Relevant bibliographies by topics / Animal Physiology

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Animal Physiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Animal Physiology"

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Downing, Roberta, and Giorgia Della Rocca. "Pain in Pets: Beyond Physiology." Animals 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030355.

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Animals do not speak a language humans understand, making it easy to believe that they do not experience pain the way humans do. Despite data affirming that companion animals can and do experience pain much as do humans, there remains a gap between companion animal acute pain management knowledge and its execution. Companion animal pain is not simply a physiological issue. Veterinary clinicians can and should embrace the foundational principles of clinical bioethics—respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice—translated from human medicine for the benefit of their patients. By reframing companion animal pain as a bioethical issue, as described in this paper, veterinarians affirm their commitment to closing the gap between what is known and what is done for painful companion animals. This takes pet pain beyond physiology.
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NSAP, NJAP. "Animal Breeding and Physiology." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v1i1.2573.

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Staub, Norman C. "Whole animal physiology redux." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): L683—L687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00173.2002.

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Bonneau, M. "Commission on Animal Physiology." Livestock Production Science 60, no. 2-3 (July 1999): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00087-1.

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Ghosh, Debabrata, and Jayasree Sengupta. "Animal experiments in physiology education." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64 (January 25, 2021): S28—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_265_2020.

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Young, S. R., and K. Schmidt-Nielsen. "Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment." Journal of Applied Ecology 22, no. 1 (April 1985): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403350.

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Baggott, G. K. "Animal Physiology: Adaptation and environment." Journal of Arid Environments 8, no. 3 (May 1985): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31286-2.

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Toogood, Charlie, Vismaya Kharkar, and Rose McKerrel. "Ode to Physiology: Animal Olympics!" Physiology News, Autumn 2016 (September 1, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.104.40.

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Zallone, Alberta Zambonin, and Anna Teti. "Animal models of bone physiology." Current Opinion in Rheumatology 5, no. 3 (May 1993): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002281-199305030-00017.

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Wettemann, Robert. "American College of Animal Physiology." Professional Animal Scientist 15, no. 1 (March 1999): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31729-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal Physiology"

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Wang, Xiaoliang. "a1 Na/K-ATPase Integrator Function in Animal Physiology." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1501068137400808.

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Lomas, Caroline Anne. "The effect of supplementary light on the behaviour, physiology and productivity of cattle." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239841.

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Sharif, Naeini Reza. "Contribution of the Trpv1 gene to the physiology of supraoptic neurons." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111867.

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The release of vasopressin (VP) from magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei is essential to hydromineral homeostasis. This release is controlled by several physiological stimuli, including changes in the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid, and in core body temperature. The osmotic control of VP release is mediated by specific and highly sensitive 'osmoreceptors'. Indeed, VP-releasing neurons in the SON are directly osmosensitive, and this osmosensitivity is mediated by stretch-inhibited cation channels. The molecular identity of these channels, however, remains unknown. The thermal control of VP release, on the other hand, is largely unexplained. In this thesis, we demonstrate that the mouse SON is a valid model for investigating the molecular basis of osmotransduction. We show that hyperosmotically-induced increases in membrane conductance are blocked by ruthenium red (RR), a non selective blocker of TRPV channels. In addition, SON neurons were found to express an N-terminal splice variant of TRPV1, but not full-length TRPV1. Unlike their wild-type counterparts, SON neurons in Trpv1 knockout (Trpv1-/-) mice could not generate RR-sensitive increases in membrane conductance and depolarizing potentials in response to hyperosmotic stimulation. Moreover, Trpv1-/-mice showed a pronounced serum hyperosmolality under basal conditions and severely compromised VP responses to osmotic stimulation in vivo. These results suggest that the Trpv1 gene may encode a central component of the osmoreceptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that VP neurons are intrinsically thermosensitive. In these neurons, thermal stimuli spanning core body temperatures activate a RR-sensitive non selective cation current. Interestingly, VP neurons isolated from Trpv1 -/-mice are significantly less thermosensitive. These results suggest that channels encoded by the Trpv1 gene can confer thermosensitivity in the physiological range. Overall, these data suggest that products of the Trpv1 gene in VP neurons may represent a molecular point of convergence for the detection of osmotic and thermal stimuli.
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Senko, Alexander W. (Alexander William). "Transgene-free strategies for wireless control of animal physiology using magnetite nanoparticles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122538.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 130-141).
Bioelectronic medicines are emerging therapies designed to control human physiology using electrically actuated stimuli instead of drugs. The most famous example is deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease, in which electrodes are used to control brain activity and prevent tremors. An idealized version of this therapy would use soft materials and be wireless in order to be minimally invasive and cause minimal damage to brain tissue. Magnetic fields are an appealing candidate for wireless therapies because at many frequencies and amplitudes, the human body is similar enough in its magnetic response to vacuum that magnetic fields can penetrate arbitrarily deep. When combined with magnetic nanoparticles of biocompatible iron oxide, which can dissipate heat or produce forces when subjected to applied magnetic fields, magnetic fields can be applied from outside the body and evoke a physiological response within. This thesis describes the synthesis of large disc-shaped magnetic particles which undergo mechanical motion under lower frequency alternating magnetic fields. This mechanical motion enables a new paradigm of activating mechanosensitive ion channels, with increased scalability of the magnetic field apparatuses compared to the high-frequency fields needed to produce heat from magnetic nanoparticles. Wireless magnetic nanoparticle-mediated stimulation has often relied on transgenes, but by choosing tissues that endogenously express the proteins required to detect the physical stimuli (like heat or force) produced by the nanoparticles, it is possible to avoid the need for transgenes. Not relying on transgenes significantly lowers the barrier to clinical translation of this therapy platform.
by Alexander W. Senko.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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Al-Jamal, Rehab. "The interaction between dynamic lung physiology, the extracellular matrix and mechanical strain /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37861.

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Recently, various proteoglycans (PGs) have been identified in the lung. The first objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that matrix glycosaminoglycans contribute to lung tissue viscoelasticity. Lung parenchymal strips were exposed to specific glycosaminoglycans-degradating enzymes to determine whether the mechanical properties of the tissue were affected. The degradation of heparan sulphate and chondroitin/dermatan sulphate glycosaminoglycans caused significant increases in energy dissipation and dynamic resistance relative to control strips. Hyaluronidase treatment did not alter any of the dynamic or static measures. Since PGs were found to be part of the stress bearing structure, the second part of the thesis aimed at examining whether subjecting the lung to excessive mechanical force can cause alteration in PG composition so as to adapt to the altered stress bearing requirement. To address this hypothesis, the effect of different ventilation regimes on lung tissue mechanics and PGs was examined in an in vivo rat model. After 2 h of mechanical ventilation, lung tissue elastance and resistance were significantly increased in rats ventilated with tidal volume of 30 ml/kg at 0 positive end-expiratory pressure (Vt30PEEP0) as compared to controls (Vt8PEEP1.5). Versican, a basement membrane heparan sulphate PG and biglycan, were all increased in rat lungs ventilated with Vt30PEEP0 as compared to control. These data demonstrated that alterations in lung tissue mechanics with excessive mechanical ventilation are accompanied by changes in all classes of ECM PGs. However, whether the alteration seen in PG composition resulted from excessive mechanical ventilation directly was unclear. In addition the cellular source of these PGs was not determined. Therefore, the aim of the third part of the thesis was to investigate and characterize the effect of mechanical strain on lung fibroblast PG production in vitro. We found cell layer associated versican protein in
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Dableh, Liliane J. "Cannabinoid receptors in animal models of acute, tonic and chronic pain." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29428.

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The aim of the work presented here is to evaluate the effects of cannabinoids in three animal models of pain: acute, tonic and chronic. The tail flick test (acute pain) was used to test the effect of the cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212--2, on tail withdrawal latency from a noxious radiant heat source. It was also tested on the allodynia induced by either endogenous release or exogenous administration of substance P. WIN 55,212--2 was antinociceptive in this test, and blocked the substance P-induced allodynia, suggesting a post-synaptic site of action. The formalin test (tonic pain) was used to test the effects of the endogenous cannabinoid agonist, anandamide and the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM 281. Anandamide was antinociceptive (with a short duration of action), and AM 281 was pronociceptive. When administered concomitantly, AM 281 blocked the effects of anandamide. When given alone and in the absence of a noxious stimulus, AM 281 was without effect. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Sylvester, Christopher John. "A Demonstration of Photoresponsiveness in Laboratory Rats using Whole Animal and Neuroendocrine Approaches." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626097.

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Téfit, Mélisandre. "Drosophila melanogaster and its bacterial partners : community dynamics and effects on animal physiology." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN055.

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Dans la nature, les relations symbiotiques sont très répandues, et d’une importance écologique fondamentale. Les animaux sont apparus, ont évolué et vivent maintenant constamment associés avec une multitude de micro-organismes. Parmi les différents types de symbioses existantes, celles liant le microbiote et son hôte occupent une place centrale et équilibrée, basée sur des relations commensales ou mutualistes entre les partenaires. Ce microbiote est de plus en plus étudié, notamment en raison du rôle crucial qu’il joue dans la santé animale ainsi que dans le développement de pathologies. Dans cette effort de recherche, Drosophila melanogaster représente un modèle de choix, grâce à la facilité de générer et maintenir des lignées de mouches axéniques, ainsi que de les réassocier avec une communauté microbienne définie.L’association de la drosophile avec l’un des ses commensaux naturels, Lactobacillus plantarum, a permis de révéler l’effet promoteur de croissance de cette bactérie. En cas de carence nutritionnelle, des larves associées avec L. plantarum se développent beaucoup plus rapidement que leurs semblables axéniques. L’ajustement du développement en fonction des conditions environnementales est cependant crucial pour la formation d’un individu à la santé optimale, et dans ce cas les individus grandissent plus vite alors que les conditions nutritionnelles sont pauvres. Nous avons donc cherché à déterminer si ce qui semble être un avantage au stade larvaire pouvait se révéler délétère pour les stades suivants et avoir un effet néfaste sur les mouches adultes. Nous avons montré que L. plantarum est bénéfique pour D. melanogaster tout au long du cycle de vie de la mouche et permet l’émergence précoce d’adultes matures et fertiles sans impact négatif sur leur santé et leurs performances. De plus, dans certaines conditions, cette souche commensale entraîne une augmentation de la durée de vie de mâles nutritionnellement carencés.Des études plus larges analysant l’interaction de la drosophile avec plusieurs espèces bactériennes peuvent informer sur la dynamique d’un microbiote de mouche. En effet, au sein de la niche environnementale, les bactéries sont échangées entre l’animal et son substrat nutritif, et ces transferts réciproques pourraient altérer la composition de la communauté. Nous avons étudié cette question en utilisant un microbiote naturel, et avons observé un haut degré de similitude entre les bactéries associées avec les mouches et la composition de la communauté bactérienne de la nourriture, illustrant le caractère stable de l’association du microbiote de la drosophile avec la population de mouches au sien de la niche.Ces résultats illustrent le pouvoir du modèle drosophile pour l’étude des interactions entre les animaux et leur microbiote, qui permet de déchiffrer la dynamique des communautés de bactéries commensales ainsi que leur impact sur la physiologie animale
In nature, symbiotic relationships are widespread, and of paramount ecological importance. Animals have appeared, evolved, and are now living constantly associated with a variety of microorganisms. In the spectrum of different symbioses types, the microbiota occupies a central and balanced part by establishing commensalistic or mutualistic relationships with its host. Over the last years, the microbiota has been extensively studied given the crucial role it plays in animal health and disease. In this research effort, Drosophila melanogaster represents a fruitful model, thanks to the ease to generate and maintain axenic flies, and the simplicity of re-associating them with a defined microbial community.The association of Drosophila with one of its natural commensals, Lactobacillus plantarum, revealed a growth-promoting effect mediated by this bacterial species. In case of nutrient scarcity, larvae associated with L. plantarum develop twice faster than the germ-free ones. However, adjusting development to environmental cues is key to organismal fitness, and yet here animals are growing fast even though the nutritional conditions are poor. We thus questioned whether what seems like an advantage could in turn be deleterious at later stages, and adversely impact adult fitness. We showed that L. plantarum is a true beneficial partner for D. melanogaster throughout the fly life cycle. Indeed, it allows the precocious emergence of mature and fertile adults without fitness drawbacks, and in certain conditions, this commensal can even increase the lifespan of nutritionally challenged males.Broader studies assessing the interaction of Drosophila with several bacterial species can inform about the dynamics of a fly microbiota. Indeed, in the environmental niche bacteria are transferred between the fly and its nutritive substrate, and these reciprocal transfers could alter the composition of the community. We addressed this question using a wild-derived microbial community and observed a high degree of similarity between the bacteria associated with the flies and the composition of the community in the diet, illustrating the stable association of the Drosophila microbiota with the fly population in the niche.Altogether these results emphasize the power of the Drosophila model in the study of the relationships between animals and their microbiota, which allows deciphering the dynamics of commensal bacterial communities and their impact on animal physiology
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Mazzola, Carmen. "Neuropharmacology and Behaviural Animal Models." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/93.

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Lo studio delle patologie umane richiede spesso l'ausilio di sperimentazioni animali. Generalmente i dati ottenuti in questi modelli permettono di ampliare le conoscenze sui meccanismi eziologici e sul trattamento delle patologie. Perche' un modello sperimentale sia considerato attendibile, deve avere specifici requisiti: face validity, construct validity and predictive validity. Rispettare tali criteri e' di enorme importanza per la ricerca in ambito fisiologico e farmacologico.
The study of human disease often involves performing physiological and pharmacological experiments in animal models. Generally, experimental results obtained in these models are extrapolated to the human situation, providing new insights into disease mechanisms and treatment options. To be able to reliably extrapolate results obtained in animal experiments, it is important to consider the validity of the animal model used, i.e., the extent to which the model mimics the disease. This validity is often characterized by 1) the resemblance in symptoms (face validity), 2) shared etiology and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms (construct validity), and 3) similarity of pharmacological responses (predictive validity). Hence, the analysis of face, construct, and predictive validity of animal models constitutes a very important aspect in the study of disease physiology and pharmacology.
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Crouzet, Emmanuel. "Modèles animaux pour la recherche sur la cornée. Expérimentation animale et alternatives innovantes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES066.

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La cornée est le hublot transparent de l’oeil. Bien que de nombreux modèles alternatifs utilisant des cornées animales ex vivo aient vu le jour durant ces 30 dernières années, les recherches préclinique (étude de nouvelles stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques) et fondamentale sur la cornée ont toujours besoin de l’expérimentation animale in vivo. Elle fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’une réglementation stricte afin d’éviter tout abus et maltraitance. Les animaux les plus fréquemment utilisés en recherche cornéenne sont des mammifères (souris, rat, lapin, chat, chien, cochon, boeuf et primate non humain). Malgré leur proximité phylogénétique de l’Homme, ces animaux peuvent présenter des différences notables avec la cornée humaines qui doivent être connues pour ne pas induire de biais dans l’expérimentation. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de mettre au point les modèles animaux et les méthodes alternatives nécessaires aux travaux du laboratoire BiiGC (EA 2521, Université de Saint-Étienne, France). Ils sont illustrés par 3 projets innovants : 1/une étude préclinique utilisant un modèle de kératoplastie transfixiante chez le lapin pour évaluer la prévention du rejet d’allogreffe de cornée par implant sous conjonctival de déxamethasone ; 2/Le développement d’un bioréacteur cornéen porcin pour l’analyse de la cicatrisation épithéliale ; 3/ l’utilisation d’un modèle lapin de lésion endothéliale pour l’étude de la régénération endothéliale. Ces 3 travaux innovant démontrent la diversité des modèles animaux nécessaires en recherche fondamentale et translationnelle
The cornea is the clear window of the eye. Although many alternative models using ex vivo animal corneas have emerged during the last 30 years, preclinical research (study of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies) and fundamental corneal research still need animal experiments in vivo. The most commonly used animals in corneal research are mammals (mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, dog, pig, beef and non-human primate). Despite their phylogenetic proximity to humans, these animals may exhibit notable differences with the human cornea, which must be known so as not to induce bias into the experiment. The aims of this thesis are to develop the animal models and the alternative models necessary for the work of the BiiGC laboratory (EA2521, University of Saint-Etienne, France). They illustrated by 3 innovative projects: 1/ a preclinical study using penetrating keratoplasty model in rabbits to evaluate the prevention of corneal allografts rejection by a conjunctival implant of dexamethasone; 2/ The development of a porcine corneal bioreactor for the analysis of epithelial wound healing; 3/ The use of rabbit endothelial lesion model for the study of endothelial regeneration. These 3 innovative works demonstrate the diversity of animal models needed in fundamental and translational research
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Books on the topic "Animal Physiology"

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David, Robinson, and Open University. Animal Physiology Course Team., eds. Animal physiology. Milton Keynes: Open University, 1994.

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Hill, Richard W. Animal physiology. 2nd ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 2008.

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David, Robinson, Dyson Mandy, and Open University. Animal Physiology Course Team., eds. Animal physiology. Milton Keynes: Open University, 1997.

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Open University. Animal Physiology Course Team., ed. Animal physiology. Milton Keynes: Open University, 1999.

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M, Pond Caroline, and Open University. Animal Physiology Course Team., eds. Animal physiology. Milton Keynes: Open University, 1992.

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Open University. Animal Physiology Course Team., ed. Animal physiology. 2nd ed. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2002.

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Michael, Stewart, ed. Animal physiology. Sevenoaks: Hodder, 1991.

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A, Wyse Gordon, and Anderson Margaret 1941-, eds. Animal physiology. 3rd ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, 2012.

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A, Wyse Gordon, and Hill Richard W, eds. Animal physiology. 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

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Prosser, S. Ladd. Comparative animal physiology. Chichester: Wiley, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Animal Physiology"

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Kotyk, Arnošt. "Animal Physiology." In Quantities, Symbols, Units, and Abbreviations in the Life Sciences, 87–89. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-206-7_15.

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Colgan, Patrick. "Physiology of motivation." In Animal Motivation, 69–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0831-4_3.

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Visha, P., and V. Sejian. "Physiology of Animal Behavior." In Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 695–720. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9410-4_27.

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Vater, Marianne. "Cochlear Physiology and Anatomy in Bats." In Animal Sonar, 225–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_20.

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Fox, Steven M. "Physiology of Pain." In Chronic Pain in Small Animal Medicine, 3–69. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003376422-2.

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Bathgate, Roslyn. "Male reproductive anatomy and physiology." In Manual of animal andrology, 10–18. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243505.0002.

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Abstract This chapter starts with a brief overview of the endocrine system, which largely controls male reproduction and spermatogenesis. This is followed by a description of each of the major structures that comprise the male reproductive tract. This chapter is rounded off with a discussion on the components of semen.
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Eicher, S. D. "Environment and Animal Well-Being." In Environmental Physiology of Livestock, 65–80. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119949091.ch5.

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Dryden, Gordon McL. "Nutrients and important feed constituents and their functions." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 1–12. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0001.

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Abstract This chapter describes the characteristics of animal feed that make them a valuable source of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, trace elements and other nutrients, as well as how animals use these nutrients, nutrition physiology, production responses to feeding and nutritional disorders.
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Webster, John G. "Animal Studies." In TASER® Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and Law, 85–108. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85475-5_7.

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Butler, Patrick J., J. Anne Brown, D. George Stephenson, and John R. Speakman. "Reproduction." In Animal Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199655458.003.0025.

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This chapter describes the process of sexual reproduction in animals. Sexual reproduction involves the meeting of two specialized cells called gametes, one from each parent, normally of the same species. Fertilization occurs either within a female or in the surrounding environment, depending on the species. The chapter then differentiates between oviparous animals, ovoviviparous animals, and viviparous animals. Genetic sex determination occurs in most animal species, but not all. Sexual differentiation, the development of gonadal, neural and endocrine tissues, determines an animal's phenotypic sex. The chapter also illustrates the male and female reproductive systems of vertebrates, before considering asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction allows rapid expansion of populations, but without genetic change, which limits the population's scope to cope with environmental changes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Animal Physiology"

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Mu’tatal Hikmah, Exma, and Retno Susilowati. "Sauropus Androgynus for Increasing Uterine Weight in Menopausal Women: An Experimental Study Using Animal Models." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007333601010105.

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Yam, Kwan Mei. "USE OF RECORDED LECTURES IN AN ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY CLASS." In 11th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.1862.

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Liang, Yun, Keith M. Stantz, Ganapathy Krishnamurthi, Laigao Chen, and Gary D. Hutchins. "Investigation of Contrast-Enhanced In-Vivo Animal Imaging With Micro-CT." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33053.

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Rapid progress in molecular biology, much sparked by the human Genome Project, is opening a new era in medicine and biology. The development of in-vivo micro-imaging technology for small animals (mice and rats) has generated unprecedented opportunities for studying the structural and physiologic properties exhibited by different genes in a cost-effective and low-risk means. This knowledge, in turn, will help guide the study in human genetic system. Micro-computed tomograph (microCT) with resolution on the scale of micrometer is a new technique for obtaining the 3D images of the internal structure of small objects [1,2]. Its biological and medical applications include noninvasively screening animals for genetic mutations and identification as well as monitoring of structural and physiology properties that are linked with specific genes. This paper reports on our preliminary investigation on two aspects of this new imaging technique: (1) an initial experience of instrumentation capability and limitation, and (2) the contrast enhancement strategy necessary for organ-specific anatomic and physiologic studies.
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Qu, Guijuan, and Xiaoqing Dong. "Study on Reform of Experimental Teaching System of Animal Physiology." In 2016 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Medicine (EMCM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcm-16.2017.90.

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Yam, Kwan Mei. "STUDENTS’ ATTENDANCE, STUDY HABIT AND PERFORMANCE IN AN ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY CLASS." In 15th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2023.1886.

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Amin, Astuti Mun, Aloysius Duran Corebima, Siti Zubaidah, and Susriyati Mahanal. "The Critical Thinking Skills Profile of Preservice Biology Teachers in Animal Physiology." In 3rd International Conference on Education and Training (ICET 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icet-17.2017.30.

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Purba, Indra, Melva Silitonga, and Idramsa Idramsa. "The Effectiveness of Animal Physiology Textbook Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills." In Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership, AISTEEL 2022, 20 September 2022, Medan, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2022.2324501.

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Beletić, Anđjelo, Josipa Kuleš, Ivana Rubić I, Filipović Milica Kovačević, and Vladimir Mrljak. "Serum, Saliva, and Liver Proteome Indices Associated with Platelet Biology during Inflammatory Conditions in Different Animal Species." In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.i1.

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The understanding of platelet biology stepped out of the (patho)physiology of hemostasis long ago. Currently, platelets are acknowledged as effective sentinels against pathogens and powerful regulators of inflammatory processes. While accomplishing these tasks, their structural and physiological features undergo constant changes, often associated with the proteomics indices in the tissues and biofluids. Assessing these associations in different animal species provides a substantial comparative benefit. Nevertheless, the sine qua non for the reliable interpretation of the obtained data is a comprehensive understanding of the applied analytical and bioinformatics methods. Keywords: Tissue; Body fluids; Proteomics; Platelet biology; Animals; Infections
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Morano, Phil V., and Elena S. Catap. "Preliminary screening of Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski (Asteraceae) extracts on their effects on some electrocardiogram parameters using toads (Bufo sp) as animal model." In Annual International Conference on Advanced Research: Physiology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-607x_arp14.08.

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Nuraini, Nita, Susriyati Mahanal, Herawati Susilo, and Sulisetijono. "Self regulated learning skills of pre-service biology teachers in animal physiology: A preliminary analysis." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE EDUCATION (ICoSEd 2021): Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) 2030: The Impacts, Challenges, and Strategies in Science Education. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112405.

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Reports on the topic "Animal Physiology"

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Johnson, Anna K. Major in Animal Physiology with a Specialization in Ethology. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-137.

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Singh, Anjali. What Is Optogenetics and How Does It Work? ConductScience, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220704.

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Optogenetics is a biotechnological method that combines optical systems and genetic engineering to control and monitor the functions of cells, tissues, and organisms. It involves using light-sensitive proteins called opsins to manipulate specific cells or regions with precision. This technique has revolutionized neuroscience, allowing researchers to study neural circuits and behavior by turning cells on and off. Opsins are categorized into microbial and animal types, each with specific functions. Optogenetic experiments require opsins, suitable plasmids or viral vectors, and a light source. This method has broad applications in neurology, animal behavior, and physiology, providing insights into various biological processes. It is used to map neural circuits, study diseases, and understand behaviors.
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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