Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animal diet and nutrition'
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Cobanov, Branislav. "Stochastic control of animal diets optimal sampling schedule and diet optimization /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155661130.
Full textTansawat, Rossarin. "Chemical Characterization of Meat Related to Animal Diet." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1339.
Full textKendall, Dustin Clay. "Opportunities and limitations for low-protein diet formulation in swine /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164518.
Full textFontelles, Camile Castilho. "Paternal pre-conceptional nutrition programs breast cancer risk in rat female offspring: opposing effects of animal- and plant- based high fat diets." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-28092016-142616/.
Full textO câncer de mama é um persistente problema de saúde pública. Hipótese intrigante sugere que a suscetibilidade à doença pode ser modulada em períodos precoces da vida, fenômeno conhecido como programação fetal. Nesse sentido, a maior parte dos estudos de programação fetal refere-se à influência materna, dada a intensa interação existente entre mãe e feto tanto no período fetal, quanto na lactação. Entretanto, estudos recentes mostram que a dieta paterna pré-concepcional também tem um papel de grande importância na suscetibilidade da prole à uma série de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis de origem metabólica. Portanto, o presente projeto de doutorado direto teve como objetivo avaliar se o consumo paterno de diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas, durante o período de desenvolvimento do sistema reprodutivo de ratos machos, aumentaria a suscetibilidade da prole feminina à carcinogênese mamária. Adicionalmente buscou-se avaliar quais mecanismos poderiam estar envolvidos nesse processo. Utilizaram-se ratos machos da linhagem Sprague-Dawley (n=20/grupo) que consumiram dieta hiperlipídica com 60% de calorias provenientes de lipídeos de banha (grupo LB) ou óleo de milho (grupo CB), ou dieta controle AIN-93G (grupo CO), por nove semanas, durante os períodos de desenvolvimento e maturação sexual. Esses ratos foram acasalados com fêmeas, que consumiram apenas dieta comercial, na proporção 1:1. Sua prole de 50 dias foi submetida ao modelo de carcinogênese mamária com o uso de 7,12-dimetil-benza[a]antraceno (50mg/kg). O consumo paterno de dietas hiperlipídicas de origem animal ou vegetal conferiram efeitos opostos, com o consumo de dieta com alto teor de ácidos graxos saturados (LB) aumentando e o consumo de dieta com alto teor de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados n-6 (CB) diminuindo o risco de desenvolvimento de câncer de mama na prole feminina. Esses efeitos foram associados à alteração da expressão de 89 miRNAS no espermatozoide dos pais e 23 miRNAs na glândula mamária da prole, com sobreposição de 3 miRNAs (miR-1897-5p, miR-219-1-3p e miR-376a#) que estavam alterados em ambos tecidos. Adicionalmente, a prole feminina de machos que consumiram dieta com alto teor de ácidos graxos saturados apresentou menor diferenciação da glândula mamária, maior nível de proliferação celular, menor nível de apoptose e alteração da expressão de proteínas chaves da regulação celular, como na transição epitélio-mesenquimal. Finalmente, essas fêmeas também apresentaram perfil lipídico alterado semelhante à do seu progenitor masculino, bem como modificações epigenéticas que podem estar relacionadas à etiologia do câncer de mama. Assim, concluímos que a dieta paterna hiperlipídica pré-concepcional programou a suscetibilidade da prole feminina à carcinogênese mamária, porém esse efeito é dependente do tipo de ácido graxo consumido e os efeitos observados possivelmente decorrem de alterações no perfil de expressão de miRNAs.
Figueiredo, Adriana Nogueira. "O ovo em pó na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-28102002-173650/.
Full textTwo experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition, nutrients digestibility and digestible energy and protein of spray-dried egg (OP) and to study the performance and plasma and blood components of weanling pigs fed a diets containing OP. In Experiment I, eight Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs (four barrows and four gilts), averaging 15.9 kg live weight were used for digestibility assay. The animals were assigned to two treatments and four replications/treatment. The treatments consisted of the basal diet and test diet (70% of basal diet + 30% of OP) The method was the partial faeces collection, using 0.5% of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) in the diet as fecal marker. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and crude fat were, respectivily, 87.18, 80.76, 81.99 and 70.54%. From these results of apparent digestibility coeficients and the values of crude protein (56.53%) and gross energy (5,897 kcal/kg) resulted in 43.91% of digestible protein and 5,139 kcal/kg of digestible energy for OP. In Experiment II, ninety Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs (barrows and gilts) were weaned at 24 days of age with 5,6 kg live weight. The experimental period was divided in two phases, 1 to 14 days and 15 to 28 days post-weaning. The treatments consisted of five dietary levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of substitution of plasma protein for OP protein. Pigs were alloted in a randomized block design with nine replications per treatment and two pigs per experimental unit (pen). Pigs were weighed and the data of feed intake per pen were registered every week. Pig performance data such as average daily gain (GDP), daily feed intake (CDR) and feed conversion (CA) were analyzed by polynomial regression. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on performance for 1-14 day post-weaning phase. For the 15-28 phase and for the total period, linear reductions (P < 0.01) of GDP and CDR, were observed with increased dietary OP levels. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on plasma and blood components. Therefore, it can be conclued that the spray-dried egg can completely replace plasma without affecting the performance of pigs during 1-14 day post-weaning phase. For the 15-28 day phase and total period, added OP levels showed a depressive effect on pig performance. The plasma and blood components were not affected by the inclusion of spray-dried egg.
Poirier, Denise Marie. "Nutrient absorption from liquid therapeutic diets in an animal model." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61694.
Full textBeukes, Maya. "Spatial and temporal variation in lion (Panthera leo) diet within the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2345.
Full textA survey in 2010 suggested that the lion (Panthera leo) population of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (KGNP) was exhibiting a skewed sex ratio in favour of males, which can ultimately lead to a decline in lion population numbers. In the KGNP artificial water provision has influenced the abundance of resident prey and potentially, lion diet and body condition. Changes in mammalian diet, and consequently body condition, have been found to influence the sex ratio of offspring. In response to a concern that diet may be influencing lion sex ratios in the KGNP, aspects of the spatial and temporal variation in lion diet were investigated between May 2013 and June 2015. The lion diet profile in the KGNP was described using evidence of prey remains identified through GPS cluster analysis (n = 278) from seven collared lionesses, lion scat analysis (n = 189) and opportunistic observations of lion feeding events (n = 52). Spatial variation in diet was investigated between three regional landscape types (north, south and west), based on the different vegetation types represented within each area, and two habitat types (riverbeds and dunes). Seasonal variations were assessed according to the hot-wet season (November to April), and the cold-dry season (May to October). Findings were also used to assess whether lion diet in KGNP has changed over the last 45 years through evaluating results from historical lion diet studies.
Kim, Eun Joong. "Growth and metabolism of forage-fed beef animals." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366568.
Full textKnorr, David B. "Influence of diet on biomass production of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in laboratory culture." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845951.
Full textDepartment of Natural Resources
Scuderi, Richard Anthony. "The Effects of Diet on the Bovine Milk Proteome." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/846.
Full textSantarosa, Julieta. "Desempenho de pintos oriundos de ovos leves e pesados alimentados com diferentes tipos de ração pré-inicial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-20042010-081258/.
Full textTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate different pre-starter diets on performance of chickens from light and heavy eggs hatched from Ross breeders of different ages. In the experiment 1, these eggs, that showed weight of 59,0 and 70,8g, were hatched from breeders of 42 weeks of age. In the experiment 2, these eggs, that showed 66,9 and 75,1g, were hatched from breeders of 60 weeks of age. The eggs percentage composition was evaluated. After hatching, 288 day-old chicks, males and females, were weight and allocated in 48 cages. In the experiment 1, their live weight was 41,0 and 49,0g; in the experiment 2, 46,2 e 52,1g. The performance trials were conducted in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates, and the treatments consisted of a 2 3 factorial arrangement of egg weight (light and heavy) and three types of the pre-starter feed. The pre-starter diets used were: micro-pelleted diet, with 2900 kcal/kg and low levels of protein and amino acids (P); mash diet, with the same composition (M1); and mash diet, with 2950 kcal/kg and high protein. This feed was provided at a fixed amount of 200 g per chick and, after that, the birds in all treatments were fed a common starter diet in mash form, until 14 days of age. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated on a pen basis. The time required for total consumption of the pre-starter feeds was monitored. In both experiments, the albumen was heavier than the other components. In experiment 1, there was influence of the egg weight only in the first week (P<0,05). At seven days, P diet improved the live weight, weight gain and feed conversion (P<0,05). At 14 days, P diet also improved feed conversion, as well the live weight of chicks from heavy eggs. In the same experiment, heavy chicks consumed 200 g of P diet faster than light chicks. In the experiment 2, the time of intake was not different among treatments (P>0,05). There was not influence of egg weight, but there was influence of P and F2 diets in the first week, that improved the feed conversion. However, this influence did not remain to 14 days (P>0,05). It was concluded that albumen is the heaviest component of egg, inside the same age of breeders. It was also concluded that the chicks from breeders of 42 weeks of age were more influenced by different pre-starter diet composition and egg weight than the chicks from breeders of 60 weeks of age. Although P diet showed lower nutritional level, it improved the performance of chicks from breeders of 42 weeks of age.
Sorbara, José Otávio Berti. "Efeito de diferentes carboidratos na ração pré-inicial de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e a alometria dos órgãos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-14072003-082208/.
Full textThe study of the broiler chicken pre-initial nutrition is an important field to maximize the growth potential expression. The present work analyzed the effect of the quality alteration in the pre-initial feed by carbohydrates sources on the gastrointestinal tract development and on the performance through 42 days. The trial was carried out in brooder batteries with six treatments (feed with 20% ME requirement from glucose, sucrose, corn starch, cassava starch or 5% of lactose, the birds received this feed only in the first week of age) and four replications with 26 chicks. The performance was analyzed from 1 to 7, 7 to 21 and from 21 to 42 days. Chickens were killed to analyze the allometric growth of the gastrointestinal organs from the first to seventh day and on the 21 st and 42 nd day. The feed consumption (P=0,0062), body weight (P=0,0975) in the first week and feed conversion from 21 st to 42 nd (P=0,0163) were affected by the treatments. The livability was not affected by any treatment in any period. The feed consumption from 7 to 21 and from 21 to 42 days was not affected. Also the body weight at 21 and 42 days was not affected by the treatments. The feed conversion from 1 to 7 and from 7 to 21 days was not affected by the treatments. The yolk sack, proventriculus, and the small intestine density were not affected by the treatments. From the first to the seventh day the treatments affected the gizzard weight and the small intestine weight and length. The treatments did not affect any variable at 21 days. At 42 days the pancreas and the small intestine weight were affected by the treatments. In conclusion the carbohydrates: glucose, sucrose, corn starch and cassava starch were beneficial for the performance from 1 to 7 days of age. These treatments resulted in better performance probably due to improvement in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbability capacity, specially the allometric weight of small intestine. However, at 21 and 42 days of age the improvement on performance was not detected.
Littlefield, Courtney Elizabeth. "Assessment of Metabolic Changes Associated with Drug Application and Diet Modification using NMR Metabolomics." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587059728473479.
Full textClark, Patrick M. "The effects of nutrient uniformity and modified feed processing on animal performance." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/233.
Full textOliveira, Ana Maria Barretto de Menezes Sampaio de. "Substituição de fontes protéicas de origem animal por fontes protéicas de origem vegetal em rações para o "Black Bass" Micropterus salmoides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-25092003-082811/.
Full textCommercial farming of carnivorous fish demands the use of a complex group of practices of production and feeding management, the reduction of the environmental impact of the feeds and the minimization of the use of animal protein sources in the diets. The present study investigated the use of feed stimulants in diets formulated exclusively out of plant protein, and their effects in growth performance, body composition and digestibility of the feeds for the carnivore largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, conditioned to accept dry feed. Nine hundred juvenile largemouth bass (26.54 ± 1.53 g) were stocked in 60, 90-L polyethylene aquaria (15 fish/aquarium), in a totally randomized experimental design (n=3). Fish were fed ad libitum two daily meals (0700 and 1700), for 13 days, with a basal diet (100% plant protein) containing increasing levels of fish soluble protein FSP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%); Fisharom TM FA (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12%); fish silage FS (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0%); a positive control (10% of fish meal) and a negative control (basal diet without stimulants). Fish fed the diet containing 0.02%FA presented better growth rate, weight gain and feed conversion rate, but did not differ from the other treatments (P>0,05). Fish fed diets containing FS as stimulant presented the poorest performance. Next, the effect of different levels of dietary plant protein in the performance and body composition of the species was evaluated. Five hundred and sixty juvenile largemouth bass (3.06 ± 0.20 g) were stocked in 60-L cages, inside 1,000-L polyethylene tanks, installed at a laboratory with closed water-recirculating system and controled temperature (27 o C ± 1.07 o C) and photoperiod (14L:10D). Fish were fed ad libitum two daily meals (0700 and 1700), for 43 days, with 7 isonitrogenous (40% of PB) and isoenergetic (3,500 kcal/kg) diets, containing decreasing levels of plant protein: 100PP:00AP; 100PP + 0.02% Fisharom®; 80PP:20AP; 60PP:40AP; 40PP:60AP; 50PP:50AP (without fish meal); and a control diet (commercial feed). Inclusion of fish meal and feathers meal was limited to 7%; the inclusion of poultry by-product meal and meat and bone meal to 15%. DL methionine (98%) and L-lysine (80%) were added automatically through feed formulation software matrix. Trial was set up in a totally randomized experimental design (n=4). Finally, digestibility of the diets used in the experiment 2 was studied. One thousand, nine hundred and eighty juvenile largemouth bass (14.0 ± 1.0 cm) conditioned to accept artificial, dry feed were confined in polypropilene cages and fed, for 40 days, in day time, with the seven experimental diets added of 0.5% of cromic oxide. In the night, cages were transferred to cylindrical-conical bottomed, 200-L aquaria, where feces were collected by sedimentation into refrigerated containers. Data were submitted to the ANOVA and Tukeys test of comparison of means through statistical software package SAS (P=0.05). Soybean meal can be used as partial substitute of animal protein in diets for largemouth bass; the poultry by-product meal shows as a good option as animal protein source in these rations. Best performances were related to the control treatments and 50PP:50AP; the need for the use of fishmeal in the formulation of diets for carnivorous species is, at least, questionable. Results of the digestibility trials demonstrated the importance of determining the digestibility of the rations, if precision in the formulation of least-cost feeds for carnivorous fish is the ultimate goal.
Lattimer, James M. "Effects of diet induced short chain fatty acids on blood metabolites and key regulators of lipid metabolism in gilts." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13613.
Full textDepartment of Human Nutrition
Mark D. Haub
Background: Dietary fiber has been shown to help improve several metabolic disorders including obesity and type II diabetes. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of energy restriction and dietary fiber and subsequent production of short chain fatty acids on body composition, biomarkers of health, and hepatic and myocellular expression of key regulators of lipid metabolism Methods: Crossbred gilts (n=17) were randomly assigned to either a control (CON), high fiber (HF) or energy restricted (ER) diet for 42 days. Gilts on the CON and HF diets were fed ad libitum. The ER Gilts were pair fed HF gilts and matched for body weight gain. Blood samples were collected and glucose, insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations were measured. Liver and muscle tissue were biopsied and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama (PGC-1α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) were determined via RT-PCR. Results: HF gilts had significantly higher plasma TG and lower NEFA concentrations when compared to the CON and ER. The HF diet elicited a significant increase in all plasma SCFA concentrations. No differences in fold change of myocyte CPT1 and PGC-1α mRNA expression were found while they tended to be lower in hepatic samples of the HF gilts. HF gilts also had a lower (P < 0.05) back fat thickness when compared to the ER even though energy intakes were similar. Minimal changes were observed in fasting glucose and insulin as a result of diet. Conclusions: Gilts consuming a diet high in dietary fiber (DF) significantly altered their plasma lipid profiles independently to that of energy restriction and body weight and appears to be a result of plasma SCFA concentration. DF and/or SCFA appear to have minimal affects on CPT1 and PGC-1α in the liver and muscle of gilts.
Netto, Arlindo Saran. "Efeitos da interação selênio, enxofre e cobre na dieta de cordeiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-16032015-081620/.
Full textThe experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Zootechny and Food Engeneering, Campus of Pirassununga. Thirty two not castrated lambs, three months of age, average initial weight of 23 kg were housed in indvidual metabolic plastic cages. After 14 days of adaptation period they were allocated to one of the treatments during 90 days. Control: O.2ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 1: 5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.25% S, Treatment 2: 0.2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.37 % S Treatment 3: 5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.37 % S Treatment 4: 0.2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 5: 0.2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 6: 5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 7: 5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.37% S. The experimental design was in randomized block by weight and it was studied the interaction among selenium, copper and sulfur, through analysis on the serum, feces, urine and liver, hematocrit and weight gain. It was verified a triple interaction, high concentrations of sulfur and copper on the diets of lambs receiving 5 ppm Se, reduced concentration of selenium on the serum and Iiver, increased the selenium excretion through feces and elimination through urine. Selenium and supplemental sulfur reduced the amount of copper absorbed and copper concentration in the liver and serum. It was a good weight gain ( higher than 209g/lamb/day), but with hight concentration of sulfur and copper for the levei normal selenium the weight gain was higher (P < 0.05), in average 236g/lamb/day. The hematocrit was not affected.
Hamilla, Rachel A. Hamilla. "Orangutan health and behavior: Implications for nutrition in captivity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524433293426808.
Full textMeyer, Paula Marques. "Fatores não-nutricionais que afetam as concentrações de nitrogênio uréico no leite." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-09022004-164448/.
Full textThis thesis consists of 4 studies, with the objective to assess non-nutritional factors that may affect milk urea nitrogen concentration (MUN) of dairy cows from a commercial herd, developing models for their prediction, as well as, validating prediction models from the literature. The first trial was conducted to evaluate methods and time of storage on the results of milk analysis (concentration of fat, protein, lactose and total solids (TS), somatic cells count (SCC) and MUN). Milk was collected from a bulk tank, poured into 210 vials and preserved with bronopol. Samples were used in a completely randomized design with a 4X5+1 factorial arrangement of treatments. One factor was storage method: 1) refrigerated (R), 2) frozen (F), 3) stored at controlled temperature (CT) and 4) stored at variable temperature (VT). The other factor was storage time of samples: 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after collection, plus day 0, used as control. Analysis of variance, regression analysis up to quadratic effect and orthogonal contrasts were done. Somatic cells count was analyzed as natural log transformation (LSCC). Fat concentration showed significant linear decreases, in function of time, for CT and VT, as well as, total solids concentration and LSCC for all storage methods. Milk urea nitrogen showed lack of fit, through time, for all storage methods. For the other 3 studies, 8,833 observations were used, coming from 855 Holstein cows, from September/2000 up to January/2002. Data were collected on the milk sampling day, which was done monthly. Calving seasons (CS) were divided in summer and winter. The objective of the second study was to investigate further the influence of non-nutritional factors on MUN. Simple linear regression analyses were done, using all other collected data as independent variable and MUN as dependent variable. Milk production and milk protein concentration were the most associated factors with MUN concentrations. The objective of the third study was to develop models to estimate MUN, in function of days in milk (DIM), lactation number and calving season, for field conditions. To estimate MUN, a model, proposed by Wood (1967) to describe the lactation curve, was used. Models were adjusted by least square methodology. Concentrations of MUN showed similar pattern to the lactation curve, in function of DIM, differing among 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th -5 th lactations and being influenced by calving season. The objective of the fourth study was to validate three models for predicting MUN. Model 1 was MUN = UN/12.54, model 2 was MUN = UN/17.6 and model 3 was MUN = UN/(0.0259 x BW), where UN = urinary nitrogen and BW = body weight. To evaluate those models, accuracy, precision and robustness were tested. Considering the three methods of estimating dry matter intake of animals, its possible to conclude that the three models for predicting MUN differ among themselves, regarding accuracy, precision and robustness, presenting questionable use in the field.
Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni de. "Ractopamina, cromo-metionina e suas combinações como aditivos modificadores do metabolismo de suínos em crescimento e terminação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-11022009-105700/.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ractopamine, chromium-methionine and their combinations in growing and finishing diets on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs. Sixty-four pigs of Topigs genetic with 26.56 ± 3.11 kg initial live weight were used in a randomized complete block design experiment, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement [two ractopamine levels (0 and 5 ppm) and two chromium-methionine levels (0 and 400 ppb)], resulting four treatments. The treatments were: C control: basal diet with corn and soybean meal; Rac ractopamine: basal diet with the inclusion of 5 ppm de ractopamine dos 70.32 to 114.80 kg; Cr-Met chromium-methionine: basal diet with the inclusion of 400 ppb of chromium-methionine dos 26,56 to 114,80 kg; Rac + Cr-Met ractopamine + chromiummethionine: basal diet with the inclusion of 400 ppb of chromium-methionine dos 26,56 to 114,80 kg and 5 ppm of ractopamine dos 70.32 to 114.80 kg. Eight replications (blocks) per treatment and two animals per experimental unit (one barrow and one gilt) were used. The experimental period was divided in three phases according to average live weight of animals: growing I: 26.56 to 50.51 kg BW, growing II: 50.51 to 70.32 kg BW and finishing: 70.32 to 114.80 kg BW. When pigs reached 114.80 ± 4.98 kg BW, a 24-hour-fasting period was given to animals before slaughter. Pig carcasses were stored for 24 hours in cold camera and then data of cold carcass yield, carcass length, backfat thickness, loin eye area and fat area/loin eye area ratio were registered. Samples of Longissimus dorsi of each animal were taken 24 hours postmortem to determine colour, pH and drip loss of meat. Ractopamine improved feed conversion (P=0.05) and some carcass traits [cold carcass yield (P=0.05), loin eye area (P<0.004), fat area/loin eye area ratio (P<0.04), but not affect the backfat thickness (P>0.05)]. Ractopamine reduced water drip loss (P<0.05), a* (P<0.004) and b* (P<0.05) values of meat. Chromium-methionine decreased daily feed intake (P<0.03), but did not affect the carcass traits (P>0.05) and meat quality (P>0.05) of pigs. Combination of ractopamine and chromium-methionine did not affect performance (P>0.05), carcass traits (P>0.05) and meat quality (P>0.05) of animal. Therefore, this study showed that only ractopamine can enhance performance, carcass traits and some meat quality traits of pigs.
Owens, Jacob Michael. "Influence of Supplemental Legumes that Contain Tannins and Saponins on Intake and Diet Digestibility in Sheep Fed Grasses that Contain Alkaloids." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/174.
Full textChristiansen, Michael Lee. "Gastrointestinal acidity, protein and starch digestibility and amino acid absorption in ruminants fed a high-concentrate diet with limestone, magnesium oxide or defluorinated phosphate." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54321.
Full textPh. D.
Howery, Larry D., Fred D. Provenza, and George B. Ruyle. "How Do Domestic Herbivores Select Nutritious Diets on Rangelands?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625544.
Full textAnimal learning has been shown to play a major role in the development of diet selection by domestic herbivores. Dr. Frederick Provenza and his associates at Utah State University have conducted a series of studies over the past 30 years to learn how physiological and behavioral mechanisms govern diet selection. In this paper, we synthesize several key diet selection concepts presented in 4 articles (i.e., Provenza et al. 1992; Provenza 1995, 1996, 1997). Reviewed 12/2014; originally published 05/1998.
Wojno, Michal. "Improved diet utilization of intensively cultured fish to address environmental sustainability - amino acid requirement in carp (Cyprinus carpio)." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408726386.
Full textHeger, Genevieve G. "Effects of Diet on Escherichia Coli O157:h7 Growth and Nutritional Content of Beef." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/332.
Full textRomano, Gislaine Goretti. "Efeitos do glicerol no metabolismo de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de glicerina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-22032013-102123/.
Full textTwo experiments were conducted with the objective of identifying the metabolic response of chickens fed diets containing glycerin and verify the effect of this ingredient in some blood parameters. In Experiment I, 100 broilers with 20 days of age were housed in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replications and 5 birds per cage. Treatments consisted of a control diet, based on corn and soybean meal, and four other diets with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% biodiesel glycerin. The glycerin contained 83.63% glycerol, 1.83% sodium and 397 mg/kg of methanol and the metabolizable energy value of 3.258 kcal/kg was considered for formulation. The diets were isoenergetic and with values adjusted for the other nutrientes. For the blood parameters (cholesterol and triglycerides), glycerol concentration in the liver and liver weight there was no significant effect (P>0.05) of inclusion of glycerin. The glycerol concentration in the serum of birds consuming 10% glycerin increased during the first 9 days of ingestion of diet (P<0.05), then returning to the level of the control until 35 d of age. In Experiment II, from 1 to 42 days of age, 160 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were similar to those described in Experiment I. In the first phase, groups of 8 birds were raised in heated brooders. In the second phase, from 21 to 42 d of age, the birds were transferred of cages and maintained in groups of 4 birds. The cages were equipped with a tray for excreta collection and trough type feeder and drinker. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in water intake in birds fed 7.5% and 10.0% of glycerin on the 4th and 8th days. The feed intake increased (P<0.05) on the 8th and 12th daysfor the birds in treatments with 2.5% and 7.5% of glycerin and there was a decrease d consumption with 10.0% glycerin. The moisture of the excreta increased (P<0.05) for diets containing 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% glycerin at the 16th and 20th days old. The differences were not significant for these variables at the other ages. There was no difference (P>0.05) for moisture in the ileal contents of birds at 42 days. There was a linear effect (P<0.01) of the levels of glycerin, increasing crypt depth and reducing the ratio villus:crypt ratio, without affecting the length of the villi. High levels of glycerin in the diet may induce metabolic changes in broilers with increase in blood glycerol, water consumption, moisture of the excreta and in the rate of cell replacement in the intestinal epithelium.
Sampels, Sabine. "Fatty acids and antioxidants in reindeer and red deer : emphasis on animal nutrition and consequent meat quality /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200531.pdf.
Full textPuccinelli, Eleonora. "Diet of coastal filter feeders : impact of factors operating at different scales." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017807.
Full textBicudo, Álvaro José de Almeida. "Exigências nutricionais de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887): proteína, energia e aminoácidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-18112008-094532/.
Full textPacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, a neotropical, omnivorous native characin, widely used in Brazilian aquaculture. However, some aspects of your nutrition are controversial or ignored. This work aimed at determining dietary protein, energy and amino acids requirements of juvenile pacu through the evaluation of performance, body composition and hematological parameters. In a first trial, pacu juveniles (15.5±0.4 g) were fed twice a day for 10 weeks until apparent saciety with diets containing crude protein (CP) from 22 to 38 % (intervals of 4%) and digestible energy levels among 2600 and 3400 kcal kg-1 (intervals of 200 kcal), in a totally randomized experimental design, 5 × 5 factorial scheme (n=3). Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly with amount dietary CP. Nitrogen retention (NR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased (p<0.05) with increasing dietary protein at all tested levels of dietary energy. DE levels affected (p<0.05) whole body moisture, protein, fat, ash, gross energy and condition factor. Economic efficiency ratio was influenced by dietary protein (p<0.05) and digestible energy (p<0.05), and by interaction between the two factors. However, income was affected by dietary protein level (p<0.05) alone. Significant effect of treatments in hematological parameters were registered for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein and plasma glucose. Crude protein requirements and optimum protein:energy ratio for weight gain of juveniles of pacu were 271 g kg-1 and 92.9 mg kcal-1, respectively. All dietary crude protein and digestible energy levels studied did not pose harms to fish health. Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (4.3 g) was determined by feeding five isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) amino acid test diets containing casein, gelatin and Lcrystalline amino acids with graded levels of lysine (0.90, 1.17, 1.44, 1.69 and 1.96% of dry diet) for 74 days, three times a day until apparent satiation, to groups (n=4) of 18 fish in a totally randomized design trial. No mortality or nutritional deficiency signs were observed; reduced growth was recorded for fish fed diets with either the lower or the higher lysine contents. Final weight (FW), WG, SGR, feed efficiency (FE), PER, NR, proximate whole body composition, morphometry and hematology were affected (p<0.05) by dietary lysine concentrations. Seconddegree polynomial regression analysis of WG and PER data indicated dietary lysine requirement of 1.45, 1,51 and 1.43% of dry diet, respectively to WG, FE and PPV. Significantly higher lipid and protein contents values were obtained for whole body of fish fed the diets with 0.9 and 1.96% of lysine. Lysine requirement of juvenile pacu was determined as being 1.5% of dry diet.
Lamar, Kathryn C. "Effects Of Dietary Potassium Carbonate And Fat Concentration in High Distiller Grain Diets Fed To Dairy Cows." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374228532.
Full textNengas, Ioannis. "Evaluation of animal and plant by-products as constituents in diets for seabream Sparus aurata L." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2406.
Full textBorges, Gisele Daiana Silveira. "Substituição do milho por glicerina bruta na dieta de caprinos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1535.
Full textIn order to evaluate the effects of adding levels of crude glycerin replacing corn in the diet of goats on intake, digestibility and ruminal diets containing zero, six, 12 and 18% crude glycerin were tested. The diets were composed of 55 % concentrate and 45% roughage (hay Tifton 85). Using four fistulated Boer goats and four intact on a double 4x4 Latin square. The intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and fiber NDF did not differ among treatments in g/day and %BW, as did the consumption of hay and concentrate. The consumption of protein, ADF and ether extract responding quadratic and linear treatments to positive and negative manner, respectively, in g/day and % BW. The consumption of protein had a quadratic effect in g / day and did not change in % BW. The ADF digestibility increased linearly in % BW. Nitrogen balance and pH did not differ among treatments. The ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen showed significant differences depending on the time of collection. The ammonia nitrogen also showed linear decrease with increasing levels of glycerin. The results of this study show that the use of crude glycerin replacing corn in the diet of goats, up to the level of 18% does not cause negative effects on consumption, diet digestibility, rumen pH and nitrogen balance. The ammonia nitrogen decreases with increasing levels of glycerin, however, remains at appropriate levels for ruminal activity.
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Sado, Ricardo Yuji. "Imunoestimulantes dietéticos e respostas biológicas, bioquímicas e hematológicas de juvenis de Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-11022009-091806/.
Full textThe growth of aquaculture production as well as fish consumption can lead to intensification of fish production systems. The growing environmental concern regarding production of fish as food has required fish farmers to conform to Best Management Practices (BPMs), and that include reduction or, preferably, complete banning antibiotics from the production cycle through the use of immunostimulants. This study was set out to determine effects of different dietary additives (levamisole, vitamin E and mannan oligosaccharides - MOS) on biological, hematological and biochemical responses of pacu. All additives affected analyzed variables regarding to growth parameters and hematology. Levamisole presented time and dose efficacy, best results presented in fish supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 of dietary levamisole for 15 days. Vitamin E supplementation is essential for growth and maintenance of normal hematological values for pacu. In the present study, fish supplemented with 82.7 mg kg-1 of dietary vitamin E presented the best growth and no hematological disturbs. Dietary MOS did not present consistent results. Although not significant (p>0,05), MOS-supplemented fish presented higher total villi perimeter, in absolute values, than fish fed control diet. However studies regarding the mode of action of MOS as prebiotic for pacu as well as the effects of levamisole on fish growth are necessary.
McLean, Fiona Hamilton. "The impact of a high-fat diet on memory in mice." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231763.
Full textGabarra, Paola Ranzani. "Digestibilidade de nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais e sanguíneos de novilhos nelore alimentados com fontes protéicas e energéticas com diferentes degradabilidades ruminais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-11062002-105021/.
Full textFour Nelore steers, cannulated in the duodenum and in the rumen, averaging 300 kg of live weight, were used in a 4x4 Latin Square design, to test the improvement of ruminal synchronization of starch and protein degradation. Two methods of corn processing (fine grinding (1,5mm) vs steam flaking (300g/l)) and 2 protein sources (soybean meal vs urea) were compared in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The diets contained 13% of tropical grass hay and 87% of concentrate, averaging 13% CP and 83% TDN. Steam flaking of corn decreased (P<0,01) starch concentration in duodenal digesta, suggesting a higher ruminal degradation of this nutrient. This would explain the actual decrease in ruminal N-NH3 (P<0,01) and pH (P<0,15) and the increase in molar concentration of ruminal C3 (P<0,01). PUN concentration was decreased (P<0,01) by steam flaking of corn compared to fine grinding. The probable increase of starch degraded in the rumen and post rumen, due to steam flaking, increased (P<0,01) digestibility of this nutrient in the total tract (89,22 x 98,90%), compared to fine grinding. However, the total tract DM digestibility was not increased (P>0,05) by steam flaking, probably due to the decrease (P<0,01) in NDF digestibility. The replacement of soybean meal by urea had no effect (P>0,05) on ruminal fermentation and on intake and total tract digestion of nutrients.
Silva, Leandro da. "Utilização de betaína em substituição parcial de diferentes fontes de metionina na dieta de frangos de corte." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1522.
Full textBetaine has been used as a source of sparing methionine in the diet of broilers, once its cheaper than methionine, which reduces the final cost of diet. Another factor of interest in the use of betaine is over its osmo-protector function, that assists in the regulation of cell function, especially in stress phases. In this study two sources of methionine (DL-Methionine and Methionine-MHA) were studied at different levels of methionine + cystine, and two inclusion percentage of betaine in the diet at different raising stages. From 1 to 7 and 8 to 21 days, the birds fed diets with reduced levels of methionine and cystine without betaine supplementation underperformed. When deficient diets were supplemented performance equated to the positive treatments. There was no difference as to sources of methionine. In the 22-42 days period, dry matter of carcass and carcass yield, breast, leg, wing and abdominal fat did not differ. Methionine sources differed significantly for feed intake, protein deposition rate and relative weight of liver. Weight gain showed satisfactory result considering the use of betaine, and the 7% reduction with supplementation showed equal performance to the control. When DL-Methionine was used, higher protein deposition rates were observed with 7% reduction in the amount of methionine + cystine supplementation with 500 g ton-1 Betaine. For Methionine-MHA the same was observed with 7% reduction methionine + cystine and supplementation of 1000 g ton-1. The fat deposition rate was statistically higher in treatments supplemented with betaine, but abdominal fat did not differ.
Pulz, Lilian Martini. "The importance of the supplementation of zinc in nursey pig diets." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4525.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
Whitney, Travis Raymond. "Effects of weaning programs on metabolic profiles and hepatic IGF-1 mRNA of first-calf heifers and mature cows, and effects of diet for early-weaned steers on response to an infectious bovine herpesvirus-1 challenge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280572.
Full textAllen, Heather Michelle. "Nitrogen accretion and excretion in broilers fed diets low in protein during the starter period /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418000.
Full textNalle, Catootjie Lusje. "Nutritional evaluation of grain legumes for poultry : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Poultry Nutrition at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1021.
Full textMcDaniel, Michael Reid. "The effects of dosing feedlot cattle with Megasphaera elsdenii strain NCIMB 41125 prior to the introduction of a grain-rich diet." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1666.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of [italic]Megasphaera elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 and its potential use in the mitigation of ruminal acidosis. In experiment 1, a metabolism study was conducted to evaluate ruminal parameters, quantify changes in ruminal bacterial populations, and determine in vitro capacity for lactate utilization following intraruminal dosing of a placebo or [italic]M. [italic]elsdenii strain NCIMB 41125 and an abrupt diet change. Angus crossbred steers (n=20; average BW=253 ± 24 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were blocked by BW and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments consisted of intraruminal dosing with a placebo (100 mL of autoclaved culture), or 10, 100, or 1,000 mL of a live culture containing 1.62×108 CFU/mL of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125. Prior to inoculation, cattle were placed into individual pens in an enclosed facility and allowed free access to alfalfa hay, salt, and water. Feed and water were removed for 24 h prior to administering treatments, after which, cattle were allowed free access to a diet consisting of 34% alfalfa hay and 66% steam-flaked corn-based concentrate. On d 7, cattle were fed an 80% concentrate diet. On d 12, steers were started on the final finishing diet of 94% concentrate. Ruminal pH and concentrations of lactate and VFAs were monitored following introduction of each concentrate diet. Ruminal samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after feeding for quantitative rt-PCR detection of native and introduced strains of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic], as well as total bacterial genomes. Capacity for metabolism of lactic acid was evaluated by inoculating 0.2 mL of strained ruminal fluid into anaerobic culture tubes containing 15 mL of semi-defined lactate medium. Tubes were incubated at 39˚C, and turbidity changes were determined by measuring absorbance at 2 h intervals up to 12 h. Experiment 2 was conducted in a commercial feedlot to evaluate the efficacy of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 for improving feedlot performance. A second objective of the study was to determine if oral dosing of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] has the potential for reducing the number of cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease. Angus steers and heifers (n = 3179; average BW = 356 ± 58.4kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with two treatments. Cattle were assigned to treatment on an every-other-head basis such that every-other-animal was orally drenched with 100 mL of a culture medium containing 1.5×108 cfu/mL [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 at processing. Cattle were blocked by gender and date of arrival. To maximize profitability, cattle were sorted via visual appraisal to identify cattle that were market ready. Cattle were shipped to a commercial abattoir in Lexington, NE for harvest. Data obtained for each pen of cattle included feedlot performance, morbidity, mortality, carcass characteristics, and grid-based program carcass qualifications. In trial 1, compared to the placebo group, cattle administered [italic]Megasphaera[italic] maintained higher ruminal pH 24 h after the carbohydrate challenge (P < 0.05). Ruminal lactate concentrations increased in response to the diet change (P < 0.05), but concentrations were lower for cattle that received [italic]Megasphaera[italic] compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Total number of bacterial genomes 24 h after inoculation was unaffected by intraruminal dosing of [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] strain NCIMB 41125 (P > 0.05), but populations of undifferentiated [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] and strain NCIMB 41125 increased by 24 h after inoculation (P < 0.05). Turbidity of cultures inoculated with ruminal fluid increased in response to [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] administration (P < 0.05), suggesting a greater capacity for lactate utilization in inoculated cattle compared to the placebo group. In trial 2, no differences in feed efficiency were observed (P > 0.05). Compared to cattle dosed with [italic]Megasphaera[italic], the control group had more USDA yield grade 2 carcasses (P < 0.05), and cattle dosed with [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] had more USDA yield grade 5 carcasses (P < 0.05). [italic]Megasphaera[italic] cattle also tended to have more USDA Prime carcasses (P = 0.14). No effects on incidence of liver abscesses were observed. Dosing cattle with [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] prior to introduction of typical concentrate diets may be useful in preventing ruminal lactate accumulation and associated depressions in ruminal pH. Inoculating cattle with [italic]M. elsdenii[italic] is effective in bolstering populations of ruminal lactate utilizers, and may be useful in preventing ruminal lactate accumulation in grain-fed cattle. No effects on reducing episodes of BRD were noted.
Pomeroy, Stephanie K. "Effect of dietary lysine and genetics on indices of energy and protein metabolism in rainbow trout and alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6035.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 89 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-73).
Damasceno, Danielle Zanerato. "Arginina na dieta de reprodutores de Rhamdia quelen /." Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153594.
Full textCoorientador: Fábio Bittencourt
Banca: Sérgio Ricardo Batlouni
Banca: Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves
Banca: Eduardo Antonio Sanches
Banca: Taís da Silva Lopes
Resumo: Informações sobre a nutrição de reprodutores são fundamentais para que haja uma boa performance reprodutiva, e maior qualidade na produção de gametas e prole, entretanto esse tipo de estudo ainda não é realiado em grande quantidade. Com base nisso este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da arginina na nutrição de reprodutores de Rhamdia quelen. Para isso 800 juvenis da espécie foram alimentados durante cinco meses com dietas que continham diferentes níveis de arginina (1,37; 1,67; 1,97; 2,27 e 2,57%). Após este período reprodutores de cada tratamento foram selecionados e induzidos hormonalmente (2.5 mg.kg-1 Extrato Hipofisário de Carpa para machos e 5.5 mg.kg-1 para fêmea), após 240 horas-grau foi realizada a coleta de sêmen e ovócitos. No sêmen foi avaliado: volume, pH, concentração, motilidade e velocidade espermática, normalidade, e foi aferido o diâmetro do ovócitos. As gônadas, fígado e gordura visceral de ambos os sexos foram removidas e pesadas para cálculo dos índices somáticos, e foi realizada a fertilização, incubação e após a abertura da boca as larvas foram transferidas para caixas de plástico onde foi realizada a larvicultura durante 10 dias. Foi realizada quantificação de: vitelogenina no plasma sanguíneo de fêmeas e de óxido nítrico nas gônadas de machos e fêmeas. Verificamos que a suplementação com 2,27% de arginina influenciou a produção seminal, tanto em volume quanto em concentração, ao mesmo tempo que promoveu a produção de ovócitos com maior ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Information about broodstock nutrition are essential for a good reproductive performance, and higher quality in gamete and offspring production, however this type of study is still not performed in large quantity. With the objective of assessing the effect of arginine on the reproduction of Rhamdia quelen females, 800 fish were fed for five months with diets containing 1.37, 1.67, 1.97, 2.27 and 2.57% arginine for seven months. After this period the fish of each treatment were selected and received hormonal induction (2.5 mg.kg-1 carp pituitary extract for males and 5.5 mg.kg-1 for females), after 240 termal units accumulated the semen and oocytes were collected. The semen were collected and analysed: volum, pH, concentration, velocity, motility and normality, and the diameter of oocytes. The gonad, liver, visceral fat of both sexes were collected to somatic analysis. The fertilization, incubation and after the larvae open the mouth were transfered to plastic box were the larviculture was carried for 10 days. Were analysed the production of vitellogenin in bood plasm of female and nitric oxide on gonad of males and females. We observed that the addition of 2.27% arginine influenced the seminal production, both in volum and concentration, at the same time that it promoted the oocyte production ith bigger diameter, that consequently generated more resistant larvae. The addition of 2.27% arginine to the diet of R. quelen females favored reproductive parameters, which suggests th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
McGill, Elizabeth Ruth Firman Jeffre D. "Effects of low crude protein diets with amino acid supplementation on broiler performance in the starter period." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6457.
Full textLópez, López Lino Constancio. "Botanical and chemical composition of diets selected by alpacas (Lama pacos) pastured in the Ulla Ulla wetlands." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5382.
Full textBalabuszko, Rachel. "A Study of the Impact of a High Fat and High Cholesterol Diet on Cortical Bone in Captive Baboons." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514721084433706.
Full textGalvani, Diego Barcelos. "Exigências e eficiência energética e protéica de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês alimentados com dietas contendo volumosos de valor nutricional distinto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-13092011-105632/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using roughages with different nutritive value on requirements and efficiency of energy and protein use of growing ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês sheep. For this purpose, eighty four non-castrated male lambs were weaned at 56 days of age (initial BW = 18.0 ± 3.3 kg) and penned in individual stalls, being divided into two groups: VBVN - lambs fed diet containing roughage with low nutritive value (sugarcane bagasse in natura); and VAVN - lambs fed diet containing roughage with high nutritive value (coastcross hay). From these lambs, seven animals from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered after a 10-day adaptation period (reference animals). Twenty one animals in each group were then fed ad libitum and slaughtered at 25, 35, or 45 kg of live weight (seven animals per group), and the remaining 28 animals were submitted to one of two levels of feed restriction: either 70 or 50% of the ad libitum intake. Concentrations and retentions of body fat, nitrogen, and energy were determined. Additionally, six non-castrated males (PV mean = 52.3 ± 6.9 kg), canulated in the rumen, were kept in metabolic cages to evaluate diets digestibility, and to estimate metabolizable energy concentrations of the diets and the metabolizable protein intake. Diet degradability was assessed by an in vitro assay. Dry matter intake and average daily weight gain were higher for animals fed the diet containing coastcross hay. On the other hand, better gain-to-feed ratio was observed for those fed the diet containing sugarcane bagasse. There was no effect of intake level on metabolizable energy content of the diet, but it was higher in the diet containing sugarcane bagasse (3.18 vs. 2.94). Animals receiving the diet containing sugarcane bagasse presented higher body fat and energy concentrations, as a response of a larger visceral fat deposition. Using roughages with low nutritive value in high energy diets for growing lambs, does not increases energy requirements for maintenance. However, increasing concentrate proportion in the diet improves the efficiency of metabolizable energy use for weight gain, which is directly associated with a larger retention of visceral fat. Under a meat production perspective, however, that increased nutritional efficiency should be took with caution, since it is related to the deposition of tissues not intended to human consumption. Protein requirements for growth of lambs ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês are accurately predicted by the AFRC (1993) equations. None of the current nutritional systems, however, is able to predict energy requirements of these animals from 15 to 45 kg of body weight.
Tse, Marcos Livio Panhoza. "Proteína láctea e zinco suplementar em dietas de leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-26092007-101327/.
Full textA hundred and twenty Dalland pigs (60 in each experiment), weaned at 21 days of age and with 5,43 kg ± 0,46 (Exp. 1) e 5,81 kg ± 0,54 (Exp. 2) of average live weight were used to evaluate the presence of milk protein or supplemental zinc on performance, IGF-I, GH and zinc plasma concentrations, intestinal morphology and relative weight of liver and small intestine. A 14-d (Exp.1) and 28-d (Exp.2) randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (milk protein and supplemental zinc): T1 = basal diet with corn and soybean meal (BD) with milk protein (MP) + 2000 ppm of zinc (ZnO) + 250 ppm of zinc (Zn-amino acid); T2 = BD with MP with no supplemental zinc; T3 = BD with no MP + 2000 ppm of zinc (ZnO) + 250 ppm of zinc (Zn- amino acid); T4 = BD with no MP and no supplemental zinc. In Exp.1, pigs fed with supplemental zinc had lower feed conversion (FC) for 1-7d period (P<.04) and for 1-14d period showed higher body weight at 28 days (BW28) (P<.06) and average daily gain (ADG) (P<.05). The MP improved FC for 1-7d (P<.001) and 1-14d period (P<.02), respectively. For plasma concentrations, supplemental zinc decreased IGF-I concentrations (P<.007) while there was an increase IGF-I concentration for MP at 14-d. For morphology data, MP provided shorter crypts depth (CD) on jejune at 7-d (P<.07) and higher villus height (VH) on duodenum at 14-d (P<.04). There was interaction between zinc and MP for VH:CD relation on jejune at 7-d (P<.009) and also this relation was bigger for animals fed with MP (P<.004) and supplemental zinc (P<.02). The relative weight of liver at 14-d was smaller for animal fed with supplemental zinc (P<.02). In Exp.2, for 1-14d period, the animals fed with MP decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<.01), while the supplemental zinc increased BW14 (P<.07) e decreased ADFI (P<.01). For 14-28d period, there was interaction between MP and supplemental zinc for BW28 e ADG (P<.05). Also, the animals fed supplemental zinc had higher BW28 e ADG. For the whole period (1-28d), there was interaction between MP and supplemental zinc (P<.07) for BW28, ADG e FC and considering isolated factors, supplemental zinc provided higher BW28 (P<.007) e higher ADG (P<.007) and MP for this period provided better FC (P<.01).
Schmidt, Debra Ann. "Fiber enrichment of captive primate diets /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060139.
Full textSchwartz, Emily M. "DIGESTIBILITY OF TWO COMPLETE PELLETED DIETS BY THE HORSE (EQUUS CABALLUS) AS A MODEL ANIMAL FOR NONDOMESTIC HINDGUT FERMENTERS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1505.
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