Relevant bibliographies by topics / Animal industry – Environmental aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'Animal industry – Environmental aspects'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Animal industry – Environmental aspects"

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Liang, Jin Sheng, Dong Mei Zhang, Yan Ding, and Jun Ping Meng. "Research and Application of Micro-Environmental Control Technology in Animal Breeding Industry." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.260.

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Influence of micro-environmental factors in animal breeding room on healthy growth of animal was discussed, such as harmful chemical gas, drinking water, microorganism, temperature, humidity and noise. Main products and technologies used in improving animal breeding micro-environment were summarized from four aspects including deodorization, activating drinking water, adding feed additives, using temperature and humidity control devices. At last, the development trends of micro-environment control were proposed in large-scale animal breeding.
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András Halász and Géza Nagy. "Some methodological aspects of animal behaviour during beef cattle grazing." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 48 (July 31, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/48/2449.

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Ethology, the research field of animal behaviour, during the past half century developed into an independent science and became more important in recent years as the farming industry has turned toward quality production. Farm animals respond for every environmental factor. Essential to know the answers to avoid unpleasant economic consequences. Based on the shepherds’ experience, this science has merged with modern technology, constantly expanding and searching new methods. According to the literature the article summarizes the observation methods in cattle grazing. This paper introduces the beginnings and shows the future trends. Finally we share personal experiences as the Hungarian Grey cattle grazing behaviour at conditions of Hortobágy, Hungary.
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Fallahi, Sepideh, Łukasz Bobak, and Sebastian Opaliński. "Hemp in Animal Diets—Cannabidiol." Animals 12, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192541.

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In recent years, interest in hemp use has grown owing to its chemical and medicinal properties. Several parts of this plant, such as seeds, leaves, flowers, and stems are used in medicine, industry, and environmental preservation. Although there were legal restrictions on hemp exploitation in some countries due to the trace presence of THC as a psychoactive element, many countries have legalized it in recent years. Cannabidiol or CBD is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that can activate the endocannabinoid system and its receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in bodies of different species. Cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-depressant effects. This review investigates various aspects of cannabidiol use and its potential in animals and humans.
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Novikova, I. V., A. S. Muravev, G. V. Agafonov, E. A. Korotkih, O. Y. Malceva, and N. V. Zueva. "Technological measures to improve the environmental friendliness of alcohol industry enterprises." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012092.

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Abstract The article concerns technological measures to improve the environmental friendliness of food industry enterprises: in particular, aspects of processing waste from the alcohol industry with further use in agriculture (in animal feed). It is important to use methods to optimize the feeding of farm animals, allowing one to involve feed resources that do not have a harmful effect on health and productivity, while significantly reducing the consumption of grain components. This resource is dry distillery grains, which is a waste product of distillery production. Technologies of distillery bard processing include its evaporation with further drying. The main waste at the ethanol plant is whole stillage. It is centrifuged to separate thin stillage from wet grains. Thin stillage contains 5-10% of solids. For reducing energy consumption during the concentration process, it is possible to use a direct contact evaporator (bubbling evaporator). In this article, the bubbling evaporator design was developed. To justify the size of the evaporator, the temperature difference profile along the column length was determined. It is less than 1 and remains constant, which determines the high efficiency of heat transfer. The most effective parameters of the evaporation process according to moisture removal are a gas flow rate of 1.3–1.5 m3/h, air temperature of 400±15. Work results can be used in the design of scalable systems for thin stillage processing and applicable in medium-sized ethanol plants.
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Bamberger, Michelle, and Robert E. Oswald. "Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 22, no. 1 (May 2012): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.22.1.e.

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Environmental concerns surrounding drilling for gas are intense due to expansion of shale gas drilling operations. Controversy surrounding the impact of drilling on air and water quality has pitted industry and leaseholders against individuals and groups concerned with environmental protection and public health. Because animals often are exposed continually to air, soil, and groundwater and have more frequent reproductive cycles, animals can be used as sentinels to monitor impacts to human health. This study involved interviews with animal owners who live near gas drilling operations. The findings illustrate which aspects of the drilling process may lead to health problems and suggest modifications that would lessen but not eliminate impacts. Complete evidence regarding health impacts of gas drilling cannot be obtained due to incomplete testing and disclosure of chemicals, and nondisclosure agreements. Without rigorous scientific studies, the gas drilling boom sweeping the world will remain an uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale.
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Marques, Anne y. Castro, Mário Roberto Maróstica, and Gláucia Maria Pastore. "Some Nutritional, Technological and Environmental Advances in the Use of Enzymes in Meat Products." Enzyme Research 2010 (September 29, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/480923.

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The growing consumer demand for healthier products has stimulated the development of nutritionally enhanced meat products. However, this can result in undesirable sensory consequences to the product, such as texture alterations in low-salt and low-phosphate meat foods. Additionally, in the meat industry, economical aspects have stimulated researchers to use all the animal parts to maximize yields of marketable products. This paper aimed to show some advances in the use of enzymes in meat processing, particularly the application of the proteolytic enzymes transglutaminase and phytases, associated with nutritional, technological, and environmental improvements.
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Malygina, Natalia, Elisabeth Vlasova, and Valeriya Bogdanova. "Wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) resources use in the Taimyr peninsula: Aspects of the principle of ecological law." Czech Polar Reports 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2013-1-9.

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Rapid development of modern industry on the Taimyr peninsula together with global changes of environmental conditions and great anthropogenic pressure have caused observable disruption of some Arctic and sub Arctic tundra ecosystems. These changes have several effects on the animal populations, Wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) in particular, that are the resources of living for the indigenous people of the Taimyr peninsula. Many problems are eliminated by existing environmental, health, housing and civil rights laws, research and educational activities. In future, they should be developed and advanced so that R. tarandus resources could be balanced according to the indigenous people demands.
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Pelletier, Nathan, Maurice Doyon, Bruce Muirhead, Tina Widowski, Jodey Nurse-Gupta, and Michelle Hunniford. "Sustainability in the Canadian Egg Industry—Learning from the Past, Navigating the Present, Planning for the Future." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103524.

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Like other livestock sectors, the Canadian egg industry has evolved substantially over time and will likely experience similarly significant change looking forward, with many of these changes determining the sustainability implications of and for the industry. Influencing factors include: technological and management changes at farm level and along the value chain resulting in greater production efficiencies and improved life cycle resource efficiency and environmental performance; a changing policy/regulatory environment; and shifts in societal expectations and associated market dynamics, including increased attention to animal welfare outcomes—especially in regard to changes in housing systems for laying hens. In the face of this change, effective decision-making is needed to ensure the sustainability of the Canadian egg industry. Attention both to lessons from the past and to the emerging challenges that will shape its future is required and multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives are needed to understand synergies and potential trade-offs between alternative courses of action across multiple aspects of sustainability. Here, we consider the past, present and potential futures for this industry through the lenses of environmental, institutional (i.e., regulatory), and socio-economic sustainability, with an emphasis on animal welfare as an important emergent social consideration. Our analysis identifies preferred pathways, potential pitfalls, and outstanding cross-disciplinary research questions.
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Medeiros, Ivo, Aitor Fernandez-Novo, Susana Astiz, and João Simões. "Historical Evolution of Cattle Management and Herd Health of Dairy Farms in OECD Countries." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030125.

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This work aimed to review the important aspects of the dairy industry evolution at herd level, interrelating production with health management systems. Since the beginning of the industrialization of the dairy cattle sector (1950s), driven by the need to feed the rapidly growing urban areas, this industry has experienced several improvements, evolving in management and technology. These changes have been felt above all in the terms of milking, rearing, nutrition, reproductive management, and design of facilities. Shortage of labor, emphasis on increasing farm efficiency, and quality of life of the farmers were the driving factors for these changes. To achieve it, in many areas of the world, pasture production has been abandoned, moving to indoor production, which allows for greater nutritional and reproductive control of the animals. To keep pace with this paradigm in milk production, animal health management has also been improved. Prevention and biosecurity have become essential to control and prevent pathologies that cause great economic losses. As such, veterinary herd health management programs were created, allowing the management of health of the herd as a whole, through the common work of veterinarians and farmers. These programs address the farms holistically, from breeding to nutrition, from prevention to consultancy. In addition, farmers are now faced with a consumer more concerned on animal production, valuing certified products that respect animal health and welfare, as well as environmental sustainability.
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Gurova, О. N. "Challenges of reducing ecological risks for hunting resources use in Zabaykalsky krai (an institutional approach)." Regional'nye issledovaniya, no. 2 (2019): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-2-9.

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The resource potential of the hunting economy of the Trans-Baikal Territory is characterized by great diversity and richness of the animal world. Wild ungulate animals live in the region, which are of great commercial importance: elk, red deer, wild boar, wild reindeer, musk deer and Siberian roe deer .The regulation of the wild animals hunting is an essential condition for sustainable wildlife utilization and its preservation. Data of state monitoring of hunting resources is its basis. Therefore, the censuring is vitally important for hunting industry. One of the problems that have a negative impact on the development of the hunting economy is poaching, an increase in the volume of which, combined with other factors (loss and degradation of animal habitats), leads to a decrease in the number of commercial species. In this article an attempt to analyze the potential losses (damage) of wild ungulate animals in the territory was made on the basis of available methods, literature sources, and Hunting Service official data. The interconnection between the institutional system formed in hunting environmental management and ecological risks in hunting resource usage is analyzed. The aspects of poor efficiency of the institutional system are determined
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal industry – Environmental aspects"

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Keatimilwe, Kagiso P. "Consequences of modernisation in Botswana : lessons and alternatives for the livestock sector." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30010.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the effects of post-independence modernisation policies within the cattle sector in Botswana and to suggest alternative ways of dealing with the challenge of development. The study pursues four research objectives which are: 1. to examine the environmental effects of cattle production by discussing the impacts of policies on disease control as well as changes in rangeland condition; 2. to discuss the social impacts of the modernisation approach to development by examining data on the distribution of cattle, the financial returns that accrue to owners, and the level of subsidies which the sector receives from the government; 3. to determine the degree of vulnerability of the Botswana cattle sector to decisions made outside the country by investigating the influence of the EEC and certain environmental groups on the beef industry. 4. to suggest a set of principles aimed at making development more ecologically sensitive, more beneficial to most people, and more self-reliant in terms of economic and political decisions. Modernisation theory according to Hirschman and Rostow contends that inter-dependence with capitalist economies is a prerequisite for development (primarily defined as economic growth and not addressing environmental issues); that the accumulation of wealth will lead to the reduction of poverty; and that all countries can benefit from the development process. By contrast, Dependency theory according to authors including Prebisch, Frank, Amin, and Sunkel has argued that inter-dependence with capitalist economies retards development; that the national accumulation of wealth does not lead to improved living conditions for much of the population; and that there is little prospect for economic growth in the peripheral countries. The analysis of policies and measures adopted by the Botswana government involving land reform, disease control, pricing and marketing policies and the use of subsidies reveals that economic growth and access to markets have been attained at the expense of both environmental quality and equity. Future policy for the livestock sector cannot ignore criticism of these impacts without jeopardising the beef trade which has largely been determined by the EEC. This European Community influence raises questions about the extent to which Botswana is in control of her development policy. Drawing largely from the work of Gardner, the thesis addresses the above concerns by suggesting a set of policy guidelines which identify both the ends and means of decision-making. This framework recognises that the goals of development must include ecological sustainability and economic and political self-reliance in addition to material benefits. Although it recognises the magnitude of the development problems, the thesis concludes by suggesting specific issues which should be investigated to improve living conditions in the country.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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WILLIAMS, Rebecca. "High steaks : climate change mitigation in the cattle sector." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74342.

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Defence date: 14 March 2022
Examining Board: Prof. Joanne Scott (European University Institute); Prof. Neha Jain (European University Institute); Prof. Maria Lee (University College London, External Examiner); Dr Jolene Lin (National University of Singapore)
Increasingly, the environmental impact of animal agriculture is being recognised. In the past, climate criticism was largely reserved for the fossil fuel sector, or even the transport and aviation sectors. However, now it is being realised that the agricultural sector is also a major contributor to climate change, particularly in terms of livestock production. Despite this, little attention has been paid, either in academic writing or in policy making, to improving the climate impacts of the livestock sector. This thesis begins to address this gap. Using a novel critical frame analysis approach, it seeks to provide a broad macro-level analysis of various legal regimes on the international and European level that affect emissions from cattle (and where relevant, livestock more broadly). On the basis of this critical frame analysis, tensions, synergies and common themes for livestock emissions mitigation across these regimes can be identified and investigated. It is hoped that this can help to strengthen productive synergies and to reduce damaging tensions while promoting fairer and more effective emissions mitigation for the sector. Most importantly, the thesis highlights affluence as the ‘forgotten’ problem in reducing cattle emissions. The importance of this key insight in terms of tackling future livestock emissions trajectories is significant, particularly in relation to the climate justice dimension of climate mitigation.
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Sarubbi, Juliana. "Estudo do conforto termico, desempenho animal e racionalização de energia eletrica em uma instalação suinocola na região de Boituva-SP." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257203.

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Orientador: Luiz Antonio Rossi
DissertaCAo (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T22:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sarubbi_Juliana_M.pdf: 972594 bytes, checksum: 6ec7cadc10c91ba20ca67df226c71482 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Um grande desafio na suinocultura é a definição de um modelo de edificação capaz de proporcionar melhor conforto térmico para os animais. As maiores perdas na produção ocorrem em virtude dos dias muito quentes e das grandes variações térmicas, que são características do clima tropical. Uma alternativa para minimizar estas perdas é a utilização de sistemas diversos de climatização. No entanto, estes equipamentos apresentam custos de implantação, funcionamento e manutenção variáveis que podem interferir na lucratividade do empreendimento. A utilização de um sistema de controle, por exemplo, pode reduzir os custos de funcionamento dos equipamentos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de diferentes instalações suinícolas, considerando os aspectos do desempenho dos animais, do conforto térmico e da utilização de energia elétrica. Foram comparadas quatro salas de criação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação em uma granja comercial. As salas estudadas são diferentes sob os pontos de vista de construção e climatização (idade dos equipamentos, número de ventiladores, forma de controle da climatização). Os parâmetros utilizados para a comparação entre as edificações foram o desempenho dos animais, condição sanitária do plantel, variáveis climáticas (temperatura e umidade), entalpia e índice de conforto térmico (ITU), variáveis elétricas (consumo, demanda e fator de potência) e índices de eficiência energética dos tratamentos. A utilização de dois ventiladores novos e sistema de nebulização, ambos com acionamento automático, foi capaz de proporcionar melhor conforto térmico aos animais, embora este resultado não tenha sido suficiente para agregar maior produção. Os ventiladores mais novos consumiram menor quantidade de energia elétrica que os antigos e apresentaram melhor fator de potência O tratamento que contou com sistema de nebulização e um ventilador, acionados manualmente, que forneceu a pior condição em termos de conforto térmico, porém apresentou as melhores condições de consumo específico (kg produzido/ kWh consumido). De acordo com a análise dos índices de eficiência energética (fator de carga), os ventiladores com acionamento automático foram melhores utilizados ao longo do tempo. Assim, concluiu-se que a utilização de controle automático de equipamentos de climatização foi capaz de melhorar as condições ambientais e da utilização de energia elétrica
Abstract: A great challenge in the swine production is the definition of a construction model capable of bringing a better thermal comfort to the animals. The greatest losses on production occur due very hot days and great thermal variation, which are the chief characteristics of the tropical weather. An alternative to minimize these losses is the use of diverse climate systems. Nevertheless, these equipment present variable implementation, functioning and maintenance costs that may interfere in the business lucrativity. The use of a control system, for instance, may reduce the equipment functioning costs. This work's main goal is the evaluation on performance of two different swine buildings, considering the animal performance, thermal comfort and electric energy consumption. Four rooms placed on two different swine structures were compared. It all happened on growing and finishing phases, in a commercial pigsty. These rooms are different under building and acclimatization systems (equipment¿s age, numbers of fans and climate control). The parameters used for the comparison between the buildings were the animal performance, group sanitary condition, climate variables (temperature and humidity), enthalpy, thermal comfort index (THI), electric energy variables (electric energy consumption, power factor, demand) and energetic efficiency. The use of two new fans and evaporative cooling system, both with automatic startup, was able to bring a better thermal comfort to the animals, however this result was not enough for bringing higher production. The newer fans consume less electric energy than the older fans and showed the best power factor. The use of an evaporative cooling and only one fan, without automatic control, was able to bring the worst thermal comfort, the worst utilization electrical energy index and showed the best specific consumption. Therefore, we may conclude that the use of an automatic control system to the climate equipment is capable of improving the environmental conditions and the use of electric energy
Mestrado
Construções Rurais e Ambiencia
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Magwedere, Kudakwashe. "Veterinary public health aspects related with food-producing wildlife species in the domestic animal, human and environment interface." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80034.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wildlife industry in Namibia continues to grow as the production and consumption of game meat increases. However, the health risks posed by the trade in wildlife and related by-products to livestock and humans have not been fully assessed. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential health risks related to the increased consumption of game meat and relevant by-products by assessing the quality of game meat, as well as determine the role of game meat species in the transmission of zoonoses. The microbiological quality and safety of export game meat was assessed. No differences in the aerobic plate count (APC) were observed between the years (2009 and 2010), but the mean Enterobacteriaceae count was 1.33±0.69log10 cfu/cm2 compared to 2.93±1.50log10 cfu/cm2 between the years. Insignificant heterotrophic plate count (HPC) levels were detected in 9/23 field water samples, while faecal bacteria (coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and enterococci) were not isolated in all samples. Seven serogroups, with the exception of O26, were detected in exotic species. A white tailed deer sample had a serotype belonging to O45 which confirmed positive for stx1 gene. In springbok, 5/15 pools of faecal samples tested positive for the intimin gene. No Salmonella spp were isolated, and all E. coli isolates from the meat samples were negative for STEC virulence genes (i.e. stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA). A linear regression analysis was conducted on selected variables to identify the main predictors and their interactions affecting pH of meat 4 hours post-slaughter. In an increasing order of magnitude during winter time, the pH reached at 16-36hr post slaughter in springbok heart, liver, spleen, kidney and lungs was significantly higher than pH 6.0, while no significant differences were observed from the regulatory reference (pH 6.0) in the heart. There was a positive association between the pH of game meat 4hr post-slaughter, and liver congestion. The pH of game meat 4hr post slaughter, increased by 0.11 units per mL increase in liver congestion, and decreased by 0.04 units per minute increase in the shooting to bleeding interval, irrespective of the species. Worm eggs of strongylids, Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara spp, Trichuris spp and coccidia were found in variable numbers in both springbok and gemsbok faeces, indicating a potential risk of transmission to other species in the ecosystem. On examination of carcasses, a novel parasite, Skjabinodera kuelzii, was identified and noted to be associated with inguinal fascia and renal fat, but the public health significance remains unclear. Nevertheless, S. kuelzii should be considered as of potential significance during routine game meat inspection. A total of 12 310 springbok were harvested from 26 commercial farms over a period of two years. Tissue samples (i.e. 60 livers, 41 kidneys and 52 hindquarter muscles) were collected from randomly selected healthy animals. The mean values (i.e. above the detection limit) of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were 0.10±0.05mg/kg and 1.04±0.21mg/kg in the liver, respectively; and 0.33±0.22mg/kg and 0.905±0.51mg/kg in the kidney of springbok, respectively. The levels of cadmium and lead in the hindquarter muscles were below the detection limit. Serum samples (n=1692) collected from sheep, goats and cattle from four presumably at-risk farms, and 900 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) serum samples collected from 29 mixed farming units, were screened for Brucella antibodies by using the Rose-Bengal test (RBT). Positive cases were confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). To assess the prevalence of human brucellosis, 137 abattoir employees were tested for Brucella antibodies using the standard tube agglutination test (STAT), and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle and sheep from all four farms were negative by RBT and CFT, but two of the four farms carried 26/42 and 12/285 seropositive goats, respectively. Post mortem examination of seropositive goats revealed no gross pathological lesions. Culture for brucellae from organs of seropositive animals was negative. None of the wildlife sera tested positive by either RBT or CFT. Occurrence of confirmed brucellosis in humans was linked to the consumption of unpasteurized goat milk, home-made goat cheese and coffee with raw milk and prior contact with goats. All abattoir employees (n=137) tested negative by STAT, but 3 were positive by ELISA. The three abattoir workers were clinically normal, and lacked historical connections with clinical cases. This study illustrates the importance of microbiological, parasitic and residue monitoring as critical components of a hazard analysis and critical control point based system for game meat. The study also provides the basis for increased integrated health research, surveillance and meat safety risk analysis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Namibiese wildbedryf raak toenemend groter soos die produksie en verbruik van wildsvleis toeneem. Die verwante gesondheidsrisiko’s wat die gebruik van wildsvleis en verwante produkte vir mens en dier inhou, is nog nie volledig geassesseer nie. Die doelwit van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die potensiële gesondheidsrisiko's wat wildsvleis en verwante neweprodukte vir mens en dier inhou deur middel van die assessering van vleisgehalte en die bepaling van die rol van die wildsvleis spesies in die oordrag van soönoses. Die mikrobiologiese gehalte en veiligheid van uitvoer wildsvleis was geassesseer. Geen verskille in die aerobiese plaat telling (APC) vir monsters versamel tydens 2009 en 2010 is aangeteken nie. Die gemiddelde Enterobacteriaceae telling was 1.33± 0.69log10 cfu/cm2 in vergelyking met 2.93±1.50log10 cfu/cm2 tussen die jare. Onbeduidende heterotrofe plaattelling (HPC) vlakke is waargeneem in 9/23 water monsters, terwyl fekale bakterieë (d.i. kolivorme, Clostridium perfringens en enterokokke) nie in enige van die monsters geïsoleerd is nie. Sewe serogroepe, met die uitsondering van O26, is aangeteken vir die eksotiese spesies. Monsters verky van ʼn white tailed deer is as positief vir 'n serotipe van O45 getoets, en die teenwoordigheid van die stx1 geen is bevestig. In springbok het 5/15 poele van fekale monsters positief getoets vir die intimien geen. Geen Salmonella spp is geïsoleer nie en alle E. coli geïsoleer in die vleismonsters was negatief vir die Stec virulensie geen (d.i. stx1, stx2, EAE en hlyA). ʼn Liniêre regressie-analise is op geselekteerde veranderlikes wat as die belangrikste indikators kan dien, en enige moontlike interaksie wat die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag kan beïnvloed, uitgevoer. In 'n toenemende orde van grootte gedurende die winter tyd, die pH teen 16-36hr na slagting in springbok hart, lewer, milt, niere en longe was aansienlik hoër as die pH 6.0, terwyl geen beduidende verskille waargeneem is wanneer dit met die regulasie verwysingswaarde van die hart (pH 6.0) vergelyk is nie. Daar was 'n positiewe assosiasie tussen die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag en mate van aansameling in die lewer. Die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag, het toegeneem met 0.11 eenhede per mL toename in lewer aansameling en afgeneem met 0.04 eenhede per minuut toename in die skiet tot uitbloei interval, ongeag die spesie. Wurmeiers van rondewurms, Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara spp, Trichuris spp en koksidia het in verskillende ladings in die mis van beide springbok en gemsbok ontlasting, voorgekom. Dit dui op 'n potensiële risiko van oordrag na ander spesies in die ekosisteem. Die voorkoms van ʼn nuwe parasiet, Skjabinodera kuelzii, in wildskarkasse is aangeteken en was geassosieer met inguinale fascia en renale vet, maar die openbare gesondheidsrisiko bly onduidelik. Daar word aanbeveel dat dié parasiet as ʼn potensiële risiko faktor tydens roetine vleisinspeksies beskou moet word. ʼn Totaal van 12 310 springbokke is oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar van 26 kommersiële plase geoes. Weefselmonsters (d.i. 60 lewers, 41 niere en 52 agterkwart spiere) is ewekansig versamel van gesonde diere. Die gemiddelde waardes (d.i. hoër as die opsporingslimiet) van kadmium (Cd) en lood (Pb) was 0.10 ± 0.05mg/kg en 1.04 ± 0.21mg/kg in die lewer onderskeidelik en 0.33 ± 0.22mg/kg en 0.905 ± 0.51mg/kg in die niere van springbok, onderskeidelik. Die vlakke van kadmium en lood in die agterkwart spiere was laer as die opsporingslimiet. Serum monsters (n=1692) is van skape, bokke en beeste van vier vermoedelik hoë risiko plase en springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis, n=900) van 29 gemengde boerdery sisteme versamel en getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van Brucella teenliggaampies deur middel van die Rose-Bengal-toets (RBT). Positiewe gevalle is bevestig deur die komplement binding toets (CFT). Die voorkoms van menslike brusellose is bepaal deur 137 abattoir werknemers te toets vir Brucella teenliggaampies deur gebruik te maak van die standaard buis agglutinasie toets (STAT) en die ensiembinding immunosorberende toets (ELISA). Beeste en skape van die vier hoë risiko plase het negatief getoets met die RBT en CFT metodes, maar bokke van twee van die vier plase het seropositief getoets (26/42 en 12/285 onderskeidelik). Nadoodse ondersoek van seropositief bokke het geen patologiese letsels aangedui nie. Die kultuur van orgaanmonsters van seropositief diere vir Brucellae was negatief. Die monsters versamel van wild het negatief getoets deur middel van die RBT en CFT toets metodes. Die voorkoms van brusellose in mense in die studie was geassosieer met die gebruik van ongepasteuriseerde melk, tuisgemaakte bokmelkkaas en koffie met ongepasteuriseerde melk, asook direkte kontak met bokke. Alle abattoir werknemers (n=137) het negatief getoets met die STAT metode, maar drie werknemers het positief getoets met die ELISA metode. Die drie abattoir werkers was klinies normaal en het nie vorige kontak met bevestigde kliniese gevalle gehad nie. Hierdie studie bevestig die belang van mikrobiologiese, parasitiese en residu monitering as kritieke komponente van 'n gevaar-analise en kritiese kontrolepunt gebaseerde stelsel vir die produksie en verbruik van wildsvleis. Die studie verskaf ʼn basis vir toekomstige navorsing gefokus op ʼn geïntegreerde benadering van mens- en diergesondheid, monitering en vleis veiligheid risiko-analises.
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Lam, Chung-wai, and 林頌偉. "A review of livestock waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254949.

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Kan, Wing-sze Iris, and 簡詠思. "Hong Kong's impacts from the seafood trade and its role in affecting endangered species." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501307X.

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Rushenko, Liliia. "Winemaking industry in Ukraine: environmental and economic aspects." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31701.

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One of the most widely consumed beverages in many parts of the world is wine, which has been well-known since the early periods of civilization. Besides its economical importance, this beverage can have a positive impact on human health, including the anti – cancer effect. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31701
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Jenkin, Nicola Pat. "Exploring the making of meaning: environmental education and training for industry, business and local government." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003425.

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The aim of this research was to explore how participants made meaning in an environmental education and training course for people from industry, business and local government in South Africa, and to identify and comment on any constraints to this meaning-making. I used a Symbolic Interactionist theoretical framework to explore and comment on the meaning-making process. I started my research by conducting a questionnaire to select participants for interviews. During the course the selected participants were interviewed, as well as the two course co-ordinators. Data was also gathered during the course from participant observation field notes ('captured talk'), photographs, participants' assignments and course evaluations. The data was analysed using an adapted form of discourse analysis and matrices. The research highlights that the opportunities provided on the course were adequate for encouraging meaning-making amongst both the co-ordinators and participants. However, recorded instances of meaning-making were low, which indicated that there were certain constraints during the meaning-making process. This research highlights and comments on identified constraints such as time and workplace support. The research supports similar findings which emerged from research conducted on the Gold Fields environmental education course for teachers and also offers recommendations for further research and practice into meaning-;making within the field of environmental education and industry, business and local government in South Africa.
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顧振彪 and Chun-piu Benedict Koo. "Study on a biodiesel fuel produced from restaurant waste animal fats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224519.

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Wan, Mun-wah, and 溫曼華. "An environmental analysis of the construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128262.

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Books on the topic "Animal industry – Environmental aspects"

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Morse, Debra Elias. Technical work paper: A description of animal agriculture in Minnesota. [St. Paul, Minn: Minnesota Environmental Quality Board, 2001.

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International, Conference on Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture (1st 2001 Obihiro-shi Japan). Greenhouse gases and animal agriculture. Boston: Elsevier, 2002.

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Steinfeld, Henning. Livestock-environment interactions: Issues and options. [Luxembourg]: European Commission Directorate-General for Development, Development Policy, Sustainable Development and Natural Resources, 1997.

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Steinfeld, Henning. Livestock - environment interactions: Issues and options. [Brussels? Belgium]: European Commission Directorate-General for Development, Development Policy Sustainable Development and Natural Resources, 1997.

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Haan, Cees de. Livestock & the environment: Finding a balance. [Luxembourg]: European Commission Directorate-General for Development, Development Policy, Sustainable Development and Natural Resources, 1997.

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Haan, Cees de. Livestock & the environment: Finding a balance. [Brussels? Belgium]: European Commission Directorate-General for Development, Development Policy Sustainable Development and Natural Resources, 1997.

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Haan, Cees de. Livestock & the environment: Finding a balance. [Brussels? Belgium]: European Commission Directorate-General for Development, Development Policy Sustainable Development and Natural Resources, 1997.

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Contemporary issues in animal agriculture. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2004.

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R, Cheeke Peter, ed. Contemporary issues in animal agriculture. 2nd ed. Danville, Ill: Interstate Publishers, 1999.

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CAFO (concentrated animal feeding operation): The tragedy of industrial animal factories. San Rafael, Calif: Earth Aware, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Animal industry – Environmental aspects"

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Vasyunin, Egor A., Arthur A. Dmitriev, and Inna V. Lipatova. "Economic and Institutional Aspects of Environmental Protection." In Industry 4.0, 303–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75405-1_27.

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Gésan-Guiziou, Geneviève. "Dairy Industry and Animal Products Processing Applications." In Engineering Aspects of Membrane Separation and Application in Food Processing, 91–148. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374901-5.

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Gésan-Guiziou, Geneviève. "Dairy Industry and Animal Products Processing Applications." In Engineering Aspects of Membrane Separation and Application in Food Processing, 93–148. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315374901-4.

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Vasyunin, Egor A., Artur A. Dmitriev, and Inna V. Lipatova. "Economic and Institutional Aspects of Environmental Protection." In Current Problems and Ways of Industry Development: Equipment and Technologies, 752–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69421-0_81.

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Black, D. J., J. P. Barford, and C. Harbour. "Quality Aspects of Batch Animal Cell Cultivation — Relevance to Fed-Batch Implementation in Industry." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 191–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5161-0_33.

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Fuke, Y., S. Sawaki, T. Furukawa, Y. Watanabe, N. Higashi, H. Nishino, and T. Nomura. "Environmental Chemicals Affect Nerve Cell Differentiation in SFME Cells through Specific Gene Expression." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 499–503. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0726-8_86.

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Bull, Alan T., Anthony J. Baines, Elisabeth M. A. Curling, Paul M. Hayter, Nigel Jenkins, Ian Salmon, and Philip G. Strange. "Effects of Environmental Parameters on Cho Cell Growth in Batch and Chemostat Cultures and on Human IFN-γ Synthesis and Fidelity." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 245–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2844-5_34.

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Van Roestel, A. J. J., J. P. G. Gerrits, and L. J. L. D. Van Griensven. "Economic Aspects of Environmental Policy in the Mushroom Industry in the Netherlands." In Plant Production on the Threshold of a New Century, 101–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1158-4_10.

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Alsaleem, Khalid A., Ahmed R. A. Hammam, and Nancy Awasti. "Safety, Regulatory Aspects and Environmental Impacts of Using Non-Thermal Processing Techniques for Dairy Industries." In Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for the Dairy Industry, 157–72. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003138716-12.

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Shek-Vugrovečki, A., L. Radin, J. Pejaković, K. Sinković, and M. Šimpraga. "Current aspects and recommendations in health management of organic sheep and goat farming in karst areas of Croatia." In Animal farming and environmental interactions in the Mediterranean region, 121–25. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-741-7_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Animal industry – Environmental aspects"

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Spaka, Evelina, Ilze Gramatina, and Tatjana Kince. "Reducation possibilities of gas emission from meat processing companies: a review." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.017.

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Every year the ecological situation in the world is getting worse. Modern enterprises in their daily activities should provide not only high-quality and safe products, but also strive to improve environmental performance. The meat industry occupies a leading position in terms of the level of environmental pollution in the food industry. The main indicators of the meat chain have an impact on environmental aspects, the production process, the heat treatment of the product has the highest indicators from the slaughter of the animal to the transportation of the finished product. This article looks into possible ways to reduce emission into the atmosphere during the meat processing as smoking and evaluates the effectiveness of possible ways to reduce emission into the atmosphere, highlighting the most effective ways to achieve an environmentally friendly balance. During this research it was revealed that a more optimal and cost-effective method to achieve the desired result is the installation of CAB (Catalytic afterburner).
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Gamenyuk, V., and E. Snytkov. "ETHICAL ASPECTS OF ANIMAL EXPLOITATION." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-1-55-58.

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Satya Narayana, K. S. L. "Online Sulphur Analyzers for Interface Management of BS III/BS IV/BS V Grades in Cross Country Pipelines." In ASME 2015 India International Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2015-7958.

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Over the last few years, the importance of detecting sulphur in petroleum products has increased dramatically. This is related to the necessity of complying with increasingly stringent government regulations and ensuring product quality. Reasons for detection and Monitoring of sulphur in different petroleum products has existed for the last so many years, but detection limits have been reduced dramatically in recent times. The sulphur analyzers for present requirements must now have the ability to detect sulphur from 1 parts per billion to 500 parts per million. This paper discusses about the following aspects: • Indian Emission standards • Evolution of BS 3/4/5 grades • Need for online sulphur analyzers (OSA) in Pipeline industry. • Detection technology • Various options available in Online sulphur analyzers Low Sulphur norms in Petroleum Products have evolved due to the following reasons: - SO2 formed during combustion of fuels in IC engines damage the engines. - Acids of SO2 increase rusting of engine parts, piston rings and cylinder walls. - In environment, SO2 converts to Sulphuric acid by reaction with moisture and harm vegetation, aquatic, animal and human life. - SO2 also corrodes man made buildings and monuments This paper also explains about the various types of Online Suplhur analyzers users in HPCL and the issues faced with the same at feld level.
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Predanocyová, Kristina, Ľubica Kubicova, Diana Pindešová, and Jaroslava Košařová. "POULTRY MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS MARKET IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CONSUMPTION." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/04.

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The meat and meat products sector belongs to one of the strategic and key sectors of the food industry in the Slovak Republic. Meat and meat products are considered basic foods that are consumed by Slovak consumers. Of the food group, pork and poultry have the widest consumption. From the point of view of dietary properties, price relations, availability or speed of preparation, poultry meat and meat products appear to be the most consumed with a view to the future. In the context of the above, the aim of the paper is to point out the current market of poultry meat and meat products in Slovakia in terms of production and consumption, as well as to identify consumer behavior. Based on the results, it can be stated that the production of poultry meat has an increasing tendency and currently reaches 13 kg per capita. Poultry consumption in the Slovak Republic has been rising rapidly in recent years and exceeds the recommended dose by almost 100%. These are also confirmed by the results of the survey, which shows an annual consumption of more than 30 kg. In terms of factors, the quality, price and freshness of purchased and consumed meat are the most important for consumers. In view of future developments, it is necessary to appeal to the quality of the meat consumed, as well as to aspects relating to health recommendations, the environment, sustainability, or animal welfare
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TITA, MIHAELA. "ENVIRONMENTAL�ASPECTS�AND�TREATMENT�OF�MILK�INDUSTRY." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s20.v5049.

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Prusak, Rafal. "SOME ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY-INTENSIVE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.2/s20.114.

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Deuel, L. E., and G. H. Holliday. "Evolution of Oil and Gas Waste/Soil Remediation Regulations." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80460.

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The meaningful United States regulation of onshore oil and gas field waste/soil commenced in the mid 1980’s in response to a series of state, federal, industry and international initiatives. Most initiatives centered on the design, construction and operation of earthen pits used in the exploration and production of oil and gas (E&P). Prior to this time, earthen pits were constructed as needed by the operator and used in all phases of E&P activity. Chief concerns of the regulators were focused on what had gone into pits historically, what was going into them currently and was the E&P exemption excluding high volume E&P wastes from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations justified. Several investigations, including the comprehensive field study by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1987, determined E&P wastes are ostensibly non-hazardous. EPA concluded regulation of E&P wastes under RCRA Subtitle C was not necessary. To this day there is no U. S. federal regulatory program with exclusive jurisdiction over exempt E&P wastes. Other studies, primarily industry and academic, focusing on land limiting constituents, management practices and pit closure strategies revealed sodium salts and petroleum hydrocarbon in the form of diesel range organics were the primary limiting constituents. One state, Louisiana, adopted the technical aspects of these studies and developed a comprehensive regulation known as Statewide Order 29-B, which was based on the concept of limiting constituents and defined post closure performance standards. These standards limited salinity, sodicity, total metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon (oil & grease) with values varying with respect to landform, land use and closure technique. Other states have adopted some of the concepts and criteria advanced under 29-B but none are as comprehensive. Obviously there is a need to control what goes into pits and how pits should be closed. The industry would best be served by adopting the concepts and standards set forth in the Louisiana 29-B regulation. A few of the provisions could be changed to make it more palatable to industry without sacrificing the protection afforded human and animal health, safety and the environment. Internationally, particularly countries in South America embraced USEPA protocol for testing characteristically hazardous wastes, but 1) without the framework to handle the relatively large volume of non-hazardous E&P waste generated and 2) no regulations or protocols for on-site waste management. Several operators, although partners with state owned oil companies, on their own volition, applied the concepts and standards under Louisiana’s 29-B to rainforests in South America and rice paddies in Indonesia. Canada and European oil and gas producing countries have developed stringent standards not based on science, which favor costly treatment technologies. Generally, these countries prohibit cost effective on-site waste management and closure techniques. This paper traces the evolution of waste/soil remediation within the United States and internationally. We trace the progress as a function of time; the impetus for regulation; and probable future controls.
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Erwin, Khawarita Siregar, Anizar, Indah Rizkya, Khalida Syahputri, and Rahmi M. Sari. "Waste Identification using Value Stream Mapping in Animal Feed Industry." In International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010075702000203.

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Stanescu, Bogdan, Lidia Kim, Carol Lehr, and Elena Stanescu. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS IN A CITY AREA AFFECTED BY HISTORICAL POLLUTION." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2017.0016.

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Maslak, O. I., N. Ye Grishko, V. V. Yavorskyi, and V. V. Zuiev. "Modern aspects of environmental investment in the restructuring of the coal industry." In Actual question of management of sustainable development in today’s society: problems and prospects. Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2227-3549.2021.10.106-107.

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Reports on the topic "Animal industry – Environmental aspects"

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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Meiri, Noam, Michael D. Denbow, and Cynthia J. Denbow. Epigenetic Adaptation: The Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Plasticity that Determine Stress-Response Set Point. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593396.bard.

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Our hypothesis was that postnatal stress exposure or sensory input alters brain activity, which induces acetylation and/or methylation on lysine residues of histone 3 and alters methylation levels in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, ultimately resulting in long-lasting changes in the stress-response set point. Therefore, the objectives of the proposal were: 1. To identify the levels of total histone 3 acetylation and different levels of methylation on lysine 9 and/or 14 during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 2. To evaluate the methylation and acetylation levels of histone 3 lysine 9 and/or 14 at the Bdnfpromoter during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 3. To evaluate the levels of the relevant methyltransferases and transmethylases during infliction of stress. 4. To identify the specific localization of the cells which respond to both specific histone modification and the enzyme involved by applying each of the stressors in the hypothalamus. 5. To evaluate the physiological effects of antisense knockdown of Ezh2 on the stress responses. 6. To measure the level of CpG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF in thermal treatments and free-fed, 12-hour fasted, and re-fed chicks during post-natal day 3, which is the critical period for feed-control establishment, and 10 days later to evaluate longterm effects. 7. The phenotypic effect of antisense “knock down” of the transmethylaseDNMT 3a. Background: The growing demand for improvements in poultry production requires an understanding of the mechanisms governing stress responses. Two of the major stressors affecting animal welfare and hence, the poultry industry in both the U.S. and Israel, are feed intake and thermal responses. Recently, it has been shown that the regulation of energy intake and expenditure, including feed intake and thermal regulation, resides in the hypothalamus and develops during a critical post-hatch period. However, little is known about the regulatory steps involved. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that epigenetic changes in the hypothalamus during post-hatch early development determine the stress-response set point for both feed and thermal stressors. The ambitious goals that were set for this proposal were met. It was established that both stressors i.e. feed and thermal stress, can be manipulated during the critical period of development at day 3 to induce resilience to stress later in life. Specifically it was established that unfavorable nutritional conditions during early developmental periods or heat exposure influences subsequent adaptability to those same stressful conditions. Furthermore it was demonstrated that epigenetic marks on the promoter of genes involved in stress memory are altered both during stress, and as a result, later in life. Specifically it was demonstrated that fasting and heat had an effect on methylation and acetylation of histone 3 at various lysine residues in the hypothalamus during exposure to stress on day 3 and during stress challenge on day 10. Furthermore, the enzymes that perform these modifications are altered both during stress conditioning and challenge. Finally, these modifications are both necessary and sufficient, since antisense "knockdown" of these enzymes affects histone modifications, and as a consequence stress resilience. DNA methylation was also demonstrated at the promoters of genes involved in heat stress regulation and long-term resilience. It should be noted that the only goal that we did not meet because of technical reasons was No. 7. In conclusion: The outcome of this research may provide information for the improvement of stress responses in high yield poultry breeds using epigenetic adaptation approaches during critical periods in the course of early development in order to improve animal welfare even under suboptimum environmental conditions.
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3

Olsson, Olle. Industrial decarbonization done right: identifying success factors for well-functioning permitting processes. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.034.

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1 Introduction 1.1 The urgency of industrial decarbonization The last few years have seen several of the world’s largest carbon dioxide-emitting countries and leading heavy industry companies committing to mid-century net-zero targets (Buckley 2021; Denyer and Kashiwagi 2020; McCurry 2020; Myers 2020). Consequently, the discussion on economy-wide transition to net-zero is accelerating, with focus shifting from “if” to “when” and “how”, even for heavy industry sectors like steel, cement and chemicals. This makes it increasingly urgent to analyse not just whether it is technologically feasible to decarbonize heavy industry, but also investigate issues more directly related to practical implementation. This includes site-specific planning, infrastructure availability, and consultation with local authorities and other stakeholders. Many of the latter considerations are formalized as part of the permitting processes that are an essential vehicle to ensure that industrial interests are balanced against interests of society at large. However, doing this balancing act can turn out to be very complicated and associated with uncertainties as to their outcome, as well as being demanding in resources and time. At the same time, to ensure broad buy-in and support from society, the investments needed must be implemented in a way that takes a broad spectrum of sustainability concerns into account, not just climate change mitigation. A key question is if and how permitting processes can run more smoothly and efficiently while still ensuring inclusive consultations, fair procedures and adherence to legal certainty. This policy brief discusses this question from the starting point of Swedish conditions, but many of the points raised will be relevant for a broader international discussion on taking industrial decarbonization to implementation. 1.2 Industrial transition and permitting processes in Sweden Decarbonization of the industrial sector in Sweden essentially entails a relatively small number of investment projects in the cement, steel, petrochemical and refinery sectors, where the vast majority of carbon emissions are concentrated (Karltorp et al. 2019; Nykvist et al. 2020). However, while few in number, the size of these investments means that their implementation will by necessity become relevant to many other parts of society. In connection with the increasing focus on how to implement industrial decarbonization in Sweden, discussions about permitting processes have been brought higher up on the agenda. While there has been an active discussion on permitting processes in Sweden for quite some time, it has primarily been focused on aspects related to mining and wind power (Larsen et al. 2017; Raitio et al. 2020). The last few years have, however, focused increasingly on industrial projects, in particular related to a proposed – though eventually cancelled – expansion of an oil refinery in the southwestern part of the country (Blad 2020). In terms of political discussions, both the governmental initiative Fossil-free Sweden (2020) and the Swedish Climate Policy Council (2020) emphasize that permitting processes need to become faster in order for Sweden’s industrial transition to be implemented in line with the time plan set by the 2017 Swedish Climate Act. Business representatives and organizations are also voicing concerns about the slow speed of permitting (Balanskommissionen 2019; Jacke 2018). At the same time, criticism has been raised that much of the environmental damage done in Sweden comes from activities conducted within limits set by environmental permits, which could be a flaw in the system (Malmaeus and Lindblom 2019). Finally, recent public inquiries have also discussed permitting processes.
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