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Tago, Pacheco Damian. "Essays in Animal Health Economics and Risk Communication." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10002/document.
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Cette thèse est un effort pour améliorer la façon dont l'analyse économique est menée dans les domaines de la santé animale (chapitres 1 et 2) et la communication des risques (chapitre 3). Le chapitre 1 vise à évaluer les coûts de la politique de restriction de mouvement (MRP) au cours de l'épidémie de BTV-8 2006 en France pour les producteurs de broutards (veaux 6- 9 mois charolais sevrés (BWC)). Les producteurs de BWC représentent un secteur important de l'industrie de la viande bovine française et ils peuvent être gravement touchés par les restrictions de mouvement. Le change dans le nombre de BWC vendu lies aux restrictions de mouvement est estimé en utilisant une approche « matching » multidimensionnelle, et l'effet économique de la MRP est évalué en fonction de plusieurs scénarios qui décrivent les contraintes de capacité de fermes, le coût d'alimentation, et le prix de vente de l'animal. Les coûts associés à cette politique sont la motivation pour le chapitre 2, dans lequel le comportement stratégique des agriculteurs est incorporé dans un modèle épidémiologique Susceptible-Infectés au niveau de la ferme, tels que le MRP peut déclencher des ventes prématurées par des fermes à haut risque qui réduit significativement l'efficacité de la politique. Dans la propagation d'une maladie infectieuse, les revendeurs et les marchés de bétail fonctionnent comme des amplificateurs depuis: 1) ils sont impliqués dans des activités commerciales presque chaque semaine; 2) ils ont des transactions avec un grand nombre d'exploitations. Un raisonnement similaire est utilisé dans un cadre très différent, celui de la communication des risques. Dans le chapitre 3, un modèle utilisant des outils de réseaux sociaux est introduit pour analyser l'efficacité de différentes stratégies de communication des risques tenant en compte des contraintes budgétaires. À la fin du chapitre, les avantages de ciblage spécifique sont illustrés par rapport à les risques sanitaires de la consommation d'eau du robinet à Nogales, AZThis thesis is an effort to improve the way economic analysis is conducted in the fields of animal health (chapters 1 and 2) and risk communication (chapter 3). Chapter 1 aims at evaluating the costs of the movement restriction policy (MRP) during the 2006 BTV-8 epidemic in France for the producers of 6- 9 month old charolais beef weaned calves (BWC). The producers of BWC represent an important sector of the French beef industry and they can be severely affected by movement standstills. The change in the number of BWC sold that was due to the movement restrictions is estimated using a multivariate matching approach, and the economic effect of the MRP is evaluated based on several scenarios that describe farms’ capacity constraints, feeding prices, and the animal’s selling price. The costs associated to such policy are the motivation for chapter 2, in which the strategic behavior of farmers is incorporated into a susceptible-infected epidemiologic model at the farm-level, such that the MRP can trigger premature sales of high-risk farms that significantly reduce the efficacy of the policy. In the spread of an infectious disease, dealers and livestock markets work as amplifiers since: 1) they are involved in trading activities almost every single week; 2) they have transactions with a large number of farms. A similar reasoning is used in a very different framework, the one of risk communication. In chapter 3, a model using social network tools is introduced to analyze the effectiveness of different risk communication strategies under budget constraints. At the end of the chapter the benefits of specific targeting are illustrated by an application to the health risks of consuming tap water in Nogales, AZ
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Oliphant, Michael. "Formal approaches to innate and learned communication : laying the foundation for language /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820887.
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Bashaw, Meredith J. "Social behavior and communication in a herd of captive giraffe." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180020/unrestricted/bashaw%5Fmeredith%5Fj%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Burt, John Michael. "Birdsong communication and perception : field and laboratory studies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9129.
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Padilla, de la Torre Monica. "Mother-offspring vocal communication and temperament in cattle." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13389/.
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Very little is known about cattle vocalizations. The few studies available in the literature have been conducted using animals under stress or very intensive husbandry conditions. Similarly, the individual consistency of behaviour in cattle has rarely been considered except in applied studies of constrained and isolated animals, and no previous research has attempted to address a possible association between vocal communication and temperament in cattle. The studies reported here address these gaps in our knowledge. I found that cattle contact calls have acoustic characteristics that give them individualized distinctiveness, in both adult cows and calves. These results were confirmed using playback experiments, where I found that there is bidirectional mother-offspring recognition, as has been recorded in other “weak hider” ungulates. Additionally, using visual and acoustic stimuli, I assessed individual cattle temperament. The results showed that there was no individual behavioural consistency in responses to a novel object presentations. However, calves behaved consistently more boldly than cows. Furthermore, there was significant individual consistency in responses to vocalisations of heterospecifics, when they were played back through a speaker in the field. Surprisingly, no correlations were found between the ability of cattle to identify their own mother/offspring and the acoustic features of their vocalisations, or behavioural responses in any other context. There were, however, significant correlations between one characteristic of vocalisations in adult cows (formant spacing) and the boldness of behavioural responses to both novel objects and auditory stimuli. Additionally, higher F0 in calf contact vocalizations correlated with boldness in the auditory stimuli experiment. These relationships imply that vocalisations may encode information about individual temperament, something which has rarely been documented. Surprisingly, no strong correlations were found between the behavioural responses to visual and acoustic stimuli, suggesting that individual consistency in behaviour across contexts was limited, and that behavioural plasticity could play an important role in determining responses in different environmental contexts. Overall, my results contribute to our knowledge of animal communication in mammals from a bioacoustic point of view, and they are also potentially relevant to studies of vocalizations as indicators of cattle welfare.
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Cartmill, Erica A. "Gestural communication in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) : a cognitive approach /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/634.
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Lee, Ben. "The role of intercellular communication in follicular development /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60550.
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Although the gonadotropins are necessary for follicular development, the spatio-temporal specific differentiation of the constituent granulosa cells and the process of selection for ovulation may be regulated by other intrafollicular mechanisms. Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication between granulosa cells has been previously reported and may play a role in spatio-temporal differentiation and/or follicular selection. In order to elucidate the function of intercellular communication in follicular development, granulosa cell cultures were treated with agents known to disrupt gap junctions (uncouplers): the retinoids and the alkanols. Retinoic acid, heptanol annd octanol inhibited the expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and the accumulation of progesterone in the culture. The expression of LH receptors and the production of progesterone are crucial follicular functions. Thus, the inhibition of these functions by uncouplers provides the first evidence that the establishment of gap junctional communication may be an integral component in follicular development.
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Cook, Michelle Elizabeth. "Environmental and social factors influence communications used during crayfish agonistic interactions." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1212431269.
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Bouchet, Hélène. "Relation entre variabilité du répertoire vocal et système social : étude comparative chez les cercopithécinés (Cercocebus torquatus, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus neglectus)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S035.
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La communication est essentielle au fonctionnement social. Aussi les pressions sociales pourraient jouer un rôle majeur dans l’évolution des capacités communicatives. Nous avons étudié, en captivité, trois espèces de primates non-humains qui diffèrent par leurs systèmes sociaux : le mangabé à collier (Cercocebus torquatus), la mone de Campbell (Cercopithecus campbelli) et le singe de Brazza (Cercopithecus neglectus). Nos résultats dénotent d’un lien fort entre variabilité vocale et facteurs sociaux. Le rôle social d’un individu se reflète dans la composition, la richesse de son répertoire et dans sa loquacité. La fonction d’un type de cri influence son degré de variabilité et son potentiel à transmettre un message identitaire. Enfin, un lien a pu être établi entre la taille, la diversité du répertoire, l’activité vocale et le degré de complexité du système social de l’espèce. Ainsi, notre étude comparative soutient l’hypothèse d’une coévolution social-vocal dans la lignée PrimatesCommunication is essential to the social functioning. Therefore social pressures may have a major role on the evolution of communicative abilities. We studied, in captivity, three non-human primate species which differed by their social systems : the red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), the Campbell's monkey (Cercopithecus campbelli) and the de Brazza's monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus). Our results highlight a strong link between vocal variability and social factors. The individual's social role is reflected in its repertoire's composition and diversity, and in its loquaciousness. The function of a call type influences its degree of acoustic variability and its potential to convey an identitary message. Finally, we were able to establish a link between size, diversity of the repertoire, vocal activity and degree of complexity of the species' social system. Thus, our comparative study supports the hypothesis of a social-vocal co-evolution in the Primate lineage
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Landete-Castillejos, Tomás. "Chemical communication in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11231/.
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This study examined the urine and faecal scent marking behaviour and investigatory responses of wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout) kept in large, semi-natural enclosures to assess the role these scents play in their communication system. For the first time, this study has shown that Norway rats deposit faecal scent marks in response to odour cues and form latrines. The spatial distribution of faeces was highly uneven. Most faeces deposited in open areas were found in clusters occupying less than 1 m2 which were termed latrines. Rats spent more time at feeders and in other areas which were almost devoid of faeces than at these latrines. This suggests that latrines were created deliberately, perhaps for communication. Rats discriminated among faeces from different donors with respect to their investigation, presumably using olfactory cues. They faecal marked in response to urine cues from rats belonging to other colonies, although they did not faecal mark in response to their own urine cues or to a novel non-social stimulus (clean tiles). Investigation and faecal marking was aimed mainly towards urine from individuals of the marker's own sex. This suggests that faecal marking may play a role in communication between competitors. Urine was deposited as discrete marks around the enclosures, in an uneven distribution. The highest density of marks was found by the enclosure walls and nest areas. Rats showed a greater urine marking response towards introduced clean surfaces than towards surfaces they had already marked, ensuring that their home area was always covered with their urine marks. Close monitoring of urine marking on clean surfaces showed that male -rats had a marking rate three times greater than that of females. This could not be attributed solely to weight differences between males and females. Rats also urine marked in response to urine deposited by rats from other colonies. Urine from unfamiliar rats of the subject's own sex stimulated more investigation than urine from the opposite sex, though donors were immature. These results suggest that urine marking also plays a role in communication between competitors. Testing individuals in their home enclosure, using scent marks deposited naturally by rats, and the contexts in which scent stimuli are deposited by donors (e. g. as part of their home range) and found by residents (e. g. finding intruder's home range marks in the resident's home range) were essential factors in determining their response to olfactory cues. The importance of these factors is discussed.
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Noble, Jason. "The evolution of animal communication systems : questions of function examined through simulation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/265236/.
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Simulated evolution is used as a tool for investigating the selective pressures that have influenced the design of animal signalling systems. The biological literature on communication is first reviewed: central concepts such as the handicap principle and the view of signalling as manipulation are discussed. The equation of “biological function” with “adaptive value” is then defended, along with a workable definition of communication. Evolutionary simulation models are advocated as a way of testing the coherence of a given theory. Contra some ALife enthusiasts, simulations are not alternate worlds worthy of independent study; in fact they fit naturally into a Quinean picture of scientific knowledge as a web of modifiable propositions. Existing simulation work on the evolution of communication is reviewed: much of it consists of simple proofs of concept that fail to make connections with existing theory. A particular model (MacLennan & Burghardt, 1994) of the evolution of referential communication in a co-operative context is replicated and critiqued in detail. Evolutionary simulations are then presented that cover a range of ecological scenarios; the first is a general model of food- and alarm-calling. In such situations signallers and receivers can have common or conflicting interests; the model allows us to test the idea that a conflict of interests will lead to an arms race of ever more costly signals, whereas common interests will result in signals that are as cheap as possible. The second model is concerned with communication during aggressive interactions. Many animals use signals to settle contests, thus avoiding the costs associated with fighting. Conventional game-theoretic results suggest that the signalling of aggression or of strength will not be evolutionarily stable unless it is physically unfakeable, but some recent models imply that cost-free, arbitrary signals can be reliable indicators of both intent and ability. The simulation, which features continuous-time perception of the opponent’s strategy, is an attempt to settle the question. The third model deals with sexual signalling, i.e., elaborate displays that are designed to persuade members of the opposite sex to mate. The results clarify the question of whether such displays are the pointless result of runaway sexual selection, or whether they function as honest and costly indicators of genetic quality. The models predict the evolution of reliable communication in a surprisingly narrow range of circumstances; a serious gap remains between these predictions and the ethological data. Future directions for simulation work are discussed.
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Jeannin, Sarah. "La relation homme-animal : étude de la communication vocale adressée au chien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100172/document.
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Lorsqu’ils s’adressent à leur chien beaucoup de propriétaires ont une modalité vocale particulière : le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie. Ce registre de communication ressemble beaucoup à celui utilisé par les parents lorsqu’ils s’adressent à leurs nourrissons. Ce qui suggère des soubassements communs. Ces deux registres partagent des caractéristiques qui les distinguent du discours adressé à l’adulte, comme une fréquence fondamentale plus élevée et une modulation plus importante. Une série d’expériences réalisées à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, nous a permis d’étudier comment le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie intervient dans l’interaction homme-chien. Le premier chapitre montre que les caractéristiques acoustiques et verbales du discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie varient en fonction du contexte de l’interaction. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse à la manière dont le chien traite l’information vocale humaine, nos résultats suggèrent de manière générale un biais en faveur de l’hémisphère droit. Le troisième chapitre indique que le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie augmente significativement l’attention du chien. Ce phénomène n’est pas perçu par les observateurs humains comme le montre le quatrième chapitre. A travers l’ensemble de ces études, essentiellement centrées sur le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie, nous mettons en lumière la complexité de la communication homme-chienWhen addressing their dogs, owners often use a special speech register called pet-directed-speech. This communication modality is very similar to infant-directed-speech used by parents when speaking to young children, which suggests common bases. These two types of speech share characteristics that differ from those of adult-directed-speech, such as a higher fundamental frequency and greater modulations. A series of experiments carried out at the National Veterinary School of Alfort allowed us to explore how pet-directed-speech occurs in the human-dog interaction. The first chapter shows that acoustic and verbal features of pet-directed-speech vary according to the interaction context. The second chapter aims to highlight how dogs process human vocal information; overall, our results reveal a right hemispheric advantage. The third chapter indicates that pet-directed-speech increases significantly dogs’ attentional state. This phenomenon is not perceived by human observers, as it is shown in chapter four. Together, these studies which mainly focused on pet-directed-speech bring to light the complexity of the human-dog communication
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Amorim, Maria Clara Correia de Freitas Pessoa de. "Acoustic communication in triglids and other fishes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232579.
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Sound production is widespread among teleosts and is usually observed in social contexts. Many fish, such as triglids, produce sounds by contracting a pair of specialised striated muscles attached to both sides of the swimbladder wall, yielding low frequency sounds made up of repeated brief pulses. Temporal features of acoustic emissions can be controlled by the rate of muscle contraction, thus providing a rich means of conveying information. In this study the sound features of the grey (EutrigJa gurnardus), the streaked (Trigloporus lastoviza), the red (Aspitrigla cuculus) and the tub (Trigla Jucerna) gurnards were compared. The grey and the red gurnards emitted 3 different sound types, knocks, grunts and growls, whereas the streaked and the tub gurnards only emitted one sound type, growls and grunts respectively. Interspecific differences of calls were marked and based on the temporal patterning and on the grouping of the pulses. In the grey gurnard, ontogenetic changes in sound production were found. The sound production rate, the proportion of emitted sound type and the physical features of sounds varied with fish size. A study of diel and seasonal variations of sound production in the grey gurnard showed that more sounds were uttered during the day than at night and that grunts were more important and intense during the SpringSummer period. The sonic apparatus was examined in the species mentioned above and also in the large-scaled gurnard (Lepidotrigla cavillone) and the piper (Trigla lyra). The swimbladder and the sonic muscles grew throughout life in all species. Variations in the sonic apparatus with fish gender or time of the year were not detected. This suggests that the ability to vocalise is similar in both male and female gurnards, probably even during courtship. The shape of the swimbladder was species-specific. All species possessed a pair of intrinsic sonic muscles except for the piper whose sonic muscles were extrinsic. The pair of intrinsic sonic muscles of the grey gurnard contracted synchronously and each contraction generated a pulse of sound. The biological Significance of sound production was studied in the grey, the streaked and the tub gurnards. Few other studies have made a comparison of the behavioural context of sound production in different species of fish of the same family. Competitive feeding interactions were examined and compared between species. The different sound types emitted were also correlated with different behavioural categories. Typical sequences of behaviour were found in each species. Disputes over food items were settled by either reaching food first or by being aggressive, but never involved fighting escalation. The knocks of the grey gurnard and the growls of the streaked gurnard were associated with feeding and low levels of aggressive behaviour, and the grunts of grey and tub gurnards were associated with agonistic behaviour, such as approach, chase and frontal displays. The grey gurnard was the most vocal and aggressive species during competitive feeding. Smaller grey gurnards interacted more frequently than did larger fish, and a larger proportion of their interactions were accompanied by grunt calls. The metabolic costs of sound production in fish were calculated theoretically for different types of acoustic activity. If the assumptions made are valid then it seems that producing acoustic signals in fish is cheap. The biological implications of these low energetic costs were discussed. Finally, the acoustic repertoire of several non-triglid species of fish was examined. Sounds from 7 species were described for the first time. These species uttered sounds during territorial defence and courtship; contexts quite different from those studied for triglids.
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Vail, Alexander Linden. "Collaborative hunting, partner choice, and intentional communication in fish." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709046.
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Friedrich, Jennifer Ann. "The Role of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Communication Skills of Children With Autism." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6203.
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Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with social communication and prosocial behaviors. Due to a lack of social communication and social interaction skills among children with ASD, special education teachers are tasked with providing meaningful social opportunities to them to facilitate their learning of these skills. Special education literature lacks research studies about how dog-based animal-assisted interventions (AAI) can improve social communication outcomes for children in a school setting. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study, guided by Bowlby's theory of attachment and the human-animal bond concept, was to explore, describe, and improve the understanding of how elementary teachers use dog-based AAI programs in their classrooms to facilitate social communication skill development for students with ASD. Data were collected through individual interviews of 10 elementary teachers and child-study team members who used AAI programs within their buildings. Data were openly coded using thematic analysis. Key findings of the study revealed that a therapy dog could act as a stimulus for social interactions as well as facilitate students' social interaction participation. The results also indicated the importance of the teacher's role in implementing AAI programs that target social communication skills. This study may contribute to the field of special education practice by promoting the implementation of more AAI programs in educational settings, not just for students with ASD, but also potentially for the whole school community.
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Kaufman, Sara Victoria. ""You Can See it in Their Eyes:" A Communication Ethnography of a Humane Society." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/200.
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This study sought to understand the culture-sharing group of people working within the shelter area of a Pacific Northwest animal shelter through the Ethnography of Communication. About 63% of households in the United States live with a companion animal (Risley-Curtis et al., 2006). Recently, there has been a shift toward closer examination into the ways in which humans interact with animals, particularly companion animals. The guiding questions of this study were: RQ1: What are the cultural communication forms performed in the context of the humane society? RQ2: How do shelter workers communicate about companion animals? RQ3: What cultural meanings are instantiated through communication in this context? This qualitative research approach included 40 hours of participant observation, individual interviews and an analysis of a set of documents and artifacts. Utilizing the Ethnography of Communication components, thematic and pattern analysis, findings revealed use of three main communication forms within the shelter: verbal, written and nonverbal communication and the overarching key theme of relational bonding occurring within an animal-centric organization among 4 relational categories: A. Shelter animals and shelter animals, B. Shelter animals and shelter workers, C. Shelter workers and shelter workers and D. Shelter workers and the public. Processes leading to relational bonding are delineated including detailed speech as well as aspects of "broken bonds" and euthanasia and it's effects within a "no-kill" organization.
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Seagraves, Kelly. "Lines of communication : acoustic signalling and reception in a vertebrate and an invertebrate system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708859.
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Miller, Patrick J. O. "Maintaining contact : design and use of acoustic signals in killer whales, Orcinus orca /." Online version, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1765.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2000.Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Heckscher, Christopher M. "Use of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens) call repertoire in vocal communication." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 279 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456624521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Armstrong, Debbie Maree. "The role of vocal communication in the biology of fledgling and juvenile kea (Nestor notabilis) in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1316.
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The kea is the only parrot species in the world to include the true alpine environment as part of their habitat. Survival in these harsh alpine conditions has been hypothesised to be the cause of the generalist behaviour of kea, leading to their heightened explorative behaviour and curiosity. Kea are also widely regarded as being extraordinarily intelligent. It is their intelligence that suggests that kea may possess a sophisticated communication system. I conducted a study exploring the potentially complex vocal repertoire of the kea. My study was conducted with wild population of banded juvenile and fledgling kea in Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park between February 2003 and April 2004. I obtained 449 vocalisations from 16 identified and several unidentified kea. The results of this study confirmed that the vocal repertoire of the kea is exceptionally large for a parrot species, encompassing over 17 vocalisations. This study revealed five vocalisations previously undescribed in the kea repertoire and showed for the first time that vocal repertoire of immature kea may be different to the repertoire of adult kea. Two possible gender specific vocalisations were also revealed. The study of apparent vocal responses revealed that kea appear to be able to identify vocalisation types and respond accordingly using combinations of increasingly complex vocalisations. This is also the first study to take advantage of the similarity between human and parrot vocal systems for the kea, by utilizing powerful human speech analysis software. The results of this analysis allowed the identification of subtle differences in kea vocalisations, including the presence of graded signals, not identifiable by use of spectrogram analysis.
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Tavares, Jose Pedro. "Some aspects of the pattern of song use by great tits, Parus major." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389472.
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Robinson, Ian H. "Olfactory communication and social behaviour in the mink (Mustela vison)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=129199.
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This thesis is about olfactory communication in mink (Mustela vison) and how it may relate to their social behaviour. The sources of mammalian social odours and studies of scent marking by carnivores were discussed. The possible functions of scent marking in territories were also discussed, with particular reference to Gosling's scent matching hypothesis. The distribution of faeces (scats) in a coastal population of mink was ddtermined on a monthly basis. Most scats were found in the months December to April, which includes the mating season. Although scats tended to occur singly, they had a clumped distribution because single scats tended to be deposited around certain features in the enviornment. Scats were found around the same features over a number of months. The areas where scats were deposited also tended to have a clumped distribution when data from all months were considered. A trained male mink was able to discriminate between the faeces of mink irrespective of their sex or degree of association with the experimental animal. Over a 48 hour period, male mink over-marked faecal samples from other mink with their own faeces. Females normally only over-marked faeces from females kept in neighbouring cages. During lactation and in August and September the females over-marked faeces from unknown males and females. When testing the immediate response of mink to faeces, both male and female mink spent more time sniffing at faeces from other mink than at their own faeces. Males also spent more time sniffing at faeces from females during the reproductive period than they did outside the reproductive period. During their immediate response to faeces, the males tended to produce trails of urine on top of or beside samples of faeces from unknown males and females. While in reproductive condition, mink spent more time sniffing and produced more urine trails in response to samples of urine collected from females that were likely to be in oestrus than at samples collected from females unlikely to be in oestrus. Outside the reproductive period both males and females produced urine trails in response to urine from unknown males and females. Male mink produced more scent marks in response to samples of old (24 hours) anal sac secretion than to fresh anal sac secretion. Female mink produced few scent marks in response to either sample. Anal sac secretion when sprayed from a model mink, caused both mink and potential predators of mink, to back away from the model. The presence of the major constituent of the anal sac secretion, 2,2-dimethylthietane was shown to reduce the 'trapability' of mink and small rodents, and to cause feeding suppression in rabbits over a 24 hour period. Experiments designed to test predictions of Goslings hypothesis could not support or refute the hypothesis.
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Wong, Calvin J. H. "Neural circuits controlling electrical communication in gymnotiform fish /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9735272.
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Giles, Jacqueline. "The underwater acoustic repertoire of the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga." Thesis, Giles, Jacqueline (2005) The underwater acoustic repertoire of the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39/.
Full textAbstract:
The major question addressed by this project was to determine if the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga, vocalise underwater and whether their vocal activity could be related to behavioural or ecological aspects of their lives. These turtles often live in wetlands where visibility is restricted due to habitat complexity or light limitation caused by factors such as tannin-staining, or turbidity. For many aquatic animals, sound is a useful means of communication over distances beyond their visual acuity. This thesis gives the first detailed account of the underwater vocal repertoire of C. oblonga.
In total, over 230 days were spent in the field and more than 500 hours of tape recordings were made for this research. Initially, a number of recordings took place in three wetlands known to support turtle populations: Blue Gum Lake; Glen Brook Dam; and Lake Leschenaultia in Perth, Western Australia; in order to determine the nature of the freshwater sound field and place turtle vocalisations into the context in which they were vocalising. The wetlands differed in terms of degree of enrichment, substrate material, water depth and habitat complexity. Recordings were made over a four-week period in the last month of summer and the first week of autumn (Feb-Mar 2003). Invertebrate sweeps were also taken over a two-week period at each recording site to determine if invertebrate distributions were related to patterns of sonic activity. To determine the influence of wind on ambient noise; recordings were undertaken on winter mornings (June-August, 2003) at Blue Gum Lake and Glen Brook Dam at locations north, south, west and east for four different wind speeds - Beaufort Wind Scale (BWS) 0,1,2 and 3.
There were seven distinctive calls recognised in the recordings. The frequency bandwidth most utilised by organisms was between 3 kHz up to around 14 kHz, with the exception of the 'bird-like song'; which extended from 500 Hz up to around 10 kHz. Blue Gum Lake contained a more diverse and abundant assemblage of invertebrates than Lake Leschenaultia and Glen Brook Dam. Correspondingly, a greater diversity of calls was recorded at Blue Gum Lake, as well as the presence of chorus activity, which was not heard at the two less-enriched sites. The periods of greatest diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates was synonymous with the increased sonic activity at dusk and midnight with noise levels greatest at dusk in particular, and to a lesser extent at midnight. There was no difference in ambient noise at Blue Gum Lake or Glen Brook Dam at wind speeds of Beaufort Wind Scale 0, 1 and 2.
Turtles from three populations were recorded in artificial environments: consisting of round, plastic, above-ground ponds (1.8m dia. x 0.65m depth), which were set up to recreate small wetlands. Recordings occurred from September to October, 2003 and from February to December, 2004 as well as January, 2005. Seven hatchling and five juvenile turtles (CL < 10cm) were also recorded in order to ascertain whether very young turtles vocalised. Hatchlings were recorded in a glass aquarium (35.5cm length x 20cm width x 22.0cm depth) and juveniles were placed into a below-ground outdoor pond (1m length x 0.5m width x 0.4m depth). Recordings occurred from as early as 4.30am (dawn recordings) to as late as 1.30am (evening recordings).
The recordings revealed that turtles utilise an underwater acoustic communication system (calling at the water's surface was also noted but these were not recorded or a part of this research) involving a repertoire of both complex and percussive sounds with short, medium and potentially long-range propagation characteristics. Complex structures included harmonically related elements (richly or sparsely) and different rates of frequency modulation. Frequency use extended beyond the in-air auditory sensitivity known for a single species of turtle studied from the family Chelidae; with calls ranging from around 100 Hz in some of the percussive displays, to as high as 3.5 kHz in some complex calls, with 'clicks' extending beyond the 20 kHz upper limit of the recording system. However, most of C. oblonga's vocalisations had dominant frequencies below 1 kHz. Turtles were intermittent callers with an extensive vocal repertoire of seventeen (17) vocal categories - highly suggestive of complex social organisation. Vocalisations included: a) clacks; b) clicks; c) squawks; d) hoots; e) short chirps; f) high short chirps; g) medium chirps; h) long chirps; i) high calls; j) cries or wails; k) cat whines; l) grunts; m) growls; n) blow bursts; o) staccatos; p) a wild howl; and q) drum rolling. Also, two sustained 'pulse-bouts' were recorded during the breeding months, hypothesised to function as acoustic advertisement displays - possibly 'calling songs'. Hatchling turtles were not heard to vocalise within the audible range. Only a single complex vocalisation was heard produced by the juvenile turtles, with a number of percussive calls.
Preliminary playback trials were conducted under free-field conditions and within an artificial environment, which consisted of a below ground rectangular tank (2.4m length x 0.8m width x 0.6m deep). A number of turtle calls recorded in the artificial ponds were selected for playback. A UW 30 speaker was used for broadcast of calls. The free-field playbacks occurred at Mabel Talbot Lake and Blue Gum Lake during the months of April and May, 2005. Playback using 14 seconds of an artificially constructed sequence from the sustained 'pulse-bout' occurred in the artificial channels. This sequence consisted of some of the first phase pulses followed by a section of the 'vibrato'.
The preliminary free-field playback trials indicated that turtles had some interest in the calls being played by responding with an 'alert posture'. Turtles were shown to remain in the alert posture for a significantly longer time than when no sound was played or when white noise was played. The extensive repertoire and initial responses to the free-field playbacks indicated that sound has some biological importance for C. oblonga, although results of playbacks under artificial conditions were inconclusive.
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Giles, Jacqueline. "The underwater acoustic repertoire of the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga." Giles, Jacqueline (2005) The underwater acoustic repertoire of the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/39/.
Full textAbstract:
The major question addressed by this project was to determine if the long-necked, freshwater turtle Chelodina oblonga, vocalise underwater and whether their vocal activity could be related to behavioural or ecological aspects of their lives. These turtles often live in wetlands where visibility is restricted due to habitat complexity or light limitation caused by factors such as tannin-staining, or turbidity. For many aquatic animals, sound is a useful means of communication over distances beyond their visual acuity. This thesis gives the first detailed account of the underwater vocal repertoire of C. oblonga.
In total, over 230 days were spent in the field and more than 500 hours of tape recordings were made for this research. Initially, a number of recordings took place in three wetlands known to support turtle populations: Blue Gum Lake; Glen Brook Dam; and Lake Leschenaultia in Perth, Western Australia; in order to determine the nature of the freshwater sound field and place turtle vocalisations into the context in which they were vocalising. The wetlands differed in terms of degree of enrichment, substrate material, water depth and habitat complexity. Recordings were made over a four-week period in the last month of summer and the first week of autumn (Feb-Mar 2003). Invertebrate sweeps were also taken over a two-week period at each recording site to determine if invertebrate distributions were related to patterns of sonic activity. To determine the influence of wind on ambient noise; recordings were undertaken on winter mornings (June-August, 2003) at Blue Gum Lake and Glen Brook Dam at locations north, south, west and east for four different wind speeds - Beaufort Wind Scale (BWS) 0,1,2 and 3.
There were seven distinctive calls recognised in the recordings. The frequency bandwidth most utilised by organisms was between 3 kHz up to around 14 kHz, with the exception of the 'bird-like song'; which extended from 500 Hz up to around 10 kHz. Blue Gum Lake contained a more diverse and abundant assemblage of invertebrates than Lake Leschenaultia and Glen Brook Dam. Correspondingly, a greater diversity of calls was recorded at Blue Gum Lake, as well as the presence of chorus activity, which was not heard at the two less-enriched sites. The periods of greatest diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates was synonymous with the increased sonic activity at dusk and midnight with noise levels greatest at dusk in particular, and to a lesser extent at midnight. There was no difference in ambient noise at Blue Gum Lake or Glen Brook Dam at wind speeds of Beaufort Wind Scale 0, 1 and 2.
Turtles from three populations were recorded in artificial environments: consisting of round, plastic, above-ground ponds (1.8m dia. x 0.65m depth), which were set up to recreate small wetlands. Recordings occurred from September to October, 2003 and from February to December, 2004 as well as January, 2005. Seven hatchling and five juvenile turtles (CL < 10cm) were also recorded in order to ascertain whether very young turtles vocalised. Hatchlings were recorded in a glass aquarium (35.5cm length x 20cm width x 22.0cm depth) and juveniles were placed into a below-ground outdoor pond (1m length x 0.5m width x 0.4m depth). Recordings occurred from as early as 4.30am (dawn recordings) to as late as 1.30am (evening recordings).
The recordings revealed that turtles utilise an underwater acoustic communication system (calling at the water's surface was also noted but these were not recorded or a part of this research) involving a repertoire of both complex and percussive sounds with short, medium and potentially long-range propagation characteristics. Complex structures included harmonically related elements (richly or sparsely) and different rates of frequency modulation. Frequency use extended beyond the in-air auditory sensitivity known for a single species of turtle studied from the family Chelidae; with calls ranging from around 100 Hz in some of the percussive displays, to as high as 3.5 kHz in some complex calls, with 'clicks' extending beyond the 20 kHz upper limit of the recording system. However, most of C. oblonga's vocalisations had dominant frequencies below 1 kHz. Turtles were intermittent callers with an extensive vocal repertoire of seventeen (17) vocal categories - highly suggestive of complex social organisation. Vocalisations included: a) clacks; b) clicks; c) squawks; d) hoots; e) short chirps; f) high short chirps; g) medium chirps; h) long chirps; i) high calls; j) cries or wails; k) cat whines; l) grunts; m) growls; n) blow bursts; o) staccatos; p) a wild howl; and q) drum rolling. Also, two sustained 'pulse-bouts' were recorded during the breeding months, hypothesised to function as acoustic advertisement displays - possibly 'calling songs'. Hatchling turtles were not heard to vocalise within the audible range. Only a single complex vocalisation was heard produced by the juvenile turtles, with a number of percussive calls.
Preliminary playback trials were conducted under free-field conditions and within an artificial environment, which consisted of a below ground rectangular tank (2.4m length x 0.8m width x 0.6m deep). A number of turtle calls recorded in the artificial ponds were selected for playback. A UW 30 speaker was used for broadcast of calls. The free-field playbacks occurred at Mabel Talbot Lake and Blue Gum Lake during the months of April and May, 2005. Playback using 14 seconds of an artificially constructed sequence from the sustained 'pulse-bout' occurred in the artificial channels. This sequence consisted of some of the first phase pulses followed by a section of the 'vibrato'.
The preliminary free-field playback trials indicated that turtles had some interest in the calls being played by responding with an 'alert posture'. Turtles were shown to remain in the alert posture for a significantly longer time than when no sound was played or when white noise was played. The extensive repertoire and initial responses to the free-field playbacks indicated that sound has some biological importance for C. oblonga, although results of playbacks under artificial conditions were inconclusive.
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Lemasson, Germain. "Interaction animal machine : dispositif connecté pour chien d’assistance." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS414/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le chien est le meilleur ami de l'homme et lui rend de nombreux services. L'association Handi'Chiens forme des chiens d'assistance pour des personnes à mobilité réduite. Ces chiens aident ces personnes dans leur vie quotidienne et ont un fort impact socialisant. Les personnes se sentent rapidement dépendantes de leur chien et par peur de le perdre, malgré sa formation rigoureuse, elles peuvent ne pas lui laisser suffisamment de liberté ce qui a des conséquences néfastes sur son équilibre. Ces travaux répondent à la question "Comment améliorer la situation du chien, grâce à la technologie actuelle, en augmentant les capacités de communication entre un chien d’assistance et son maître en situation de handicap ?". Afin de répondre à cette problématique, plusieurs prototypes de harnais et de colliers électroniques ont été développés et testés avec succès. Les expérimentations ont notamment montré qu'un chien est capable de répondre à des commandes provenant d'un dispositif électronique, même en l’absence de son maître. Afin de permettre aux personnes en situation de handicap de piloter de tels dispositifs, une interface mobile accessible a également été développée et testéeDogs are the best friends of people and return them numerous services. The Handi'Chiens association trains assistance dogs for persons with reduced mobility. These dogs help disabled people in their daily lives and a strong socializing impact. People quickly feel dependent on their dog, and by fear of losing it despite its rigorous training, might not leave it enough freedom which results in negative consequences on its health. This work answers the question "How to improve the situation of the dog, with current technology, by increasing communication between a service dog and his handler with disabilities?" To address this issue, several electronic harnesses and collars prototypes have been developed and successfully tested. Experiments have shown that a dog is able to respond to commands from an electronic device, even in the absence of its handler. To allow people with disabilities to control such devices, an accessible mobile interface has also been developed and tested
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Danial, Rioldi Emmanuela. "The influence of conservation breeding programs on animal communication and behaviour – a literary review." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18338.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This literary review is focused on how conservation breeding programs may influence an animal’s behaviour and communication and if this may affect reintroduction. The expansion of the human population is an increasing threat to all wild animals and their habitats. Animals are forced to survive in smaller areas and the worst case scenario is extinction. Animals communicate with each other using various types of signals to transmit information about their reproductive status, intentions, identity and their state of mind. Sexual selection can benefit these traits which improves the reproductive success in animals. In male species sexual dimorphisms have evolved to enhance a greater reproductive success, whilst secondary sexual characteristics are described as an exaggerated feature which improves success in the forms of body size, skin colour and weaponry. Zoos are being encouraged to conserve endangered species with the hope of a possible reintroduction to their native environment and it is therefore essential that zoo managers have an understanding of the species specific behaviour in order to achieve a higher reproductive success. The breeding of endangered animals in captivity provides a healthy population growth and a higher survival rate than that of their wild conspecifics. Negative impacts that can occur in captive breeding include a reduction in genetic diversity, domestication, inbreeding and a loss of fitness. When provided with enclosures that are designed to resemble their natural environment, thus allowing them to perform natural behaviours, there is a decrease in stereotypes and stress. Environmental enrichment can also provide the essential skills that are needed for their survival when reintroduced into their native habitat. I discovered that when provided with the appropriate management and enclosures animals showed a decrease in abnormal behaviour and an increase in fitness and health which influenced reproductive success.Den här litteraturstudien är fokuserad på hur bevarandeavelsprogram påverkar ett djurs beteende och dess kommunikation och om de kan påverka återintroduktion. Befolkningsökningen är ett växande hot mot alla vilda djur och deras livsmiljöer. Detta medför att de tvingas överleva på mindre områden och det värsta tänkbara scenariot är utrotning. Djur kommunicerar med varandra med hjälp av olika typer av signaler för att förmedla information om deras reproduktiva tillstånd, avsikter, identitet och sinnestillstånd. Sexuell selektion kan gynna de egenskaper som medför en ökad reproduktion hos djur. Hos hanar har könsdimorfism utvecklats för att förbättra reproduktionsframgång, medan sekundära könskaraktärer beskrivs som en överdriven funktion som förbättrar framgången i form av kroppsstorlek, hudfärg and vapen. Djurparker uppmuntras att bevara hotade arter med hopp om en eventuell återintroduktion till sitt naturliga habitat, och det är därför viktigt att det finns en förståelse för artens specifika beteende i syfte att uppnå en högre reproduktiv framgång. Aveln av utrotningshotade djur i fångenskap medför en välmående populationstillväxt och en större överlevnad jämfört med sina vilda artfränder. Negativa effekter som kan uppstå i bevarandeavel är en minskning av den genetiska mångfalden, domesticering, inavel och en nedgång i fitness. När djur förses med inhägnader som är utformade att likna deras naturliga miljö, vilket tillåter dem att utföra naturliga beteenden, sker det en minskning i stereotyper och stress. Miljöberikning kan även förse djuren med de väsentliga färdigheter som krävs för överlevnad när de återintroduceras till deras naturliga habitat. Jag upptäckte att när djuren var försedda med en lämplig skötsel och inhägnad visades en minskning i avvikandebeteende och en ökning av fitness och hälsa vilket påverkade den reproduktiva framgången.
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McDermott, Michael P. "Veterinary communication skills and training in the United Kingdom and the United States of America." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52042/.
Full textAbstract:
Veterinary communication is a core clinical skill and is believed to have a positive impact on client satisfaction, trust and adherence to patient management recommendations. Veterinary communication skills training has therefore been incorporated into veterinary undergraduate and postgraduate education. This thesis focuses on the topic of veterinary communication and comprises two studies. The aim of the first study was to gain a current understanding of the state, adequacy, and relevance of veterinary communication skills and training in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA). This was done by conducting a survey of a sample of veterinary surgeons in each country about communication skills and training in the context of a veterinary consultation. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data from the survey was undertaken. Key findings were that 98 percent of respondents (1,708/1,748) believed communication skills to be equal in importance to, or more important than, clinical knowledge, whereas only 40 percent (705/1,759) were interested in further communication skills training. Barriers to participation in communication CPD appear to include lack of time and/or employer support, and a belief among some practitioners that communication training could no longer benefit them or was inadequately matched to real-world communication challenges. The aim of the second study was to assess several factors that may impact on communication dynamics during a consultation. Fifty-five video-recorded veterinary consultations in the UK and USA were analysed as follows: 1. The complexity of the consultations was assessed using a tool previously validated for recording information via direct observation of consultations. Elements recorded included details on the patient(s) and reasons for the visit, problems investigated, body systems involved, tests performed, diagnoses, and outcomes. Categorical data statistics were recorded as whole numbers and percentages and Chi-Square calculations were done to measure differences between UK and USA data. Continuous data statistics were recorded as median, range, and interquartile ratio (IQR) and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to measure UK versus USA differences. (Continuous data for the remaining elements in the study were analysed in the same manner.) Key findings were that consultations were complex, involving multiple problems, body systems, tests, diagnoses, and outcomes. 2. Consultations were analysed for alignment with two consultation models, the Calgary-Cambridge Model for Veterinary Consultations (GCCVM) and the Patient-centred Clinical Method, by coding elements of each consultation model in the consultation transcripts. The frequency and proportion of model elements demonstrated in each consultation were assessed, as was the alignment of the consultations to each model, defined by the percent of possible model elements demonstrated in each consultation. There was 86.67% alignment with the GCCVM and 62.50% alignment with the Patient-centred Clinical Method. Veterinary surgeons in the study spent more time gathering information and explaining than empathising or soliciting client input. 3. Consultations were also analysed for dominance of medical versus lifeworld dialogue using the Mishler Discourse Analysis, and medical dialogue dominated over lifeworld dialogue (65.62% to 34.48%). 4. Client/relationship centredness was evaluated using a novel application of a tool in veterinary communication research, the Verona Patient-centred Communication Evaluation Scale (VR-COPE). Results suggested a relatively high degree of client/relationship centredness (a median score of 76/100), though with somewhat lower scores for elements related to client emotions and the veterinary surgeon responding to them. 5. Client satisfaction was evaluated using the previously validated Client Satisfaction Quotient (CSQ). There was a high degree of satisfaction expressed by clients (median score of 94/114), though average scores were slightly lower for topics related to cost and expression of interest in the client’s opinion. Limitations of the research included the low response rate of US veterinary surgeons to the survey, the small, convenience-based sample used in the consultation study, the reliance on the researcher for maintaining quality and validity, and the scoring of client/relationship-centredness with a tool that heretofore had not been used in veterinary medicine and was not subjected to extensive inter-rater variability testing. The findings in this thesis support the contention that communication skills are important for veterinary practitioners. The work also highlights the need for making communication training a priority in undergraduate veterinary education and an accessible and relevant component of postgraduate CPD. The findings also suggest a need to equip veterinary students and practitioners for communication during consultations that are relatively complex with highly iterative flow between topics, as well as for addressing emotions and inviting input of clients. Elements of the GCCVM and other models may help provide a framework for training in these competencies.
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Cipolla, M. "ONE COMMUNICATION AND ONE HEALTH: COMMUNICATION IN VETERINARY MEDICINE TO IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232569.
Full textAbstract:
Health communication has become recently an essential and powerful tool for public health. Its role has been largely recognized in human medicine, but it has been less considered in veterinary medicine even if this latter field is not less decisive for the human health. The One Health concept unified the two medicines recognizing that human health is inextricably connected to animal health and environment.
Within this framework, we design this study to investigate the relationship between health communication and One Health. Particularly, we focused on the role of communication in veterinary medicine and how it has the potential to improve human health.
Veterinary medicine competences include a broad spectrum of aspects, which can’t be covered in a single study. Moreover, we were interested in investigate if communication has a role also in the veterinary areas traditionally considered less linked to public health. Therefore, this study was focused on clinical communication, both in companion and in food-producing animals practice.
This study confirmed the outcomes from previous surveys and showed the importance of communication in veterinary medicine in improving human health.
Communication in veterinary medicine is not less important for human health, and is not different from what is usually considered health communication. Indeed, both of them cover the same issue (zoonoses, food safety etc.) and use the same strategies.
Therefore, a “One Communication” approach appear to be the most helpful tool in improving human health in the One World-One Health-One Medicine.
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Rodrigues, Vanessa Filipa Santos. "Vocalization repertoires variation of Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) population in Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21457.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Ecologia AplicadaEcological changes in the habitats, induced by climate change or the new paradigms of land use, have had enormous effects in the distribution of species, from the fragmentation of the populations to changes on the genome and/or their behavior. In the case of birds, these constraints may cause changes in vocal repertoires among isolated populations. It was recently confirmed that the two last populations of Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) resident in Portugal (populations of the Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros and Sagres) have an apparent gene-flow restriction, suggesting an isolation that is not explained only by the geographical distance that separates them. In fact, the species has a high dispersion capacity which can not itself justify this restriction of genes between these two populations. Being the species a corvid with a high cognitive capacity and gregarious species, the communication between individuals becomes a vital point to its survival. This work intends to investigate if the gene-flow restriction is due to a social segregation that can be reflected in the variations of the vocal repertoire between the two populations. The aim of this study was to describe and try to understand the main differences between the two populations, as well as possible variations among individuals of the same population (in this case, only in Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros). The results showed that the two studied populations have different repertoires, were described five call types from the population in the Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros and only four in the population of Sagres, thus not existing an evident common vocal repertoire between both populations. It was verified that among the populations the greatest differences are in the duration, maximum frequency and final frequency, where the population from Sagres has smaller durations and maximum frequencies and a higher final frequency than the population from Serra d'Aire e Candeeiros. In the case of the differences between individuals analysed at the intra-population level, these showed individual variations, namely peak frequency and ascending time. Overall, the results seem to corroborate the thesis that the genetic isolation of these populations can be attributed to communication and social barriers.
As mudanças no estado ecológico dos habitats, induzidas por alterações climáticas e/ou por novos paradigmas dos usos do solo, têm tido inúmeras consequências na distribuição das espécies, desde a fragmentação das populações, passando por mudanças no genoma e no seu comportamento. No caso das aves, estes constrangimentos poderão traduzir-se em mudanças nos repertórios vocais entre populações isoladas. Recentemente, confirmou-se que as duas últimas populações de Gralha de Bico Vermelho (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) residentes em Portugal (populações da Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros e de Sagres) apresentam uma aparente restrição de fluxo genético entre si, sugerindo um isolamento que não se explica apenas pela distância geográfica que as separa. De facto, a espécie apresenta uma elevada capacidade de dispersão o que não pode, só por si, justificar esta restrição de genes. Sendo a espécie um corvídeo com uma elevada capacidade cognitiva e gregária a comunicação entre indivíduos torna-se vital à sua sobrevivência. Este trabalho pretende investigar se a restrição do fluxo genético se deve a uma segregação social que pode refletir-se nas variações do repertório vocal entre as duas populações. Com este intuito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e tentar compreender quais as principais diferenças entre as duas populações, bem como possíveis variações entre indivíduos de uma mesma população (neste último caso apenas na Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros). Os resultados demonstraram que as duas populações estudadas exibiram repertórios diferentes, com a existência de cinco tipos de vocalizações para a população da Serra na Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros e apenas quatro na população de Sagres, não havendo uma partilha evidente de entre tipos de vocalização comuns a ambas as populações. Verificou-se que entre as populações as maiores diferenças estão na duração, frequência máxima e frequência final, sendo que na população de Sagres as vocalizações têm durações e frequências máximas menores e a frequência final maior que as da população de Serra d’Aire e Candeeiros. No caso das diferenças entre indivíduos analisados ao nível intra-populacional, estes mostraram variações individuais nomeadamente na frequência de pico e do tempo de ascensão. Globalmente, os resultados parecem corroborar a tese de que o isolamento genético destas populações pode ser imputável também a barreiras comunicacionais e sociais.
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Di, Poi Carole. "Déterminisme de la structure sociale chez le bar juvénile Dicentrarchus labrax en conditions d'auto-nourrissage : approches neuro-éthologique et physiologique." Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET4011.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail avait pour objectif de déterminer, par une approche multidisciplinaire, la structure sociale émergente au sein de groupes de bars juvéniles Dicentrarchus labrax en conditions d'auto-nourrissage. Les résultats montrent que seuls quelques individus, les manipulateurs principaux, sont particulièrement actifs vis-à-vis du distributeur à la demande, alors que le reste du groupe reste peu, voire totalement inactif. Une telle structuration sociale semble pérenne et particulièrement robuste. Les manipulateurs principaux ne présentent aucun bénéfice en termes de prise alimentaire et de croissance, ils ne démontrent pas non plus de comportement agressif pour défendre l'accès au levier ou à l'aliment. Néanmoins, l'activité du manipulateur principal semble ajustée sur les besoins du groupe qui bénéficie de sa production. Ce modèle social ressemble à de nombreux égards au modèle de « producteur / profiteur », dans lequel les profiteurs usurpent la nourriture trouvée par le (ou les) producteur(s). Si aucun bénéfice apparent n'est décelable pour les manipulateurs principaux, en revanche, ces individus présentent une bonne efficacité alimentaire. Il reste à déterminer si cette différence d'efficacité alimentaire est une conséquence de leur fonction ou une cause qui les prédisposerait à devenir les manipulateurs principaux. Nos résultats démontrent également une corrélation négative entre les niveaux physiologiques de stress (5-HIAA/5-HT), expression ARNm POMC, cortisol plasmatique) et le statut de demande alimentaire des individus. Ces différences de stress peuvent s'expliquer par les différences inter-individuelles dans le contrôle du système de nourrissage et la possibilité d'anticiper ou non l'heure et la fréquence des repas. Enfin, ces travaux montrent que les canaux de communication visuels et chimiques sont la base de systèmes de communication chez le bar, et que ce dernier dispose de capacités cognitives relativement élaborées pour la transmission sociale et pour la reconnaissance conspécifiques familiers (individus du même groupe social). Cette capacité de reconnaissance module les réponses comportementales mais également l'expression neurale du neuropeptide arginine vasotocine (AVT) au niveau de l'aire préoptique de l'hypothalamus. Au-delà de la contribution de ces travaux dans la connaissance du comportement social du bar juvénile, nos résultats sont susceptibles d'intéresser les pisciculteurs. Il contribue à la mise en évidence d'indicateurs éthologiques et physiologiques dans le cadre de l'amélioration du bien être des poissons au sein des élevagesBy a multidisciplinary approach, this PhD work aimed to determine the social structure underlying the individual differences in self-feeding behaviour within juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax groups. The results show that a few individuals, the high-triggering fish, within the group strongly operate the self-feeder, whereas the remaining individuals are composed of low- and null-triggering fish. Such triggering structure exhibits a high constancy and seems to be particulary robust. However, the high-triggering fish do not show direct benefits, neither in feed intake nor in growth rate. In addition, they do not exhibit agonistic behaviour for the food ressource or the trigger defence. Moreover, the activity of the high-triggering fish seems to be adjusted on the whole group food needs rather than on their own needs. Such social model looks like the « producer / scrounger » social model, in which the scroungers are individuals usurping the ressources found by producers. No visible benefits are noticed for the high-triggerers, however, they appear to be most feed efficient fish in the group. Then a question remains, whether such food efficiency differences are the consequence of their triggering function or the cause which lead one individual to achieve the high-triggering status. Our results also show a negative correlation between physiological stress levels (5-HIAA /5-HT, POMC mRNA expression, plasma cortisol) and the individual triggering behaviour. We assume that these differences may be linked to the individual differences in the control of the time and the frequency of the meal distribution, which permits to the high-triggering fish an advantage to anticipate the meal time. Finally, the last studies show that the visual and chemical sensory cues are the basis of conspecific communication in juvenile sea bass. In addition, this fish species exhibits cognitive abilities for social transmission and recognition of familiar conspecifies (based on a past experience). Such social recognition modulates behavioural responses, as well as, the neural expression of the neuropeptide arginine vosotocin (AVT) in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. On one hand, this wotrk contributes to improve scientific knowledge on the social behaviour of sea bass ; on the other hand, our results may have a real interest for fish farmers to identify ethological and physiological indicators of sea bass welfare in aquaculture
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Verburgt, Luke. "Female responses and male signals in the acoustic communication system of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07122007-133806.
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Dakin, Roslyn. "The role of the visual train ornament in the courtship of peafowl, Pavo cristatus." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1423.
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Fry, Christopher Lee. "A source-filter model of birdsong production /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9913150.
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How, Martin J. "The fiddler crab claw-waving display : an analysis of the structure and function of a movement-based visual signal /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20081001.111333/index.html.
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Hobaiter, Catherine. "Gestural communication in wild chimpanzees." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2143.
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Great ape gesture is an elaborate, flexible system of intentional communication. It has been suggested that human language originated in gesture, thus, the gestural communication of great apes is of great interest for questions on the origin of language. To date, systematic studies of great ape gesture have been limited to restricted captive settings, supplemented by the study of a few specific gestures in wild populations. To address questions about gestural communication from an evolutionary perspective it is necessary to extend the systematic study of gesture into a wild ape population. I therefore undertook a 22-month study of gesture in the wild Sonso chimpanzee community in Budongo, Uganda. Sonso chimpanzees employ a large repertoire of species-typical gestures in intentional communication; a proportion of this repertoire appears to be ape-typical, as would be expected with a biologically given trait. Chimpanzees can acquire new behavioural patterns through imitation; however, this apparently does not represent a significant means of acquiring gestures. Gesturing was employed regularly in an intentional manner from the end of the first year, and was used by chimpanzees of all ages to communicate across a range of contexts, including the evolutionarily urgent context of consortship. Immature chimpanzees used a wide range of gestures, which they combined into rapid sequences. With maturity, use of the repertoire was ‘tuned’ to focus on the most effective gestures, which were then used individually. Despite the evidence for referential pointing in captive chimpanzees, there was little evidence for the regular use of it in wild chimpanzees. Gestures were used to communicate a range of imperative requests that regulated social behaviour. Chimpanzee gestures vary from the ambiguous to the highly specific in meaning; and, while gestures were used flexibly, they tended to be associated with a single dominant meaning.
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Glaeser, Sharon Stuart. "Analysis and Classification of Sounds Produced by Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus)." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4066.
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Relatively little is known about the vocal repertoire of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and a categorization of basic call types and modifications of these call types by quantitative acoustic parameters is needed to examine acoustic variability within and among call types, to examine individuality, to determine communicative function of calls via playback, to compare species and populations, and to develop rigorous call recognition algorithms for monitoring populations.
This study defines an acoustic repertoire of Asian elephants based on acoustic parameters, compares repertoire usage among groups and individuals, and validates structural distinction among call types through comparison of manual and automated classification methods. Recordings were made of captive elephants at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, OR, USA, and of domesticated elephants in Thailand. Acoustic and behavioral data were collected in a variety of social contexts and environmental noise conditions. Calls were classified using perceptual aural cues plus visual inspection of spectrograms, then acoustic features were measured, then automated classification was run. The final repertoire was defined by six basic call types (Bark, Roar, Rumble, Bark, Squeal, Squeal, and Trumpet), five call combinations and modifications with these basic calls forming their constituent parts (Roar-Rumble, Squeal-Squeak, Squeak train, Squeak-Bark, and Trumpet-Roar), and the Blow. Given the consistency of classifications results for calls from geographically and socially disparate subject groups, it seems possible that automated call detection algorithms could be developed for acoustic monitoring of Asian elephants.
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Monticelli, Patrícia Ferreira. "Comportamento e comunicação acústica em cobaias e em preás." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-24052006-134117/.
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Este é um estudo comparativo do comportamento e da comunicação acústica de cobaias Cavia porcellus - e de preás C. aperea - duas espécies muito próximas, uma com uma história recente de domesticação (há 6.000 anos nos Andes) e a outra selvagem. Inclui três etapas: (1) a elaboração de um etograma e a comparação entre cobaias e preás quanto à freqüência e duração dos comportamentos exibidos em contextos sociais particulares (encontros entre fêmeas, entre machos e entre macho e fêmea); (2) a categorização e análise sonográfica comparativa da estrutura dos sinais sonoros; e (3) a comparação entre espécies quanto ao uso dos chamados através de um estudo do comportamento do emissor e de um receptor, no momento anterior e subseqüente à emissão. Encontramos diferenças entre as espécies nas três etapas. (1) Cobaias exibiram mais comportamentos de contatos e sexuais; preás exibiram mais comportamentos de exploração. (2) Das emissões registradas, uma não foi exibida por cobaias. Analisamos 4 delas estatisticamente e todas revelaram diferenças estruturais entre espécies. (3) Houve diferença no uso do sinal de alerta e no nível de resposta eliciado por alguns sinais. Os resultados são discutidos principalmente como efeitos da domesticação. A seleção de animais maiores pode ter alterado a morfologia do trato vocal das cobaias, produzindo as mudanças na estrutura dos chamados. Ainda, com o relaxamento de seleção natural, por conta da proteção oferecida pelo cativeiro, características menos favoráveis podem ter sido mantidas e ganhado proporção na população. Como resultado, a espécie domesticada produz e reage menos aos sinais de alerta, gasta menos tempo com comportamentos de atenção ao meio e ganha tempo para os comportamentos socais e reprodutivos.This is a comparative study of behavior and acoustic communication of wild (Cavia aperea) and domestic (C. porcellus) cavies. Animals were observed in the laboratory in three social situations (female-female, male-male and female-male pairings) and the following steps were performed: (1) comparison of the frequency and duration of behaviors, in both species; (2) description and comparison of the sonografic parameters of acoustic signals emitted by individuals of both species; and (3) identification of antecedent and subsequent behavioral contexts of such signals as an approach to the understanding of their social function. C. porcellus exhibited more contact and sexual categories of behaviors than C. aperea; C. aperea explored more than C. porcellus. Signal repertoire was almost the same (one, out of 7 calls was exclusively emitted by C. aperea). Statistical analysis revealed significant structural differences between species in four of the calls. Differences were also found in the context of use of alert vocalization and in the level of response elicited by some signals. Interspecific differences found may be partially attributed to domestication. Selection for meet production may have altered guinea pigs vocal tract and may have brought changes in acoustic signals structure. The absence of predatory pressure and the less demanding conditions of captivity may have favored the expression of some traits, such as the performance of long courtship bouts. The domestic cavies C. porcellus are less prone than the wild ones to emit and to respond to alert signals, spend less time with exploratory and patrolling and spend more time with social and reproductive interactions.
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Linder, Kari K. B. "For Fox Sake: Animal Roles and Interspecies Empathy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1396.
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We classify animals into a few distinct groups: companion animals (pets and strays like dogs and cats), utility animals (animals that serve a purpose like cows farmed for dairy or meat or foxes farmed for fur), and wild animals (nondomestic animals in their natural habitat). This study will investigate empathic relationships between people and animals of these four types in two abuse scenarios (active abuse and neglect). These factors were manipulated in a 2x4 experimental design. I expect a closer relationship with humans will correlate with a higher degree of empathy for the victim such that homed companion animals will generate the most empathy, followed by stray, utility, and finally wild. Results supported this hypothesis to an extent. This research is intended to bridge gaps between empathy towards humans and empathy towards other animals. If we can manipulate the degree to which people tend to relate to animals by varying our descriptions of these animals, we can also manipulate people’s desire to protect them.
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Criswell, Joni M. "Multimodal Communication in the Panamanian Golden Frog (Atelopus zeteki)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228224476.
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Freeman, Carrie Packwood. "Struggling for Ideological Integrity in the Social Movement Framing Process: How U.S. Animal Rights Organizations Frame Values and Ethical Ideology in Food Advocacy Communication." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8281.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 384-398). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Tjernagel, Adam. "Role and perceptions about communication: the case of new product development in the animal health industry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38423.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent Amanor-Boadu
The development of vaccines and similar pharmaceutical products in the animal health industry are expensive and follow very specific pathways to comply with regulatory requirements for product licensure and registration. The vaccine development process is complex and involves numerous individuals, assets and departments within and outside the organization, and is a long process. The study stage of this long and complex process allows a company to confirm particular solutions to particular health incidents can be efficacious. The study stage involves executives who decide on new products that may be developed, managers who oversee the development of the products and scientists who develop protocols to undertake animal studies to test various aspects of the new product. It also involves clinical study personnel and laboratory personnel who conduct the experiments and collect data for analyses about the new products being studied. The number of people and time sensitivity of the processes contribute to the complexity, making effective communication critical to getting new products developed on time and on budget. The objective of this research is to identify perceived gaps in communication among people in the different roles with the view to finding solutions to address these gaps. Data were collected using an industry-focused online survey instrument. The instrument was designed to have both closed and open-ended questions. Survey participants were purposefully selected from across the global animal health industry, focusing on those directly involved in the study stage of new product development. The results showed the majority of respondents were satisfied with their company’s processes and systems for study development, initiation and execution, but people resources were viewed as the highest contributor to bottlenecks, which could demonstrate gaps in the communication links between groups. However, perceptions about challenges and gaps in communication seem to be influenced by who is providing information and who is receiving it. The different roles perceived the effect of timeliness, accuracy and clarity of communication on product development costs differently, with scientists presenting the highest cost of communication challenges and executives the lowest. On average, the perception was that these communication challenges increased the cost at the study stage of new product development by about 84% for biologicals and over 100% for pharmaceuticals.
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Harrison, James S. "Behavior and communication in the short bare-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50025.
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Behavior and communication modes were studied in captive Monodelphis domestica, a small solitary, nocturnal, omnivorous marsupial in the family Didelphidae. The social biology was examined to evaluate the importance of visual, olfactory, auditory, and tactile communication. Social contexts were compared in 124 encounters of 30 min each. An ethogram was developed containing 74 behaviors which sorted into 9 major behavioral categories: grooming and resting, exploration, attention, scent marking, vocalizations, social contact, aggression, retreat, and sexual.
Solitary Monodelphis explored, groomed, and scent marked. Familiar male-female pairs displayed less aggression than unfamiliar male-female pairs. Non-estrous females aggressively repelled males and exhibited much dominance related behavior, but male-male pairs were the most agonistic. Seven scent marking modes were identified which functioned to communicate individual identity and sexual advertisement. Males could distinguish sex and estrous condition of conspecific urine donors by olfaction. Dig perineal dragging, lateral side rubbing, and hip rubbing were unique to Monodelphis. Tongue protrusion was observed and may be related to vomeronasal organ function. Four principal agonistic vocalizations were used while one, clicking, was observed only in male sexual behavior and submissive contexts by both sexes. A chittering vocalization is described. Social contact behaviors included approaches and directed sniffs. Males sniffed female cloacal regions who in turn sniffed the ma1es’ sides and abdomens. Dominance-subordinance relationships were characterized.
Behavior of close relatives Didelphis and Marmosa was similar, but some behaviors were unique to Monodelphis.Master of Science
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Tripovich, Joy Sophie. "Acoustic communication in Australian fur seals." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1690.
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Communication is a fundamental process that allows animals to effectively transfer information between groups or individuals. Recognition plays an essential role in permitting animals to distinguish individuals based upon both communicatory and non-communicatory signals allowing animals to direct suitable behaviours towards them. Several modes of recognition exist and in colonial breeding animals which congregate in large numbers, acoustic signalling is thought to be the most effective as it suffers less from environmental degradation. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) are generally colonial breeding species which congregate at high densities on offshore islands. In contrast to the other Arctocephaline species, the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, along with its conspecific, the Cape fur seal, A. p. pusillus, display many of the behavioural traits of sea lions. This may have important consequences in terms of its social structure and evolution. The acoustic communication of Australian fur seals was studied on Kanowna Island, Bass Strait, Australia. Analysing the acoustic structure of vocalisations and their use facilitates our understanding of the social function of calls in animal communication. The vocal repertoires of males, females, pups and yearlings were characterised and their behavioural context examined. Call structural variations in males were evident with changes in behavioural context, indicating parallel changes in the emotive state of sender. For a call to be used in vocal recognition it must display stereotypy within callers and variation between them. In Australian fur seal females and pups, individuals were found to have unique calls. Mutual mother-pup recognition has been suggested for otariids and this study supports the potential for this process to occur through the use of vocalisations. Call structural changes in pup vocalisations were also investigated over the progression of the year, from birth to weaning. Vocalisations produced by pups increased in duration, lowered in both the number of parts per call and the harmonic band containing the maximum frequency as they became older, suggesting calls are changing constantly as pups grow toward maturity. It has been suggested through descriptive reports, that the bark call produced by males is important to vocal recognition. The present study quantified this through the analysis of vocalisations produced by male Australian fur seals. Results support descriptive evidence suggesting that male barks can be used to discriminate callers. Traditional playback studies further confirmed that territorial male Australian fur seals respond significantly more to the calls of strangers than to those of neighbours, supporting male vocal recognition. This study modified call features of the bark to determine the importance to vocal recognition. The results indicate that the whole frequency spectrum was important to recognition. There was also an increase in response from males when they heard more bark units, indicating the importance of repetition by a caller. Recognition occurred when males heard between 25-75% of each bark unit, indicating that the whole duration of each bark unit is not necessary for recognition to occur. This may have particular advantages for communication in acoustically complex breeding environments, where parts of calls may be degraded by the environment. The present study examined the life history characteristics of otariids to determine the factors likely to influence and shape its vocal behaviour. Preliminary results indicate that female density, body size and the breeding environment all influence the vocal behaviour of otariids, while duration of lactation and the degree of polygyny do not appear to be influential. Understanding these interactions may help elucidate how vocal recognition and communication have evolved in different pinniped species.
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Tripovich, Joy Sophie. "Acoustic communication in Australian fur seals." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1690.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Communication is a fundamental process that allows animals to effectively transfer information between groups or individuals. Recognition plays an essential role in permitting animals to distinguish individuals based upon both communicatory and non-communicatory signals allowing animals to direct suitable behaviours towards them. Several modes of recognition exist and in colonial breeding animals which congregate in large numbers, acoustic signalling is thought to be the most effective as it suffers less from environmental degradation. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) are generally colonial breeding species which congregate at high densities on offshore islands. In contrast to the other Arctocephaline species, the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, along with its conspecific, the Cape fur seal, A. p. pusillus, display many of the behavioural traits of sea lions. This may have important consequences in terms of its social structure and evolution. The acoustic communication of Australian fur seals was studied on Kanowna Island, Bass Strait, Australia. Analysing the acoustic structure of vocalisations and their use facilitates our understanding of the social function of calls in animal communication. The vocal repertoires of males, females, pups and yearlings were characterised and their behavioural context examined. Call structural variations in males were evident with changes in behavioural context, indicating parallel changes in the emotive state of sender. For a call to be used in vocal recognition it must display stereotypy within callers and variation between them. In Australian fur seal females and pups, individuals were found to have unique calls. Mutual mother-pup recognition has been suggested for otariids and this study supports the potential for this process to occur through the use of vocalisations. Call structural changes in pup vocalisations were also investigated over the progression of the year, from birth to weaning. Vocalisations produced by pups increased in duration, lowered in both the number of parts per call and the harmonic band containing the maximum frequency as they became older, suggesting calls are changing constantly as pups grow toward maturity. It has been suggested through descriptive reports, that the bark call produced by males is important to vocal recognition. The present study quantified this through the analysis of vocalisations produced by male Australian fur seals. Results support descriptive evidence suggesting that male barks can be used to discriminate callers. Traditional playback studies further confirmed that territorial male Australian fur seals respond significantly more to the calls of strangers than to those of neighbours, supporting male vocal recognition. This study modified call features of the bark to determine the importance to vocal recognition. The results indicate that the whole frequency spectrum was important to recognition. There was also an increase in response from males when they heard more bark units, indicating the importance of repetition by a caller. Recognition occurred when males heard between 25-75% of each bark unit, indicating that the whole duration of each bark unit is not necessary for recognition to occur. This may have particular advantages for communication in acoustically complex breeding environments, where parts of calls may be degraded by the environment. The present study examined the life history characteristics of otariids to determine the factors likely to influence and shape its vocal behaviour. Preliminary results indicate that female density, body size and the breeding environment all influence the vocal behaviour of otariids, while duration of lactation and the degree of polygyny do not appear to be influential. Understanding these interactions may help elucidate how vocal recognition and communication have evolved in different pinniped species.
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Mondémé, Chloé. "Formes d'interactions sociales entre hommes et chiens. Une approche praxéologique des relations interspécifiques." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0827.
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Ce travail de thèse se présente comme une enquête sur les modalités de l’agir-ensemble interspécifique. L’idée qui a présidé à sa mise en œuvre repose sur la volonté d’élargir les questionnements classiques en sociologie de l’action (comment décrire le vivre-ensemble, quelle forme prend l’ordre social) et en linguistique (comment communique-t-on intelligiblement) à un objet sortant de leurs préoccupations traditionnelles : les interactions sociales entre hommes et chiens. Pour cela, nous analysons des données recueillies lors d’interactions ordinaires et quotidiennes entre chiots en éducation et éducateurs canins, ou entre chiens-guides d’aveugles et personnes non-voyantes.Il s’agit d’un travail empirique de recherche sur les ressources utilisées par hommes et chiens pour agir ensemble et communiquer. Pour cela, nous montrons que les actions communes dans lesquelles ils s’engagent sont réalisées de manière ordonnée, et sont séquentiellement organisées – de sorte qu’elles sont descriptibles avec une certaine systématicité. Cette systématicité, qui exhibe le caractère ordonné des interactions, est traitée comme l’indice d’une forme de socialité qui s’incarne dans l’ajustement mutuel. De ce point de vue, cette thèse se présente également comme un travail théorique sur les formes de la socialité interspécifique. De manière incidente, elle se veut en outre le lieu d’une réflexion épistémologique sur la prise en charge par les sciences humaines et la linguistique d’un objet par tradition réservé aux sciences dites naturelles« Non human » is an analytical category that has now entered the realm of sociology. The fact that domestic animals might be agents, and relevant interactants has been evoked and investigated in the most recent literature. The originality of our study does not lie in these arguments. It takes them for granted, and analyzes with systematicity some of the resources used by dogs and their human co-interactants (be they educators or visually impaired persons) to communicate with intelligibility, and make each other’s actions mutually accountable. The study is structured by a leading question: what kind of sociality is at stake between dogs and humans ?The dissertation is divided into two introductory theoretical chapters, and three analytical parts. The first chapter establishes the state of the art, as far as human/animal interaction is concerned. After briefly commenting on the Animal Studies and its opposition to the so-called cartesian position, it ends by introducing the ethnomethodological program as a relevant approach to shed a new light on my object. The second chapter offers an epistemological reflection on the analytical ‘naturalist’ framework worth adopting in order to investigate dog-human sociality. It gives an occasion to discuss the transcription format usually used in CA as an adequate frame to shed light on the sequentiality of actions, as well as on conditional relevance. The three next chapters are grounded on these reflections and are more strictly empirical and analytical. Chapter 3 describes the resources used by dogs and humans to interact with intelligibility and to share perceptive knowledge. It analyzes procedures of shared attention, and mutual orientation (for instance, by mutually orienting toward a relevant object for the ongoing action). Chapter 4 goes further into the analysis of participants’ procedural competencies, and observes the systematicity of sequential formats. Chapter 5 is grounded on these analyses and addresses a “topos” as far as human-animal interaction is concerned: issues of cognition. Drawing on the EM program, it proposes a praxeological approach to cognition that does not focus on dog’s capacities or skills but on the way ordinary practices of practical reasoning are accomplished.The PhD dissertation offers an empirical work on human-animal modalities of living and acting together. It aims at showing that mutual actions participants engage in are orderly accomplished and sequentially organized – and therefore descriptible with systematicity.This systematicity, by exhibiting the orderly character of interactions, is treated as a cue of a form of sociality, embodied in mutual adjustment. In this regard, this thesis offers also some theoretical thoughts on forms of interspecific sociality.At the same time, and more incidentally, it develops epistemological considerations about the reflexive relationships between social sciences, linguistics, and natural sciences in the treatment of this “hybrid” objet
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Fullerton, Darrin. "Temporal patterns of vocalizations in young rodents." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326449.
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Theis, Kevin Robert. "Scent marking in a highly social mammalian species, the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (PH.D.)--Michigan State University. Zoology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-178). Also issued in print.
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Simon, Jodie L. "Male-Female Communication in the Crayfish Orconectes Rusticus: The Use of Urinary Signals in Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Pairings." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1148415041.
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Caro, Domingo. "Investigation and evaluation of communication on transboundary animal diseases in selected countries in the Greater Mekong subregion." Thesis, Caro, Domingo (2013) Investigation and evaluation of communication on transboundary animal diseases in selected countries in the Greater Mekong subregion. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/15869/.
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Communication has long been used in animal health; however, the emergence of zoonotic diseases such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has increased recognition of its value in assisting control of transboundary animal diseases (TADs). A number of studies have confirmed that there are gaps in communicating animal health issues, especially in Southeast Asia. This thesis aims to investigate and evaluate communication about TADs in selected Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), specifically in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam.
The study is divided into phases and involves scholarly research, fieldwork, and analysis and evaluation. It uses quantitative and qualitative approaches in the investigation. Particularly the literature was reviewed; a survey, interviews, focus group discussions and transect walks were conducted in the investigation and evaluation. The first phase (literature review and knowledge, attitudes and practices survey) aims to provide a background to the study. The second phase comprises exploratory fieldwork, which aims to test the qualitative tools. The third phase aims to evaluate animal health communication campaigns for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and HPAI, as well as the communication roles of village animal health workers (VAHWs).
The study shows that there are varying levels of awareness and knowledge of managing TADs such as FMD and HPAI among stakeholders. It finds that a number of factors affect animal health communication including motivation among study participants (such as farmers, traders, VAHWs and animal health officers); the nature of the disease; government/external funding; and communication strategies.
There is no template for successfully communicating in the area of animal health. However, the thesis argues that developing animal health communicative approaches, strategies and practices based on the perceptions and attitudes of grassroots stakeholders framed by an informed and continually updated contextualised understanding of their animal husbandry practices in selected GMS countries would assist in devising targeted and effective communication strategies in the region or in individual countries.