Journal articles: 'Animal breeding'

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Wilkins, J. V. "Animal breeding." Livestock Production Science 45, no. 2-3 (May 1996): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(96)88222-4.

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Flint, A. P. F., and J. A. Woolliams. "Precision animal breeding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 26, 2007): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2171.

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We accept that we are responsible for the quality of life of animals in our care. We accept that the activities of man affect all the living things with which we share this planet. But we are slow to realize that as a result we have a duty of care for all living things. That duty extends to the breeding of animals for which we are responsible. When animals are bred by man for a purpose, the aim should be to meet certain goals: to improve the precision with which breeding outcomes can be predicted; to avoid the introduction and advance of characteristics deleterious to well-being; and to manage genetic resources and diversity between and within populations as set out in the Convention on Biological Diversity. These goals are summed up in the phrase precision animal breeding. They should apply whether animals are bred as sources of usable products or services for medical or scientific research, for aesthetic or cultural considerations, or as pets. Modern molecular and quantitative genetics and advances in reproductive physiology provide the tools with which these goals can be met.

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Reynolds, John D. "Animal breeding systems." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, no. 2 (February 1996): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)81045-7.

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Sonstegard, T. S., S. C. Fahrenkrug, and D. Carlson. "307 Precision animal breeding to make genetically castrated animals for improved animal welfare and alternative breeding applications." Journal of Animal Science 95, suppl_2 (March 1, 2017): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/asasmw.2017.307.

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NSAP, NJAP. "Animal Breeding and Physiology." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v1i1.2573.

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HIROOKA, Hiroyuki. "Animal breeding and bioethics." Journal of Animal Genetics 41, no. 2 (2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5924/abgri.41.101.

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Mäki-Tanila, Asko. "Animal breeding further ameliorated." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 124, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00635.x.

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Simm, G., and N. R. Wray. "Electronics in animal breeding." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018882.

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Two of the major steps in animal breeding programmes are (i) estimation of breeding values for a defined selection objective (such as milk production or carcass lean content), and (ii) design of optimum breeding programmes, including proportion of animals selected as parents, population size etc. Advances in electronics, and particularly in computer technology, have had a major Impact on these procedures in a number of ways. In this paper we aim to highlight four of these.The preferred method of estimating breeding values is universally recognised to be BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). BLUP is superior to classical procedures, such as contemporary comparison, for several reasons. The most important is that it is more accurate in separating differences between animals which are attributable to genetic rather than environmental factors. BLUP was first proposed by Henderson in 1949 but the first BLUP evaluation was not implemented until 1970 (Henderson, 1987). This delay is almost entirely attributable to inadequate computing facilities and technology at that time, since a BLUP evaluation system requires a large number of equations to be stored and solved.

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Farstad, Wenche. "Ethics in animal breeding." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 53 (November 2018): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.13335.

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Fowler, M. E., J. Maciejowski, and J. Zieba. "Genetics and Animal Breeding." Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 16, no. 1 (1985): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20094735.

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Gianola, Daniel. "Statistics in Animal Breeding." Journal of the American Statistical Association 95, no. 449 (March 2000): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2000.10473927.

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Nicholas, Frank W. "Animal breeding and disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1459 (July 7, 2005): 1529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1674.

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Single-locus disorders in domesticated animals were among the first Mendelian traits to be documented after the rediscovery of Mendelism, and to be included in early linkage maps. The use of linkage maps and (increasingly) comparative genomics has been central to the identification of the causative gene for single-locus disorders of considerable practical importance. The ‘score-card’ in domestic animals is now more than 100 disorders for which the molecular lesion has been identified and hence for which a DNA test is available. Because of the limited lifespan of any such test, a cost-effective and hence popular means of protecting the intellectual property inherent in a DNA test is not to publish the discovery. While understandable, this practice creates a disconcerting precedent. For multifactorial disorders that are scored on an all-or-none basis or into many classes, the effectiveness of control schemes could be greatly enhanced by selection on estimated breeding values for liability. Genetic variation for resistance to pathogens and parasites is ubiquitous. Selection for resistance can therefore be successful. Because of the technical and welfare challenges inherent in the requirement to expose animals to pathogens or parasites in order to be able to select for resistance, there is a very active search for DNA markers for resistance. The first practical fruits of this research were seen in 2002, with the launch of a national scrapie control programme in the UK.

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Krupová, Zuzana, Emil Krupa, Ludmila Zavadilová, Eva Kašná, and Eliska Žáková. "Current challenges for trait economic values in animal breeding." Czech Journal of Animal Science 65, No. 12 (December 21, 2020): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/161/2020-cjas.

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Modern selection approaches are expected to bring about the cumulative and permanent improvement of animal performance and profitability of animal production. Breeding values of traits along with trait economic values (EVs) are utilised for economic selection purposes with many species all over the world. Currently, some challenges related to trait EVs in animal breeding should be considered. First, the selection response based on the higher accuracy of genomic selection may be reduced due to improper weighting of the trait breeding values of selection candidates. A comprehensive approach applied in bioeconomic models allows suitable trait EV calculations. Further challenges comprise the new breeding objectives associated with climate change, environmental mitigation and animal adaptability. The estimation of EVs for traits influencing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been mostly based on including the value of CO2 emission equivalent in the trait EVs, on calculating EVs for feed efficiency traits and on methane yield as a direct trait of GHG emission. Genetic improvement of production, functional, feed efficiency and methane traits through the application of multi-trait selection indices was found to be crucial for mitigation of emissions and farm profitability. Defining the non-market values of traits connected with climate protection could be a useful solution for including these traits in an economic breeding objective. While GHG emissions mostly change the costs per unit of production, animal adaptability in its complexity influences animal performance. Clear definitions of disease, fertility, mortality and other breeding objective traits allow the proper calculation of trait EVs, and an accurate estimation of trait genetic parameters could lead to sufficient economic selection response. This complex approach could be beneficial for more effective utilisation of inputs and overall economic and environmental sustainability of animal production.

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van Arendonk, J. A. M., and A. E. Liinamo. "Animal breeding and genomics: Perspectives for dog breeding." Veterinary Journal 170, no. 1 (July 2005): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.05.006.

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SK, Bora. "Applications of Genomic Selection in Animal Breeding; Challenges and Opportunities." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (April 4, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000263.

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The world's population demand and animal output are significantly out of balance. Although traditional breeding techniques have been successful in selecting animal populations for a variety of traits with economic significance, the reliability of breeding value has always been in doubt. According to simulation and experiment data, genomic selection for young animals without own performance can predict breeding values with good accuracy. Genetic markers that cover the entire genome are employed in genomic selection, a sort of marker-assisted selection, to ensure that all loci for quantitative traits are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. Early animal selection enables the development of innovative breeding techniques that increase genetic advancement while decreasing costs. The future of animal breeding companies lies in genomic selection, which increases genetic gain by reducing genetic interval and enhancing reliability. To regulate long-term genetic gain and increase the precision of genomic estimated value, more study is needed. An overview of the developments in genomic selection and its use in animal breeding was the goal of this paper.

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Paliy, A. P., A. M. Mashkey, N. V. Sumakova, V. V. Gontar, and A. P. Paliy. "Application of insecticides in industrial animal breeding." Veterinary Medicine: inter-departmental subject scientific collection, no. 105 (August 7, 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/vm-2019-105-21.

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Entomoses of farm animals are widespread in the territory of Ukraine and cause significant economic losses to animal husbandry. It is established that the sick animals have reduced milk, meat and wool productivity, breeding qualities; weakened young animals, which are easily exposed to various diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology, are born. Among all modern methods and means for artificial reduction of the number of insects, the most effective is the chemical method. To protect animals from midges the most cost-effective is the spraying of animals with insecticides and repellents. The analysis of the presented literature data allows us to say that sufficiently large range of effective preparations of both domestic and foreign production is presented on the market of disinsection agents. However, it has been reported that resistance to insects has formed for most of them, some of the products are highly toxic to warm-blooded animals, and also they are quite expensive and their use is economically unjustified. Great scientific and practical importance has the development of modern methods of combating the causative agents of farm animal entomoses based on strict regulations for treatment-and-prophylactic means, which make it possible to reduce the number of parasites to an economically intangible level, prevent environmental pollution by pesticides, and obtain safe animal products of high sanitary quality. The insecticide market has a fairly large range of efficient products, both domestic and foreign, but most of them do not meet modern challenges and advanced livestock technologies. At the present stage of the disinfectology development, the search for new compositions of chemical compounds for disinsection in animal husbandry to combat harmful insects is promising

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Board, Editorial. "IN MEMORY OF LEONID VYSHNEVSKYI." Animal Breeding and Genetics 58 (November 29, 2019): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.58.19.

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On May 21, 2019, at the age of 59, a well-known scientist and statesman, head of the department of animal genetic resources of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Animal Genetics of Zubets NAAS, Director of State Enterprise "Main Scientific Production Breeding and Information Center in Animal Production of the Institute of Breeding and Genetics of Animals of NAAS" Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Leonid Vyshnevsky died. We have lost an outstanding person who has worked hard throughout his life to improve the breeding stock that meets current European requirements. Leonid Vyshnevskyi was born on May 1, 1960 in the village Listvyn of Ovruch district , Zhytomyr region in family of employees. After graduating with honors in 1982 from the Zootechnical Faculty of the Zhytomyr Agricultural Institute, he worked for some time as the chief zootechnician in the state farms of the Zhytomyr region. Since 1984 - Junior Research Fellow at the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Non-Black Zone of the USSR. Since September 1985 - postgraduate student of the Department of Breeding of Animals of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy. After graduation from 1993 to 1998 he worked as a chief specialist of the department of breeding and breeding work of the association of state breeding factories of Ukraine "Ukrderzhplemzavody", carrying out work on the organization of breeding accounting in the farms and introduction of an automated system of management of the breeding process in dairy cattle breeding. From 1999 to 2000, Leonid Vyshnevskyi, being the chief specialist of the department of the Main State Breeding Inspection, was engaged in the formation of the basics of the legal framework on breeding work in animal husbandry and the organization of assessment of breeding animals. From 2000 to 2003 - Deputy Director General of the State Scientific Production Production Selection, and from September 2003 to August 2006 - First Deputy Director of the State Agency for the Identification and Registration of Animals. At this time, with his direct involvement, that a unified state system for the identification and registration of farm animals was introduced at the national level. His responsibilities for being General Director of the Selection concern included the organization of a breeding system in animal husbandry (attestation of the subjects of breeding business in animal husbandry, creation and maintenance of the State Breeding Register, preparation of normative-legal acts on conducting breeding records and evaluation breeding value of different species of farm animals). In 2008, Leonid Vyshnevskyi defended his PhD thesis on "Selection and genetic methods of Myrhorod pigs breed improvent productivity and crossbreeding use" in the specialty 06.02.01 - breeding and selection animals. The scientist carried out the results of his research, being first as a scientific scientist, then as a senior researcher, and since September 2010 - head of the laboratory of the beef breed gene pool of the Institute of Breeding and Animal Genetics of NAAS. Due to the creation of the Department of Animal Genetic Resources and Information Systems, whose work was closely linked to the previous activities of Leonid Vasilyevich, he was transferred to the post of Head of Department since June 2011. Researches of the scientist have established the possibility of using modern methods of DNA-typing of animals for optimization of the breeding process in animal husbandry. Leonid Vyshnevskyi scientific achievements include a patent for the utility model "Application of ISSR-typing method for optimization of breeding process in small breeds of pigs as a means of individual selection for increasing productivity and preserving the genetic diversity of animals of endangered populations". While working at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, he actively participated in the development of methodological bases for biodiversity conservation in animal husbandry in Ukraine and the introduction of centralized automated breeding records at the state level. The Leonid Vyshnevskyi life is an example of a worthy, responsible leader who was able to organize and rally around the best specialists of the industry. He was able to inspire his energy, find the right word, give the right direction to make the necessary changes.Leonid Vyshnevskyi will forever remain in our grateful memory and our hearts. Light memory, eternal memory….

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Yinggang Xie, Yinggang Xie, Yangpeng Xiao Yinggang Xie, Xuewei Peng Yangpeng Xiao, and Qijia Liu Xuewei Peng. "Animal Vocal Recognition-Based Breeding Tracking and Disease Warning." 電腦學刊 34, no. 4 (August 2023): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992023083404011.

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In this study, we investigate the application of a deep learning framework for the recognition of pig vocalizations. This innovative approach aims to actively monitor and evaluate the diverse states of pigs, with an overarching objective to improve the efficiency of pig farming through prompt identification and resolution of issues. In our comprehensive data collection effort, we carefully gathered a vast assortment of vocal samples from 50 pigs, representative of four distinct states: normal, frightened, coughing, and sneezing. We then meticulously analyzed this vocal data using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). For accurate recognition of pig vocalizations, we devised a fusion model that combines the strengths of Residual Networks (ResNet) and Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM). This model was subsequently tailored, trained, and optimized to meet our specific requirements. Upon rigorous evaluation, we found our model to exhibit exceptional performance in pig vocal recognition tasks, thereby reinforcing the potential of deep learning methodologies in revolutionizing the livestock industry. This research notably underscores the potential of deploying efficient real-time health monitoring systems, offering a promising avenue towards modernizing livestock management practices.

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Rodenburg, TB, P. Bijma, ED Ellen, R. Bergsma, S. de Vries, JE Bolhuis, B. Kemp, and JAM van Arendonk. "Breeding amiable animals? Improving farm animal welfare by including social effects in breeding programmes." Animal Welfare 19, S1 (May 2010): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002268.

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AbstractSocial interactions between individuals, such as co-operation and competition, are key factors in evolution by natural selection. As a consequence, evolutionary biologists have developed extensive theories to understand the consequences of social interactions for response to natural selection. Current genetic improvement programmes in animal husbandry, in contrast, largely ignore the implications of social interactions for the design of breeding programmes. Recently, we have developed theoretical and empirical tools to quantify the magnitude of heritable social effects, ie the heritable effects that animals have on their group mates’ traits, in livestock populations, and to utilise those effects in genetic improvement programmes. Results in commercial populations of pigs and laying hens indicate large heritable social effects, and the potential to substantially increase responses to selection in traits affected by social interactions. In pigs, including social effects into the breeding programme affected aggressive behaviour, both at mixing and in stable groups, indicating changes in the way dominance relationships are established and in aggressiveness. In laying hens, we applied selection between kin-groups to reduce mortality due to cannibalistic pecking. This resulted in a considerable difference in mortality between the low mortality line and the unselected control line in the first generation (20 vs 30%). Furthermore, changes in behavioural and neurobiological responses to stress were detected in the low mortality line, pointing to reduced fearfulness and stress sensitivity. These first results indicate that including social effects into breeding programmes is a promising way to reduce negative social interactions in farm animals, and possibly to also increase positive social interactions, by breeding animals with better social skills.

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Rew, Jehyeok, Sungwoo Park, Yongjang Cho, Seungwon Jung, and Eenjun Hwang. "Animal Movement Prediction Based on Predictive Recurrent Neural Network." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204411.

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Observing animal movements enables us to understand animal behavior changes, such as migration, interaction, foraging, and nesting. Based on spatiotemporal changes in weather and season, animals instinctively change their position for foraging, nesting, or breeding. It is known that moving patterns are closely related to their traits. Analyzing and predicting animals’ movement patterns according to spatiotemporal change offers an opportunity to understand their unique traits and acquire ecological insights into animals. Hence, in this paper, we propose an animal movement prediction scheme using a predictive recurrent neural network architecture. To do that, we first collect and investigate geo records of animals and conduct pattern refinement by using random forest interpolation. Then, we generate animal movement patterns using the kernel density estimation and build a predictive recurrent neural network model to consider the spatiotemporal changes. In the experiment, we perform various predictions using 14 K long-billed curlew locations that contain their five-year movements of the breeding, non-breeding, pre-breeding, and post-breeding seasons. The experimental results confirm that our predictive model based on recurrent neural networks can be effectively used to predict animal movement.

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Cadar, Mirela Emilia, Anamaria Vâtcă, Ilie Cornoiu, Ancuța Rotaru, and Ionel Toader. "Students Involved in Animal Breeding." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12394.

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In last decade, Romanian agriculture does not follow entirely the European and programs as concerns land exploitation and animal farming (SAPARD). Restrictive development projects (POS-MEDIU, POS-DRU, POS-CCE) were active only in large private farms, which represent only 10.7% of the total registered farms in Romania. Was used a questionnaire for 36 students of our faculty, which have animal farms in 7 counties in Northwest of Transylvania. The study want to put into evidence the current problems of farmers in conditions of some private farms with small and middle number of animals. As small farms, they do not obtain important productions because of financial resource absence, limited professional education and absence of association in bigger exploitation farms. In these situations, the government must react providing a legal frame for rural agricultural development, supporting and supervising these small exploitations.

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Carter, E. "Government Response to the FAWC Report on the Welfare Implications of Animal Breeding and Breeding Technologies in Commercial Agriculture." Animal Welfare 16, no. 4 (November 2007): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600027494.

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The Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) is an independent advisory body tasked with reviewing the welfare of UK farm animals and informing the Government on any legislative or other changes that may be necessary. In 2004 FAWC published a 43 page report on welfare implications relating to animal breeding and animal breeding technologies. FAWC believes that breeding practices have the potential to both positively and negatively affect farm animal welfare and that it is an area requiring consideration of both the needs of animals, to ensure their good welfare, and the needs of producers, to remain viable in a highly competitive and global market.

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Pak, Maria N., Revoriy V. Ivanov, and I. Alferov. "Prospects for organic horse breeding in Yakutia." BIO Web of Conferences 108 (2024): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410801022.

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The article discusses the prospects for the development of organic horse breeding in Yakutia. The potential of Yakutia in the development of organic animal husbandry is justified by the presence of a huge territory with a favorable environmental situation, the presence of vast areas remote from industrial centers that meet the concept of eco-products. It is noted that Yakut traditional animal husbandry, especially herd horse breeding, is suitable for organic animal husbandry, due to the fact that the requirements are ideally met. Organic animal husbandry requires keeping animals in the most environmentally friendly conditions, where there is no environmental pollution. in the natural way of life to which animals are adapted, where the traditional management system adheres, where animals are adapted to local conditions, emphasis should be placed on the use of organic feeds, which should be natural, nutritious and provide animals with normal physiology and metabolism, should not contain harmful substances, purebred animals without crossbreeds are welcome, that is, local breeds with high resistance to adverse maintenance factors. It is noted that the Yakut horse breeding, with a special technology of maintenance and feeding, provides environmentally friendly dietary, delicatessen products (foal, internal fat, blood, etc.), which has the prospect of being an export product.

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Abolfazl, Bahrami*, and Najafi Ali. "Synthetic Animal: Trends in Animal Breeding and Genetics." Insights in Biology and Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 007–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ibm.1001015.

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Shcherbak, O. V., and S. I. Kovtun. "Actual research on the problems of breeding, genetics and biotechnology in animal husbandry." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 19, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.19.1-2.1442.

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XIX All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference of Young Scientists and Postgraduate Students with International Participation "Actual research on the problems of breeding, genetics and biotechnology in animal husbandry", which was dedicated to the Day of Science in Ukraine, took place on June 30, 2021 at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M. V. Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine to discuss the research of young scientists and graduate students on breeding, genetics, biotechnology, reproduction and conservation of animal biodiversity.Keywords: breeding of farm animals, conservation of animal biodiversity, research in genetics and biotechnology of reproduction.

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Politiek, R. D. "Development of animal breeding research." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i3.16796.

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This article outlines the scope of research on the genetic improvement of farm livestock in the Netherlands, and briefly describes the main current projects in the breeding of beef and dairy cattle. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Skipper, Alison. "Animal breeding: health and welfare." BSAVA Companion 2020, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/20412495.0420.8.

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Muramatsu, Susumu. "Modern biotechnology in animal breeding." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 3, no. 5 (1998): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.3.5_49.

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NAGAMINE, Yoshitaka. "Genomic information and animal breeding." Journal of Animal Genetics 41, no. 1 (2013): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5924/abgri.41.15.

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Andersson, Leif. "Molecular consequences of animal breeding." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2013.02.014.

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Land, R. B., and I. Wilmut. "Gene transfer and animal breeding." Theriogenology 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(87)90076-8.

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Anderson, Robert D. "Population genetics in animal breeding." Animal Reproduction Science 8, no. 4 (June 1985): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(85)90054-5.

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林, 珂. "Advances in Animal Breeding Research." Bioprocess 13, no. 01 (2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/bp.2023.131007.

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Demircioglu, Hasan Batuhan. "Genomic Selection in Animal Breeding." BIO Web of Conferences 85 (2024): 01069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248501069.

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Genomic selection endeavors to determine the reproductive values and characteristics of offspring in a given population through the utilization of high-density genetic markers. In contemporary breeding methods, classical approaches involve extended labor-intensive processes. In contrast, genomic breeding methods expedite these processes while reducing labor and time requirements. Traditional breeding management often necessitates protracted procedures to enhance the efficiency of a trait. Genomic breeding methods are economically more efficient than classical breeding techniques. With advancing technology, the identification of parental lineages for future generations occurs more rapidly compared to classical breeding methods. Various methods are available for conducting genomic selection, with marker-assisted selection being one of them. In both approaches, the utilization of selection strategies in animal husbandry plays a crucial role in determining parental lines for future generations and achieving increased productivity. The objective of this study is to compare classical selection methods with genomic selection methods.

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Lee, Gwang-Hoon, KilSoo Kim, and Woori Jo. "Stress Evaluation of Mouse Husbandry Environments for Improving Laboratory Animal Welfare." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020249.

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Animal welfare is recognized as essential for the coexistence of humans and animals. Considering the increased demand and interest in animal welfare, many methods for improving animal welfare are being devised, but which method reduces animal stress has not been scientifically verified. Therefore, reducing animal stress by providing a proper breeding environment and environmental enrichment can be the basis for animal study. In this study, stress levels were assessed based on the mouse-breeding environment. We considered that the higher the body weight and the lower the corticosterone concentration, the lower the stress. According to the results, animals in the individual ventilation cages were determined to have lower serum cortisol concentrations, while the body weight of the animals was increased when in individual ventilation cages compared with individual isolated cages and when providing environmental enrichment compared with group breeding or not providing environmental enrichment. The results provide appropriate guidelines for improving laboratory animal welfare.

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Kyselová, Jitka, Ladislav Tichý, and Kateřina Jochová. "The role of molecular genetics in animal breeding: A minireview." Czech Journal of Animal Science 66, No. 4 (March 26, 2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/251/2020-cjas.

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Current animal breeding approaches are strongly associated with the development of sophisticated molecular genetics methods and techniques. Worldwide expansion of genomic selection can be achieved by the identification of genetic DNA markers and implementation of the microarray (“chip”) technology. Further advancement was associated with next-generation sequencing methods, high-throughput genotyping platforms, targeted genome editing techniques, and studies of epigenetic mechanisms. The remarkable development of “omics” technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, has enabled individual genomic prediction of animal performance, identification of disease-causing genes and biomarkers for the prevention and treatment and overall qualitative progress in animal production.

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Martyniuk, Elżbieta. "Policy Effects on the Sustainability of Animal Breeding." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147787.

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Sustainability in animal breeding can be understood as continuous availability of breeding animals and their germinal products for commercial production, that now and in the future, meet the requirements of a broad range of stakeholders: breeders, farmers, livestock keepers, producers, consumers and others, while respecting animal welfare and promoting more sustainable agriculture. Breeding goals are established to contribute to fulfilling various aspects of sustainability: quality, diversity, acceptability, environment and economics. Government policies and strategies have major impacts on animal breeding; they provide the basis for establishing the legal landscape for national priorities for livestock sector development and provide for institutional arrangements and control measures. Implementation of international agreements supports policy development for sustainability in animal breeding and production. The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources was prepared to directly contribute to sustainable management of livestock calling for improved characterization, monitoring, breeding and conservation. The Convention on Biological Diversity calls for the conservation of genetic diversity, including agricultural genetic resources. Animal breeding and strategies for livestock development require long-term policy perspectives, as poor decisions can have lasting detrimental effects. This paper is intended to highlight the importance of policy development in efforts to achieve sustainability in the livestock sector.

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Al-Dala'een, Jawad Atef. "The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Animal Breeding in Urban Households." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n1p36.

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The objective of this research is to investigate the socio-economic conditions of households who have animal production gardens. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire concentrated on collecting data about animal breeding patters, the extent of these animals in these gardens. The sample was distributed on six stratified layers each layer represent a pattern of household income except the sixth layers which represents household gardens suburban areas. The results showed that households concentrate on animal breeding in their gardens. The type of animal breeding depends on the location of layers and laws, which regulate this process. In suburban areas, all kinds of animal were allowed to breed in household gardens. The production attained of animal breeding was very considerable and can be considered as part of household income.

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van der Werf, Julius H. J. "Sustainable animal genetic improvement." E3S Web of Conferences 335 (2022): 00001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233500001.

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Well designed and targeted animal breeding programs allow a sustainable genetic improvement of livestock with increases in animal productivity of 1-2% per annum. Over time, massive improvements have been achieved, e.g. in dairy and pig and poultry production systems, now resulting in higher production that requires much fewer input of resources. Although reproductive and genomic technologies contribute nowadays to increases in rates of genetic improvement, the key to successful breeding programs lies in a strong focus on simple and well-defined breeding objectives, effective investment in trait measurement, a clear understanding of the structure of the breeding program, and efficient systems for genetic evaluation, selection and mating of elite animals. The dissemination of the genetics of selected animals to the wider population also needs consideration, requiring commercial farmers or smallholders to have the means to have access to improved genetics as well as an understanding of the value of using improved bulls. Definition of the breeding objectives as well as evaluation of genetic merit needs to be based on the local environment. Compared with other interventions to improve productivity and stability, genetic improvement is a critical and cost-effective approach as genetic gains are permanent and cumulative.

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D'Eath, RB, J. Conington, AB Lawrence, IAS Olsson, and P. Sand⊘e. "Breeding for behavioural change in farm animals: practical, economic and ethical considerations." Animal Welfare 19, S1 (May 2010): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002207.

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AbstractIn farm animal breeding, behavioural traits are rarely included in selection programmes despite their potential to improve animal production and welfare. Breeding goals have been broadened beyond production traits in most farm animal species to include health and functional traits, and opportunities exist to increase the inclusion of behaviour in breeding indices. On a technical level, breeding for behaviour presents a number of particular challenges compared to physical traits. It is much more difficult and time-consuming to directly measure behaviour in a consistent and reliable manner in order to evaluate the large numbers of animals necessary for a breeding programme. For this reason, the development and validation of proxy measures of key behavioural traits is often required. Despite these difficulties, behavioural traits have been introduced by certain breeders. For example, ease of handling is now included in some beef cattle breeding programmes. While breeding for behaviour is potentially beneficial, ethical concerns have been raised. Since animals are adapted to the environment rather than the other way around, there may be a loss of ‘naturalness’ and/or animal integrity. Some examples, such as breeding for good maternal behaviour, could enhance welfare, production and naturalness, although dilemmas emerge where improved welfare could result from breeding away from natural behaviour. Selection against certain behaviours may carry a risk of creating animals which are generally unreactive (‘zombies’), although such broad effects could be measured and controlled. Finally, breeding against behavioural measures of welfare could inadvertently result in resilient animals (‘stoics’) that do not show behavioural signs of low welfare yet may still be suffering. To prevent this, other measures of the underlying problem should be used, although cases where this is not possible remain troubling.

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Yeates, J. "Breeding for pleasure: the value of pleasure and pain in evolution and animal welfare." Animal Welfare 19, S1 (May 2010): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002219.

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AbstractFarming and laboratory industries face questions about whether to breed animals with altered capacities for pleasure and pain. This paper addresses this issue from different approaches to animal welfare based on experiences, fitness and naturalness. This can illuminate both the breeding-related issues and the different approaches themselves. These differences have practical implications for decisions about animal breeding. All three approaches will agree that pleasure that is adaptive in natural environments has positive value and that maladaptive pain has negative value. However, where animals’ environments will not be natural, experiences-based approaches may support breeding animals that experience more pleasure and less pain or insentient animals; whereas, in some cases, fitness-based and naturalness-based approaches might favour the breeding of animals that experience more pain and less pleasure.

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Padmavathi, R., P. Sethuraj, and P. S. Rathi priya. "Studies on Influence of Breeding Success and Genetic Diversity with in Honey Bee Species." Indian Journal of Genetics and Molecular Research 12, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijgmr.2319.4782.12123.3.

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The majority of selection of traits desires in animal breeding are strongly influenced by the environment. The reason for this was that the simultaneous consideration of individuals and siblings performance in the early days of animal breeding /genetic diversity was rather intuitive. As a result of weighting factors account so for degree of kinship between the animals and describes the percentage of shared genes, originating from shared ancestors, inter relationship poses serious challenges in properly estimating breeding values of honey bee.

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Mirhosseini, S. Z., M. Ghanipoor, and A. Shadparvar. "Breeding objectives for commercial silkworm lines in Iran." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010462.

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Animal breeding generally aims to obtain a new generation of animals that will produce desired products more efficiently under future farm economic and social circumstances than the present generation of animals (Groen, 2000). Definition of the breeding objective is generally regarded as the primary step in the development of structured breeding programmes (Ponzoni, 1988). Clearly defined breeding objectives are vital for effective genetic improvement of all livestock species. So, they stipulate the animal characteristics to be improved and the desired direction for genetic change. The breeding objective involves calculation of economic values for all biological traits that have an impact upon profitability. This study focuses on the derivation of a breeding objective based on a profit function for three commercial silkworm lines in Iran and effect of limitation in production system size on economic values.

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Klingel, Stefanie, Dirk Hinrichs, and Heiner Iversen. "Protecting breeding diversity." Impact 2019, no. 9 (December 20, 2019): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2019.9.27.

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Farming and agriculture are vital to our survival and we have domesticated around 35 species of animals, many of which are farmed for food. Cows, sheep, chickens, pigs, goats and horses have been some of the animals whose domestication has played a key role in advancing human civilisation through added food security and these have been selectively bred over thousands of years to develop a variety of breeds, each of which offer particular characteristics to suit certain needs or local conditions. However, globalisation and standardisation have led to the loss of many of these diverse breeds, with many farmers now raising hybrids to meet the demands of large multinational commercial entities. Stefanie Klingel, from Arche Warder, is the Project Coordinator for the Animal Genetic Resources group working within the Productivity and Sustainability in Agriculture framework for the European Innovation Partnership (EIP).

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Iskra, R., V. Vlislo, and R. Fedoruk. "Biological efficiency of citrates of microelements in animal breeding." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.03.028.

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To ensure normal functioning of the organism of animals, the maintenance of their vital functions, the growth and development of the young animals, their productive and reproductive capacities, it is necessary to ensure their full nutrition. Unbalanced mineral nutrition in the diet of the animals leads to the impairments of mineral metabolism in their body. One of the most promising way of obtaining micronutrients with guaranteed safety and bioticity is the use of the achievements of nanotechnology and bioorganic chemistry for the synthesis of organometallic biocomplexes, in particular, citrates. The Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine conducts studies to fi nd out the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the action of nanoaquacitrate minerals in the organism of animals in different periods of ontogenetic devel- opment and productive use. It has been established that the trace elements of microelements are biologically active and safe for health, and their use in livestock breeding leads to increased animal vitality and productivity.

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Polupan, Yu P., D. M. Basovskiy, N. L. Rieznykova, and Yu M. Reznikova. "PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.26.

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The ratification by Ukraine of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1994, the approval of the Interlaken Declaration in 2007, the Global Plan of Action on Farm Animal Genetic Resources and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing, signed in 2012, imposes certain obligations to our country, especially concerning farm animal breed conservation. Indigenous breeds have considerable store of variability, high cultural, aesthetic and ecological value and should therefore be unequivocally preserved. The state of this issue in Ukraine and the place of Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS in the solution of the issue are covered in this article. The research was conducted using methodological approaches that are consistent with the Global Action Plan on Animal Genetic Resources, EU Directives, the current legislative framework for livestock in Ukraine, programs and plans of breeding of specific breeds and herds of farm animals. The degree of inbreeding was determined using the method of S. Wright in the modification of D. A. Kislovsky. Conservation of farm animal gene pool is a global issue and affair of certain international organizations, in particular FAO. In Ukraine M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics has been actively engaged in the issue of conservation of biodiversity of farm animals during 1996–2017. By the decision of the Bureau of the Presidium of the UAAS on March 11, 2004 (protocol No. 3), the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics assigned to be the main institution for the organization and implementation of a new scientific and technical program "Preservation of farm animal gene pool". In 2004 there was prepared a "Report on the Status of Genetic Resources of Livestock in Ukraine: Materials for FAO" (authors: M. V. Zubets, V. P. Burkat, D. O. Melnychuk, O. I. Kostenko, Yu. F. Melnyk, I. V. Guzev, R. M. Schmidt, G. G. Omelyanenko, V. I. Drobot, V. A. Pidzhelkova, A.F. Gordin, M. V. Stompel) with the participation of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the NAAS. To fulfill stated tasks, in 2006 the technology and methodology of breeding resources survey holding, breeding resources’ integrated assessment and identification of their economic and genetic specificity were proposed. According to the developed technology, in 2006–2010, 208 breeding herds of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and poultry were surveyed. In the next year (2007), the Institute held a creative discussion "Problems of farm animal gene pool conservation." In the same year, the Institute workers (I. V. Guzev) took part in the International Scientific Conference "Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources in Poland and Europe" (Krakow, Poland), in 2009 – at the International Congress "On the Traces of Grey Podolic Cattle" (Matera, Italy), 2012 (S. I. Kovtun, N. L. Rieznykova) – in the workshop of the ERFP working group on the conservation ex situ "Legal and institutional arrangements for ex situ conservation at national level" (Zagreb, Croatia), 2016 (N. L. Rieznykova) – in a seminar on the conservation in situ and ex situ (Godöllo, Hungary). M. V. Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS in 2017 formed the request for the participation in the international project of FAO on the conservation and rational use of the Brown Carpathian cattle gene pool. The monitoring of the status of local small-scale and endangered farm animal breeds of different species on their number and number of breeding farms in Ukraine (2011–2017), according to the State Breeding Registry, revealed a tendency to the annual reduction of both the number of subjects of the breeding business in the relevant livestock sector and the general number of animals in breeds. According to the results of the analysis conducted amongst a large number of small-scale farm animal breeds in Ukraine, the most vulnerable populations were chosen on the basis of the number of females and breeding farms. In Ukraine Grey Ukrainian, Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Brown Carpathian, Lebedyn cattle breeds, Hutsul horse breed, Sokil sheep breed, Mirgorodian, Ukrainian Steppe Black-and-White and Ukrainian Steppe White pig breeds are going to disappear. Taking into account the above mentioned, the Program of conservation of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2017–2025, based on the initiative and direct participation of Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, has been developed. It requires the annual budget subsidy at the level of 22.01–42.85 mln. UAH. One of the methods of rational use and conservation of local, small-scale and indigenous farm animal breeds’ gene pool is the establishment of banks for long-term storage of biological material. Inventory of available resources of local cattle sperm was carried out. The bulls' sperm is stored at the Bank of Genetic Resources of Animals at M.V.Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of NAAS and nine enterprises of Ukraine. The level of inbreeding among local and endangered breeds was studied. It was established that the highest level of inbreeding is observed among the bulls of the Brown Carpathian breed. Amonst promising further scientific research directions are the next: expeditionary research on the availability of pure-blood animals in gene pool herds, identification of biological characteristics of indigenous animals’ products, estimation of cultural and aesthetic value, resistance level, adaptive ability, and the search for genetic markers of local, small-scale and disappearing breeds.

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Borger, Reinaldo Henrique, Adriana Sousa Martins, Shivelly Los Galetto, Victor Breno Pedrosa, Raquel Abdallah da Rocha Oliveira, and Luciana Da Silva Leal. "Performance of dairy calves raised under two breeding systems." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p867.

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Increasing concern about some animal production systems has placed considerable value on humanitarian breeding systems, aimed at ensuring animal welfare and comfort. Raising calves is one of the most important stages in a milk production system. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Holstein dairy calves raised by two farming systems: conventional individual (CI) and collective with automatic calf feeder (CACF). Fourteen, 15-day-old Holstein dairy calves having an average initial body weight of 40 kg, were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven animals per treatment. The variables evaluated were the milk and feed intake, body weight, hip height, thoracic circumference and daily weight gain. The average milk intake was lower in the CACF (3.5 L animal-1 day-1) than CI (5.1 L animal-1 day-1) system. However, the feed intake was higher in the CACF (1.205 kg animal-1 day-1) compared to CI (0.910 kg animal-1 day-1) system. Body weight, thoracic circumference, hip height and daily weight gain were similar between the two systems. The CACF raised calves had a higher concentrate intake and lower milk intake than the calves raised under the CI system.

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Montaldo, Hugo H. "Genetic engineering applications in animal breeding." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2006): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2225/vol9-issue2-fulltext-7.

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Gianola, Daniel, and Rohan L. Fernando. "Bayesian Methods in Animal Breeding Theory." Journal of Animal Science 63, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.631217x.

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IBI, Takayuki, and Hiroyuki HIROOKA. "Genotype × environment interaction for animal breeding." Journal of animal genetics 35, no. 1 (2007): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5924/abgri2000.35.25.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal breeding'

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