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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal industry – Environmental aspects'
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1
Liang, Jin Sheng, Dong Mei Zhang, Yan Ding, and Jun Ping Meng. "Research and Application of Micro-Environmental Control Technology in Animal Breeding Industry." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.260.
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Influence of micro-environmental factors in animal breeding room on healthy growth of animal was discussed, such as harmful chemical gas, drinking water, microorganism, temperature, humidity and noise. Main products and technologies used in improving animal breeding micro-environment were summarized from four aspects including deodorization, activating drinking water, adding feed additives, using temperature and humidity control devices. At last, the development trends of micro-environment control were proposed in large-scale animal breeding.
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András Halász and Géza Nagy. "Some methodological aspects of animal behaviour during beef cattle grazing." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 48 (July 31, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2449.
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Ethology, the research field of animal behaviour, during the past half century developed into an independent science and became more important in recent years as the farming industry has turned toward quality production. Farm animals respond for every environmental factor. Essential to know the answers to avoid unpleasant economic consequences. Based on the shepherds’ experience, this science has merged with modern technology, constantly expanding and searching new methods. According to the literature the article summarizes the observation methods in cattle grazing. This paper introduces the beginnings and shows the future trends. Finally we share personal experiences as the Hungarian Grey cattle grazing behaviour at conditions of Hortobágy, Hungary.
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Fallahi, Sepideh, Łukasz Bobak, and Sebastian Opaliński. "Hemp in Animal Diets—Cannabidiol." Animals 12, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192541.
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In recent years, interest in hemp use has grown owing to its chemical and medicinal properties. Several parts of this plant, such as seeds, leaves, flowers, and stems are used in medicine, industry, and environmental preservation. Although there were legal restrictions on hemp exploitation in some countries due to the trace presence of THC as a psychoactive element, many countries have legalized it in recent years. Cannabidiol or CBD is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that can activate the endocannabinoid system and its receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in bodies of different species. Cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-depressant effects. This review investigates various aspects of cannabidiol use and its potential in animals and humans.
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Novikova, I. V., A. S. Muravev, G. V. Agafonov, E. A. Korotkih, O. Y. Malceva, and N. V. Zueva. "Technological measures to improve the environmental friendliness of alcohol industry enterprises." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012092.
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Abstract The article concerns technological measures to improve the environmental friendliness of food industry enterprises: in particular, aspects of processing waste from the alcohol industry with further use in agriculture (in animal feed). It is important to use methods to optimize the feeding of farm animals, allowing one to involve feed resources that do not have a harmful effect on health and productivity, while significantly reducing the consumption of grain components. This resource is dry distillery grains, which is a waste product of distillery production. Technologies of distillery bard processing include its evaporation with further drying. The main waste at the ethanol plant is whole stillage. It is centrifuged to separate thin stillage from wet grains. Thin stillage contains 5-10% of solids. For reducing energy consumption during the concentration process, it is possible to use a direct contact evaporator (bubbling evaporator). In this article, the bubbling evaporator design was developed. To justify the size of the evaporator, the temperature difference profile along the column length was determined. It is less than 1 and remains constant, which determines the high efficiency of heat transfer. The most effective parameters of the evaporation process according to moisture removal are a gas flow rate of 1.3–1.5 m3/h, air temperature of 400±15. Work results can be used in the design of scalable systems for thin stillage processing and applicable in medium-sized ethanol plants.
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Bamberger, Michelle, and Robert E. Oswald. "Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 22, no. 1 (May 2012): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.22.1.e.
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Environmental concerns surrounding drilling for gas are intense due to expansion of shale gas drilling operations. Controversy surrounding the impact of drilling on air and water quality has pitted industry and leaseholders against individuals and groups concerned with environmental protection and public health. Because animals often are exposed continually to air, soil, and groundwater and have more frequent reproductive cycles, animals can be used as sentinels to monitor impacts to human health. This study involved interviews with animal owners who live near gas drilling operations. The findings illustrate which aspects of the drilling process may lead to health problems and suggest modifications that would lessen but not eliminate impacts. Complete evidence regarding health impacts of gas drilling cannot be obtained due to incomplete testing and disclosure of chemicals, and nondisclosure agreements. Without rigorous scientific studies, the gas drilling boom sweeping the world will remain an uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale.
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Marques, Anne y. Castro, Mário Roberto Maróstica, and Gláucia Maria Pastore. "Some Nutritional, Technological and Environmental Advances in the Use of Enzymes in Meat Products." Enzyme Research 2010 (September 29, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/480923.
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The growing consumer demand for healthier products has stimulated the development of nutritionally enhanced meat products. However, this can result in undesirable sensory consequences to the product, such as texture alterations in low-salt and low-phosphate meat foods. Additionally, in the meat industry, economical aspects have stimulated researchers to use all the animal parts to maximize yields of marketable products. This paper aimed to show some advances in the use of enzymes in meat processing, particularly the application of the proteolytic enzymes transglutaminase and phytases, associated with nutritional, technological, and environmental improvements.
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Malygina, Natalia, Elisabeth Vlasova, and Valeriya Bogdanova. "Wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) resources use in the Taimyr peninsula: Aspects of the principle of ecological law." Czech Polar Reports 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2013-1-9.
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Rapid development of modern industry on the Taimyr peninsula together with global changes of environmental conditions and great anthropogenic pressure have caused observable disruption of some Arctic and sub Arctic tundra ecosystems. These changes have several effects on the animal populations, Wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) in particular, that are the resources of living for the indigenous people of the Taimyr peninsula. Many problems are eliminated by existing environmental, health, housing and civil rights laws, research and educational activities. In future, they should be developed and advanced so that R. tarandus resources could be balanced according to the indigenous people demands.
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Pelletier, Nathan, Maurice Doyon, Bruce Muirhead, Tina Widowski, Jodey Nurse-Gupta, and Michelle Hunniford. "Sustainability in the Canadian Egg Industry—Learning from the Past, Navigating the Present, Planning for the Future." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103524.
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Like other livestock sectors, the Canadian egg industry has evolved substantially over time and will likely experience similarly significant change looking forward, with many of these changes determining the sustainability implications of and for the industry. Influencing factors include: technological and management changes at farm level and along the value chain resulting in greater production efficiencies and improved life cycle resource efficiency and environmental performance; a changing policy/regulatory environment; and shifts in societal expectations and associated market dynamics, including increased attention to animal welfare outcomes—especially in regard to changes in housing systems for laying hens. In the face of this change, effective decision-making is needed to ensure the sustainability of the Canadian egg industry. Attention both to lessons from the past and to the emerging challenges that will shape its future is required and multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to understand synergies and potential trade-offs between alternative courses of action across multiple aspects of sustainability. Here, we consider the past, present and potential futures for this industry through the lenses of environmental, institutional (i.e., regulatory), and socio-economic sustainability, with an emphasis on animal welfare as an important emergent social consideration. Our analysis identifies preferred pathways, potential pitfalls, and outstanding cross-disciplinary research questions.
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Medeiros, Ivo, Aitor Fernandez-Novo, Susana Astiz, and João Simões. "Historical Evolution of Cattle Management and Herd Health of Dairy Farms in OECD Countries." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030125.
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This work aimed to review the important aspects of the dairy industry evolution at herd level, interrelating production with health management systems. Since the beginning of the industrialization of the dairy cattle sector (1950s), driven by the need to feed the rapidly growing urban areas, this industry has experienced several improvements, evolving in management and technology. These changes have been felt above all in the terms of milking, rearing, nutrition, reproductive management, and design of facilities. Shortage of labor, emphasis on increasing farm efficiency, and quality of life of the farmers were the driving factors for these changes. To achieve it, in many areas of the world, pasture production has been abandoned, moving to indoor production, which allows for greater nutritional and reproductive control of the animals. To keep pace with this paradigm in milk production, animal health management has also been improved. Prevention and biosecurity have become essential to control and prevent pathologies that cause great economic losses. As such, veterinary herd health management programs were created, allowing the management of health of the herd as a whole, through the common work of veterinarians and farmers. These programs address the farms holistically, from breeding to nutrition, from prevention to consultancy. In addition, farmers are now faced with a consumer more concerned on animal production, valuing certified products that respect animal health and welfare, as well as environmental sustainability.
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Gurova, О. N. "Challenges of reducing ecological risks for hunting resources use in Zabaykalsky krai (an institutional approach)." Regional'nye issledovaniya, no. 2 (2019): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-2-9.
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The resource potential of the hunting economy of the Trans-Baikal Territory is characterized by great diversity and richness of the animal world. Wild ungulate animals live in the region, which are of great commercial importance: elk, red deer, wild boar, wild reindeer, musk deer and Siberian roe deer .The regulation of the wild animals hunting is an essential condition for sustainable wildlife utilization and its preservation. Data of state monitoring of hunting resources is its basis. Therefore, the censuring is vitally important for hunting industry. One of the problems that have a negative impact on the development of the hunting economy is poaching, an increase in the volume of which, combined with other factors (loss and degradation of animal habitats), leads to a decrease in the number of commercial species. In this article an attempt to analyze the potential losses (damage) of wild ungulate animals in the territory was made on the basis of available methods, literature sources, and Hunting Service official data. The interconnection between the institutional system formed in hunting environmental management and ecological risks in hunting resource usage is analyzed. The aspects of poor efficiency of the institutional system are determined
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Coradi, Paulo C., Adílio F. Lacerda Filho, and Evandro C. Melo. "Quality of raw materials from different regions of Minas Gerais State utilized in ration industry." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 15, no. 4 (April 2011): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662011000400015.
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The present work aimed at evaluating the quality of raw materials destined for animal feed production, as well as the quality of corn produced in different areas of the Minas Gerais State. The study was conducted in a feed mill for poultry, with production capacity of 1,000 t d-1. Samples of corn, soybean, flours, animal meals, and feed, during the year of 2008 were collected for analysis of moisture, acidity, peroxides, crude protein, ethereal extract, and physical classification of the corn for "type". The collection of samples, physical-chemical analysis and classification of corn according to "type" were performed at the Industrial Laboratory and at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of Federal University of Viçosa. It was concluded that: raw materials meet the minimum demands of quality (with regards to physical-chemical and nutritional aspects); the corn grains and some by-products present high indexes of moisture and are subject to microbiological contamination during storage; the corn produced in the different areas of Minas Gerais State can be classified as "type 1" for commercialization.
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Carbajal-Gamboa, G. A., A. E. Ostolaza-Saz, D. A. Dueñas-Parapar, J. L. Casanova, and H. M. Gonzales-Molfino. "Bioprinting as a food production technique: conceptual and ethical aspects, advantages and disadvantages, and applications." Scientia Agropecuaria 13, no. 3 (August 8, 2022): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.021.
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3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry.
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Martínez, Guillermo, Manuel Merinero, María Pérez-Aranda, Eva María Pérez-Soriano, Tamara Ortiz, Belén Begines, and Ana Alcudia. "Environmental Impact of Nanoparticles’ Application as an Emerging Technology: A Review." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010166.
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The unique properties that nanoparticles exhibit, due to their small size, are the principal reason for their numerous applications, but at the same time, this might be a massive menace to the environment. The number of studies that assess the possible ecotoxicity of nanomaterials has been increasing over the last decade to determine if, despite the positive aspects, they should be considered a potential health risk. To evaluate their potential toxicity, models are used in all types of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to complex animal species. In order to better understand the environmental consequences of nanotechnology, this literature review aims to describe and classify nanoparticles, evaluating their life cycle, their environmental releasing capacity and the type of impact, particularly on living beings, highlighting the need to develop more severe and detailed legislation. Due to their diversity, nanoparticles will be discussed in generic terms focusing on the impact of a great variety of them, highlighting the most interesting ones for the industry.
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Strid, Anna, Elinor Hallström, Ulf Sonesson, Josefin Sjons, Anna Winkvist, and Marta Bianchi. "Sustainability Indicators for Foods Benefiting Climate and Health." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073621.
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New methods for combined evaluation of nutritional and environmental aspects of food products are needed to enable a transformation of dietary guidelines integrating both health and environmental perspectives. We evaluated two sustainability aspects; nutrition and climate impact, of foods commonly consumed in Sweden and the implications of using parallel or integrated assessments of these two aspects, also discussing the usability and suitability of these food sustainability indicators in relation to Swedish dietary guidelines, industry food product development, and consumer communication. There were large differences in both nutrient density and climate impact among the different foods. The parallel assessment easily visualized synergies and trade-offs between these two sustainability aspects for the different foods. Coherence with dietary guidelines was good, and suitability and usability deemed satisfying. The integrated indicator showed better coherence with dietary guidelines than indicators based solely on nutrient density or climate impact; however, the difficulty to interpret the score limits its usability in product development and consumer communication. With both methods, advantageous as well as less advantageous plant-based and animal-based food alternatives were suggested. The two alternative methods evaluated could serve as useful tools to drive individual and societal development towards more sustainable food production and consumption.
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Kieliszek, Marek, Kamil Piwowarek, Anna M. Kot, and Katarzyna Pobiega. "The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0099.
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AbstractCellular biomass of microorganisms can be effectively used in the treatment of waste from various branches of the agro-food industry. Urbanization processes and economic development, which have been intensifying in recent decades, lead to the degradation of the natural environment. In the first half of the 20th century, problems related to waste management were not as serious and challenging as they are today. The present situation forces the use of modern technologies and the creation of innovative solutions for environmental protection. Waste of industrial origin are difficult to recycle and require a high financial outlay, while the organic waste of animal and plant origins, such as potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose, is dominant. In this article, we describe the possibilities of using microorganisms for the utilization of various waste products. A solution to reduce the costs of waste disposal is the use of yeast biomass. Management of waste products using yeast biomass has made it possible to generate new metabolites, such as β-glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes, which have a wide range of industrial applications. Exploration and discovery of new areas of applications of yeast, fungal, and bacteria cells can lead to an increase in their effective use in many fields of biotechnology.
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Danilova, Anastasiya E., and Mikhail E. Tarasov. "REINDEER HUSBANDRY AS A MULTIFUNCTIONAL BRANCH OF AGRICULTURE IN THE FAR NORTH (REGIONAL ASPECT)." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/1, no. 124 (2022): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.04.01.020.
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In this article the author describes the main functions of agriculture from the perspective of the reindeer husbandry industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): industrial, geopolitical, environmental, socio-cultural and economic. From a practical point of view, the analysis helps to take into account the features of the multifunctional industry and form an additional source of information to ensure the development of the territory of the Far North, including to improve the program of state support for the development of agriculture. The authors also notes that in recent years the industry has been characterized by stagnation. The main reasons for the stagnation of livestock are: outdated material and technical base in reindeer herding farms, reindeer grazing, low level of staffing, various animal diseases.
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Pimenta, Carlos José, Caroline Lima Angélico, and Sára Maria Chalfoun. "Challengs in coffee quality: Cultural, chemical and microbiological aspects." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 4 (August 2018): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018424000118.
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ABSTRACT The Brazilian coffee industry is undergoing a great transformation in order to serve a consumer market that is becoming increasingly demanding with regard to quality. Considering the multiple determinants of the final quality of the product, one must consider factors that are involved in steps from the pre-harvest stage to storage. The execution of the different stages according to good-practice programmes has repercussions on microbiological, physical and chemical characteristics, which in turn affect the quality of the final product with regard to sensorial properties and safety. There has been research progress in the improvement of quality evaluation techniques that minimize the subjective effects of traditional classification. It is also observed that socio-environmental aspects of coffee production, while not the subject of this review, have broadened the concept of quality since an increasing number of consumers are interested in aspects regarding agricultural sustainability in addition to strictly sensorial aspects.
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Firmansyah, A. "Analysis of cleaner production potential and water footprint for small-scale sweet potato flour industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012012.
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Abstract Sweet potato flour is one of the derivative products of sweet potato, especially for raw materials or additives in the food industry. The processing of sweet potato-based products must also be balanced with existing environmental management. For this reason, there is a need for suitable methods to deal with processes that produce minimised wastes that harm the environment. Cleaner production is an approach that offers various environmental benefits for the sweet potato flour industry. Identification of cleaner production alternatives was carried out by the quick scan method for minimising the presence of waste in the sweet potato flour industry. The feasibility of the cleaner production design was analysed by considering technical, environmental, financial, and economic aspects. Identification of water use was done by calculating the water footprint in the whole production process. The water footprint was calculated by adding up the green, blue, and grey water footprints to obtain the total water usage in the production process. The use of water for planting sweet potato (green water) is estimated to be approx. 1.093 m3/ton of sweet potato flour. With a sweet potato flour yield of 50.8%, the production of sweet potato flour requires a water volume (blue water) of 1.32 m3/ton of sweet potato flour. The following cleaner production alternatives were identified as prospective for waste minimisation in the small-scale industry, including good manufacturing practices, repairing flour machines, drying using a greenhouse, training in the selection of raw materials and training in standard operating procedures (SOPs) for flour production, and utilisation of sweet potato peel as animal feed. With the implementation of cleaner production and more efficient use of water, it is expected that the sweet potato flour industry will become a more sustainable industry.
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Shcherbak, O. V., and S. I. Kovtun. "SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF TROTSKYI PETRO ANATOLIYOVYCH – THE MASTER OF AGRICULTURE (to the 55th anniversary of the birth)." Animal Breeding and Genetics 63 (August 9, 2022): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.63.16.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the scientific achievements of P. A. Trotskyi, the Master of Agriculture, the biotechnologist in the field of animal husbandry, and his contribution to the development of research in biotechnology, the preservation of the gene pool of agricultural animals. Research methods are general scientific (analysis, bibliographic), retrospective and source studies.
The scientific novelty of the article lies in the presentation of the results of P. A. Trotskyi's scientific works, which contribute to solving the problem of preserving animal husbandry resources and improving methods of long-term preservation of genetic material. Among them: the development of new biotechnological methods of cryopreservation of gametes of farm animals to implement the objectives of the methodology of the Bank of Animal Genetic Resources at the cellular level using embryological genetics methods; the use of deconserved oocytes for the rational use of the genetic potential of highly productive and breeding females and obtaining more offspring from them.
The researcher was directly involved in the development of methodological aspects of the preservation of the gene pool of farm animals, which include a description of the main stages of obtaining embryos of farm animals in vivo and in vitro, their quality assessment and cryopreservation procedures. One of the main ways of implementing industry-wide programs to preserve and maintain the diversity and specificity of gene pool objects is the functioning of the Bank of Animal Genetic Resources. Together with his colleagues, the scientist defined its role in programs of cryopreservation of genetic resources, described the main requirements for the physical structure of the bank, its tasks and functions in the system of preservation, reproduction and selection of agricultural animals.
The results of P. A. Trotskyi's scientific developments were taken into account in the preparation of "Methods of scientific research on breeding, genetics and biotechnology in animal husbandry" (2005) and "Program for the preservation of the gene pool of the main species of agricultural animals in Ukraine for the period until 2015" (2009). With the participation of the scientist, a cryocollection of 44 eggs of the Myrhorod breed was created in the Bank of Animal Genetic Resources, which is necessary for the accelerated recovery and preservation of local pig breeds of Ukraine. Based on the functioning of the Bank, the methodology of cryopreservation of genetic resources of agricultural animals will be implemented, including as "virtual gene pool cryoherds".
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Finnegan, William, Eoghan Clifford, Jamie Goggins, Niall O'Leary, Alan Dobson, Neil Rowan, Liwen Xiao, et al. "DairyWater: striving for sustainability within the dairy processing industry in the Republic of Ireland." Journal of Dairy Research 85, no. 3 (August 2018): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029918000614.
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This Review describes the objectives and methodology of the DairyWater project as it aims to aid the Irish dairy processing industry in achieving sustainability as it expands. With the abolition of European milk quotas in March 2015, the Republic of Ireland saw a surge in milk production. The DairyWater project was established in anticipation of this expansion of the Irish dairy sector in order to develop innovative solutions for the efficient management of water consumption, wastewater treatment and the resulting energy use within the country's dairy processing industry. Therefore, the project can be divided into three main thematic areas: dairy wastewater treatment technologies and microbial analysis, water re-use and rainwater harvesting and environmental assessment. In order to ensure the project remains as relevant as possible to the industry, a project advisory board containing key industry stakeholders has been established. To date, a number of large scale studies, using data obtained directly from the Irish dairy industry, have been performed. Additionally, pilot-scale wastewater treatment (intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor) and tertiary treatment (flow-through pulsed ultraviolet system) technologies have been demonstrated within the project. Further details on selected aspects of the project are discussed in greater detail in the subsequent cluster of research communications.
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Kolobova, Svetlana Vitalevna. "Development of Composition and Technology of Wood-Slag Composite Material." Key Engineering Materials 802 (May 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.802.31.
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The most urgent task in the construction industry today is energy saving at all stages: from the production of building materials, products and structures to the construction of buildings and their operation. Combining these problems forms one of the directions of innovation policy of the majority of subjects of the Russian Federation – strengthening of local capacity and demonstration of solutions to improve energy and resource saving in construction. Building materials industry-one of the leading sectors of the economy, which is quite effectively uses secondary products of many industries for the production of various building materials. Development of production of building materials in this direction is associated with many aspects: the depletion of natural resources, high energy intensity of a number of technological processes of extraction and processing of raw materials; threat to environmental safety of the Russian Federation; lack of waste disposal sites; negative impact on the air, water and plant environment, human and animal health.
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Bayona Roa, Camilo, Alberth Renne Gonzalez Caranton, José lLuis Orellano, Diego Fernando Aparicio Camacho, and Juan Felipe Orozco. "Nanostructured coating, Agricultural Biomass, Organic Rankine Cycle." TECCIENCIA 33, no. 17 (August 2, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.1b.
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The transformation and use of agricultural and agro-industrial biomass has been the focus of study in recent years, due to its treatment and use in value-added products such as liquid, solid and gaseous fuels. Molecules such as hydrogen, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, oxygen, and oxygenated compounds present in the liquid phase of biomass currently represent opportunities for synthesis of green fuels and inputs for the industry. In this work was discussed the main aspects for Animal Biomass transformations from a perspective based on Biooils composition obtained from different thermochemical methods, containing model molecules, useful for biofuels synthesis for transportation.
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DI LORETO, A., R. DI SILVESTRO, G. DINELLI, V. BREGOLA, V. STENICO, R. E. SFERRAZZA, I. MAROTTI, R. QUINN, and S. BOSI. "Nutritional and nutraceutical aspects of KAMUT® khorasan wheat grown during the last two decades." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 6 (February 14, 2017): 954–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961700003x.
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SUMMARYRecently, organic farming systems have attracted the attention of consumers because of their low environmental impact. Organic agriculture is a valid alternative to conventional farming and ancient wheat, such as KAMUT® khorasan wheat (T. turgidum ssp. turanicum), has emerged as an industry leader for its nutritional and functional properties (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and prebiotic).The aim of the present study was to evaluate environmental effects on the quality of KAMUT® khorasan grains harvested in the last two decades (1989–2012) on one farm in Montana (USA), through the evaluation of phytochemical accumulation. Results revealed high variability in the amounts of macronutrients and nutraceuticals. In particular, from 1989 to 2012, there was a decreasing trend in starch content (ranging from 70·87 to 50·54/100 g) and amylose (from 41·48 to 31·46% of total starch) with a slight increase of insoluble dietary fibre (from 12·14 to 17·75/100 g). The soluble dietary fibre content varied among the years of cultivation even if the general trend remained constant (4·57–2·82/100 g). High variability of total polyphenols content was observed with the free soluble fraction present at lower levels than bound polyphenols (BP). Moreover, an inverse correlation between free and BP was observed. The results obtained in the present study show that the influence of environmental conditions plays a fundamental role in the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in wheat kernels and strongly modulate the nutritional and nutraceutical value of flour.
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Hiz, Meliha Merve, and Cüneyt Aki. "The Nightmare: Genetically Modified Organisms as Alien Species." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0008.
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AbstractBiotechnological applications in medicine, industry and agriculture allow the economic production of important products, thus influencing national economy and revenue. Genetic modifications on microorganisms, plants and animals are major techniques to produce a desirable trait or product in biotechnological applications. However, GMOs also give rise to severe debate on aspects such as safety and environmental impact of transgenic products. In general these controversies arise as a result of misinformation. Ethical, legal and socially acceptable aspects of GMOs are strongly influenced by social, economic and political conditions, owing to the strong economic impact of high incomes for biotechnology companies
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López-Gálvez, Francisco, Perla A. Gómez, Francisco Artés, Francisco Artés-Hernández, and Encarna Aguayo. "Interactions between Microbial Food Safety and Environmental Sustainability in the Fresh Produce Supply Chain." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071655.
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Improving the environmental sustainability of the food supply chain will help to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This environmental sustainability is related to different SDGs, but mainly to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The strategies and measures used to improve this aspect of the food supply chain must remain in balance with other sustainability aspects (economic and social). In this framework, the interactions and possible conflicts between food supply chain safety and sustainability need to be assessed. Although priority must be given to safety aspects, food safety policies should be calibrated in order to avoid unnecessary deleterious effects on the environment. In the present review, a number of potential tensions and/or disagreements between the microbial safety and environmental sustainability of the fresh produce supply chain are identified and discussed. The addressed issues are spread throughout the food supply chain, from primary production to the end-of-life of the products, and also include the handling and processing industry, retailers, and consumers. Interactions of fresh produce microbial safety with topics such as food waste, supply chain structure, climate change, and use of resources have been covered. Finally, approaches and strategies that will prove useful to solve or mitigate the potential contradictions between fresh produce safety and sustainability are described and discussed. Upon analyzing the interplay between microbial safety and the environmental sustainability of the fresh produce supply chain, it becomes clear that decisions that are taken to ensure fresh produce safety must consider the possible effects on environmental, economic, and social sustainability aspects. To manage these interactions, a global approach considering the interconnections between human activities, animals, and the environment will be required.
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Yavorovskiy, Oleksandr, Sergii Omelchuk, Lyudmyla Sokurenko, Tetyana Zinchenko, Nina Solokha, Vasyl Aleksiichuk, and Roman Brukhno. "ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS OF METAL NANOCOMPOUNDS PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION: HYGIENIC, CLINICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 8 (2019): 1504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201908117.
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Introduction: Nanometals are the most common nanoobjects, used nearly in all industrial branches. Considerable advances in the nanotechnological production have led to progressive use of nanomaterials in industry, though occupational safety of the nanoindustry staff is insufficiently studied. The aim: Estimation of labor safety during production of metal nanoparticles for the purpose of defining necessary and efficient preventive measures. Materials and methods: The personnel of the hygienic departments of the O.Bogomolets National medical university have conducted numerous physiological, hygienic, biochemical, morphological and toxicological studies. The scientists have studied and revealed hazardous workplace factors of various metal nanoparticle production technologies, particularly those of metal nanoparticles: nanosilver, titanium nitride, chromium disilicide, lead sulphide, etc. Results and conclusions: The authors have developed method of the occupational exposure metal nanoparticles exposure air control, assessed and analyzed health of the personnel engaged in production of the nanometals. The paper contains data of the blood cells functional activity assessment, with the detected possible molecular nanoparticles toxicity mechanisms due to the altered gene expression. The authors have studied effect of nanoaerosols onto the laboratory rats respiratory organs, evaluated their blood biochemical characteristics, liver lipid content of fatty acids as well as defined morpho-functional hepatic transformations of the laboratory animals which underwent lead sulfide nanoparticles treatment.
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Fernyhough, Mia, Christine J. Nicol, Teun van de Braak, Michael J. Toscano, and Morten Tønnessen. "The Ethics of Laying Hen Genetics." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09810-2.
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AbstractDespite societal concerns about the welfare of commercial laying hens, little attention has been paid to the welfare implications of the choices made by the genetics companies involved with their breeding. These choices regarding trait selection and other aspects of breeding significantly affect living conditions for the more than 7 billion laying hens in the world. However, these companies must consider a number of different commercial and societal interests, beyond animal welfare concerns. In this article we map some of the relevant dilemmas faced by genetics companies in order to outline the scope of opportunities to improve welfare under current market conditions. This includes identifying cases where different animal welfare concerns conflict. We discuss the moral responsibility of laying hen genetics companies and the welfare implications that derive from the choices they make and the policies they follow. In addition to evaluating a selection of predominant current practices and breeding goals, we outline different angles from where to assess the moral legitimacy of various industry practices and policies. We discuss specific issues such as injurious pecking, bone health, induced moulting, chick culling and the circumstances of breeding stock.
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Ventura, Ricardo V., Rafael Z. Lopes, Lucas T. Andrietta, Fernando Bussiman, Julio Balieiro, Roberto carvalheiro, Fabyano Silva, Luiz Brito, and Anderson Alves. "402 Audio information retrieval for describing gait patterns in Brazilian horses." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.048.
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Abstract The Brazilian gaited horse industry is growing steadily, even after a recession period that affected different economic sectors in the whole country. Recent numbers suggested an increase on the exports, which reveals the relevance of this horse market segment. Horses are classified according to the gait criteria, which divide the horses in two groups associated with the animal movements: lateral (Marcha Picada) or diagonal (Marcha_Batida). These two gait groups usually show remarkable differences related to speed and number of steps per fixed unit of time, among other factors. Audio retrieval refers to the process of information extraction obtained from audio signals. This new data analysis area, in comparison to traditional methods to evaluate and classify gait types (as, for example, human subjective evaluation and video monitoring), provides a potential method to collect phenotypes in a reduced cost manner. Audio files (n = 80) were obtained after extracting audio features from freely available YouTube videos. Videos were manually labeled according to the two gait groups (Marcha Picada or Marcha Batida) and thirty animals were used after a quality control filter step. This study aimed to investigate different metrics associated with audio signal processing, in order to first cluster animals according to the gait type and subsequently include additional traits that could be useful to improve accuracy during the identification of genetically superior animals. Twenty-eight metrics, based on frequency or physical audio aspects, were carried out individually or in groups of relative importance to perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA), as well as to describe the two gait types. The PCA results indicated that over 87% of the animals were correctly clustered. Challenges regarding environmental interferences and noises must be further investigated. These first findings suggest that audio information retrieval could potentially be implemented in animal breeding programs, aiming to improve horse gait.
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van Huis, A., B. A. Rumpold, H. J. van der Fels-Klerx, and J. K. Tomberlin. "Advancing edible insects as food and feed in a circular economy." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 5 (August 13, 2021): 935–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.x005.
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An overview is given of the special issue on edible insects covering a number of aspects along the value change. The articles presented cover topics about producing insects both as food for humans and feed for animals, ranging from environmental impact, facility design, (left-over) substrates, the role of microbes, genetics, diseases, nutrition, to insect welfare. Possible health benefits of insects for humans and animals are discussed as well as the potential dangers in terms of allergies and chemical/biological contaminants. Regulatory frameworks are examined and assessed for remaining obstacles. The technologies dealing with the processing and extraction of proteins, lipids, and chitin were also reviewed. Consumers’ perception of insect-derived food products is discussed as well. A unique aspect of this special issue within the ‘Journal of Insects as Food and Feed’ is a first attempt to discuss the economics of the industry. The special issue concludes with a discussion of policy and challenges facing the sector.
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Pepko, V. O., S. V. Zhigalyuk, and R. M. Sachuk. "Environmental and sanitary and hygienic aspects of the prevention of wild helminthosis in the contemporary climate change." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 26, 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-3.10.
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The intensification of the hunting industry leads to an increase in the number of animals and creates conditions for the spread of invasions, incl. helminthic. The transboundary position of the Western regions of Ukraine contributes to the expansion of the species composition and habitats of helminths, which in the current climate change can complicate the epizootic situation of dangerous invasions. On the basis of the literature and the results of our own research, potential risks to the hunting economy for the emergence of new helminthiasis caused by the species-species have been identified. In the work the influence on the helminth fauna of ungulates, kept under conditions in the aviary, modifying and regulating environmental factors, is analyzed. The modern changes in the phenology and ontogeny of pathogens of mass infestations, first of all in geo-helminths, have been investigated. For the causative agent of dictiocaulosis, prolongation of the seasonality of invasion by larvae has been established. It is shown that the decrease in the extent and intensity of invasion of individual trematodes correlates with the dynamics of their intermediate hosts. The data on the effectiveness of remediation with aqueous solutions of polyhexamethyleneguanidine chloride, landing sites were obtained by decontamination of soil in wildlife clusters, in order to minimize their infestation by nematode larvae. The proposed remedy is an organic compound, does not scare away animals, but by contacting organic and inorganic constituents of the soil and lose their potential toxicity. Efficiency of destruction of larvae of Strongylid and Strongylate in the sample ranged from 78 % to 87 %, and in the surface (up to 5 cm) soil layers – 96–100 %. Research findings should be reflected in planned antiparasitic measures.
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Makowska, Krystyna, Julia Martín, Andrzej Rychlik, Irene Aparicio, Juan Luis Santos, Esteban Alonso, and Sławomir Gonkowski. "Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084600.
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Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance widely used in the plastics industry. It penetrates food and environment and, as an endocrine disruptor, has detrimental effects on human organisms. Pet animals, which live in the immediate vicinity of humans, are also exposed to BPA; however, knowledge regarding the exposure of dogs to this substance is extremely scarce. This is the first study in which hair analysis has been used to biomonitor BPA in 30 dogs using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The presence of BPA in concentration levels above the method detection limit (1.25 ng/g) was noted in 93.33% of samples. BPA concentration levels were found to range from 7.05 ng/g to 436 ng/g (mean 81.30 ng/g). Statistically significant differences in BPA concentration levels were found between animals with physiological weight and animals with abnormal weight (skinny and obese). In turn, differences between males and females, as well as between young, middle-aged and old dogs, were not statistically significant. The obtained results have clearly shown that hair analysis is a useful method to evaluate the exposure of dogs to BPA. This study also confirmed that dogs are exposed to BPA to a large extent, and this substance may play a role as a pathological factor in this animal species. However, many aspects connected to the influence of BPA on canine health status are unclear and need further study.
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Luz, Janayna Rodrigues de Morais, and Isabel Lausanne Fontgalland. "Payment for environmental service, fair value and market value: a typological study of paper segment industry / Pagamento por serviço ambiental, valor justo e valor de mercado: um estudo tipológico da indústria do segmento de papel." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 12851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-292.
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Payment for Environmental Services became law in Brazil in 2021 (14,119/21). Thus, a milestone is installed in the treatment of relevant environmental aspects. In this context, the quality of environmental information must be seen as a business language at the international level. Therefore, this research seeks to investigate it seeks to understand the typological alignment applied in the texts of Law 14.119/21 in relation to the theoretical framework on the IFRS standard that deals with fair value: Fair value CPC 46 - Fair Value Measurements (financial instruments); IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement and Biological Assets (Plants and Animals) CPC 29 - IAS 41. For methodology, case studies were used with Klabin SA as the object and an analysis of the document type was also carried out in the text of the Payment Law environmental services (PSA) and the quarterly report of a potentially polluting company in the pulp and paper segment. Through the discussions and the results, it was possible to verify that some aspects related to financial information (fair value and market value) were not taken into account in the wording of the aforementioned Law. It was also observed that the PES Law outlines more environmental issues than those observed by the company in question.
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Agus, Cahyono, Pita Asih Bekti Cahyanti, Bambang Suhartanto, and Pipit Noviyani. "Organic Waste Management and Integrated Bio-Cycle Farming System for Sustainable Development in Tropical Ecosystem." Applied Mechanics and Materials 898 (May 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.898.45.
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The tropical ecosystem had high biomass productivity but still less in economic values. Integrated Bio-cycle Farming System (IBFS) was an alternative system that harmoniously combines agricultural sectors (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, plantation estate, horticulture) and non-agricultural aspects (industry, household, infrastructure, the marketplace) on integrated ecological management. The key characteristics of IBFS developed in UGM University Farm were (i) an integration of agriculture and non-agriculture sector, (ii) value of environment, esthetics and economics, (iii) rotation and diversity of plants, (iv) artificial and functional biotechnology, (v) management of closed organic cycle, (vi) ecosystem health management, (vii) agropolitan concept, (viii) specific management of plant and (ix) holistic and integrated system. The management of cycle of energy, organic matter and carbon, water, nutrient, production, crop, money conducted through 9R (reuse, reduce, recycle, refill, replace, repair, replant, rebuild, reward) to obtain optimal benefits for global environment and livelihood. The system had a sustainable multifunction and multi-product (food, feed, fuel, fiber, fertilizer, biopharma, water, energy, oxygen, edutainment, eco-tourism). They would meet the expected basic need for daily-, monthly-, yearly- and decade’s income at short-, medium- and long- term periods. IBFS was a good prospect for sustainable economic, environmental, and socio-culture aspects.
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Ramukumba, Takalani. "Tourism and Aldo Leopold’s Environmental Ethics: A Review." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 11(1)2022 (February 28, 2022): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.221.
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The tourism industry's substantial reliance on the natural environment continues to raise debates with spatial and temporal aspects. There have been debates around the ethics of using sentient animals as attractions; using nature as a resource to suit tourist requirements; using the environment as a pollutant sink, and using a carbon-centric transportation system as concerns mount on how nature is misused in tourism. As we have grown more aware of the co-dependency of our relationship with nature as a result of the environmental issues posed by human activities, we have to re-evaluate our ethical relationship with nature. However, while a critical review of the application of environmental ethics is crucial to tourism's interaction with nature, there has been a considerable effort of studies done in tourism studies. Tourism is at the crossroads of several important ethical concerns, including good environmental and natural resources management, respect for and empowerment of local populations, the necessity of development and property rights, and the consequences of commodification and globalization. This paper adopted a methodology of the review of the very scarce literature available on ethics and tourism based on Aldo Leopold’s environmental ethics. The review of the available literature leads to a conclusion that very little has been done to include the ethical environmental principles suggested by Aldo Leopold by the tourism industry for its benefits.
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Johnson, Myriah D., José C. Dubeux, and Alan J. Franzluebbers. "2 Conducting and Communicating Environmental Impacts of Research: Forage Production, Soil Health, Sustainability." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.074.
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Abstract Sustainability research is complex and involves the evaluation of tradeoffs. Environmental, economic, and social aspects should ideally be considered. Even when one only pillar of sustainability is evaluated, results should be assessed within the broader context of overall sustainability. Environmental impacts from forage and livestock systems, as well as confined animal feeding operations, can be positive and negative, depending on the type of operation, environmental setting, weather episodes, and management conditions. These systems also have associated social and economic impacts. As in all agricultural management systems, there are likely to be hotspots of damage due to a particular management style combined with the right soil, landscape, and climatic conditions. Widespread, positive benefits of pasture-based management are possible when forage resources are utilized ideally with best grazing management principles leading to enhanced soil organic carbon storage, high water infiltration, efficient nutrient cycling, and minimal water and nutrient runoff into nearby water bodies. Research to quantify the environmental impacts of livestock management systems can be designed in detail on research stations to understand the direct implications of management differences on plant biomass production that captures atmospheric CO2, on carbon stored in soil organic matter, and on greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant livestock fed controlled diets. On-farm research is also valuable to characterize the impacts of a particular style of management across a diversity of environments using a system-level approach integrated across the farm. Communication strategies engaging major stakeholders from the livestock industry are key to deliver a consistent message to the general public. Perceived benefits, challenges, and opportunities must be science based, seeking opportunities to reduce negative impacts, and enhancing the positive ones. Messaging to the lay audience about environmental impacts can be focused on solutions from positive benefits or problems from negative effects, but should also address economic and social components.
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Harris, N. Beth, and Raúl G. Barletta. "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisin Veterinary Medicine." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.3.489-512.2001.
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SUMMARY Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of a severe gastroenteritis in ruminants known as Johne's disease. Economic losses to the cattle industry in the United States are staggering, reaching $1.5 billion annually. A potential pathogenic role in humans in the etiology of Crohn's disease is under investigation. In this article, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and disease control measures of this important veterinary pathogen. We emphasize molecular genetic aspects including the description of markers used for strain identification, diagnostics, and phylogenetic analysis. Recent important advances in the development of animal models and genetic systems to study M. paratuberculosis virulence determinants are also discussed. We conclude with proposals for the applications of these models and recombinant technology to the development of diagnostic, control, and therapeutic measures.
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Mundstock Xavier de Carvalho, Miguel. "Science and Agribusiness in the History of Pig Factory Farming in Ontario." Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i2.p187-199.
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The article explores some of the connections between science and agribusiness in the history of pig factory farming in Ontario, Canada, between the 1950s and the present. The factory farm model of pig production submits animals to a very artificial way of life, which would not be possible without the inputs of scientific and technological innovations of the 20th century. Topics discussed include the use of antibiotics, swine nutrition, feed conversion (in)efficiency, and pork promotion and consumption. The primary sources utilized are a trade magazine, a census of agriculture, and other government and industry publications. The article sheds light on how notions such as “progress”, “improvement”, “modern” or “efficiency”, frequently used by scientists when referring to results of pig production, are restricted to narrow or internal considerations of the industry that, in turn, can be challenged by broader analysis of aspects (social, economic, environmental) of the food system. Scientists have not just produced scientific knowledge but in some cases have also promoted ideologies about animals and the food system. These ideologies of “progress”, “improvement”, “modern” or “efficiency”, as in the context of pig production in Ontario, only make sense if we understand the particular historical moment in the analysis, which since the 1950s has markedly been one of strong agribusiness interventionism.
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Leal Filho, Walter. "The baltic environmental information dissemination system: using environmental informatics as a tool for sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region." Scientia Agricola 59, no. 3 (September 2002): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162002000300029.
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The on-going economic development of EU-countries as well of the countries in the C&E European region has been leading to a significant use of a great deal of natural resources as well as to noticeable environmental problems. The lack of a wide-spread environmental awareness from the side of those acting in various sectors (industry, public administration, users) sometimes inhibit the implementation of legislation already available as well as the introduction of new technologies deriving, from example, from marine research. An example of this state of affairs is seen in respect of the implementation of the recommendations deriving from Baltic 21 and VASAB 2010, which illustrate the advantages from a cross-sectorial, open mechanism for the dissemination of environmental information in the region. There are various organisations today which act as suppliers of environmental information in the Baltic Sea Region. However, few, if any, are providers concerned with the various ways in which information on matters related to sustainable development is being used by various groups and audiences. This state of affairs makes it necessary to enhance the current mechanisms and approaches in place, so as to enable the wide-range of environmental information available today from areas such as marine research, to be more widely used. It is equally important that the didactic or educational potential of such information be exploited, so as to not only inform, but also to educate various groups and the general public on matters concerned with the environment in European closed seas and give information to planners and politicians to prepare decisions. In order to address such needs, the project "Baltic Environmental Information Dissemination System (BEIDS)" was set in motion. BEIDS has been taking advantage of the most modern information technologies and has been acting as a focal point for the circulation of intelligent information on aspects of the marine environment, but also emphasising related areas such as transport and sustainable development issues, among a sample of six BSR countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden (EU) and Lithuania and Poland (non-EU), contributing to networking and know-how exchange, complementing efforts towards transregional cooperation in sustainable spatial planning on the basis of Baltic 21. The results reached to date include: increased awareness of matters related to sustainable development in the six participant countries; enhanced communication exchange and networking among the sample nations; improved information flow and increased participation in events, activities and programmes across the Baltic Sea Region. BEIDS is a prime example of the feasibility of using environmental informatics as a tool for sustainable development.
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Alzahrani, Khalid J. "Microbiome Studies from Saudi Arabia over the Last 10 Years: Achievements, Gaps, and Future Directions." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102021.
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In the past ten years, microbiome studies have shown tremendous potentiality for implementation of understanding microbiome structures and functions of various biomes and application of this knowledge for human betterment. Saudi Arabia is full of geographical, ecological, ethnical, and industrial diversities and scientific capacities. Therefore, there is a great potential in Saudi Arabia to conduct and implement microbiome-based research and applications. However, there is no review available on where Saudi Arabia stands with respect to global microbiome research trends. This review highlights the metagenome-assisted microbiome research from Saudi Arabia compared to the global focuses on microbiome research. Further, it also highlights the gaps and areas that should be focused on by Saudi microbiome researchers and the possible initiatives to be taken by Saudi government and universities. This literature review shows that the global trends of microbiome research cover a broad spectrum of human and animal health conditions and diseases, environmental and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, surveillance of food and food processing, production of novel industrial enzymes and bioactive pharmaceutical products, and space applications. However, Saudi microbiome studies are mostly confined to very few aspects of health (human and animal) and environment/ecology in last ten years, without much application. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should focus more on applied microbiome research through government, academic, and industry initiatives and global cooperation to match the global trends.
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Mohammadabadi, Mohammad Reza. "ROLE OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IN PATHOGENICITY OF SOME DOMESTIC ANIMALS." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v7i3.6325.
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Clostridium perfringens, is an anaerobic, gram-positive, pathogenic and spore-forming bacillus and broadly gave out in our territory. This bacterium has spore formation capability and creating gangrene and gastrointestinal disease, for example food poisoning and necrotic enteritis in human, whilst in other animals, gastrointestinal and enterotoxemic diseases more happening. Prevalence of necrotic enteritis, created by C. perfringens, has been often stated in sheep, chickens and ostrich throughout the world. The most critical problem for epidemiological investigations and vaccines improvement is accurate recognition of C. perfringens variants. Moreover, Small ruminants, especially native breed types, play an important role to the livelihoods of a considerable part of human population in the tropics from socio-economic aspects. Therefore, integrated attempt in terms of management and genetic improvement to enhance production is of crucial importance. Poultry provide humans with companionship, food and fiber in the form of eggs, meat and feathers. Many people love to raise and show chickens and other poultry species at fairs and other poultry shows. Others just love to raise them for backyard pets and for fresh eggs every day. In the last few years, ostrich farming has progressed dramatically and the world ostrich industry has achieved some economic stability. There is considerable scope for improvement in the areas of artificial incubation, chick nutrition, environmental requirements and selective breeding. Hence, the aim of this paper was to study role of Clostridium perfringens in pathogenicity of sheep, broilers and Ostrich. In conclusion, recognition of toxins producing by C. perfringens is very momentous because their toxin types are related to particular gastric and intestinal animal sickness and PCR has become an essential research and diagnostic tool, being a powerful technique with a vast and increasing range of applications. Hence, it is better that animal breeders identify different types of C. perfringens using PCR technique to prevent the damage caused by this bacterium.
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Roura, E., and M. Navarro. "Physiological and metabolic control of diet selection." Animal Production Science 58, no. 4 (2018): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16775.
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The fact that most farm animals have no dietary choice under commercial practices translates the dietary decisions to the carers. Thus, a lack of understanding of the principles of dietary choices is likely to result in a high toll for the feed industry. In healthy animals, diet selection and, ultimately, feed intake is the result of factoring together the preference for the feed available with the motivation to eat. Both are dynamic states and integrate transient stimulus derived from the nutritional status, environmental and social determinants of the animal with hard-wired genetic mechanisms. Peripheral senses are the primary inputs that determine feed preferences. Some of the sensory aspects of feed, such as taste, are innate and genetically driven, keeping the hedonic value of feed strictly associated with a nutritional frame. Sweet, umami and fat tastes are all highly appetitive. They stimulate reward responses from the brain and reinforce dietary choices related to essential nutrients. In contrast, aroma (smell) recognition is a plastic trait and preferences are driven mostly by learned experience. Maternal transfer through perinatal conditioning and the individual’s own innate behaviour to try or to avoid novel feed (often termed as neophobia) are known mechanisms where the learning process strongly affects preferences. In addtition, the motivation to eat responds to episodic events fluctuating in harmony with the eating patterns. These signals are driven mainly by gastrointestinal hormones (such as cholecystokinin [CCK] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1]) and load. In addition, long-term events generate mechanisms for a sustainable nutritional homeostasis managed by tonic signals from tissue stores (i.e. leptin and insulin). Insulin and leptin are known to affect appetite by modulating peripheral sensory inputs. The study of chemosensory mechanisms related to the nutritional status of the animal offers novel tools to understand the dynamic states of feed choices so as to meet nutritional and hedonic needs. Finally, a significant body of literature exists regarding appetite driven by energy and amino acids in farm animals. However, it is surprising that there is scarcity of knowledge regarding what and how specific dietary nutrients may affect satiety. Thus, a better understanding on how bitter compounds and excess dietary nutrients (i.e. amino acids) play a role in no-choice animal feeding is an urgent topic to be addressed so that right choices can be made on the animal’s behalf.
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Tallaksen, Joel. "189 Swine Production and Greenhouse Gases." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.150.
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Abstract Like much of agriculture, the swine industry is being asked to improve the sustainability of their production systems. In an integrated project, swine researchers, agronomists, and renewable energy scientists collected data to analyze the greenhouse gas and fossil energy footprints from Minnesota commercial swine production facilities as well as cropping and swine production data from the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center. These environmental impacts were assessed using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in a cradle to farm gate study that examined the impacts on a per unit of liveweight pork produced basis. In the average commercial system, the GHG emissions were 2.41 kg CO2 equiv. per kg hog LW, with 75% emitted during the grow-finish phase, 6% in farrowing, 9% in the nursery phase, 7% in gestation, and 2% in gilt development. GHG emissions for direct operation of swine facilities were 0.15 kg CO2 equiv. per kg and accounted for 6% of emissions in the average commercial scenario. The majority of GHG emissions were in the production of crops and the breakdown of manure during storage. This talk will explore the methods, data, and results from this study and other similar environmental impact studies for swine production. It will also discuss how producers can measure impacts at their farms and implement changes to improve their environmental impacts. An important consideration in the discussion is the ability of producers to directly reduce fossil energy and its carbon footprint, because fossil energy consumption impacts both the environmental and economic aspects of swine production.
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Varelas. "Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review." Fermentation 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5030081.
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About one-third of the food produced annually worldwide ends up as waste. A minor part of this waste is used for biofuel and compost production, but most is landfilled, causing environmental damage. Mass production of edible insects for human food and livestock feed seems a sustainable solution to meet demand for animal-based protein, which is expected to increase due to rapid global population growth. The aim of this review was to compile up-to-date information on mass rearing of edible insects for food and feed based on food wastes. The use and the potential role of the fermentation process in edible insect mass production and the potential impact of this rearing process in achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable food industry was also assessed. Food waste comprises a huge nutrient stock that could be valorized to feed nutritionally flexible edible insects. Artificial diets based on food by-products for black soldier fly, house fly, mealworm, and house cricket mass production have already been tested with promising results. The use of fermentation and fermentation by-products can contribute to this process and future research is proposed towards this direction. Part of the sustainability of the food sector could be based on the valorization of food waste for edible insect mass production. Further research on functional properties of reared edible insects, standardization of edible insects rearing techniques, safety control aspects, and life cycle assessments is needed for an insect-based food industry.
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Pearse, A. J. "What has made deer farming in New Zealand so successful? The importance of venison quality, understanding the industry, the market and the biology of the animals." Rangifer 10, no. 5 (September 1, 1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.10.5.943.
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In summarising these aspects of success within the NZ deer industry we can note: (1) NZ traditional farming skills of pasture based production have been readily adapted to deer farming. (2) The industry has grown with strength through the diversity of its participants, leading farmers, innovative researchers, business investors and leaders and the NZDFA and its membership. All are united in their determination that market signals, rather than farm production demands should shape the development of venison supply and presentation. (3) The frank and rapid exchange of research results, farmer innovation, market information and exchange of experience and ideas within the industry. (4) The overwhelming commitment to quality production. Biologically, deer has their own contributing attributes: (a) they are intelligent and easy to farm; (b) they are efficient converters of pasture and supplements to venison or to progeny; (c) they thrive throughout NZ varied agricultural terrain on native grasses or improved pasture, and have a healthy and long productive life; (d) they have enormous climatic and environmental tolerance, a defined breeding season and predictable calving pattern; (e) they are immensely seasonal, and now, when feeding and breeding requirements are well understood in terms of that seasonality, productive growth targets are readily set and achieved to accommodate the market signal; (f) they are simple to manage with a minimum of labour and physical inputs.
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Wang, Yanwen, Sean Tibbetts, and Patrick McGinn. "Microalgae as Sources of High-Quality Protein for Human Food and Protein Supplements." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123002.
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As a result of population growth, an emerging middle-class, and a more health-conscious society concerned with overconsumption of fats and carbohydrates, dietary protein intake is on the rise. To address this rapid change in the food market, and the subsequent high demand for protein products, agriculture, aquaculture, and the food industry have been working actively in recent years to increase protein product output from both production and processing aspects. Dietary proteins derived from animal sources are of the highest quality, containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids that generally exceed those of other food sources. However, as a result of studies highlighting low production efficiency (e.g., feed to food conversion) and significant environmental impacts, together with the negative health impacts associated with the dietary intake of some animal products, especially red meats, the consumption of animal proteins has been remaining steady or even declining over the past few decades. To fill this gap, researchers and product development specialists at all levels have been working closely to discover new sources of protein, such as plant-based ingredients. In this regard, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops, which, due to their vast biological diversity, have distinctive phenotypic traits and interactions with the environment in the production of biomass and protein, offering possibilities of production of large quantities of microalgal protein through manipulating growing systems and conditions and bioengineering technologies. Despite this, microalgae remain underexploited crops and research into their nutritional values and health benefits is in its infancy. In fact, only a small handful of microalgal species are being produced at a commercial scale for use as human food or protein supplements. This review is intended to provide an overview on microalgal protein content, its impact by environmental factors, its protein quality, and its associated evaluation methods. We also attempt to present the current challenges and future research directions, with a hope to enhance the research, product development, and commercialization, and ultimately meet the rapidly increasing market demand for high-quality protein products.
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Boukid, Fatma, and Mohammed Gagaoua. "Vegan Egg: A Future-Proof Food Ingredient?" Foods 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020161.
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Vegan eggs are designed with the aim to provide a healthier and more sustainable alternative to regular eggs. The major drivers of this industry are the increasing prevalence of egg allergies, awareness towards environmental sustainability, and the shift to vegan diets. This study intends to discuss, for the first time, the vegan egg market, including their formulation, nutritional aspects, and some applications (i.e., mayonnaise and bakery products). Recreating the complete functionality of eggs using plant-based ingredients is very challenging due to the complexity of eggs. Current, but scarce, research in this field is focused on making mixtures of plant-based ingredients to fit specific food formulations. Nutritionally, providing vegan eggs with similar or higher nutritional value to that of eggs can be of relevance to attract health-conscious consumers. Claims such as clean labels, natural, vegan, animal-free, gluten-free, and/or cholesterol-free can further boost the position of vegan eggs in the market in the coming year. At present, this market is still in its infancy stages, and clear regulations of labeling, safety, and risk assessment are deemed mandatory to organize the sector, and protect consumers.
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Brønnum, Louise Beck, Asmus Gamdrup Jensen, and Charlotte Vinther Schmidt. "To meat or not to meat?" International Journal of Food Design 5, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfd_00011_3.
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We are facing a pandemic: climate change. In order to sustain a future population with a healthy diet, we need drastic changes in our food systems. With the demand for change both in our eating behaviour and the food industry, this opinion article dives into a currently disputed food resource with regards to climate impact: meat. First, the importance of understanding the dynamic term ‘sustainability’ is stressed. We argue that an interdisciplinary approach, which encounters not only social, economic and environmental factors, but also historical and especially taste aspects, are essential to change the current behaviour, aspects which are often forgotten in the discussion about sustainability. In the light of taste, and in particular the liking hereof, we argue that ‘umamification’ should be part of the consideration in a sustainable food system, which could come from alternative protein sources, such as marine animals or using meat in small amounts as a seasoning rather than not eating meat at all. The sustainable taste should not be tasteless but should be even tastier in the future in order to create a sustainable food system.
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Smirnov, Roman Kamilevich. "Socio-philosophical model of professional competencies of a specialist in the field of animal husbandry of the agro-industrial complex in the context of the needs of the New Industrial Society (NIO 2.0)." KANT 43, no. 2 (June 2022): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2022-43.32.
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The purpose of the study is to reveal, through a socio-philosophical analysis, a system of fundamental features that will determine the activities of veterinarians and livestock specialists in a new type of industrial society (NIO 2.0). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematic presentation of the professional competencies of specialists in the field of animal husbandry, explicated from the set of requirements of R&D 2.0, structured by the author (by means of the method of comparison with the medieval past), for the economic aspect of human life. As a result, personal and professional qualities are presented that are necessary for specialists in the field of animal husbandry in order to be in demand by a new type of economy. The factors hindering the process of their successful adaptation to the realities of the digital industry are identified, and ways to eliminate them are outlined. As part of the prospects for further research, the need for a targeted study of the personal qualities and competencies of specialists in the field of animal husbandry is emphasized.
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Jakovljević, Mirko. "Ecology and Media." In medias res 10, no. 18 (May 26, 2021): 2883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46640/imr.10.18.8.
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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of global goals targeting all levels: from a planetary biosphere to a local community. The aim is to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people can enjoy peace and prosperity, now and in the future. The beginning of the Twenty-first century and the last fifteen years of the twentieth century have been the awakening of human consciousness when it comes to ecology and environmental protection. The man of the digital age is slowly becoming aware that a new society is a life-organization characterized by the use of modern technologies and overuse of natural resources and, in some places, already devastated and degraded environments. The modern economy survives on the use of living and inanimate natural resources. Natural resources such as air, water, soil are polluted and some animal species are exterminated in this period. For this reason, it is of great importance to force producing and broadcasting numerous environmental shows on local, regional and global media. Going deeper into the issue, we have to see that the problem should be addressed more and more, reinforcing at the same time the ethics of all people on the planet, which would lead to the adoption of binding norms that would affect people’s behavior when it comes to ecology and environmental protection . The media is playing a key role in this issue. A part of the discussion on the concept of conservation, including the main scientific and ethical points of view, is presented in this paper, highlighting the environmental, socio-ecological and ethical aspects behind the comprehensive concept of industry and economy. This paper is about the idea of being the appeal on media regarding the urgent need for socio-environmental ethical personal engagement and collective actions.
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Nukesheva, A. ZH, and E. V. Kudryashova. "STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.19.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agro-industrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.