare in international law. What is animal welfare law? Mostly unknown in the legal science of French-speaking countries, animal welfare law concerns all the prescriptions which aim at reducing the poor welfare of the animals used for various ends (such as food and clothes production, experiments, entertainments, captivity, company etc.). Those prescriptions generally aim at condemning some acts of cruelty and promoting the good treatment of these animals. However, economic, scientific, cultural or traditional purposes pose often severe limitations or exceptions. This study presents the general content and outlines the main strengths and weaknesses of animal welfare law in the world. In a first part, this thesis brings to light the increasing progression of animal welfare law. First adopted by Anglo-Saxon and European countries in the XIXth century, anti-cruelty laws then spread to other countries in the XIXth century. From the 1960s onwards, a new model of legislation was born, explicitly concerning animal welfare. Right after appeared the European instruments on this subject, now regulating activities such as farming, transports, slaughter and experiments. They are aimed to reduce the suffering of the animals, recognized by the European Union as "sentient beings" deserving protection. In a second part, this thesis states that animal welfare is emerging as a new objective internationally, even universally, since the beginning of this XXIth century. In this sense, the objective of animal welfare protection has been integrated recently in international instruments, most notably in the standards of the World Organisation for Animal Health from early 2000'. Today, animal welfare is beginning to be addressed by the largest global organizations, such as the World Trade Organization and even the United Nations. Can the protection of animal welfare be formally recognized by the Community of States and enshrined in international law as a new universal imperative? Using the theoretical framework of the formal sources of international law lead to the following results: there is a common ground on animal welfare law, from which general principles can be identified, in order to allow the establishment of solid foundations towards the recognition of animal welfare protection as a new universal imperative for the Community of States, particularly in a global convention. Finally, the main conclusion underlines that animal welfare law is currently weak regarding its protective goal. Indeed, it aims less to truly protect the welfare of the animals, than to merely reduce their suffering. However, in progressing towards a better consideration of animals' interests, a real protection of animal welfare can become a future reality in the law. Key words: animal welfare; animal law; comparative law; European law; international law; general principles of law; conventions; international organizations.
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Monaghan, Rachel. "Motivated to use violence? : a case study of animal protection and women's suffrage groups." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428191.
13
Massari, Juliana Maria 1987. "Diferentes padrões de divisões de sexos para alojamento de suínos criados em sistema "wean to finish"." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257119.
Abstract:
Orientadores: Daniella Jorge de Moura, Douglas D'Alessandro SalgadoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de carne suína do mundo, e almeja sempre por avanços a fim de estabelecer-se e conquistar novos mercados consumidores. O "wean to finish" é um sistema de criação de suínos, na qual os animais permanecem em uma mesma instalação do desmame até a fase de abate. Ainda não existem muitos estudos que definam qual o melhor padrão de divisões de sexo para alojamento de suínos criados neste sistema visando o bem-estar e a produtividade. Assim, objetivou-se estudar o alojamento exclusivo de 26 machos suínos (T1), misto (T2), contendo 13 machos e 13 fêmeas, e o tratamento único de fêmeas (T3) para os quesitos de ganho de massa, variáveis comportamentais e ambientais. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado às análises estatísticas descritivas, exploratórias e confirmatórias (teste de Kruskall-Wallis), através do programa estatístico Minitab. Foram obtidas diferenças no ganho de massa entre as diferentes condições de alojamento ao longo das fases de criação. Os resultados analisados das variáveis comportamentais também indicaram diferenças entre os tratamentos. Já com relação às variáveis ambientais, não foram obtidas diferenças significativas
Abstract: Brazil is one of the largest pork producers in the world, and always craves advances in order to establish themselves and gain new consumer markets. The "wean to finish" is a system of pig farming, where animals remain in an installation phase from weaning to slaughter. There are not many studies that define what the best pattern of divisions sex for housing pigs created this system for the well - being and productivity. Thus, we aimed to study the exclusive property of 26 male pigs (T1) , mixed (T2) , containing 13 males and 13 females , and females only treatment (T3) for questions of mass gain , behavioral and environmental variables . Data analysis was used to descriptive, exploratory and confirmatory statistical analysis (Kruskal - Wallis test) , through the Minitab statistical program . Differences were obtained in mass gain between the different housing conditions throughout the stages of creation. Analyzed the results of the behavioral variables also indicated differences between treatments. In relation to environmental variables, no significant differences were obtained
Mestrado
Construções Rurais e Ambiencia
Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola
14
Lombard, Chereé. "Animal welfare and the law : towards legal regulation of the welfare of laboratory animals in South Africa / Chereé Lombard." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8718.
Abstract:
The current legal framework pertaining to animals does not sufficiently address the welfare of animals. The Animal Protection Act 71 of 1962 does not specifically regulate the welfare of animals contained in research laboratories. Animals utilized for experimental research purposes endure tremendous “unnecessary suffering” due to legislative inaptitude. Experimental animals suffer inherent abuses associated with experimental research because of the methods, procedures and processes relevant to the experiments. The most controversial method of experimental research is vivisection. The method of vivisection is not only invasive but also causes “unnecessary suffering” to animals. The non-inherent abuses animals suffer during confinement in a laboratory solely relates to uncontrolled and unregulated conduct of staff.
Continuing the application of the current legislative framework may also be detrimental to the health and well-being of humans. Animals are specifically utilized as objects of science in research laboratories. The data obtained from research experiments conducted on animals are for the benefit of humankind rather than the animals. Scientific research concluded that not only are invasive methods of research conducted on live animals generally regarded as useless but extrapolating data from animals to humans can also be misleading, unnecessary and dangerous. False results and questionable methodologies are some of the other problems that seem to require urgent attention. Ethically, neither human nor animal should be utilized at the expense of the other and therefore it would be reasonable to recommend that legislative reform takes place.
The human perception of animals in terms of the relationship we have with them is the reason why legislative inaptitude in terms of animal welfare exists. The current approach followed is the philosophy of Utilitarianism. Utilitarians believe that neither humans nor animals have rights but interests. Utilitarianism focuses on the permissibility of an act (the use of animals) by weighing the benefits of such an act to the costs suffered because of such act. If the benefits outweigh the costs suffered, the act is permissible. The application of Utilitarianism seems to be the crux of our legislative inaptitude. The human perception and view of animals must therefore be re-directed to develop a sufficient legal framework in terms of animal welfare. A solution offered is to apply an alternative interpretation to the concept of “dignity” (capabilities approach) and progressive realisation. In terms of this solution a species capabilities in terms of its value, capabilities and worth are considered. Inherent to its value, capabilities and worth, is its “dignity”. Once the alternative interpretation of “dignity” is acknowledged, the progressive realisation of its interests can be achieved.Thesis (LLM)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
15
Melhus, Åsa. "Haemophilus influenzae-induced acute otitis meida aspects of virulence and protection in an animal model /." Lund : Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Malmö General Hospital and the Dept. of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Lund University Hospital, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39676933.html.
16
Botreau, Raphaelle. "Evaluation multicritère du bien-être animal : exemple des vaches laitières en ferme." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0008.
Abstract:
Le respect du bien-être des animaux d'élevage fait l'objet d'attentes sociétales de plus en plus fortes. Dans ce contexte, le projet européen Welfare Quality® vise à construire un standard en matière d'évaluation et d'information sur le bien-être animal. Le bien-être est composé de plusieurs dimensions (santé, comportement, absence de stress. . . ) et son évaluation doit donc reposer sur un ensemble de mesures complémentaires. L'objet de la thèse est d'élaborer un modèle d'évaluation globale du bien-être des vaches laitières reflétant l'aspect multidimensionnel du bien-être. Notre modèle suit une approche multicritère. Il repose sur une structure séquentielle dans laquelle plusieurs critères sont construits puis agrégés afin d'obtenir une évaluation globale. Une fois identifiés les problèmes liés à la construction d'un modèle d'évaluation globale du bien-être animal, nous définissons un ensemble de 4 critères (Alimentation adaptée, Logement correct, Bonne santé et Comportement approprié ) et 12 sous-critères. Pour construire les sous-critères à partir des 44 mesures effectuées en ferme, nous proposons de les évaluer sur la même échelle d'utilité [0,100]. Les données brutes sont alors agrégées en utilisant des méthodes adaptées au nombre de mesures, à leur nature et à leur importance relative (sommes pondérées associées à une fonction d'utilité, méthode lexicographique. . . ). Les sous-critères composant un même critère sont ensuite agrégés en utilisant un méthode permettant de tenir compte du fait que certains sous-critères sont plus importants que d'autres, tout en limitant les compensations entre les sous-critères (intégrale de Choquet). Enfin, l'agrégation des critères pour former une évaluation globale utilise une méthode de comparaison à des profils prédéfinis délimitant quatre catégories de bien-être (correspondant à une problématique de tri ordonné). A chaque étape, le modèle d'évaluation est paramétré sur la base d'avis d'experts, ces experts étant des scientifiques ou des utilisateurs futurs du système d'évaluation. Le système d'évaluation du bien-être qui résultera du projet Welfare Quality® (en 2009) pourra être utilisé à plusieurs fins : étiquetage obligatoire européen, label bien-être , conseil aux éleveurs recherche (la capacité du modèle à pouvoir expliquer les résultats étant très utile dans ces deux derniers cas).
17
Magner, Elizabeth J. "TheRole of Collective Identity and Framing Processes in Advocacy Efforts to Implement Farm Animal Protection Policy:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107405.
Abstract:
Thesis advisor: Brian J. GareauThis study explores efforts by the farm animal protection movement to pass anti-CAFO (concentrated animal feeding operation) farm animal protection legislation in Massachusetts and Rhode Island from 2012 to 2015, aiming to understand why successful outcomes were limited, through the theoretical lenses of collective identities and collective action frames. CAFOs, the predominant source of food animals in the United States, rear animals in intensely confined conditions, which raises significant animal welfare concerns, and also exact serious damage on workers, the environment, public health, and rural communities. Given the animal cruelty inflicted by CAFOs, animal protection organizations have invested much time and effort into passing legislation to ban intensive confinement practices, yet have encountered significant challenges in doing so in some states. This thesis aims to help explain why and how some of these challenges arise, and how they might be avoided or overcome in future efforts. To this end, I describe the collective identities of Massachusetts and Rhode Island farmers and professional farm animal advocates, and analyze the ways that these collective identities interact with and inform framing strategies. I conclude that some elements of the farm animal advocate identity conflict with farmer collective identity, and, further, that consequent advocacy framing strategies at times significantly hinder attempts to pass farm animal protection legislation
18
Latouche, Karine. "La valorisation économique du bien-être animal : une application au cas du porc." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010052.
Abstract:
L'adoption des directives européennes imposant la prise en compte du bien-être des animaux dans les élevages pose la question de la valeur monétaire accordée à l'attribut " respect du bien-être animal " d'un produit. D'abord une présentation et une étude des directives considérées sont proposées ; la notion de bien-être animal est étudiée. Différents modèles micro-économiques sont alors proposés afin de mesurer la valeur du bien-être sur le marché par le biais de la méthode d'évaluation contingente. Une application visant à mesurer la valeur du bien-être des porcs est présentée. Une enquête menée auprès de 1000 consommateurs de porc permet d'établir une hiérarchie des attributs de la viande de porc : la sécurité alimentaire, le goût, le respect de l'environnement, le respect du bien-être des animaux. L'analyse économétrique des consentements à payer pour une viande de porc ayant bénéficié d'une amélioration des niveaux des quatre attributs considérés montre la cohérence des réponses fournies.
19
Cordeiro, Alexandra Ferreira da Silva. "Avaliação de problemas locomotores em frangos de corte utilizando diferentes metodologias de gait score." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256957.
Abstract:
Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar NaasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T16:50:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cordeiro_AlexandraFerreiradaSilva_M.pdf: 698775 bytes, checksum: 00cd96699cf75d7552399f75087669d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O Brasil é hoje um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de carne de frango no mundo, mas para continuar nessa posição é necessário respeitar o bem-estar animal e manter baixos custos de produção. Problemas locomotores impedem que a ave se movimente livremente e, com isso, acesse os equipamentos necessários a sua sobrevivência: comedouro e bebedouro, prejudicando seu bem- estar e sua produtividade. A hipótese dessa pesquisa é que frangos de corte produzidos em condições de estresse apresentam problemas locomotores. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar deficiências locomotoras em frangos de corte alojados em condições de estresse. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro a determinação da pressão plantar de aves de 28, 35, 42, e 49 dias, o qual foi realizado no Centro de Tecnologia da Universidade estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Essa medida foi determinada por sensores localizados sob uma esteira enquanto as aves caminhavam sobre ela, nesta ocasião também foi determinado o gait score dessas aves. As mais pesadas tiveram mais dificuldade de andar e tiveram maior valor de gait score. Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,05) no pico da força das patas direito e esquerdo para aves com gait score 0 e 1; entretanto, para frangos mais pesados com gait score 2 houve desbalanço severo no pico das forças entre as patas. A força total expressa em porcentagem do peso vivo aumentou com a idade como esperado, mostrando uma correlação positiva com o gait score para as aves selecionadas. A deficiência de locomoção foi automaticamente detectada devido ao movimento desigual, como seu peso não foi distribuído igualmente nas patas durante caminhada. O segundo experimento constou de observação visual no campo, em granjas da região de Campinas-SP, com determinação do gait score em aves de 28, 35, e 42 dias. Neste experimento o gait score foi avaliado por três metodologias, aves estimuladas a andar, aves sem estímulo para andar e em 10 aves ao acaso dentro do galpão. Não foram encontradas evidências de interação entre os fatores Metodologia e Idade. Há influencia significativa da Metodologia sobre a determinação do gait score. A metodologia de 10 aves ao acaso foi a que se apresentou menos confiável. Os resultados de gait score foram menores na metodologia com estímulo para as aves andar. Entretanto nas três avaliações realizadas e em todas as idades, os resultados de gait score foram piores que o aceitável, sendo que a maior freqüência para gait score 0 (padrão normal) encontrada nesta pesquisa foi de 50%. Estes resultados poderiam ser atribuídos as condições de estresse ambiental inapropriadas em que os frangos foram produzidos.
Abstract: Brazil is today one of the largest poultry meat producer and exporter of the world; however, in order to continue in this production level and quality it is needed to apply animal welfare principles maintaining the same production costs. Locomotors problems keep away the bird from moving freely and to access the needed equipments for its survival: feeder and drinker, reducing their welfare and productivity. The hypothesis of this research it is that Brazilian poultry production presents locomotors problems. The objective of this research was is to evaluate locomotors deficiencies in broiler chicken housed under stressful conditions. For that two experiment were done, the first was the determination of the feet pressure of broiler with the ages of 28, 35, 42 and 49 days. This first experiment was carried out at the Center for Technology, State University of Campinas, SP. The feet force measurement was determined by sensors over a mat while the birds walked over it, and at the same time the gait score was also determined. The heavier birds had more difficult in walking and presented higher gait score. No significant difference was found (p = 0.05) in the force peak of the right and left feet for the birds with gait score 0 and 1; however, older broilers with gait score 2 presented severe unbalance in the peak of force in both feet. The total force expressed as the percentage of the live weight increased with age as expected showing a positive correlation with the gait score of the tested broilers. The locomotion deficiency was automatic detected due to the unbalanced movement as the weight was not equally distributed in both legs during walking. The second experiment constituted of a visual observation in the field, in commercial broiler farms in the region of Campinas, SP, for determining the gait score of birds 28, 35 and 42 days old. In this trial the gait score was estimated in three ways, broilers stimulated to walking, birds without stimulus for walking and broilers chosen randomly inside the housing. No evidence of interaction between the factor Methodology and Age. Significant influence of Methodology over the determination of gait score was found. The methodology of chosen 10 bird at random was the one least reliable. The results of gait score were lower when using the methodology that stimulated the birds to waking. However, in the three evaluations and in all ages the results of gait score were worst than the acceptable, since the frequency of gait score 0 (normal pattern) found in this research was 50%. These results could be accredited to the inappropriate ambient harsh conditions the broilers were reared.
Mestrado
Construções Rurais e Ambiencia
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
20
Lu, Yarong 1971. "Pancreatic-specific insulin-like growth factor I gene deficiency on islet cell growth and protection." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111827.
Abstract:
The role of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in pancreatic islet cell growth and development has been debated in recent years. The dogma that IGF-I stimulates pancreatic islet growth has been challenged by combinational targeting of IGF or IGF-IR genes, as well as beta-cell-specific IGF-IR gene deficiency. In order to assess the physiological role of locally produced IGF-I, we have developed pancreatic-specific IGF-I gene deficiency (PID) by crossing Pdx1-Cre and IGF-I/loxP mice. PID mice were normal except for decreased blood glucose level and a 2.3-fold enlarged islet cell mass. When challenged with low doses of streptozotocin, control mice developed hyperglycemia after 6 days that was maintained at high levels for at least 2 months. In contrast, PID mice only exhibited marginal hyperglycemia after 12 days, maintained throughout the experiment. Furthermore, streptozotocin-induced beta-cell apoptosis (TUNEL assay) was significantly prevented in PID mice. PID mice also exhibited a delayed onset of type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet, accompanied by super enlarged pancreatic islets and preserved sensitivity to insulin. As the phenotype is unlikely a direct consequence of IGF-I deficiency, we used oligonucleotide DNA microarray to explore possible activation of pro-islet genes in PID mice, which revealed upregulation of multiple new members of the Reg family genes (Reg2, 3alpha and 3beta) in the pancreas. The results were subsequently confirmed by Northern blot and/or realtime PCR, which exhibited 2 to 8 fold increases in the level of their mRNAs. Moreover, these Reg family genes were also activated following streptozotocin-induced beta-cell damage and diabetes. Our results reveal a possible mechanism of islet growth and protection in PID mice, thus serving a potential strategy in combating diabetes.
21
Warnoh, Syahliza. "The exclusion of animal inventions from patent protection : issues of interpretation and application for a developing country - Malaysia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2891/.
Abstract:
Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 1994 allows its Signatories to exclude ‘animals’ from patent protection within national patent laws. While the exclusion of ‘animal varieties’ is contained in s13(1)(b) of the Malaysian Patents Act 1983, the meaning of the term which represents the exclusion, and, therefore, the excluded subject matter, is unclear. A question arises as to how the country should interpret the exclusionary provision in the context of the flexibility under Article 27.3(b). This thesis answers the question in the light of the growing demand for animal protein-based food from Malaysians, which proves difficult to meet from within existing production methods. Therefore, animal biotechnology has been identified by the Malaysian Government as a pertinent tool to reduce costly imports of livestock products. Underpinned by doctrinal approach, the thesis assesses two models of interpretation within the international patent law framework: the permissive and restrictive approaches. The former arises from narrowly construing the term ‘animal varieties’ under Article 53(b) of the European Patent Convention which results in permissively enabling patenting for animal inventions which would be excluded under a broad legislative construction arising from the interpretation of the term ‘invention’ under s2 of the Canadian Patent Act 1985. The implications of both approaches on the livestock industry are assessed so as to identify a suitable model which would promote the progression of the Malaysian animal biotechnology sector, and ultimately secure the supply of the livestock products for the population. Underpinned by the argument that patent protection is a pertinent factor in encouraging innovation and investment, this thesis argues that the permissive approach is the most practical approach for Malaysia to adopt for interpreting the exclusion of animal inventions under s13(1)(b). This thesis provides a test case for other developing countries which also exclude animal inventions within their national patent laws, and have a similar economic template to Malaysia, enabling them to appreciate how the exclusion can be construed in pursuing their economic priorities.
22
Wu, Pei-Han, and 吳錇涵. "The Theory and Practice of Animal Protection- An Observation of R.O.C. Animal Protection Law." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42335226006541578561.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
98
Although the concern animal's mercy exists in each culture, but truly occurs to the modern times animal protection subject and the animal protection movement the influence is starting from the Western Europe society in 18 to the 19th century period, gradually appears animal protection theories; In the complex many animal protection theorys, mainly may seize territory the discrimination greatly for the animal right theory, the animal welfare theory, and new welfarism theory. But the animal protection may include the wild animal and the non-wild animal, in this article for avoids discussing the scope oversized, will discuss the scope to be restricted in the non-wild animal, because of the literature reorganization analytic method, the observation animal protection theory source will get up, behind backgrounds and so on culture, religion, then the grasping animal protection theory content, and will have under respectively the different opinion situation in the animal right theory and the animal welfare theory, will attempt to clear the difference between animal protection theories. After had confirmed the animal protection theory’s background, and the thought and the content, then the observe point will places on the practice of the animal protection theory, no matter the animal protection theory is, perhaps in the impetus animal protection correlation method standard achievement, the animal right theory and the animal welfare theory both have the difficult position which they have to face. After has discussed the animal protection theory’s practice, this article places the center of gravity to the animal protection law, which truly effect the living situation of animals, but after we have our own animal protection law, many scholars thought this is when our country has not been short of that section of animal protection theory forms the process, i.e. our country is short of the animal protection the related history cultural context, also is short of the universal moral mutual recognition the relations to make to cause to so; Therefore, this article also can observe our country inherent animal protection tradition thought and the difference with West animal protection theory, after but also has the animal protection theory to spread to the influence which our country produces. Finally, by the legal system research technique, the penetration government announces the information and the related periodical observation, the animal protection method in our country's practice, the author try to propose repairs the law opinions and the suggestions.
23
Wu, Meng-Ying, and 吳孟穎. "Animals Need Democracy: An Institutionalist Analysis of Animal Protection in China." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a982ga.
Abstract:
碩士國立清華大學
社會學研究所
107
There is an upward trend in animal protection all over the world. The number of countries with animal protection laws has been growing since the 1990s, and especially in the 2000s. It depicts that more and more countries are concerned about animal protection. However, there are still many inter-country differences in animal protection laws and practices. This situation makes me curious and willing to investigate and identify the potential factors that influent the development of Animal Protection. So, I conducted quantitative analysis using Animal Protection Index (based on the definition published by World Animal Protection) as dependent variable, and democracy, rule of law, economy, animal protection laws, and the presence of Non-Governmental Organizations as the independent variables. I chose China which is a non-democratic regime as my research field. I used my interviews, experiences in NGOs, and information from reputable media as the sources of information for the qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis shows that democracy, rule of law, economy, animal protection laws, and Non-Governmental Organizations affect the development of animal protection. Economy and the development of animal protection represents the Environmental Kuznets Curve. It presents a country will harm the development of animal protection during the economic growing, but the development of animal protection will become better after the economy reaches a turning point. In addition, when a country lays emphasis on the rule of law, the existing of animal protection law can function well. Furthermore, when a country is more democratic, the Non-Governmental Organizations can make better influences. The qualitative analysis also supports the results of the quantitative analysis. From political aspect, when it is difficult to reform the political regime, international pressure will be the essential element to affect the development of animal protection in China. Besides, it’s better to enforce the existing laws instead of making new one. From economic aspect, it seems optimistic that the growing of economy is helpful for the development of animal protection, but still needs the animal-exploitation based industries to be transformed. Since Xi Jin-Ping took power, it has become more difficult for Non-Governmental Organizations in China to have influence. Nevertheless, one can expect some cooperation between organizations and individual volunteers. In short, if animals could talk, they would urge for democratic.
24
Shiau-fen, Chiou, and 邱曉芬. "Animal Protection : Discussion on Peter Singer''s Animal Liberaion Ethics." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83473667161696594913.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
環境教育研究所
88
The purpose of this thesis is to introduce and discuss Peter Singer’s theory about animal liberation. Peter Singer is probably the most influential theorist in animal liberation movement, which is aimed at opposing the deprivation of animals. Singer’s theory is a philosophical defense for the radical animal liberation movement. He believes that some animals, like people, can suffer, and the avoidance of sufferings is a fundamental interest for a being. He uses the “equal consideration of interests” as a basic requirement for equality and the ultimate principle of ethics. He claims that neither the exclusion nor degrading of animal’s interests can be justified. In ethical considerations, the same degree of suffering (of different species) should be taken equally. Intensive animal farming and most animal experiments cause strong pains for the animals only to fulfill minor and trivial interests for human beings. Therefore, intensive animal farming and animal experiments violate an ethical principle, which is the equal consideration of interests. Regarding the value of lives, Singer takes a preference utilitarian approach. He claims that only the self-conscious beings have preferences and only those beings’ lives should be protected by the ethical principle. Those who are not self-conscious but can feel pains can be morally killed and replaced, providing the killing process is painless. (However, such painless meat production hardly exists.) Those who cannot feel pains have no moral standings. I also discussed the criticism to Singer’s theory, which can be classified into four types: (1) questions about the moral boundary, (2) questions about the equal consideration of interests, (3) questions about utilitarianism, and (4) fundamental questions about ethics. Hopefully, my introduction and discussion of Singer’s theory would provide some clarification in Taiwan’s environmental education regarding animal right. I also propose 5 examples where Singer''s ideas are used in education. Hopefully, these examples would show students the immorality of animal''s current situation and teach them to respect lives.
25
Yang, Teng-Kai, and 楊登凱. "Evolution of Animal Protection Legal system in Taiwan－Exploring the History of Controlling or Protecting Animal by Law." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86384975576167818544.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
99
Due to the legislation of animal protection law, the animal protection legal system had been formed in Taiwan, however, what is the background of the legislation? Was it pushed by Taiwan’s local social activities or other factors? The reason of the legislation is the answer I want to purchase. As time goes on, the way people treat animals changed, take western history for example, from regarding animals as property and treating them instrumentally to trying to treat them with humanity, we could see the change of human thoughts. After that, the idea of environmental protection had shown up, and made human to bear in mind the interest of whole environment then started to protect wild animals, finally the idea of animal protection had been formed. However, Taiwan is deeply affected by the culture of Han nationality, so was there any government rules about animals in the legal civilization of Han nationality? By observing those government rules about animals in traditional China, I try to find out the existence of the idea of animal protection. Taiwan had been governed by several different regimes, and what was the reason of those different regulations about animals had been formed? After the governance of Ching dynasty, the coming Japanese government brought Taiwan the new type of regulations － modern law, in that legal system, many laws are related to animals, each one of them had different legislative goals, and in that period of time, the laws about protecting wild animals started to be legislated. But after the legal system of R.O.C. started to be executed in Taiwan, the legislative gap appeared, even the R.O.C. government took lots of administrative measures to make up, it still hard to cover the slow and passive step of building the animal protection legal system.
26
Wang, Chia-Yu, and 王家玉. "The Construction about Animal Protection Act in Taiwan:The Perspective of Animal Welfare." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75078434223289479016.
Abstract:
碩士中原大學
財經法律研究所
104
The relationship between human being and animals are totally different since from the old days. In the past, people share the environment with animals because of living needs. They were a unity to live together and shared the same space. But the relationship becomes more complicated since the power of human being goes stronger and stronger. The crucial medical experience are rationalized nowadays because of the need of the progress of medicine and technology. We are not sharing the environment together with the animals anymore. It’s not only very much the “dog eats dog” world out there but also the merciless circumstance becomes worse and worse. Although the growth of human civilization is a enormous disaster to animals, there are small group of people start to think over what human commit to animals, and they have been working on animal’s protection job afterwards. In contemporary world, animal protection has become a significant issue among many countries. Given the data of laws on animal protection in recent two hundred years,it can be proved that the value of animal has been reexamined by human society. It is demonstrated that many professors from different fields such as lawyers, scientist, philosophers and veterinarians have been spending no effort for maintaining animal’s survival. It is obvious that there is some positive change for animal’s living condition, in this circumstance, a topic on how to change animal’s current severe fate radically has become vital and urgent. The policy of animal’s welfare has become a pivotal issue in recent decades, with the development of animal protection acts and deals in many countries. To step up with the globalization, also it is when the problem of stray dogs grew critical and International animal protection organization pushed hard that Taiwan published first Animal Protection Act in 1998, which means Taiwan become the 45th area that there are laws specially for domesticated animals welfare. Furthermore, the act has been amended for nine times until 2015. It is known that Taiwanese Animal Protection Act was enacted mainly based on the animal’s welfare policy. Therefore, this thesis is going to investigate the following issues: What change do nowadays animals confronted with? What areas can be modified in Taiwanese Animal Protection Act after its seventeen years’ growth? What can be modified on current policy and regulations of animal administration in Taiwan, so as to improve the welfare of animals effectively?
27
WANG, NIAN-TING, and 王念庭. "Co-sharing and Co-creating the Values of Animal Protection: An Exploration of the Management of Animal Protection Promotion Restaurants." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ute8pb.
Abstract:
碩士南華大學
應用社會學系教育社會學碩士班
106
In recent years, social enterprises becomes hot research topics and mean while animal protection movements are flourishing. This research is tended to explore the management of the restaurants who are promoting the animal protection. I try to answer the following question in my research: (1) What is the management strategies of the animal protection promotion restaurants? (2) How do you solve the conflicts between profit searching and animal protection delimma? (3)What are their significances and differences to other social enterprises? According to the research purpose, the researcher choose interview method and documents analysis as a way to collect information. Three animal protection promotion restaurants participated in the research. My research finding are these resturants owners are not only promoting their ideals of the animal protection but also searching for the ways to incorporating the ideas of comsummers. They establishes an environment for co-sharing and co-creating the animal protection values.
28
WU, WAN-HUA, and 吳琬華. "The Social Marketing Strategy Of Animal Protection Issues." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47987585851828664029.
29
Heikkila, Karina Elizabeth. "Could s 17 of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) represent a Derridean justice-based approach to animal protections?" Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/36758/.
Abstract:
Section 17(1) of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) (‘ACPA’) provides that ‘[a] person in charge of an animal owes a duty of care to it’. Until the Northern Territory adopted that same expression in its Animal Welfare Act, the ACPA was the only animal protection statute in Australia that suggested that a nonhuman animal is owed a duty. What is at stake in this thesis is the contrasting of that legal duty, posited to derive legal justice, with Derridean justice that demands that a duty is owed to other beings. This research addresses the question: could s 17 of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) represent a Derridean justice-based approach to animal protections? To address this question, this thesis develops a legal and contextual analysis of ACPA s 17. It also applies Derrida’s proposition of deconstructions to ferret-out how rationality, embedded in the metaphysics of presence, gets-to-work in law. The purpose is to test if ACPA s 17 delivers what it promises. This research examines whether ACPA s 17 provides any undoing of the Western inheritance, which through rationality justifies using, mistreating, and slaughtering nonhuman animals for human animal ends.
Within this research, ACPA s 17 is examined in context to the Western cultural trace that Derrida described as a ‘culture of sacrifice’. Derrida’s lens offers a unique perspective since he provided a different accounting of beingness. That is one that breaks down human-animal difference. It enables contrasting of Western conceptions of duties and rights that continue to rely on rationality as bases for ‘ethics’. The deconstructive approach highlights our Western modes of thinking and reasoning that reinstitute that violent culture of sacrifice. This research offers: a rich discussion of relevant Derridean propositions; a contrasting of Anglo-American and Continental perspectives of what is thought to be owed to nonhuman animals, a survey of neurosciences to ascertain if Derrida’s propositions of beingness remain credible, and various approaches to legal contextualisation of ACPA s 17.
The new knowledge developed in the research includes a rich legal characterisation of ACPA s 17. The research finds that, in contrast to existing commentary, ACPA s 17 is not an implementation of ‘negligence’, and neither could it be properly described as implementing a ‘guardianship’ model. It is a regulatory type offence that is constrained by many layers of anthropocentric law. Various problems that limit the effect of ACPA s 17 are highlighted. The research makes suggestions for law reform. The thesis finally brings together the traces gathered in the research, through a legal analysis, and a deconstructive reading, of a relevant appeal case. Unfortunately, ACPA s 17 does not institute a legal duty that is owed to nonhuman animals. Neither does it appear to be an opening toward Derridean justice.
30
Wang, Min-Ling, and 王敏玲. "Perspectives about Farm Animal Welfare of High School Students from an Animal Protection Club." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80118691290978301355.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
環境教育研究所
95
This study explored students’ attitudes toward animals and their perspectives about farm animal welfare through implementing teaching materials of ‘Farm Animals’, originally published by the RSPCA. The teaching materials were implemented in an animal protection club of a high school as an extracurricular activity. Thirty-three students participated in the club in the fall semester of 2006. A survey questionnaire was conducted to assess students’ attitudes toward animals before and after the six week 2-hour instruction. In addition to the survey, multiple sources of data, including classroom observations, students’ reflection papers, worksheet about farm-visit activities, interviews with students and the teacher, and e-mail contacts with the teacher, were analyzed to delineate the teacher’s reactions to the teaching materials and students’ attitudes toward the uses of animals and their perceptions of animal welfare. Qualitative data indicated that students generally accepted the ideas about farm animal welfare proposed by western countries, agreed to the views of farm animals are sentient animals--with capacity to feel and suffer. In interviews, most students stated that they have changed their attitudes toward farm animals after instruction; some of them expressed their willingness of reducing meat eating or would pay more for animal-friendly products as they had more concerns about animal suffering. However, several students were sensitive to this issue for their families’ farming background. They were aware of the dilemma caused by the cost of raising animals with better welfare. Analysis of survey data revealed that students became more committed to animal welfare and held more positive attitudes towards animal protection after the instruction (paired t-test = -6.02, p<.001). Apparently, the combination of observations, interviews, and questionnaires, was useful for examining changes in students’ attitudes and views after joining the club and for evaluating the effectiveness of the instruction. According to the results, researchers propose the following suggestions: 1. Relevant curriculum of farm animal welfare for high school students should be engaged. 2. Opportunities of classes of student clubs and outdoor activities for high school students are suggested for animal welfare education and environmental education in Taiwan.
31
Liu, Yun-Jung, and 劉韻容. "The legal framework of private animal shelters: a study on §14 Animal Protection Act." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tm9tn5.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
107
Because of the non-euthanasia policy which came into force on February 6th 2017, public animal shelters are now running out of space for accommodating animals. Therefore, the development of private animal shelters is necessary, which helps alleviate the problem of a lack of room public animal shelters are facing. The main social problems this master thesis aims to discuss are as follow: the lack of regulations on the species private animal shelters are allowed to take care of, the requirements for animal care facilities and care providers, the qualification of private animal shelter owners, the issues regarding land use, the financial problems confronted by private animal shelters, and the guarantee responsibility of the state for private animal shelters. Moreover, although the Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects is the most typical regulation on privatization, it is not suitable for private animal shelters due to the characteristics of the shelters themselves. Therefore, this master thesis aims to first introduce the legal framework and regulations of the U.S. to Taiwan. Then, the thesis aims to examine the current version of Taiwan’s Animal Protection Act and other related regulations at both the central and local level, and finally, to discover why Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects is unsuitable for the legal framework of private animal shelters. By carrying out the research mentioned above, this master thesis has concluded a number of legal suggestions for how a proper legal framework for private animal shelters can be built. Besides, based on the legal framework mentioned above, this master thesis would also like to legalize the private kennels.
32
Pei-Ying, Lin, and 林佩瑩. "The Effects of the Companion Animal Protection Education Program on Middle-grade Elementary School Students』 Animal protection knowledge, Attitude and Intention Behavior." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sf856d.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
環境教育研究所
96
The purposes of this research were to design a seven-week companion animal protection education program for elementary school students and to explore change in knowledge, attitudes and behavior purpose toward companion animal resulting after a companion animal education program. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. The subjects were sixty-three elementary school juniors drawn from Taipei municipal REN-AI elementary school. One of the classes which composed the population constituted experimental group (N=31), and the other constituted the control group (N=32). The instruments administered during pretest and posttest were the companion animal protection Scale. Independent Samples Test and Paired Samples Test are used wherever appropriate. We found that the experimental group’s mean score reflected more positive knowledge and attitudes toward animals than the control group’s, but no significant difference between behavior purpose mean.
33
Wang, Huey Lan, and 王惠蘭. "The Analysis of Integrated Marketing Communication Degree for Animal Protection Association－The Cases Study of Taichung Universal Animal Protection Association and Animal Benefits Association of Republic of China." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79148616130973232125.
Abstract:
碩士義守大學
管理科學研究所
91
ABSTRACT The problem of the stray dogs in Taiwan can be reasonably dated from the year of 1986. But we still have a large number of stray animals today. People who possess rich philanthropy and humanism strive for the existence right of animals, and then set up the animals’ protection association. However the animals’ protection association works very hard because they lack the money, resources and marketing knowledge to expand their practice smoothly. The past literature found that the integrated marketing communication process could promote the performance of business operation. The purpose of our study is to apply the philosophy and concept of the integrated marketing communication to the animals’ protection association and to increases their operational performance. Based on the name list of the social groups, we selected a team of the representative associations for our interview sample. After their completing and returning the enclosed questionnaires, we executed the deep interviews and obtained the information about their marketing activities. Retrieving the result of the questionnaires, we measured the degree of the integrated marketing communication and analyzed the marketing activities performance of the animals’ protection association. The results show that: 1.The animals’ protection association lacks the ability to cope with database analysis. 2.The animals’ protection association can’t accept the traditional marketing and commercial activities. 3.The animals’ protection association only utilize a small minority of media to communicate their message to the stateholder.. 4.They don’t understand the characteristics of the media. Key word: Integrated Marketing Communication, Animals’ Protection Association, Stray Animals
34
Li-ChiehHuang and 黃俐潔. "Analyzing Animal Protection by means of the Criminal Law." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z3p66g.
Abstract:
碩士國立成功大學
法律學系
106
Initially, when the Animal Protection Act of Taiwan was enacted in 1998, the nature of the punishment of animal abuse was administrative penalties. After amendment in 2007, abusing behaviours cruelty to animals were criminalized and the party would be punished criminal responsibilities. However, the criminal law can be seen as law of protection for legal interests. The act of punishment must exist for the purpose of infringing on one’s interests. If animal protection is based on the animals themselves which need to be protected, then it is contrary to the theory of legal interests. As a result, the purpose of this article is to investigate the legal interests of animal abuse and other behaviours, and to determine the rationality of using criminal law as means of animal protection. In order to understand the context of Taiwan’s protection of animals over the years, first of all, this article begins with an introduction to moral theories and theories of animal protection, and then explains how moral thinking can play a role in the legal system. And then discusses the basis of punishing acts such as animal abuse and the goal of protecting legal interests. This article believes that protecting animals by law is not a direct protection of morality. Protecting animals is an emotion produced by human, but it is a consensus and a call from social cohesion. After the communication of emotions between people, this phenomenon became institutionalized and could be an emotional interest, while the protection method is implanted by criminal law. Finally, it is to conduct a review and inquiry on the object of protection, actus reus, and penalties targeted at the current Animal Protection Act of Taiwan. Although this article recognizes that criminal law can be used to protect animals, it is not the optimized way to increase penalties. It should still be accompanied by administrative controls and improve the status of animals in our country’s laws so that they can effectively improve the treatment of animals.
35
Shen, Fang-Yu, and 沈芳伃. "A Research on the Legal Interests of Animal Abuse in Animal Protection Act of Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kbjny2.
Abstract:
碩士中原大學
財經法律研究所
104
The thesis is to discuss the criminalisation of animal abuse and killing as a main point in Animal Protection Act of Taiwan. The protection of legal interests is the rule of punishment in criminal law. Without the infringement of legal interests, there would be no reason to take penalties. However in Penalty Section (Chapter VI) of Animal Protection Act, a jail term under one year will be imposed for direct hurt, injury or death of an animal. Animals are the object of torts that being violated, but they are not the part of the subject of rights and duties in legal domain of Taiwan. This condition in criminal law might result in offense of damage of property. Meanwhile, the pre-condition is that animals are what he/she belongs with. With the growth of social status for companion animals (i.e. pets) in Taiwan, we are getting more and more conscious of the treatment and caring for them. Human beings should be humanitarian to animals though people might be required to take advantage of them. As animal abuse is reported in the news, the society would be obviously in turmoil and mired in controversy. The Society seems to have mercy on killed animals, yet they are rarely protected in reality. To acquire the legal interest of animal maltreatment, the article will discuss: 1) The legal status of animals: To clarify the role of animals in the legal domain. 2) The contents of legal interests: What is the definition between the legislative process of Penalty in Animal Protection Act and in practice? 3) To refer to the legislation on animal protection in Japan and Germany, the paper is concluded according to the explanation of legal interests. 4) The criticism and discussion towards the regulation on animal protection in Taiwan. In the end, based on ‘the Legal Interests of Animal Abuse in Animal Protection Act of Taiwan’, the thesis sets human emotion as an explanation. The emotion, which contains legal interests, is not only the centre of that protection in criminal law, but the purpose of legal compliance towards humanitarianism.
36
Lin, Huan-Chun, and 林奐君. "Constructing issue network diagrams of animal protection in Taiwan: The case of the stray animal policy." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38w4br.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
103
In recent years, the concept of " animal protection" has attracted people in Taiwan, and thus compel the government to pay more attention to the animal protection related issues. Meanwhile, the concept of "issue network," which emphasizes stakeholders tending to build up a complex and opened issue-centered network relationships, is emerging in political science literature. However, there were few examples that combine the concept of animal protection and issue network in previous studies. Moreover, the existing literature lacks the discussion of the whole picture of the actors and their interaction linkages. Therefore, this study adopts both questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, and uses the UCINET software to depict the network diagrams of different actors in various animal protection policy issues. Second, the study explains the actors'' attitudes toward different issues and the strong/weak ties among those actors via image and discourse analysis. By examining, their discourses and claims, this research further understands the roles, resources, relationships, and core values of the actors. The main research findings are as follows. First, the respondents/interviewees share a common view on four policy issues, but have different opinions on another four issues. Second, from the perspective of policy issues network, network diagrams change with different policy issues. Third, the composition of the actors in an issue network is not stable. Executive authorities and some specific animal protection groups have more resources and impacts. The degree of centrality and the indicator of betweenness are high. Fourth, the actors from different categories not only play different roles in different policy issues, but also grasp different resources and concern about different issues. At last, throughout the main discussion of animal protection, it can be found that most people concern about the policy issue of source management. This indicates that "source management" reaches the highest consensus among the actors in the field of animal protection. Regarding this, the government should make good use of this advantage to set up a platform for communication and coordination to build more consensuses among the actors. In addition, this study expects the combination of animal protection and the issue network approach can help improve the existing studies.
37
Lin, Jia-Huei, and 林加惠. "《Please take me home》Animal Protection Issues in 3D Animation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42407316474510727875.
Abstract:
碩士國立東華大學
藝術與設計學系
103
In recent years, the subject of animal protection have become issues of concern. However, due to the changing times, The rise of the media propagation makes modern people easily under the influence of media trend, and the group effect between people by word of mouth brought up a short-term fashion population , The presence of the animal movie consequently generated a kind of fashion population--Raising trend. However, after the wave, These animals are due to become a burden of people's life or is no longer popular, Began to be transferred to another person or abandoned on the streets. Birth of the animation work of the《Please take me home》, Is the reflection on modern people are often influenced by the media trends and impulse buying. Then throw previous thing bought away because of another wave of popular. This purchasing behavior as the reincarnation of constantly happen to the people who love trendy. When this type of behavior reincarnation apply to animals will produce a lot of social problems. The creative use of 3D animation as performance mediums, Rebirth of main structure of the story concepts rethinking animal fashion events, and combine my experience of contact with abandoned animals. To create an animated short of inspiring. This paper will start with personal learning course to learn animation and Looking for creative inspiration from life experience. The first chapter contains the background motives, purposes and creative process framework. The second chapter literature review included Taiwan status, pet ownership and animal protection issues discussion and analysis of consumer culture and related works. The third chapter create animation methods and previously produced content, content creation concept, story outline, character and setting, as well as text, mirror script. The fourth chapter Narrative animation creation process including 3D model, texture mapping and frames, and other settings. The fifth chapter is the conclusion.
38
Chen, I.-Ling, and 陳奕伶. "A Comparative Case Study on Social Enterprises of Animal Protection." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65248203770532409823.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
行政管理學系碩士班
105
In recent years, there are more and more problems in Taiwan. However, the non-profit organizations and the government tried to solve this problem, but the effect is still limited. Therefore, this study will be the introduction of animal protection in the consumption mechanism, hoping to protect the social enterprises through animal management and management to enhance the interests of consumers. The method used in this research is the document analysis and in-depth interview. In this study, the animal social enterprises in Taiwan as study objects. Through that, it will provide recommendations for social enterprises.
39
Lai, Jaw-Wan, and 賴沼彣. "A Study of Animal Protection Issues Illustration on Role Reversal." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29218119720624021226.
Abstract:
碩士輔仁大學
應用美術學系碩士班
98
The event of animal abuse is frequently, in addition to the behavior of the animal abandons, but also much animal maltreatment by inhumane way on media event. In view of this, the study discussing this issue by "Role Reversal", escape the thinking from the anthropocentric to reasoning the feeling of animal, to achieve the target of animal protection, the " To speak for the Animals". The purpose of this study was to achieve three: 1.Discuss the thinking of the animal protection and find the problem of animal issue. 2. To assay the demand and meaning of the Role Reversal, and summarize its visual form of Visual Communication.3. Compare the difference of the illustration use of the technique by Role Reversal or not. This creation research through the information collection, and analyzes the art forms of domestic and foreign artists, to visit the groups of animal protection in Taiwan, "Animal Protection Association of the Republic of China"," Life Conservationist Association". According to the above-mentioned, this research to summarize in the following found: 1. The main animal problems are stray animals and animal abuse. Because the human without a concept to respect outside the human species. 2. The connotation of the Role Reversal is hoped to break the inherent values and impression. In other ways, looking something with empathetic or make a self-examination form different positions. In addition, it meaning of the mutual respect and understanding. 3. The Role Reversal is a representation of the Superrealism . This study concludes three expression means to "change the cognition of the original story","exchange, or contrast of the volume","the wrong order or function". Besides, the organism and not organism are exchange with human, so it have Humanized position and character, and appearing the characteristic of personification. 4. The illustration use of the technique by Role Reversal has the fun of "puzzle". Because the expression and messages is not clear, but it will be find the interest after to understand and internalizes. However, there is only one role in the picture; the concept of reversal is obscure. The process of writing this study, through the literature, to summarize the information of conservation and Role Reversal, using in creative concept, content, form, technique and creation, to enhance the work in to the depth. Hoping this creation research could be providing reference to the researchers and creators in the future.
40
Lu, Wen-Hsien, and 呂玟嫻. "Research on the Legal System of Animal Protection-Focus on the Protection of Dogs and Cats." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mz7zxr.
Abstract:
碩士中國文化大學
法律學系
107
Animals have the right to protect their rights. Animals are not "rights of rights" but only "legal status." In our view, animal protection is only a matter of progress with the times. Animals given by the state are "animal welfare", but once animals are When infringing on their rights, it is ridiculous that the animal is a party in the name of the lawsuit. There are claims that animals are "people", not property, and enjoy the same legal rights as human beings. Like children, they have the same status of behavior. Animals and people's interests must be considered equally. Animals have their own reasons. Rights and freedom from abuse, injury, and protection. Human beings must not arbitrarily deprive other species of life. Under the human-controlled animals, animals are alienated from the laws of nature because of "personal choices". Human beings should have emotional and moral responsibility for animals. What is really important is not the legal use of words or the definition of rights of animals, but also the "behavior" of humans to animals. From the provisions of the animal protection law in Taiwan to the present, and then look at other relevant measures (pet registration management measures, specific pet industry management measures, animal protection law implementation rules) and other provisions, "legislation is strict, law enforcement is wide", it seems that the law The norms are perfect, and some of the penalties are well-conceived, but they are often lack of people. They are only perfect measures for the implementation of animal protection. After the foundation of animal protection in Taiwan, the actual problem is the dilemma of administrative execution, resulting in insufficient staff. In the implementation of administrative efficiency is not good, and even make the regulations have the same text, Taiwan should examine the state of animal protection, the procedures or costs of animal sales, adoption, and then appoint civil organizations to enforce administrative orders or Reporting illegal acts can also be effective under the effective enforcement of civil society. In addition, animal protection education is also an important part. If you can instill the importance of protecting animals from a small age, you can be caring for pets or stray animals at home. For breeder dogs and cats, the number of pets registered, implanted wafers and sterilized should be implemented during the management of pets, pets and fosters, and the source control methods for pet registration and sterilization should be implemented, and strict inspection and legal punishment can be carried out in order to claim animals. The process and the supervision of the owner are done.
41
McEwan, Alexandra Broughton. "The concept of violence: a proposed framework for the study of animal protection law and policy." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112649.
Abstract:
This thesis provides a critical framework and a set of
methodological tools for analysing animal protection law and
policy issues. These tools support the generation of law reform
strategies that are responsive to the social and economic
conditions of the 21st century. The thesis adopts Australia’s
animal protection regime as a case example. Within this field of
legal discourse, animal protection is defined according to an
operative opposition between ‘animal cruelty’ and ‘animal
welfare’. While, as discrete concepts, animal cruelty and
animal welfare (hereafter cruelty-welfare) may be important and
useful, the cruelty-welfare opposition not only structures the
field, but underlies a classificatory dynamic by which the
relations of power that maintain the status quo are reproduced.
Such circumstances constitute what French sociologist and
anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu refers to as ‘symbolic
violence’. The recognition of these dynamics, and the apparent
intractability of the status quo, suggests that a new analytical
pathway is needed. It is against this background that the thesis
tests whether violence offers a useful alternative frame of
analysis.
The response to the thesis question is developed using a
cross-disciplinary method that combines legal analysis with
aspects of political philosophy and anthropological theory. It
develops and applies a method within a framework by which animal
protection law is understood in terms of symbolic violence. It
adopts Bourdieu’s method for the analysis of a ‘field’ and
his concept of ‘habitus’ and combines these methodological
tools with political philosopher Giorgio Agamben’s notion of
the anthropological machine. It also draws on Alan Norrie’s
arguments about legal individualism under the influence of
neoliberalism.
Australia’s animal protection regime is reconfigured as a
Bourdieusian field. The analysis of habitus is informed by a
notion of interdependence based on Agamben’s anthropological
machine. It is via this unique combination of Bourdieu’s
analytical tools and Agamben’s notion of the anthropological
machine, along with insights about legal individualism drawn from
Alan Norrie’s work, that the concept of violence is extended
beyond its use by other animal protection legal theorists. The
methodology supports the generation of law reform strategies and
provides fresh insights as to why effective law reform in the
area of animal protection law is so difficult.
The notion of the anthropological machine is used to reconfigure
the classificatory dynamics that take place at the human-animal
boundary, within animal protection as an area of criminal law. It
focuses on the necessity test that lies at the heart of the
offence of animal cruelty, and how the classificatory dynamics
that underlie the cruelty-welfare opposition have implications
not only for animal cruelty defendants but for other marginalised
participants within this field. It is in this vein that, in its
deployment of the concept of violence, the thesis situates the
interests of animals and humans within the animal protection
field as interdependent, rather than parallel, realms of inquiry.
Construing Agamben in this way facilitates the extension of
Bourdieu’s concept of field to the circumstances of animal use
in the 21st century.
The methodology outlined above is tested in three case studies,
presented as a triptych:
1. Whistleblowing in the interests of animal protection within
the pork industry;
2. A critique of Queensland’s new ‘serious animal cruelty’
offence; and
3. The potential and limits of law reform relating to animal use
industries in Australia, using the greyhound racing industry as a
case example.
42
Huang, Ching-zung, and 黃慶榮. "A Study of Donors to Animal Protection Organizations-- Based on the “You pay we feed” Project of the Animal Protection Association of the Republic of China." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6uz6wh.
Abstract:
碩士南華大學
非營利事業管理研究所
95
The Animal Protection Association of the Republic of China launched the “You pay we feed” fundraising drive in April of 2003. The campaign was designed for people who did not have the time and the place for adopting stray animals. This study was conducted from April 2003 to December 31, 2006. Out of 1,119 donation adopters, a 1/3 was obtained as random-digit samples using Excel. A total of 232 questionnaires were collected, or a 62.2% rate of recovery. Two invalid samples were obtained. The samples were analyzed using SPSS for Windows as statistical tool. The study shows that close to 80% of the respondents lived in urban areas. Of them, 86.96% were female and 11.30% were male. The biggest age bracket was 30-39 years old, consisting 53.48% of the total. Most had university education, with 51.3% of the total, followed by college graduates at 18.7%. In terms of marital status, 55.22% were single. Classified in terms of occupation, 44.35% were ordinary employees. In terms of family incomes, the biggest group, at 42.17%, had monthly incomes of NT$30,000 to 60,000. Classified in terms of religious belief, the biggest group was Buddhists, at 27.83%, followed by the mixed Buddhism-Taoism followers, at 25.22%. Although 80% of the respondents had no experiences as volunteers, 88.65% had the experience of giving a donation to charity. Among them, 50.43% had never donated to other animal protection group. Some 94.35% have kept a companion animal sometime in their life. Some 78.70% of the respondents had the experience of keeping stray animals. A high 91.3% were against the method of “euthanasia for all sheltered animals that cannot be given away.” For the method of “total euthanasia for sheltered animals that cannot be corrected of their eccentric behavior and for the sake of increasing cycle rate in the shelters,” 67.4% voice “disagreement.” Some 72.6% voiced “agreement”” to the practice of giving euthanasia to “seriously ill animals suffering from incurable diseases.” In contrast, 54.3% expressed “disagreement” with the method of “trying all possible means to save seriously ill animals and allowing them to die but never through euthanasia.” After multiple comparisons and analysis, we discovered that all respondents had no significant differences (p < 0.05) in their views on euthanasia. Results of the survey show that in making donations, respondents first considered such factors as the organization’s trustworthiness in the use of the funds, the organization’s clarity in the purpose of the fund and consistency with donor’s own goal, and service achievements of the organization in the past. However, owing to the association’s insufficient marketing capabilities, we could not attain the originally set fundraising goals. It is thus suggested that the association improve its service quality to increase rate of adoption, and moreover, to work on marketing channels and promotion, two areas emphasized by animal adopters.
43
Eadie, Edward Norman. "Legal protection of animals against suffering inflicted by humans : national, regional, and international." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151728.
44
KUNG, ZIH-YA, and 孔姿雅. "A Study of Public-Private Partnerships in Taiwan Animal Protection Education." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8zh6b2.
Abstract:
碩士逢甲大學
公共政策研究所
105
Once upon a time the government in promoting animal protection education the way more conservative which is different between non-profit organization’s concept, method and attitude therefore produce conflict. Along with the time changing relationships tend to be more peaceful, acknowledged the importance of cooperation between government and NGO. Therefore the commutation, and discussion happens more often. Public-Private Partnership, let company collaboration be a trend. Understand the way of the public and private sector to promote the protection of education in animal protection, and analyze the public-private interaction model of education, which is the purpose of this study. This study through reviewing Taiwan master's articles, journals and books, establish public-private cooperation. Theory in ‘’The Four C's of Government-Third Sector Relations’’, summed up and research framework, on the basis of: cooperation, confrontation, complementarity and co-optation, using in-depth interviews to understand the relationship between the government and the nonprofit organization. The Ideas still exist between the Government and NGO through study found the differences, to differ right and power, and so on questions, esteemed, and integrating the resources as the key factors of Public-Private Partnership ,collaboration, while the animal protection education still lacks law basis and the related standard, has developed a long-term cooperation between the Government and NGO(私) ,but the tacit understanding, along with NGO participation to ascend, the cooperation relations between the government and the national animal protection organizations and cooperation mode as the key. In view of the related research results, this study suggested that the government should increase communication with NGO. Using the resources for the nonprofit organization, and set out the animal protection education in insurance law, To prepare the animal protection education funds, in animal protection education hours and animal protection education should be brought into the curriculum. It is suggested that the NGO should take off the framework of government funding, avoid losing subjectivity, and construct an online platform for animal protection of education resources.
45
CHEN, YING-CHUN, and 陳盈均. "A Research of Animal Protection Issues illustration in an Expressionist Style." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36635201676915866471.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
設計學系
104
The concept of animal protection is not strange to us in this time, however, cases of cruelty to animals can still be heard without end. We traced it back to 19th century trying to find out the root of animal welfare historical context and identify the root of human consciousness. We focus on the contemporary expressionism, and the distinction of other schools that practices and yearned for returning the original natural format. In view of this, the research expressed the resentment for the current condition of animal welfare through applying expressionist style on our artworks. Using non-mainstream style illustration as media and moving thinking model from totally human centered to full animal rights, we reach our goal of speaking for unspoken, animals, through our creating processes. We also used visual metaphors in our works to communicate with the viewers to stimulate their good conscience and encourage them to reflect on the relationship between human beings and animals and on themselves. The goals of this research including: 1. Showing the value of art styles via explaining the time significance of expressionism. 2. Applying the visual characteristics of expressionism on animal protection issues related illustration and determining its feasibility. 3. Investigating the developments and the changes of animal welfare. The research summarized the diverse features of expressionism, the applications of visual metaphor techniques and the modern relationship between human and non human animals via literature collection in the domains of expressionist style, animal welfare and visual metaphor. We also analyzed the styles of animal welfare related artworks from domestic and international expressionist artists by sampling through different regions, times, art critics and artists’ own words. Through all these research processes, we created five artwork series which includes seventeen art pieces. By way of literature research, case study analysis and artistic creative processes, we came to the conclusions as follow: 1.Most of the people in Taiwan don’t have enough respect for animals other than human beings. 2.Expressionism has diverse visual styles. Through finding the interactions between topic, concept and spirit, and using basic elements which includes lines, colors, shapes and painting techniques, we can summarize the features of this art style. 3.Illustration techniques with visual metaphors have better self-reflecting capabilities. Which make viewers not only passive recipients but also active participants who can enter the painting with more self-interpretation and self-reflection. 4.Applying expressionism into modern illustration, which is more approachable than fine art, can make the artworks presenting non mainstream style and give the viewers more visual stimulations.
46
HSUEH, CHONG-SHEN, and 薛仲軒. "A Study of Legislative Evolution and Law Amendmentof Animal Protection Law." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yzwfct.
47
Wu, Jiachi, and 吳家騏. "On The Protection Of Experiment Animals In Taiwan From The Religious, Scientific, Ethical Perspectives Of Animal Welfare Theory." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43990108954220327858.
Abstract:
碩士輔仁大學
宗教學系
100
Abstract Animal ethics mainly discusses the problem of how mankind treats animals, which is related to the existence of moral position of animals and the discussion of animal interest value. Animal Welfare Theory is one of the descriptions of contemporary animal ethics, which is approved by Taiwan and serves as the basic interest of protecting animals. Because “animal welfare theory” is originated from the West, the lack of understanding the history of how the westerners protected the animals and its real meaning caused the protection towards laboratory animals in Taiwan becomes unpractical. For this reason, this study traced back to the historical background and incident meaning of “Christianity”, “science”, “ethics”, and “animal experiment” in the West to explain the conception, meaning, and purpose of “welfare theory” on protecting laboratory animals. The essential contents of Animal Protection Act in Taiwan were cross-compared with the viewpoints of welfare theory. This study found that four problems were hidden in laboratory animal protection mechanism of Taiwan: First, the species and subjects protected by Animal Protection Act were significantly insufficient, and this Act was unable to manifest the essence of the five freedoms and the 3 Rs. Second, the ethics supervision mechanism of laboratory animals could not show its supervision and audit efficiency timely because of the defects of system design. Third, for the medical treatment, supervision, and euthanasia of the laboratory animals, veterinarian does not mandatorily need to participate, causing negligence when implementing the welfare. Fourth, the protection towards laboratory animals and companion animals during the implementation and punishment of administrative supervision showed significant difference. Last but not least, methods to improve the above-mentioned defects were proposed. Keywords: Animal Welfare , Animal Ethics, experimental animals , animal experimentation, The 3 Rs, The Five Freedoms.
48
Yu, Chih-Chin, and 余致蓁. "The Legal Framework of Executing Agencies and Its Accountability of Animal Protection Law ---Focusing On Animal Abuse Control." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dpy499.
Abstract:
碩士國立清華大學
科技法律研究所
105
The legitimacy of animal protection, after a long period of dialectical and development, seems to have become an international consensus. The central idea of Animal Protection Law in Taiwan has been very clear to be Animal Welfare-oriented. However, to actually avoid animal abuse, there are still many deficiencies waiting to be fix under current legal norms and the configuration of the executive authorities. In order to amend the existing regulations and to solve the problem of confusion and disability of the executive authorities so that animal welfare can be implemented, this article use statutory interpretation and practical interview to analyze the problem, then draw on the experience of other countries of different types of animal protection systems. Through the improvement of the relevant regulations, hoping to build up a most suitable system for Taiwan's animal protection and set up an official animal protection agencies in every local government that combines the function of control, rescue and criminal prosecution. Also, expand the authority of animal control officer, and gain human resource by public-private partnerships to handle with animal cruelty.
49
Bo-Yen, Yen, and 嚴伯彥. "Dealing with the Divergency Problems over Animal Protection Policies by Using Q Methodology- A Case Study of Companion Animals." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u367w7.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
行政管理學系碩士班
104
Since the animal protection policy has been implemented in Taiwan, our government has faced moral disputes for a long time. For instance, in the trap-neuter-release policy, people who supports the policy are in favor of reducing the number of animal-Abandonment rates. On the other side, people who are against the policy oppose to the deprivation of the natural behaviors rights of animals. These kinds of policies which involve moral disputes caused the reason why our animal protection policy can not be smoothly conducted in Taiwan. However, the consensus on this issue, are the key to overcome the difficulties in the policy. In our research, we managed to condense the consensus and differences among the antithesis in order to suggest what our government should do initially, and should avoid doing now. How to deal with the problems? It is important to use an appropriate methodology. The methodology must have the function that could find out the consensus and differences on subjective from the subjects. Therefore, Our article was tempted to using Q Methodology for the requirement.
50
Chen, Yi-Ching, and 陳怡菁. "A Study on the Enforcement of Companion Animal Protection Policy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64402964438518813927.
Abstract:
碩士國立東華大學
公共行政學系
104
Companion animal has consciousness, beliefs, memories, and emotional. They are able to take purposeful actions. Because of these characteristics, companion animal have rights of life, freedom and body, whether human is the fond introduction of animal welfare and animal rights. This thesis focuses on the basic needs of animals' lives which follows the welfare standard. Moreover, this research summarizes the history and policies of the Animal Protection Act in Europe, Germany, United Kingdom and Taiwan, also analyzes the relevant documents, reports and news.In the final chapters, the research analyzes the related companion animal issues in Taiwan and brings out the concerns as well as the suggestions about these companion animal policies. Based on these important issues about animal shelters and companion animal abuses, it is clear that western countries are more concerned about animal welfare and animal rights. We hoped that the relevant Animal Protection Act in Taiwan can carry on the animal legal right of other countries and there will be an animal-friendly society in the near future with Taiwanese people's better understanding of the importance of lives. In addition, the policy activated in 2017 that animal shelters are prohibited doing animal euthanasia, needs to be carried out with animal health education and the improvements of the facilities in animal shelters. We can truly achieved animal protection only when people’s thinking, morality and the whole society reach a consensus of animal protection.