Academic literature on the topic 'Animal diet and nutrition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Animal diet and nutrition"
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László Babinszky. "Scientific background of precision animal nutrition." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2503.
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Precision animal nutrition consists of meeting the nutrient requirements of animals as accurately as possible in the interest of a safe, high-quality and efficient production, besides ensuring the lowest possible load on the environment. This is facilitated by electronic feeding based on IT technology, an important but by far not the only tool of precision nutrition. In the present paper the following most important elements of precision nutrition are discussed: diet formulation, quality control of ingredients and compound feeds, reduction of the harmful effects of heat stress in pigs with different nutritional tools, application of the recent findings of the molecular genetics in animal nutrition, the relationship between genetics and animal nutrition and reduction of the N and P excretion by nutritional tools.
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Adams, Clifford A. "Nutrition-based health in animal production." Nutrition Research Reviews 19, no. 1 (June 2006): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr2005115.
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Events such as BSE, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza illustrate the importance of animal health on a global basis. The only practical solution to deal with such problems has usually been mass culling of millions of animals at great effort and expense. Serious consideration needs to be given to nutrition as a practical solution for health maintenance and disease avoidance of animals raised for food. Health or disease derives from a triad of interacting factors; diet–disease agent, diet–host and disease agent–host. Various nutrients and other bioactive feed ingredients, nutricines, directly influence health by inhibiting growth of pathogens or by modulating pathogen virulence. It is possible to transform plant-based feed ingredients to produce vaccines against important diseases and these could be fed directly to animals. Nutrients and nutricines contribute to three major factors important in the diet–host interaction; maintenance of gastrointestinal integrity, support of the immune system and the modulation of oxidative stress. Nutrition-based health is the next challenge in modern animal production and will be important to maintain economic viability and also to satisfy consumer demands in terms of food quality, safety and price. This must be accomplished largely through nutritional strategies making optimum use of both nutrients and nutricines.
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Markovic, R., M. Z. Baltic, S. Radulovic, D. Peric, D. Jovanovic, M. Starcevic, and D. Sefer. "From designing diets for animals to designing food of animal origin – overview." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 854, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012056.
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Abstract In recent times, food is not only observed from the point of view of the required intake for growth, development and regeneration of the body, but also has a leading role in the quality of human life. Therefore, the diet focuses on optimizing the daily intake of both nutrients and non-nutritive ingredients of food, all in order to preserve health and, above all, reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Functional food can be considered food that has been scientifically proven to have a positive effect on certain body functions (in addition to the usual nutritional value) that contribute to human health and reduce the risk of disease. At the same time, it is important that the food has a standard form and that the positive effect on health is manifested by consuming the usual amount of food. The functionality of food is achieved by the presence in it of bioactive components (one or more) which have been scientifically proven to have positive effects on human health in the quantities in which they are present in food. The nutritional value of foods of animal origin depends on many factors, but certainly animal diet has the greatest impact. In human nutrition the so-called designed products of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs) are used, which are due to the specific animal diets enriched with n-3 fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids or trace elements. Today, there are nutritional strategies by which we can access functional foods for the purpose of health promotion.
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IBTISHAM, FAHAR, AAMIR NAWAB, GUANGHUI LI, MEI XIAO, LILONG AN, and GHAZANFAR NASEER. "Effect of nutrition on reproductive efficiency of dairy animals." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6025–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6025.
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Nutrition plays a key role in the maintenance of animal reproductive performance. Reduced reproductive efficiency can decrease the profitability of dairy production by increasing days open, calving interval, the number of services per conception, culling rate, and veterinary services. Nutritional requirements increase rapidly with milk production after calving, but an improper diet plan could result in a negative energy balance (NEB). NEB delays the time of first ovulation through uncoupled hormones production. A diet high in fat could prevent the NEB state by increasing the energy status of animals. Protein supplementation supports high production but can also have severe effects on the reproductive performance of the animal. Deficiency of minerals can also alter the reproductive performance of the animal. This article has generally focused on the effects of various nutrients on reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle. .
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Kutlu, Hasan Rüştü, and Uğur Serbester. "Ruminant Beslemede Son Gelişmeler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i1.18-37.37.
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One of the most industrialized animal production branches of ruminant production successfully requires a blending of theoretical knowledge of nutritional principles with practical stockmanship, maintaining health and dealing with numbers. It is well known that high yielding, dairy cows, require balanced diet with adequate nutrients for yielding. This is not provided with only a few feedstuffs. Milk production in dairy cows is related to the improvements in genetic merit of farm animals and also developments in feed science, feed technology and animal nutrition. In particular, feeds and feed technology studies associated with sustainability, economical perspectives and product quality in the last decade have been in advance. In the present work, recent advances in feed sources and feed technology, minerals (macro and trace minerals ), vitamins and amino acids, feed additives (antibiotics alternative growth stimulants, rumen modulator, organic acids, antioxidants, enzymes, plant extracts), nutrition-products (meat-milk-progeny) quality and functional food production (milk, meat) nutrition-reproduction, nutrition-animal health, nutrition-environmental temperature, nutrition-global warming were evaluated.
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Singh, Priya K., Ashish Vankara, Lucy O'Sullivan, and Amiethab A. Aiyer. "The Role of Diet and Nutrition on Fracture Healing: A Systematic Review." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00942.
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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Not only is poor nutritional status common amongst the elderly, but its incidence is also high amongst orthopedic trauma patients as injuries, and fractures more specifically, cause hypermetabolic states. The purpose of this review was to perform the most comprehensive analysis of literature published within the last decade to determine the effect of nutritional status on fracture healing, as well as outlining the effects of specific herbal supplements, vitamins and minerals. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using variations of the terms nutrition and malnutrition along with vitamins, minerals and proteins as well as fractures and fracture healing. Two independent reviewers screened articles, graded evidence quality, and extracted data. A total of 31 studies were related to nutritional status - 22 human studies and 9 animal studies - and 45 studies were related to specific herbs or food products - 2 human studies, 36 animal studies, and 7 review articles. Results: There is substantial variability in the definitions of nutritional status, with some quantitative measures including serum albumin and lymphocyte count being the most popular, and questionnaires like the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Published human studies predominately studied the effects of nutrition on traumatic fractures in the elderly or bone healing after spinal surgery. Consistently, hypoalbuminemia was found to be an independent risk factor of post-operative complications and longer hospital stays. Few studies reported on nutritional supplementation, but those that did found supplementation to be associated with lower rates of postoperative complications and wound infection, as well as shorter hospital stays. Although there is much evidence published on herbal supplements and food products in animals, there is a dearth of evidence of their benefits to humans with only two RCTs included in this analysis (demonstrating the benefits of Momiai and lactobacillus casei Shirota). Conclusion: Nutrition remains an easily targetable factor that can significantly improve fracture healing, especially amongst elderly populations. Although proper adherence to supplementation is rare, when attained its benefits are profound. To demonstrate that the beneficial effects of herbal supplements and food products on fracture healing seen in animal models persist in humans, future placebo-controlled trials are needed.
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Souza, Camilla Mariane Menezes, Taís Silvino Bastos, and Marley Conceição dos Santos. "Microalgae use in animal nutrition." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 16 (December 6, 2021): e53101622986. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.22986.
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Looking for alternative sources in animal nutrition, microalgae began to be explored, gaining space in commercial production. The aim of this review is to present available information about the use of microalgae in animal nutrition, as well as its effect and applications. Many microalgae are important sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These PUFA is poorly synthesized by animals, so they should be included in their diet. In addition, they are a rich source of almost all of the important minerals as well as vitamins. Additionally, some microalgae generally have a high protein content and high digestibility. In this context, microalgae already available on the market, become an alternative replacing conventional ingredients. To our knowledge, the use of small amounts of microalgae biomass in the feed can benefit the physiology of the animals, improving the immune response, resistance to diseases, antiviral and antibacterial action, intestinal function, and stimulation of probiotic colonization. In general, the addition of these compounds to the diets of animals enhances their overall health and immune status, productivity, and the quality and stability of the resulting animal products. Although the use of microalgae is increasingly directed towards many types of animals: cats, dogs, ornamental fish, horses, poultry, swine, sheep, and cow, studies still need to be explored.
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Kidd, Michael T. "Advances in poultry nutrition." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, spe (July 2009): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001300020.
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Nutritional advances as discussed in these proceedings embrace historical perspective as well as futuristic perspectives. Indeed, we must have a clear understanding of the past to identify key "advances" that will mold the future of poultry nutrition. Early nutrition research is discussed with reference to in ovo nutrition and nutritional needs up to day seven post-hatch. In addition, the nutrition of the hen is key in early nutrition of chicks. Key advances that have impacted diet formulation are energy and nutrient liberating enzymes, and the use of L-threonine. Key nutritional mechanisms that have been elucidated the past two decades include nutrition in immunity and gut health. Advances in nutritional specifications for specific genetic strains of broilers and the use of models to tie nutrition into production objectives are clear advances that will only flourish in the future.
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Kayode, Abolanle Kayode A. A., Grace F. Okumede, Great O. Alabi, and Funmilayo D. Onajobi. "Is vegan diet advisable for children?" Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i2.892.
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Vegan diet (VD) is a diet that consists of only plant based foods. This diet completely excludes all animal products; meat, fish, poultry and also food gotten from milk, oil and honey. Vegan diet differs from vegetarian diet, although they are similar; some vegetarian include egg (ovo vegetarians), milk from animals (lacto vegetarians) or fish (pescovegetarian) in their diet. VD is believed to be healthier than diets containing animal produce and generally have a higher diet quality than non-vegan diets. VD has many health benefits and may also reduce the risk of certain conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and cancer. However, these benefits seen in adults may not be the same case for toddlers and young children. Their diet directly affects their height, weight and also psychomotor and neurocognitive development. VD may not supply all the nutrients necessary for development and may lead to nutrient deficiency. Vegan children are at a risk of insufficient supply and deficiency of some critical nutrients such as protein, long chain fatty acids, cholesterol, iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, and vitamin A, B12 and D. Deficiency of these nutrients could lead to various developmental and sometimes irreversible disorders. Apart from nutrition, VD also seems to alter the metabolomics and gut microbiota constitution of a vegan. Overall VD may have health benefits for children if it is properly fortified and supplemented. VD in children will also have to be carefully monitored to ensure the diet is healthy, nutritious and promote healthy growth and development. Keywords: Children, Vegan diet, Nutrition, Metabolomics, Inborn errors of metabolism
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de Souza-Vilela, J., N. R. Andrew, and I. Ruhnke. "Insect protein in animal nutrition." Animal Production Science 59, no. 11 (2019): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19255.
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Global meat consumption per capita is expected to increase ~40% from 2019 to 2050. Over 30% of the total cropland worldwide is currently being used to produce either livestock and poultry feed or silage to meet the demand. One solution to reduce cropland use for animal feed is to increase the production of alternative protein sources. The primary protein sources for animal nutrition, including soybeans, peas and fish meal, are of increasing demand and are subsequently becoming more expensive, making their long-term use unsustainable. Insects such as the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), crickets (Gryllus testaceus Walker) or mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) offer a viable addition to the feed sources and can provide valuable, high-quality energy, protein and fat to an animal’s diet. Here, we review the environmental benefits of insect feedstuff, current research findings related to the use of insects for animal nutrition, and outline additional products that can generate benefits to insect producers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal diet and nutrition"
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Cobanov, Branislav. "Stochastic control of animal diets optimal sampling schedule and diet optimization /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155661130.
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Tansawat, Rossarin. "Chemical Characterization of Meat Related to Animal Diet." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1339.
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There is currently much interest in the comparative health benefits of various meat products, including pasture-fed beef. However, little is known about the specific pasture-finishing diets (mixed forages, alfalfa, or sainfoin, compared to grain) on meat quality, consumer preferences, and human health. Thus, additional information is needed to better understand and develop new animal feeding regimes for optimum animal growth, meat flavor, and meat nutritional quality. The objective of the current study was to examine how animal diets, including secondary metabolites in the diet, affect meat chemical characteristics, meat quality, and nutritional value. In study 1 (Chapter 3), grain- vs. pasture-fed beef rib steaks were evaluated. Ribs from pasture-fed animals had a much lower fat content (P < 0.01), which was its main positive nutritional attribute. Pasture-fed beef had more (P < 0.05) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than grain-fed beef, but was only a moderately good source of PUFA, compared to salmon. Pasture-fed beef had higher antioxidant capacity and lower measures of oxidation (P < 0.05). Pasture and grain diets influenced the volatile profile of cooked meat. Flavor descriptors barny, gamey, and grassy were associated with pasture feeding, and were uniquely shown in this study to be positively correlated with specific aroma volatiles benzaldehyde, toluene, dimethyl sulfone, 3- heptanone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (P < 0.05). In study 2 (Chapter 4), the effects of legume pasture-finishing of beef cattle on meat quality were evaluated, comparing alfalfa pasture (containing saponins) versus sainfoin pasture (containing tannins). No strong differences (P > 0.05) were found between the two legume diets in all meat characteristics, indicating that sainfoin was similar to alfalfa as a cattle forage. Similar (P > 0.05) low TBA values after 12 d of storage at 2 °C were obtained from both diets, comparable to pasture-fed beef from study 1. This verified the prolonged retail shelf life benefit of forage-fed beef, compared to grain-fed beef.
In study 3 (Chapter 5), lambs fed four different diets, plain/control (P), tanninsrich diet (T), saponins-rich diet (S), or choice of them (C), were evaluated on metabolomics profiles using GC/MS technique. Forty metabolites were detected (30 named and 10 unknown). A principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed a clear separation of P, T, and S diet treatments while the C diet was overlapped with S and P diets, indicating that S or P diets were preferred while the T diet was avoided. In summary, the effects of ruminant diets on meat characteristics depended on the type and concentration of plant secondary compounds (PSC), especially the PSC levels contained in the pastures.
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Kendall, Dustin Clay. "Opportunities and limitations for low-protein diet formulation in swine /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164518.
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Fontelles, Camile Castilho. "Paternal pre-conceptional nutrition programs breast cancer risk in rat female offspring: opposing effects of animal- and plant- based high fat diets." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-28092016-142616/.
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Breast cancer is a persistent public health problem. Interesting hypothesis suggests that its risk can be modulated in early life periods, a phenomenon known as fetal programming. In this context, most fetal programming studies focus on maternal influence, due to the greater interaction between mother and fetus in both fetal and lactation periods. However, recent studies show that paternal preconception diet has also a major role in the offspring\'s susceptibility to metabolic chronic non-communicable diseases. Therefore, this direct doctoral project aimed to assess whether the paternal consumption of different high fat diets during the development period of the reproductive system of male rats increased the susceptibility of female offspring to mammary carcinogenesis. In addition we sought to evaluate which mechanisms could be involved in this process. We used male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (n = 20/group) that consumed high fat diet with 60% of calories from lipids from lard (LB group) or corn oil (CB group), or AIN-93G control diet (CO group) for nine weeks, during development and sexual maturation periods. These rats were mated with females who consumed only commercial diet in 1:1 ratio. Their 50 days old offspring were subjected to mammary carcinogenesis model using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (50mg/kg). Paternal consumption of high fat diet of animal or plant source had opposite effects, with the paternal consumption of diet with high content of saturated fatty acids (LB) increasing and consumption of diet with high content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (CB) reducing the risk of breast cancer development in female offspring. These effects were due to changes in the expression of 89 miRNAs in the father\'s sperm and 23 miRNAs in the offspring\'s mammary gland, with overlapping of three miRNAs (miR-1897-5p, miR- 219-1-3p and miR-376a #) that were altered in both tissues. Additionally, female offspring of males fed diets with high content of saturated fatty acids showed less differentiation of the mammary gland, higher levels of cell proliferation, lower levels of apoptosis and altered expression of keys proteins that regulate important cellular functions, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Finally, these females had also altered lipid profile of the fat pad similar to their male parent as well as epigenetic changes that may be related to the etiology of breast cancer. Thus, we conclude that the high-fat preconception paternal diet programmed the susceptibility of female offspring to mammary carcinogenesis, but this effect was dependent on the type of fatty acid consumed and the observed effects possibly results from changes in miRNA expression profile.O câncer de mama é um persistente problema de saúde pública. Hipótese intrigante sugere que a suscetibilidade à doença pode ser modulada em períodos precoces da vida, fenômeno conhecido como programação fetal. Nesse sentido, a maior parte dos estudos de programação fetal refere-se à influência materna, dada a intensa interação existente entre mãe e feto tanto no período fetal, quanto na lactação. Entretanto, estudos recentes mostram que a dieta paterna pré-concepcional também tem um papel de grande importância na suscetibilidade da prole à uma série de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis de origem metabólica. Portanto, o presente projeto de doutorado direto teve como objetivo avaliar se o consumo paterno de diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas, durante o período de desenvolvimento do sistema reprodutivo de ratos machos, aumentaria a suscetibilidade da prole feminina à carcinogênese mamária. Adicionalmente buscou-se avaliar quais mecanismos poderiam estar envolvidos nesse processo. Utilizaram-se ratos machos da linhagem Sprague-Dawley (n=20/grupo) que consumiram dieta hiperlipídica com 60% de calorias provenientes de lipídeos de banha (grupo LB) ou óleo de milho (grupo CB), ou dieta controle AIN-93G (grupo CO), por nove semanas, durante os períodos de desenvolvimento e maturação sexual. Esses ratos foram acasalados com fêmeas, que consumiram apenas dieta comercial, na proporção 1:1. Sua prole de 50 dias foi submetida ao modelo de carcinogênese mamária com o uso de 7,12-dimetil-benza[a]antraceno (50mg/kg). O consumo paterno de dietas hiperlipídicas de origem animal ou vegetal conferiram efeitos opostos, com o consumo de dieta com alto teor de ácidos graxos saturados (LB) aumentando e o consumo de dieta com alto teor de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados n-6 (CB) diminuindo o risco de desenvolvimento de câncer de mama na prole feminina. Esses efeitos foram associados à alteração da expressão de 89 miRNAS no espermatozoide dos pais e 23 miRNAs na glândula mamária da prole, com sobreposição de 3 miRNAs (miR-1897-5p, miR-219-1-3p e miR-376a#) que estavam alterados em ambos tecidos. Adicionalmente, a prole feminina de machos que consumiram dieta com alto teor de ácidos graxos saturados apresentou menor diferenciação da glândula mamária, maior nível de proliferação celular, menor nível de apoptose e alteração da expressão de proteínas chaves da regulação celular, como na transição epitélio-mesenquimal. Finalmente, essas fêmeas também apresentaram perfil lipídico alterado semelhante à do seu progenitor masculino, bem como modificações epigenéticas que podem estar relacionadas à etiologia do câncer de mama. Assim, concluímos que a dieta paterna hiperlipídica pré-concepcional programou a suscetibilidade da prole feminina à carcinogênese mamária, porém esse efeito é dependente do tipo de ácido graxo consumido e os efeitos observados possivelmente decorrem de alterações no perfil de expressão de miRNAs.
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Figueiredo, Adriana Nogueira. "O ovo em pó na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-28102002-173650/.
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Foram realizados dois experimentos para determinar a composição química, os coeficientes de digestibilidade de nutrientes e os valores de energia e proteína digestíveis do ovo em pó (OP) e avaliar o desempenho e os componentes sanguíneos e plasmáticos de leitões recém-desmamados alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de proteína do OP em substituição à proteína do plasma sanguíneo. O Experimento I consistiu de um ensaio de digestibilidade, sendo utilizados oito leitões (quatro machos castrados e quatro fêmeas), mestiços Landrace x Large White com 15,9 kg de peso médio. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal e uma dieta teste (70% dieta basal + 30% OP) com quatro repetições cada. Utilizou-se a metodologia da coleta parcial de fezes com o uso de 0,5% de óxido crômico (Cr2O3) adicionado às dietas como indicador. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente do OP foram de 87,18, 80,76, 81,99 e 70, 54%, respectivamente, para a matéria seca, energia bruta, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. A partir dos coeficientes de digestibilidade determinados e os valores de proteína bruta (56,53%) e energia bruta (5.897 kcal/kg) foram calculados os valores de 43,91% de proteína digestível e 5.139 kcal/kg de energia digestível do OP para leitões em fase de creche. No Experimento II, foram utilizados 90 animais (machos castrados e fêmeas), mestiços Landrace x Large White, desmamados com 24 dias e 5,6 kg de peso médio. O período experimental compreendeu duas fases, a pré-inicial (1 a 14 dias) e inicial (15 a 28 dias pós-desmame), onde os tratamentos consistiram de cinco rações isonutritivas com níveis crescentes (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) de substituição protéica do plasma sanguíneo da dieta pelo OP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com nove repetições por tratamento e dois animais por unidade experimental (baia). Os animais e a ração foram pesados para o cálculo do ganho diário de peso (GDP), consumo diário de ração (CDR) e conversão alimentar (CA) em cada fase e período total. Ao final do ensaio de desempenho foi retirada uma amostra de sangue de cada animal para a determinação dos componentes plasmáticos (uréia, proteína total, albumina, globulina, relação albumina/globulina, triglicérides e colesterol) e sanguíneos (hematócrito e hemoglobina). Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (P > 0,05) para as variáveis de desempenho na fase de 1 a 14 dias pós-desmame. Para a segunda fase experimental e para o período total, foi observada uma redução linear (P < 0,01) do GDP e CDR, à medida que aumentava o nível de substituição do PS pelo OP. Para as variáveis dos componentes plasmáticos e sanguíneos não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o ovo em pó pode substituir completamente o plasma sanguíneo sem afetar o desempenho dos animais na fase de 1 a 14 dias pós-desmame, enquanto que na fase de 15 a 28 dias essa substituição prejudicou o desempenho dos animais, refletindo assim, em um pior desempenho no período total (1 a 28 dias). A inclusão crescente do ovo em pó nas dietas não alterou os componentes plasmáticos e sanguíneos.Two experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition, nutrients digestibility and digestible energy and protein of spray-dried egg (OP) and to study the performance and plasma and blood components of weanling pigs fed a diets containing OP. In Experiment I, eight Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs (four barrows and four gilts), averaging 15.9 kg live weight were used for digestibility assay. The animals were assigned to two treatments and four replications/treatment. The treatments consisted of the basal diet and test diet (70% of basal diet + 30% of OP) The method was the partial faeces collection, using 0.5% of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) in the diet as fecal marker. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and crude fat were, respectivily, 87.18, 80.76, 81.99 and 70.54%. From these results of apparent digestibility coeficients and the values of crude protein (56.53%) and gross energy (5,897 kcal/kg) resulted in 43.91% of digestible protein and 5,139 kcal/kg of digestible energy for OP. In Experiment II, ninety Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs (barrows and gilts) were weaned at 24 days of age with 5,6 kg live weight. The experimental period was divided in two phases, 1 to 14 days and 15 to 28 days post-weaning. The treatments consisted of five dietary levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of substitution of plasma protein for OP protein. Pigs were alloted in a randomized block design with nine replications per treatment and two pigs per experimental unit (pen). Pigs were weighed and the data of feed intake per pen were registered every week. Pig performance data such as average daily gain (GDP), daily feed intake (CDR) and feed conversion (CA) were analyzed by polynomial regression. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on performance for 1-14 day post-weaning phase. For the 15-28 phase and for the total period, linear reductions (P < 0.01) of GDP and CDR, were observed with increased dietary OP levels. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on plasma and blood components. Therefore, it can be conclued that the spray-dried egg can completely replace plasma without affecting the performance of pigs during 1-14 day post-weaning phase. For the 15-28 day phase and total period, added OP levels showed a depressive effect on pig performance. The plasma and blood components were not affected by the inclusion of spray-dried egg.
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Poirier, Denise Marie. "Nutrient absorption from liquid therapeutic diets in an animal model." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61694.
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Beukes, Maya. "Spatial and temporal variation in lion (Panthera leo) diet within the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2345.
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Thesis (MTech (Nature Conservation))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.A survey in 2010 suggested that the lion (Panthera leo) population of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (KGNP) was exhibiting a skewed sex ratio in favour of males, which can ultimately lead to a decline in lion population numbers. In the KGNP artificial water provision has influenced the abundance of resident prey and potentially, lion diet and body condition. Changes in mammalian diet, and consequently body condition, have been found to influence the sex ratio of offspring. In response to a concern that diet may be influencing lion sex ratios in the KGNP, aspects of the spatial and temporal variation in lion diet were investigated between May 2013 and June 2015. The lion diet profile in the KGNP was described using evidence of prey remains identified through GPS cluster analysis (n = 278) from seven collared lionesses, lion scat analysis (n = 189) and opportunistic observations of lion feeding events (n = 52). Spatial variation in diet was investigated between three regional landscape types (north, south and west), based on the different vegetation types represented within each area, and two habitat types (riverbeds and dunes). Seasonal variations were assessed according to the hot-wet season (November to April), and the cold-dry season (May to October). Findings were also used to assess whether lion diet in KGNP has changed over the last 45 years through evaluating results from historical lion diet studies.
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Kim, Eun Joong. "Growth and metabolism of forage-fed beef animals." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366568.
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Knorr, David B. "Influence of diet on biomass production of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in laboratory culture." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845951.
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In a 28-day dietary study, Lumbricus terrestris were placed in one quart containers with soil and offered either corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves, corn leaves treated with a 1:1 solution of 28% N fertilizer and deionized water, corn or soybean stalks, or no addition. The worms were weighed initially and after 28 days to determine biomass production, which was used for determining food quality. Worms exhibited large weight gains when fed alfalfa or soybean leaves, intermediate weight gains when fed corn leaves treated with N, and little or no gains for the remainder of treatments. N content of the tissues was positively correlated to biomass production. These results support the hypothesis that earthworm growth is determined by food quality, particularly N content.Department of Natural Resources
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Scuderi, Richard Anthony. "The Effects of Diet on the Bovine Milk Proteome." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/846.
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Protein is an important fraction within bovine milk. This milk protein is not only vital for calf growth and development, but also includes bioactive proteins and peptides that have been shown to enhance the health of animals and humans. Research efforts are focusing on factors, such as nutrition, that can influence the quantity and profile of proteins within the bovine milk proteome. The research outlined herein investigated the impact of diet on the bovine milk proteome. The first experiment examined whether dietary inclusion of grape marc (GM), a condensed tannin (CT) containing by-product from the viticulture industry, could alter the bovine milk proteome through altered nitrogen (N) metabolism. In this experiment, 10 lactating Holstein cows were fed either 2.0 kg dry matter (DM)/ cow/ day of beet pulp: soy hulls in a 50% mixture (control), or 1.5 kg DM/ cow/ day of GM as part of a balanced dairy cow ration for a 28-d trial. Milk samples were obtained for analysis of the high- and low-abundance protein fractions. Skimmed milk samples collected for high-abundance protein analysis were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify proteins in the low-abundance protein enriched fraction. Skimmed milk samples collected for low-abundance milk protein analysis were fractionated and enriched to remove higher abundance proteins. Enriched milk samples were then digested and labeled with isobaric tandem mass tags (TMT) prior to protein identification using LC-MS/MS analysis. There were no changes in the high-abundance protein fraction in response to diet; however, 16 of 127 low-abundance proteins were identified at different relative-abundances due to diet (P ≤ 0.05). While there were no alterations in the metabolic or N status of animals due to GM supplementation, the 12% change in the low-abundance milk protein fraction highlighted the potential for dietary alteration of the bovine milk proteome.
A second experiment evaluated the inclusion of alternative forage crops (AFC) as a means to alter the bovine milk proteome. In this experiment, both the skimmed milk and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein fractions were included in analysis. Milk samples were collected from 16 lactating Jersey cattle included in a 21-d grazing experiment, where cows were offered one of two diets. The control group (CON, n=8) grazed a grass-legume pasture mixture containing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), timothy (Phleum pratense), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and white clover (Trifolium repens). The treatment group (AFC, n=8) grazed a similar base pasture that was strip-tilled with oat (Avena sativa), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus) so that the AFC species comprised 10% of the AFC group’s pasture DM intake (DMI). Milk samples were collected for HPLC analysis of the high abundance milk proteins, and LC-MS/MS analysis of the low abundance protein enriched skim milk fraction and MFGM-associated protein fraction. Cows that grazed pastures containing AFC had higher αs1-CAS content (P = 0.005), and higher relative-abundances of 7 low-abundance proteins within the skim milk and MFGM fractions (P ≤ 0.05). While it is plausible that the inclusion of AFC in pasture increased nutrient availability to the mammary gland, the specific mechanisms that could have caused the shifts observed remain unclear. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the role of diet and the milk protein profile.
Books on the topic "Animal diet and nutrition"
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European Zoo Nutrition Conference (1st : 1999 : Rotterdam, Netherlands), ed. Zoo animal nutrition. Fürth: Filander, 2000.
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Davies, Zoe. Introduction to horse nutrition. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
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R, Bernstein Anna, ed. Maintaining a healthy diet. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.
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Bedford, Michael R., Gary G. Partridge, Milan Hruby, and Carrie L. Walk, eds. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0000.
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Abstract This third edition explores considerable advances such as the use of enzymes in fish and shrimp diets, new understanding of how phytases function in the animal, NSPase research and enzymes' extended use in ruminant markets. This book also provides comprehensive coverage of all topics relating to the production, use, cooperativity and analysis of feed enzymes. It is fully updated throughout, revealing significant developments such as new methods to deliver enzymes (formulations, encapsulations, and liquid spray systems) and advances in enzyme analysis. It also includes brand new chapters on combinations of enzymes, antibiotic-free diets and how to measure response in feed-enzyme trials. Covering biochemistry, enzymology and characteristics relevant to animal feed use, this book forms a valuable resource for academics and students of animal nutrition and production, as well as professionals in the animal feed industry.
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M, Forbes J. Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: CABI North American Office, 2007.
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Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International, 1995.
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Cheryl, Holloway, and Abood Sarah K, eds. Manual of veterinary dietetics. St. Louis: Saunders, 2004.
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Lewis, Lon D. Equine clinical nutrition: Feeding and care. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
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O'Donnell, A. The effects of diet and exogenous progesterone on pregnant and lactating ewe performance. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.
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Jia, Patton, ed. May all be fed: Diet for a new world. New York: W. Morrow, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Animal diet and nutrition"
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Dryden, Gordon McL. "Grazing behaviour - diet selection and pasture intake." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 169–83. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0014.
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Banu, Jameela, and Gabriel Fernandes. "Animal Models of Menopausal Metabolism." In Nutrition and Diet in Menopause, 395–406. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-373-2_29.
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Dryden, Gordon McL. "Feed storage and handling." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 219–31. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0017.
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Abstract This chapter highlights some important tips on feed storage and handling which includes topics on concentrate feed storage equipment, storing roughage, calculating the amount of storage capacity needed, feed storage hygiene, and reducing diet selection by animals fed a formulated mixed ration.
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Wang, Wen. "Phytoestrogen α-Zearalanol in an Animal Model of Menopause." In Nutrition and Diet in Menopause, 407–17. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-373-2_30.
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Ward, Wendy Elizabeth, and Lilian U. Thompson. "Flaxseed and Bone Health in Animal Models of Menopause." In Nutrition and Diet in Menopause, 419–26. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-373-2_31.
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Steinberg, Christian E. W. "Diets and Digestive Tracts – ‘Your Food Determines Your Intestine’." In Aquatic Animal Nutrition, 9–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91767-2_2.
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Crnic, L. S. "The Use of Animal Models to Study Effects of Nutrition on Behavior." In Diet and Behavior, 73–87. London: Springer London, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1760-5_5.
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Rineau, Emmanuel, Thomas Gaillard, and Sigismond Lasocki. "Anemia of the Critically Ill Patient: Pathophysiology, Lessons from Animal Models." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1179–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_133.
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Lee, Jason T., and Kyle D. Brown. "Mannanase, α-galactosidase and pectinase: minor players or yet to be exploited?" In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition, 70–88. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0005.
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Abstract This chapter describes the composition, chemical structure, modes of action, application and effects on animal performance of beta-mannanase, alpha-galactosidase and pectinase as feed additives in animal diets.
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Bedford, Michael R., Carrie L. Walk, and Milan Hruby. "Evolving enzyme applications." In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition, 286–89. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0017.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Animal diet and nutrition"
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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.
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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background†functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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Sekarsari, Ni Gusti Ayu Mulyantini S. "Xylanase Enzyme on Broiler Performance Fed Cassava Based Diet in Forms of Pellet and Mash." In 6th International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (ISANFS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220401.063.
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Verbrugghe, Adronie, and Alexandra Rankovic. "Dietary choline in feline nutrition and its role in obesity prevention and liver health." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gyun6061.
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In North America, 60% of cats is estimated to be overweight or obese, predisposing cats to obesity-related health consequences, which reduce quality and quantity of life. Weight loss is recommended, yet current protocols are often unsuccessful. Moreover, drastic energy restriction can put overweight and obese cats at risk of developing feline hepatic lipidosis which can be fatal if left untreated.Choline, an essential nutrient, can be found naturally in organ meats, eggs, soybean and wheat germ. Commercial pet foods contain a supplemental source of choline to meet the recommendations set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. For cats, 2400 mg/kg diet on a dry matter basis or 600 mg/1000 kcal metabolizable energy is recommended for growth and adult maintenance. Choline is a methyl group donor involved in multiple metabolic pathways and plays an important role in fat metabolism and mobilization, particularly in the liver. Choline is a precursor for phosphatidylcholine, an essential component of very-low-density lipoproteins, crucial for exporting triglycerides and cholesterol out of the liver and into circulation. Research in many animal species, including cats, has found that a diet deficient in choline results in hepatic fat accumulation. Similarly in rats, high-fat diet-induced fatty livers were reversed with choline. Choline supplementation studies in the animal nutrition field have largely focused on growth and weight gain in livestock. This research uncovered decreased fat deposition and increased lean carcass composition with supplementation of choline or its derivative betaine.
This session will summarize recent choline research in cats. The findings suggest that supplementing choline, above an animal’s recommended allowance, may help to reduce body fat gain in growing kittens after neutering, and help mobilize fats from the liver in overweight and obese cats, proposing a novel nutritional strategy for obesity prevention and liver health in domestic cats.
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S, Koji Al Adam, M. Aman Yaman, and Muhammad Daud. "Influence of Kiapu (Pistia Stratiotes, L) in Fermented Diet on Weight, Length of Intestine and Bacteria Population in Intestine of Selected Local Chicken." In 6th International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (ISANFS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220401.026.
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Krul, Elaine. "Nutritional opportunities to advance companion animal health - focus on lipids and related nutrients." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cttu1432.
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Globally $232 billion was spent in the pet industry in 2021 and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is estimated to be 4.6%. In the USA alone, $109.6 billion was spent in 2021, and more money is spent annually on pet food and treats than veterinary care or products. Pet parents are increasingly more concerned about the nutritional quality of the foods they feed their animals and their impact on health. Pet food manufacturers are responding to the increased demand for premium food products but importantly, the work of veterinary nutrition researchers is key to ensuring the safety and nutritional sufficiency of commercial and specialized animal diets. Lipids and related nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil), vitamins D and E and choline play an important role in companion animal health and will be discussed in this session. In addition, a study evaluating the impact of canine diets with different fat contents on risk of pancreatitis will be presented. These reports not only provide more insight into companion animal health but also sheds light on our understanding of how lipids and related nutrients impact human health.
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Ostrenko, K. S. "Problems of animal husbandry intensification and ways to solve them." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-138.
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Integrated approach to the nutrition system allows you to reduce the negative effects of stress of various etiologies without а hypertrophied increase in productivity. The use of normotimic additives (lithium ascorbate) can increase the productivity of fattening pigs by 5–7 %, improve the quality of meat, and reduce the risks of obtaining low-quality meat products. The introduction of probiotics in the diet of pigs can increase the average daily growth by 5.4 %. The use of various antioxidants and antihypoxants leads to an increase in the average daily body weight gain of 13.3 %. Complex use of additives that increase stress resistance in animals can reduce losses associated with chronic stress in animals from 30 % to 5 %. Increasing stress resistance will allow you to level energy losses, normalize metabolism and increase plastic metabolism, which leads to an increase in the health of the animal and allows you to fully realize the genetic potential of the breed.
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Jeksi, Sri, Muhammad Daud, and M. Aman Yaman. "Effect of Kiapu (Pistia Stratiotel L) in Fermented Diet on Feed Consumption, Final Body Weight, Feed Conversion, Feed Efficiency and Cholesterol Content of Breast and Leg Muscle on Selected Local Chicken." In 6th International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (ISANFS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220401.011.
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Sofi, Ernanda, Sjofjan Osfar, Muharlien Muharlien, Adli Danung Nur, and Saraswati Sinta Ayu. "The Effect of Modified Palm Kernel Meal Utilization to Replacing Corn in The Diets Based on Intestinal Quality and Metabolizable Energy." In 6th International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (ISANFS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220401.056.
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Blebea, Nicoleta Mirela. "NUTRITIONAL THERAPY IN CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/28.
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Nutritional therapy helps patients with cancer to maintain their weight within normal limits, maintain tissue integrity and reduce the side effects of cancer therapies. Nutritional oncology deals with both prevention and patient support during treatment, in convalescence and in palliative situations. Cancer patients need full support from the team of health professionals (oncologists, nurses and dietitians). The following basic elements should not be missing from the cancer patient's diet: water, protein intake, animal and vegetable fats, as well as vitamins and minerals. The diet of cancer patients should be closely monitored, as body weight should be kept within normal limits, ie a body mass index (BMI) between 19 and 24 (the calculation is made by dividing the weight by the square of the height). The oncologist should therefore be aware of the adverse effects of malnutrition on patient outcomes and view nutritional support as an essential component of the clinical management, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, antiemetic treatment, and treatment for pain.
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Germain, Christina, Asa Gore, Brian Larson, and Brian Zanghi. "Technologies utilizing MCT oil for canine health." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/dgun2335.
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Companion animals are integral and important members of our families. Purina believes pets and people are better together and are committed to improving the health and quality of life of dogs and cats through nutrition. Purina has completed several studies showing health benefits of feeding MCT oil, sometimes in conjunction with other nutrients, on improving the quality of life of dogs. In one study, senior dogs were randomized into two groups based on initial age, gender and baseline cognitive scores and fed either a control diet or MCT diet. MCT fed dogs performed significantly better (p less than 0.05) than control fed dogs on spatial memory and discrimination tests as well as memory, concept learning and attention tests, had better executive function test scores (p= 0.0007), and performed better as cognitive task difficulty increased when compared to control fed dogs. In another study, dogs diagnosed with cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) received a control, medium MCT (+other nutrients), or a high MCT (+other nutrients) diet for 90 days. All categories of the CDS screening were significantly improved (p less than 0.05 , Fisher least significant difference test) in the dogs fed the medium MCT diet (+other nutrients) diet at the end of the study. An additional study monitored length of activity in senior dogs while consuming a control diet and an MCT diet. Both average daily activity and average daytime activity was increased when dogs consumed the MCT diet (p less than 0.0001 and p=0.0005, respectively). The beneficial effects of MCT were also assessed in a clinical trial where client owned dogs diagnosed with intractable idiopathic epilepsy managed with antiepileptic drugs were fed a control diet and a MCT diet in a crossover design. After 3 months consuming the MCT diet, seizure frequency was reduced in comparison with the control diet.
Reports on the topic "Animal diet and nutrition"
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Linda, Fulponi. Policy Initiatives Concerning Diet, Health and Nutrition. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/222624826014.
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Anderson, Olin D., Gad Galili, and Ann E. Blechl. Enhancement of Essential Amino Acids in Cereal Seeds: Four Approaches to Increased Lysine Content. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7585192.bard.
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Cereal seeds are the basis of the human diet, and their amino acid composition is thus of major nutritional and economic importance. Currently, deficiencies in essential amino acids are addressed, when possible, by additionalprotein sources or by supplementing animal feed with non-cereal protein or synthetic amino acids. A number of strategies have been suggested to make cereal flours more complete and balanced sources of amino acids, although systematic examination of such strategies is rare. This project proposed to begin such a systematic examination using four complementary and parallel approaches to increasing wheat seed lysine: 1) Modifying endogenous wheat seed proteins for increased lysine composition. 2) Overexpression of naturally occurring high-lysine proteins in the wheat endosperm. 3) Ectopic expression of proteins in the wheat endosperm. 4) Alteration of free lysine levels in the wheat endosperm. The results of these studies are expected to be wheat lines with increased lysine content and will establish a clearer understanding of the approaches most likely to enhance cereal seed protein quality. Progress is reported for all four objectives, with a significant foundation for further work on two of the objectives (modification of wheat storage proteins and lysine metabolism). Plans for continuing work on all four objectives are briefly outlined.
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Breewood, Helen. What is the nutrition transition? Edited by Walter Fraanje and Tara Garnett. Food Climate Research Network, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/39a7336f.
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Changes in diet and lifestyle can be caused by many factors and can, in turn, cause changes in health. This building block explains what the nutrition transition is and its implications for health and environmental sustainability.
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Ahmed, Akhter, Fiona Coleman, Julie Ghostlaw, John F. Hoddinott, Purnima Menon, Aklima Parvin, Audrey Pereira, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Shalini Roy, and Masuma Younus. Increasing production diversity and diet quality through agriculture, gender, and nutrition linkages: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.135845.
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Deng, Yingjun, ShengJing Liu, Ming Zhao, Feng Zhao, Jun Guo, and Bin Yan. Diet-induced male infertility in mice models: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0116.
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Review question / Objective: In order to compare the different high energy diet such as high-fat diet and high sugar diet how to damage the male mice model in metabolize and fertility,and explore a reliable mice model method in the study of obesity with male infertility. P：obesity mice model with male infertility. I: High energy diet such as High-fat or High-sugar diet. C:High-fat diet,High-sugar diet, compared with normal diet in mice model. O:High energy diet induce male mice obesity model and damage their fertility. S: Use network meta-analysis. Condition being studied: The relationship between obesity and male infertility attacth more and more attention at present.So many animal expriments are carried out on this problem,there are enough exprimental article to support this meta analysis.
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Reinhardt, Sarah. From Silos to Systems: Investing in Sustainable Nutrition Science for a Healthy Future. Union of Concerned Scientists, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14270.
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Diet-related disease, climate change, and environmental degradation exact an enormous toll on human and planetary health. These challenges could be addressed in part by shifting what we eat and how we produce food, yet key questions remain about how to make such transitions effective, equitable, and sustainable. To help answer these questions, investments in “sustainable nutrition science”—research and education at the intersection of nutrition, food production, and climate and environment—are urgently needed. However, the Union of Concerned Scientists has found that US public funding for sustainable nutrition science is severely limited, totaling an estimated $16 million annually between 2016 and 2019, and recommends more than tripling that amount in response to our devastating public health and environmental crises.
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Provenza, Frederick, Avi Perevolotsky, and Nissim Silanikove. Consumption of Tannin-Rich Forage by Ruminants: From Mechanism to Improved Performance. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695840.bard.
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Trees and shrubs are potentially important sources of food for livestock in many parts of the world, but their use is limited by tannins. Tannins reduce food intake by decreasing digestibility or by causing illness. Supplementing cattle, sheep, and goats with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has a high affinity for binding tannins and thus attenuating their aversive effects, increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves weight gains and wool growth. The objectives of this proposal were: Objective 1: To further delineate the conditions under which PEG affects intake of high-tannin foods. Objective 2: To ascertain if animals self-regulate intake of PEG in accord with the tannin content of their diet under pen, paddock, and field conditions. Objective 3: To determine how nutritional status and PEG supplementation affect preference for foods varying in nutrients and tannins. Objective 4: To assess the effects of PEG on food selection, intake, and livestock performance in different production systems. The results from this research show that supplementing livestock with low doses of PEG increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves performance of cattle, sheep, and goats. Neutralizing the effects of tannins with supplemental PEG promotes the use of woody species usually considered useless as forage resources. Supplementing animals with PEG has the potential to improve the profitability - mainly milk production - of high-yielding dairy goats fed high-quality foods and supplemented with browse in Mediterranean areas. However, its contribution to production systems utilizing low-yielding goats is limited. Our findings also support the notion that supplemental PEG enhances the ability of livestock to control shrub encroachment and to maintain firebreaks. However, our work also suggests that the effectiveness of supplemental PEG may be low if alternative forages are equal or superior in nutritional quality and contain fewer metabolites with adverse effects.
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Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner, and Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.
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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.
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Caulfield, Laura E., Wendy L. Bennett, Susan M. Gross, Kristen M. Hurley, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Maya Venkataramani, Jennifer L. Lerman, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma, and Eric B. Bass. Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer253.
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Objectives. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to safeguard the health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women and children less than 5 years old. This systematic review evaluates whether participation in WIC is associated with nutrition and health outcomes for women, infants, and children, and whether the associations vary by duration of participation or across subgroups. Because of major revisions to the WIC food package in 2009, we prioritized studies published since 2009 and included studies comparing outcomes before and after the 2009 food package change. Data sources. Using electronic publication databases, we conducted a literature search from January 2009 to September 2021 and a targeted search for selected outcomes from January 2000 to September 2021. Review methods. Paired team members independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) using standard methods for observational studies. Results. We included 82 quantitative observational studies and 16 qualitative studies, with 49 studies comparing outcomes of WIC participants with WIC-eligible non-participants. WIC prenatal participation was associated with lower risk of three outcomes: preterm delivery (moderate SOE), low birth weight (moderate SOE), and infant mortality (moderate SOE). Prenatal WIC participation was associated with better maternal diet quality (low SOE), lower risk of inadequate gestational weight gain (low SOE), lower alcohol use in pregnancy (low SOE), and no difference in smoking (low SOE). Maternal WIC participation was associated with increased child preventive care and immunizations (each low SOE), and higher cognitive scores for children (low SOE). Child WIC participation was associated with better diet quality (moderate SOE), and greater intakes of 100 percent fruit juice, whole grain cereals, and age-appropriate milk (moderate SOE). Household WIC participation was associated with greater purchasing of healthy food groups (moderate SOE). Maternal WIC participation was not associated with breastfeeding initiation (moderate SOE). The evidence was insufficient for other outcomes related to maternal health and child growth. The evidence generally was insufficient on how WIC participation affects outcomes across subgroups. Conclusions. Maternal WIC participation was associated with improved birth outcomes, lower infant mortality, and better child cognitive development. WIC participation was associated with purchasing healthier foods and with improved diets for pregnant women and children. More research is needed on maternal health outcomes; food security; child growth, development, and academic achievement; and effectiveness of WIC in all segments of the eligible population.
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Jung, Carina, Matthew Carr, Denise Lindsay, Eric Fleischman, and Chandler Roesch. Microbiome perturbations during domestication of the green June beetle (Cotinis nitida). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43342.
Full textAbstract:
Animal-associated microbiomes are critical to the well-being and proper functioning of the animal host, but only limited studies have examined in-sect microbiomes across different developmental stages. These studies revealed large shifts in microbiome communities, often because of significant shifts in diet during insects’ life cycle. Establishing insect colonies as model laboratory organisms and understanding how to properly feed and care for animals with complex and dynamic life cycles requires improved data. This study examined laboratory raised green June beetles (Cotinis nitida) captured from the field upon emergence from pupae. Starting with wild-caught adults, two generations of beetles were reared in the laboratory, ending with an entirely laboratory raised generation of larvae. The study compared the microbiomes of each generation and the microbiomes of larvae to adults. This study suggests that a diet of commercial, washed fruit for adults and commercial, packaged, organic alfalfa meal for larvae resulted in depauperate gut microbiome communities. Fermentative yeasts were completely absent in the laboratory-raised adults, and major bacterial population shifts occurred from one generation to the next, coupled with high morbidity and mortality in the laboratory-raised generation. Providing laboratory-raised beetles fresh-collected fruit and the larvae field-harvested detritus may therefore vastly improve their health and survival.