Journal articles on the topic 'Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods'
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Campbell, Wayne W. "Animal-based and plant-based protein-rich foods and cardiovascular health: a complex conundrum." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 110, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz074.
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Bogueva, Diana, and Dora Marinova. "Demand for Animal-Based Food Products and Sustainability." Proceedings 73, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ieca2020-08817.
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The demand for animal-based food products is growing across the world, and many are consciously consuming a protein-rich diet. However, the growing consumption of animal proteins contradicts the Earth’s ability to sustainably feed its population. Curbing emissions from agriculture, and especially from livestock production, is essential to fulfilling the Paris Agreement and shifting to a different diet, including EAT-Lancet’s Planetary Health Diet, the flexitarian diet, and other ethically based dietary choices. Consuming modest or lower amounts of meat is viewed as one of the ways toward achieving sustainability. An increased focus on plant-based foods and other meat alternatives presents a strong potential for reducing agriculture-induced emissions and transitioning towards a more plant-based agricultural sector and underlines the need for worldwide national policies incentivizing this transition. The presentation explores whether consumers are ready to shift to a diet that is better for their health and that of the natural environment.
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Appleton, K. "Barriers to and Facilitators of the Consumption of Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods in Older Adults." Nutrients 8, no. 4 (March 29, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8040187.
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Fernandes, Tito, Carmen Garrine, Jorge Ferrão, Victoria Bell, and Theodoros Varzakas. "Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094221.
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The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. This article considers the valorization of traditional African foodstuffs and ingredients, enhancing the importance of establishing food-based dietary guidelines per country. The crux of this review highlights the potential of mushrooms, namely some underutilized in the SSA, which is the continent’s little exploited gold mine as one of the greatest untapped resources for feeding and providing income for Africa’s growing population, which could play a role in shielding Sub-Saharan Africans against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet.
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Demmer, Elieke, Christopher J. Cifelli, Jenny A. Houchins, and Victor L. Fulgoni. "The impact of doubling dairy or plant-based foods on consumption of nutrients of concern and proper bone health for adolescent females." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 5 (November 10, 2016): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002901.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of increasing plant-based foods v. dairy foods on energy and nutrients of concern in adolescent females via diet modelling exercises.DesignData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to compare nutrient intakes from usual diet with those from three dietary scenarios that increased current intakes by 100 % of the following: (i) plant-based foods; (ii) protein-rich plant-based foods; and (iii) milk, cheese and yoghurt. The first two scenarios had commensurate reductions in animal products.SettingWhat We Eat in America, NHANES 2007–2010.SubjectsFemale adolescents (n 1594) aged 9–18 years.ResultsWhen currently consumed plant-based foods were increased by 100 %, there were increases in dietary fibre, added sugar, vitamin E, Fe and folate intakes. These increases were accompanied by decreases in total fat, saturated fat, Zn, vitamin D, Ca and protein intakes. Protein-rich plant foods are consumed in very low quantities in this population such that doubling their intake resulted in no real nutritional impact. When dairy products were increased by 100 % there were increases in intakes of vitamin D, Mg, Zn, Ca, K, energy, saturated fat and protein.ConclusionsNon-specific recommendations to increase plant foods can lead to unintended nutritional consequences. For adolescent girls, meeting the dietary recommendation of three daily servings of dairy improved the intake of the identified nutrients of concern while simultaneously providing adequate nutrients essential for proper growth and bone health critical during the adolescent phase.
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Tontisirin, Kraisid, Guy Nantel, and Lalita Bhattacharjee. "Food-based strategies to meet the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition in the developing world." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 2 (May 2002): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002155.
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The purpose of the present paper is to review the evidence in favour of food-based strategies to meet the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition in the developing world. Increasing dietary diversification is the most important factor in providing a wide range of micronutrients, and to achieve this objective in a development context requires an adequate supply, access and consumption of a variety of foods. Diets in developing countries generally lack many nutrients, including energy (inadequate amounts of food), so that strategies need to also emphasize an increase in total food intake, in addition to a greater variety. Agricultural and food policies tend to be oriented to primary agricultural productions, but they could also be formulated to promote and support home gardens and small livestock production for the explicit purpose of increasing the household consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. The adoption of ‘desirable’ dietary patterns for nutrition improvement, e.g. appropriately formulated to meet micronutrient needs, could be used in the formulation of agricultural policies and programmes. This process could be achieved through support for integrated farming systems oriented to assuring household food security, but also based on a variety of foods that will meet total dietary (including micronutrient) needs. Thus, availability of energy-rich staples, animal and/or fish as major sources of protein, and vitamin-, mineral- and phytonutrient-rich fruit and vegetables could constitute the types of production envisaged. The cultivation of edible indigenous plants as additional sources of micronutrients could also be added. The low bioavailability of some key micronutrients from foods, such as Fe, are substantially enhanced with the right food combinations and with appropriate food processing and preparation techniques. Simple appropriate technology for the preservation of micronutrientrich foods would need further development and promotion for their year-round availability. Linking community development policies to national programmes for the alleviation of hunger and malnutrition, with an emphasis on increasing the variety of foods consumed, is probably the best strategy for improving micronutrient malnutrition sustainably.
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Appleton, Katherine M. "Barriers to and Facilitators of the Consumption of Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods in Older Adults: Re-Analysis with a Focus on Sustainability." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020470.
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Older adults may gain health benefits from the consumption of animal-based protein-rich foods, but environmental pressures suggest advocating some meat and dairy foods over others, and understanding the barriers and facilitators for consuming these different foods would be of value. Existing data on the barriers to and facilitators of the consumption of meat and dairy products were re-analysed for differing effects for white, red, and processed meat consumption and for yoghurt, soft cheese, and hard cheese consumption. White meat consumption was associated with fewer concerns over spoilage and waste and stronger perceptions that meat is convenient (smallest Beta = 0.135, p = 0.01), while red and processed meat consumption were positively associated with liking /taste, appearance, and convenience (smallest Beta = 0.117, p = 0.03). Yoghurt and soft cheese consumption were positively associated with liking/taste and medical concerns, and fewer concerns over ability and habit (smallest Beta = −0.111, p = 0.05), while hard cheese consumption was only associated with liking/taste (Beta = 0.153, p = 0.01). Taken together, these data suggest that enhancing or promoting the enjoyment, taste, visual appeal, and ease-of-consumption of the more sustainable meat and dairy options may be of value in encouraging the consumption of these foods in older adults.
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Kim, Keewan, Samrawit F. Yisahak, Carrie J. Nobles, Victoria C. Andriessen, Elizabeth A. DeVilbiss, Lindsey A. Sjaarda, Ahoud Alohali, Neil J. Perkins, and Sunni L. Mumford. "Low Intake of Vegetable Protein is Associated With Altered Ovulatory Function Among Healthy Women of Reproductive Age." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 7 (March 18, 2021): e2600-e2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab179.
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Abstract Context Diets high in plant-based protein have gained popularity due to increasing health concerns regarding consumption of animal products. Though links between intakes of certain protein-rich foods and reproductive disorders have been suggested, the relationship of overall animal and vegetable proteins with reproductive hormones among reproductive-aged women is unknown. Objective To evaluate the associations between the intake of dietary protein with reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation among reproductive-aged women. Design A prospective cohort study, 2005–2007. Setting University at Buffalo, western New York, United States. Participants A total of 259 premenopausal women (18–44 years) without dietary restrictions. Main Outcome Measure(s) Serum reproductive hormones were determined up to 8 times per cycle for 2 cycles. Protein intake was assessed the day prior to hormone assessment at 4 visits/cycle using 24-hour recalls. Results Overall, 84% of participants met the recommended dietary allowance for total protein set for reproductive-aged women. Neither total nor animal protein intake were associated with reproductive hormones or anovulation. However, vegetable protein intake in the lowest tertile was associated with lower luteal phase progesterone (-18.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -30.2, -3.6), higher follicle-stimulating hormone (3.8%, 95% CI 0.2, 7.6), and a higher risk of anovulation (risk ratio [RR] 2.53, 95% CI 1.21, 5.26), compared with the middle tertile. Nuts and seeds were the only protein-rich foods associated with an elevated risk of anovulation (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.17, 3.85). Conclusions Findings suggest that among women who meet the recommended dietary allowance for total protein, low intake of vegetable, but not animal, protein may disturb normal ovulatory function.
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Bu, Tao, Daisheng Tang, Yahong Liu, and Dangui Chen. "Trends in Dietary Patterns and Diet-related Behaviors in China." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.2.15.
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Objectives: Determination of trends in diet-related behaviors and their interactions with cardio-metabolic diseases is an important research endeavor. Methods: We analyzed food categories, weight, eating frequency, eating location, cooking methods, time of food intake, dietary knowledge, food preference, nutritional structure over time, and their interaction with cardiometabolic risks, using t tests and χ2 tests, based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey packages from 1997 to 2011. Results: Consumption of fruits, dairy products, snacks, fast food, and beverages has increased significantly, as a concomitant and marked decrease in rice consumption has occurred. Food categories, eating frequency, cooking methods, and at-home eating are gradually increasing and diversifying. Persons not only prefer to consume carbohydrate-rich foods like fruits and vegetables, but also enjoy energy-dense foods like meat, snacks, and beverages. There has been a switch from a predominantly plant-based diet to a Western style diet high in fat and animal-based foods. People have undergone significant changes in reducing the intake of energy, carbohydrates, and protein, but significantly increased their fat intake. Conclusion: Chinese dietary patterns and diet-related behaviors have undergone significant transition in the past few decades, trending towards diversification and modernization.
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Ronto, Rimante, Golsa Saberi, Gianna Maxi Leila Robbers, Stephanie Godrich, Mark Lawrence, Shawn Somerset, Jessica Fanzo, and Josephine Y. Chau. "Identifying effective interventions to promote consumption of protein-rich foods from lower ecological footprint sources: A systematic literature review." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): e0000209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000209.
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Addressing overconsumption of protein-rich foods from high ecological footprint sources can have positive impacts on health such as reduction of non-communicable disease risk and protecting the natural environment. With the increased attention towards development of ecologically sustainable diets, this systematic review aimed to critically review literature on effectiveness of those interventions aiming to promote protein-rich foods from lower ecological footprint sources. Five electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Global Health) were searched for articles published up to January 2021. Quantitative studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on actual or intended consumption of protein-rich animal-derived and/or plant-based foods; purchase, or selection of meat/plant-based diet in real or virtual environments. We assessed 140 full-text articles for eligibility of which 51 were included in this review. The results were narratively synthesised. Included studies were categorised into individual level behaviour change interventions (n = 33) which included education, counselling and self-monitoring, and micro-environmental/structural behaviour change interventions (n = 18) which included menu manipulation, choice architecture and multicomponent approaches. Half of individual level interventions (52%) aimed to reduce red/processed meat intake among people with current/past chronic conditions which reduced meat intake in the short term. The majority of micro-environmental studies focused on increasing plant-based diet in dining facilities, leading to positive dietary changes. These findings point to a clear gap in the current evidence base for interventions that promote plant-based diet in the general population.
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Mariotti and Gardner. "Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112661.
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While animal products are rich in protein, the adequacy of dietary protein intake from vegetarian/vegan diets has long been controversial. In this review, we examine the protein and amino acid intakes from vegetarian diets followed by adults in western countries and gather information in terms of adequacy for protein and amino acids requirements, using indirect and direct data to estimate nutritional status. We point out that protein-rich foods, such as traditional legumes, nuts and seeds, are sufficient to achieve full protein adequacy in adults consuming vegetarian/vegan diets, while the question of any amino acid deficiency has been substantially overstated. Our review addresses the adequacy in changes to protein patterns in people newly transitioning to vegetarian diets. We also specifically address this in older adults, where the issues linked to the protein adequacy of vegetarian diets are more complex. This contrasts with the situation in children where there are no specific concerns regarding protein adequacy because of their very high energy requirements compared to those of protein. Given the growing shifts in recommendations from nutrition health professionals for people to transition to more plant-based, whole-food diets, additional scientific evidence-based communications confirming the protein adequacy of vegetarian and vegan diets is warranted.
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Hartini, Theresia Ninuk Sri, Anna Winkvist, Lars Lindholm, Hans Stenlund, and Achmad Surjono. "Food Patterns during An Economic Crisis among Pregnant Women in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 3 (January 2003): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650302400304.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1996 and 1998. Six 24-hour recalls were performed during the second trimester of pregnancy among 450 women in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia. The objectives of the study were to assess the food intake and food pattern among pregnant women before and during the economic crisis. Before the crisis, rich women had the highest intakes of animal foods, fats and oils, and sugar. Food intake among the urban poor and the rural landless poor subgroups was influenced by the emerging economic crisis. Although the price of rice increased, the intake of rice also increased among all subgroups. Rural poor women with access to rice fields increased their intake of rice and decreased their intake of nonrice staple foods (p < .05). There were significant decreases in the consumption of chicken by rich women and rural poor women with access to rice fields (p < .05). Rice was a strongly inferior good and remained an important supplier of energy, protein, and carbohydrate. Nuts and pulses were important suppliers of calcium and iron, and vegetables were an important supplier of vitamin A. Rich women increased their intake of nuts and pulses, vegetables, fats and oils, and sugar when their intake of rice increased (p < .05). The food patterns were based on rice, nuts and pulses, and vegetables, i.e., plant food. All but the rich women decreased their intake of nutritious foods such as meat, chicken, and fruits. The intake of nuts and pulses and of vegetables increased, whereas the intake of cooking oil and sugar remained constant.
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Kolpakova, Valentina, Denis Kulikov, Rusalia Ulanova, and Ludmila Chumikina. "Food and Feed Protein Preparations from Peas and Chickpeas: Production, Properties, Application." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-2-333-348.
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Introduction. New legume-based protein preparations are an excellent alternative to polymers of animal origin and can eliminate the protein deficiency in the diet of humans and animals. In this respect, the raw material base of common leguminous crops has to be thoroughly analyzed in order to develop new technological schemes for novel protein formulations.
Study objects and methods. The present research compared modern trends in the production, properties, and safety of food and feed protein preparations based on peas and chickpeas. It involved such standard methods as data systematization and analysis of literary sources.
Results and discussion. The leguminous agriculture in Russia is stable enough to produce food and feed protein preparations from peas and chickpeas with the maximum preservation of biological value, composition, and properties. Peas and chickpeas have a high biological value and are rich in polypeptides, fiber, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, etc., which are lost during processing. By-products of protein production can be processed using biosynthetic transformation with various types of fungal and/or bacterial enzymes, as well as physical and/or physicochemical methods, to obtain feed or food products with an appropriate yield. A synthesis with enzymes or microorganisms can result in functional foods and feeds fortified with minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and antioxidants.
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Craig, J. M. "Raw feeding in dogs and cats." Companion Animal 24, no. 11 (December 2, 2019): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2018.0068.
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This article reviews the reasons for feeding domestic dogs and cats a diet based on raw meaty bones. Dogs, though able and willing to eat a wide variety of foods, exhibit numerous carnivorous traits, and are classified as carnivores. Dogs have been shown to prefer foods with nutrient profiles much closer to those of a wild wolf diet than those of kibbled diets, raising the possibility that dogs fed modern commercial diets, low in protein, and high in carbohydrate and additives, might face physiological and metabolic challenges. Cats are strict, obligate carnivores with characteristic dentition and a short digestive tract. A well-constructed raw food diet is high in protein, nutrient-rich, satiating, extremely palatable, and high in prebiotic ‘animal fibre’. Early domestic dogs were not ‘fed’ but allowed to forage for themselves like their wild ancestors. Today, most of our pets are fed on highly processed, dried diets, known commonly as ‘biscuit’ or ‘kibble’, barely recognisable from canine and feline ancestral diets. The intestinal microbiota has been found to vary significantly between raw-fed and non-raw-fed dogs. A species-appropriate, nutrient-rich diet, most closely resembling canine and feline ancestral diets, would seem a sensible option if our pets are to achieve optimal health. Feeding real, whole food consisting mainly of good quality raw meat on the bone, skin, offal, eggs and fish, is perhaps as close as we can come, in modern, Western society, to achieve this.
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Bao, Boer, Skye R. Thomas-Hall, and Peer M. Schenk. "Fast-Tracking Isolation, Identification and Characterization of New Microalgae for Nutraceutical and Feed Applications." Phycology 2, no. 1 (January 16, 2022): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology2010006.
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Microalgae contain high-value biochemical compounds including fatty acids (FA), protein and carotenoids, and are promising bioresources to enhance nutrition of food and animal feed. Important requirements for commercial strains are rapid growth and high productivities of desirable compounds. As these traits are believed to be found in aquatic environments with fluctuating conditions, we collected microalgae from marine and freshwater environments that are subjected to eutrophication and/or tidal fluctuations. Using this directed approach, 40 monoalgal cultures were isolated and 25 identified through 18S rDNA sequencing and morphological characterization. Based on their high growth rates (0.28–0.60 day−1) and biomass productivities (0.25–0.44 g L−1 day−1) in commercial fertilizer under standardized conditions, six new strains were selected. Scenedesmus sp. GW63 produced quality FA-rich biomass with high omega-3 polyunsaturated FA (28.5% of total FA (TFA)) contents, especially α-linolenic acid (ALA; 20.0% of TFA) with a very low n-6/n-3 ratio (0.4), and high FA productivity (32.6 mg L−1 day−1). A high protein productivity (34.5 mg L−1 day−1) made Desmodesmus sp. UQL1_26 (33.4% of dry weight (DW)) attractive as potential protein-rich feed and nutrition supplement. Monoraphidium convolutum GW5 displayed valuable carotenoid production (0.8% DW) with high carotenoid accumulation capability (0.8 mg L−1 day−1). This research provides a pathway for fast-tracking the selection of high-performing local microalgae from different environments for nutraceuticals, functional foods and animal feed applications.
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Alapala Demirhan, Sibel, and Nuray Şahinler. "Bazı Hayvansal Ürünlerin Beslenme ve Sağlık Açısından Önemi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp1 (December 30, 2022): 2696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp1.2696-2700.5671.
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For an adult to have a balanced diet; It is necessary to consume 2800-3000 calories and at least 75- 80 g of protein in a day, and at least 30-35 g of this protein must be of animal origin. Nutrients consist of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. All nutrients contain these compounds to a greater or lesser extent. Although there are these compounds in plant-based foods, animal-based foods such as meat, milk, eggs and honey are rich in protein, as well as the biological value of the protein they contain. When it comes to the use of animal products as a support for the treatment of diseases, the importance of goat’s milk should be emphasized. It is known that goat milk is used in the treatment of many diseases. It has been determined by the positive results obtained from the applications that the regular consumption of goat milk and goat milk products is beneficial in the treatment of eczema, asthma, digestive disorders, some diseases related to varicose veins, virus abscesses and some allergic conditions. “Apitherapy” is a treatment method with bee products and it shows a rapid development in our country. Products obtained from beekeeping activities; products such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, bee venom. These products are used in many diseases (insomnia, digestive system diseases, upper respiratory tract infections, rheumatic, influenza, orthopedic diseases, skin cancer, eczema, asthma, arteriosclerosis, gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatic diseases, kidney, urinary tract infections, etc.) used as a supplement to treatments. Honey, propolis, royal jelly have excellent antibacterial properties. Bee venom has antirheumatic properties and pollen is used in the treatment of immunological diseases. The importance of animal products in terms of health should
not be ignored and more studies on the subject are needed.
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Lokuruka, MNI. "Role of zinc in human health with reference to African elderly: A review." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 54 (October 19, 2012): 6646–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.54.10465.
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This review of the literature was conducted to assess dietary zinc intake among the African elderly, discuss the potential impact of current levels of zinc intake on their health, and to recommend strategies for improving their dietary zinc intake. As zinc plays an ubiquitous role in human metabolism, determination of its dietary intake among African elderly is important from a health standpoint, if the consequences of widely reported deficiency are to be mitigated. Animal meats and seafood are rich sources of zinc, with nuts and legumes being relatively good plant sources. Zinc bioavailability is relatively higher in animal foods due to absence of inhibitors of zinc absorption and the presence of cysteine and methionine, which improve its absorption. Zinc in plant-based foods is less bioavailable for human metabolism due to presence of chelators, phytates and dietary fibre, which inhibit absorption. Individuals at the greatest risk of zinc deficiency include infants and children, pregnant and lactating women, patients being fed intravenously, malnourished individuals including those with protein-energy malnutrition and anorexia nervosa; others are individuals with chronic or persistent diarrhoea, malabsorption syndromes, those with alcoholic liver disease, sickle cell anemia, strict vegetarians, and the elderly aged 60 years and over. A reduced capacity to absorb zinc, increases the likelihood of disease states that may adversely alter zinc utilization, and increased use of drugs that increase zinc excretion, may all contribute to increased risk of mild to moderate zinc deficiency in the elderly. Also, in situations of diminished access to adequate and balanced diets, health care and good sanitation, the likelihood of developing mild to moderate zinc deficiency is high among poor African elderly. Due to the consequences of impaired immune system function in zinc deficiency in the elderly, it is critical to maintain an adequate zinc intake by this group. Despite mild zinc deficiency being unlikely to lead to severe zinc deficiency in individuals without a genetic disorder, zinc malabsorption or conditions of increased zinc loss such as severe burns can also result in mild to severe zinc deficiency. Diets for poor African children, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly, are deficient in zinc. This is mainly due to low food intake, relatively lower intake of animal foods and high phytate and fibre content of the staple plant-based foods. Fortification of staples and inclusion of inexpensive and available animal protein sources, in plant-based diets for the elderly can increase their dietary zinc intake.
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Adesogan, Adegbola T., Sarah Mckune, Geoffrey E. Dahl, Arie Havelaar, and Marjatta E. Eilitta. "111 Awardee Talk - Sustainable diets must include animal-source foods." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.211.
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Abstract The notion that consuming animal-source food (ASF; milk, meat, fish and eggs) is incompatible with sustainable development is flawed. Negative perceptions of livestock consumption in many sustainability debates arise from a focus on overconsumption of ASF, particularly in middle to high-income countries, and a narrow interpretation of sustainability that focuses only one, albeit important, indicator — climate change. However, for the almost 800 million extremely poor people who live on less than $1.90/day and subsist on a diet heavily based on starchy foods, more — not less — ASF will be required for sustainable development, as they provide key nutrients required for full human development. Childhood stunting rates and the associated reductions in health, cognitive development, and economic productivity are rampant in countries with low levels of ASF consumption. Yet these foods are the best sources of high-quality nutrient-rich food for children aged 6 to 23 months according to the World Health Organization, and may be the only source of some. Compared to plant foods, ASF supply greater quantities of higher quality protein and more bioavailable vitamin A, vitamin D3, iron, iodine, zinc, calcium and folic acid among other nutrients, and they are the only natural source of vitamin B12, deficiency of which is associated with developmental disorders, anemia, poorer cognitive function, and lower motor development. Therefore, consumption of ASF by the poor should be prioritized to prevent the devastating, lifelong and intergenerational effects of stunting. Consumption of ASF is also important in developed countries to reduce consumption of “empty” calories that contribute to obesity and to meet specific nutrient needs. Sustainable intensification of ASF production addresses the need to improve livestock productivity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock systems while feeding the world and specifically meeting the growing global demand for ASF, which is expected to double by 2050.
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Babini, Elena, Danielle Laure Taneyo-Saa, Annalisa Tassoni, Maura Ferri, Axel Kraft, Jürgen Grän-Heedfeld, Karlheinz Bretz, et al. "Microbial Fermentation of Industrial Rice-Starch Byproduct as Valuable Source of Peptide Fractions with Health-Related Activity." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8070986.
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The rice-starch processing industry produces large amounts of a protein-rich byproducts during the conversion of broken rice to powder and crystal starch. Given the poor protein solubility, this material is currently discarded or used as animal feed. To fully exploit rice’s nutritional properties and reduce this waste, a biotechnological approach was adopted, inducing fermentation with selected microorganisms capable of converting the substrate into peptide fractions with health-related bioactivity. Lactic acid bacteria were preferred to other microorganisms for their safety, efficient proteolytic system, and adaptability to different environments. Peptide fractions with different molecular weight ranges were recovered from the fermented substrate by means of cross-flow membrane filtration. The fractions displayed in vitro antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-tyrosinase activities as well as cell-based anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. In the future, the peptide fractions isolated from this rice byproduct could be directly exploited as health-promoting functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical preparations. The suggested biotechnological process harnessing microbial bioconversion may represent a potential solution for many different protein-containing substrates currently treated as byproducts (or worse, waste) by the food industry.
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Pellett, Peter L. "World Essential Amino Acid Supply with Special Attention to South-East Asia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 3 (September 1996): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700304.
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On the basis of calculations using regional and country food balance sheets, dietary surveys from Pakistan and India, and amino acid composition data, it is proposed that the essential amino acid lysine may be relatively lacking in many areas of the world where diets heavily based on cereals are consumed. By combining food balance sheet and gross national product data, it can be demonstrated that as wealth increases, not only are more food energy and protein available, but there are also major changes in the pattern of foods selected. When dietary and health data are stratified by gross national product, the poorest countries, with a combined population of nearly 3,000 million, have the highest proportion of their protein originating from plant sources. These are also the countries with the lowest life expectancy and the highest mortality rate among children under five years of age. Rich countries, in contrast, obtain much of their protein from animal sources. Such different dietary patterns of the rich and the poor lead to very different daily availabilities of lysine Although large differences also exist for all other essential amino acids, the difference is considered to be nutritionally significant only for lysine The coefficient of variation (CV %) in lysine content in some 100 dietary calculations was more than three times the average CV % of the other essential amino acids. The amino acid compositions of animal, pulse, and cereal proteins are also sufficiently different from each other to allow food group data to be used to predict the lysine value of diets. Dietary survey data from both India and Pakistan showed wide intra-country variations of lysine availability. Average lysine values were low in both countries and would indicate a considerable risk of inadequate levels of intake in many subsections of the population. Strategies to alleviate possible global problems of low lysine supply must include improving dietary diversity as well as consideration of cereal nutrient fortification.
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Patel, Nehali, Rhiannon R. Penkert, Robert E. Sealy, Sherri L. Surman, Bart G. Jones, Karen Ringwald-Smith, A. Catharine Ross, and Julia L. Hurwitz. "Retinol Binding Protein, Sunlight Hours, and the Influenza Virus-Specific Immune Response." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092322.
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Healthy pediatric immune responses depend on adequate vitamin A and D levels. Relationships between solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and vitamin D are well understood, while relationships between sunlight, vitamin A, and its serum escort, retinol binding protein (RBP), are not. A pediatric clinical study enrolled 2–8-year-old children at various times between September 2016 and March 2017, inclusive, in Memphis, Tennessee. A serum sample from each child was then assayed to examine the influence of season on vitamin levels. We found that RBP and RBP/retinol molar ratios decreased in winter months and RBP/retinol ratios correlated positively with the average daily sunlight hours per month. A food frequency questionnaire given to parents/guardians indicated a shift in dietary intake from plant-based foods to animal-based foods by children between winter and spring months. This translated to higher retinol and zinc (integral to RBP–transthyretin–retinol complexes) in the spring, perhaps explaining the seasonal influence on RBP/retinol. RBP and retinol were associated positively with IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM ratios. RBP and retinol, but not 25(OH)D, also correlated positively with influenza virus-specific antibodies. Retinol correlated negatively, while 25(OH)D correlated positively, with certain serum cytokine/chemokine levels. Significant differences in 25(OH)D, immunoglobulin ratios, and cytokines/chemokines were observed between black and white children. In sum, seasonal changes in dietary foods rich in retinol and zinc may have influenced RBP levels, which in turn influenced innate and adaptive immune responses. Results encourage routine monitoring and reporting of season, RBP, and vitamin levels in future clinical studies, as seasons may affect sunlight exposures, diet, vitamin levels, and immune protection against infectious disease.
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Tufail, Tabussam, Huma Bader Ul Ain, Farhan Saeed, Makia Nasir, Shahnai Basharat, Mahwish, Alexandru Vasile Rusu, et al. "A Retrospective on the Innovative Sustainable Valorization of Cereal Bran in the Context of Circular Bioeconomy Innovations." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114597.
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Handling industrial agricultural wastes is a requirement for industrial waste management in the context of circular bioeconomy innovations. The recovery and re-use of agricultural wastes and their by-products have become an important topic of research and development to investigate their functional and nutraceutical properties. The bioeconomy provides an opportunity to create innovative bio-based products and processes, thereby opening up new markets. Agricultural waste contains a high concentration of protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, and other functional compounds such as antioxidants, which can be used to add value to a variety of food products. Due to its higher nutritional profile, cereal bran, as an agricultural waste and by-product, has a variety of functional and nutraceutical properties. Despite the fact that it is rich in bioactive compounds with health benefits, cereal bran is still underutilized in the food system. It can be used either directly for the processing of various foods or the extraction of various bioactive components present therein. Furthermore, the extracts from cereal bran have been used to obtain antioxidants, antibiotics, vitamins, and enzymes as functional components to be employed in agri-food and animal feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Therefore, this review aims to promote cereal bran waste and by-products, highlighting how to use them as functional ingredients with health-promoting properties and desirable technological aspects. Currently, there are few data on the nutritional exploration of these by-products as health-promoting agri-food products. Cereal bran is a nutritious natural agricultural by-product, but its potential application in the food industry is still limited due to a lack of literature focused on its quality attributes, which may become useful for informal explanation and evaluation during food product formulation. With the growing demand for fiber-rich foods, cereal bran valorization can generate revenue for milling industries.
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Gorbunova, N. A., and A. N. Zakharov. "Edible insects as a source of alternative protein. A review." Theory and practice of meat processing 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2414-438x-2021-6-1-23-32.
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The current state and research priorities in the field of using insects as foods and their components are examined. At present, entomophagy is practiced in Africa, South America and Asia. It is shown that the growing world population, which is increasingly limited in resources upon the rising demand for animal protein, has stimulated the interest to new food sources that can include insects as future alternative sources of animal protein. In the forming global model based on the growing share of renewable energy sources, entomophagy fits in as a renewable source of food energy. Over the last decade, the potential of edible insects as a new ingredient has been studied. It is noted that edible insects can be produced with less environmental impact compared to cattle. Insects have a huge potential at all life cycle stages as a source of nutritional and active substances and are a rich source of animal protein, contain essential amino acids, minerals (K, Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and P), vitamins (В-group, А, D, Е, К and С) and unsaturated fatty acids. Assimilability of insect protein is 76–98%. Insect carbohydrates are represented mainly by chitin contained in a range from 2.7 mg to 49.8 mg/kg of fresh matter. There are data that different insect species can have immune stimulating, sugar reducing, antioxidant and anti-genotoxic activities, as well as the positive effect in cardiovascular and nervous disorders. In the western countries, different methods of insect processing were developed. The review summarizes advantages and risks of eating insects and legal practices of their consumption. Possible ways and strategies of stimulating edible insect consumption are analyzed taking into account that the majority of population in western countries reject the idea of eating insects. The review of performed studies notes the necessity to eliminate emotional and psychological barriers on the way of accepting edible insect consumption.
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Clark, Lisa Frances, and Ana-Maria Bogdan. "Plant-based foods in Canada: information, trust and closing the commercialization gap." British Food Journal 121, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 2535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2018-0826.
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Purpose Despite the growing awareness of links between meat consumption and human, animal and environmental health, consumption rates of protein rich plant-based foods (PBFs) in Canada remain relatively low. The purpose of this paper is to better understand how information sources and trust relate to PBFs in Canadians’ diets, and how these variables may factor into closing the commercialization gap for PBFs in Canada. Design/methodology/approach A geographically representative sample of Canadians (n=410) participated in a 20-minute, online survey. The survey consists of 24 questions covering demographic characteristics, motivations behind current and future food choices, frequency of current PBF consumption, sources of information about PBFs and trust levels of these sources. Findings Most Canadians get information about PBFs from labels, the internet and family and friends, but only half trust these sources to provide accurate information. Sources of information (e.g. licensed health care professionals) that rank high in trust are only consulted by a minority of respondents. Several information sources (e.g. family and friends) are associated with consumers’ willingness to try new PBFs, whereas other sources (e.g. labels) are associated with Canadians being unlikely to try new PBFs. Originality/value Understanding the patterns of where Canadians access information about PBFs and what sources of information are trusted can help to strategically place information about PBF qualities among select information sources and to remove some of the information barriers contributing to the PBF commercialization gap.
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Srivarathan, Netzel, Thi Phan, and Sultanbawa. "Exploring the Nutritional Profile and Bioactive Potential of Australian Grown Saltbush (Atriplex sp.)." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036083.
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Plant foods play a vital role in human nutrition due to their diverse range of macro- and micro-nutrients, fibre and phytochemicals. However, more than 90% of the plant-food demand is satisfied by less than 0.1% of the edible plant species available. Moreover, none of the highly consumed ‘food-plants’ can survive without freshwater irrigation. As the world’s population rises and food sources become limited, alternative avenues for satisfying the world’s food demand are necessary. This persistent situation urges the domestication of wild terrestrial salt tolerant (halophytes) edible plants, of which saltbush (SB) was found to have a long history of use as animal feed and soil erosion control, while very little scientific information is available on its nutritional profile and dietary relevance. Therefore, the present study assessed the nutrient and phytochemical composition of Australian grown oldman SB (Atriplex nummularia) leaves to better understand its nutritional ‘value’ and potential bioactivity. The proximate results showed that SB leaves were rich in protein (20.1 ± 0.18 g/100 g DW), fibre (41.5 ± 0.20 g/100 g DW) and minerals (particularly Ca (1.44 ± 0.03 g/100 g DW), Na (4.13 ± 0.02 g/100 g DW), Mg (0.90 ± 0.01 g/100 g DW), and Fe (11.68 ± 0.35 mg/100 g DW). These initial findings provide important nutritional information to a very promising plant source that could be used alone or synergetic with other foods (e.g., alternative protein and/or fiber source, potential salt substitute). However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the complete nutritional profile of oldman SB leaves, the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of its main nutrients and phytochemicals as well as consumer acceptance in order to develop SB based food products.
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Duarte, Mariana, Marta Vasconcelos, and Elisabete Pinto. "Pulse Consumption among Portuguese Adults: Potential Drivers and Barriers towards a Sustainable Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113336.
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The transition from diets rich in animal products to plant-based protein foods—like pulses—is crucial, for both environmental sustainability and human health. The aim of this study was to characterize the current consumption and to describe the drivers of and barriers to pulse intake in Portugal. Using a quantitative approach, a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed online, and 1174 valid responses were obtained. The most consumed pulses were beans and peas, consumed at least once a week by 48.3% and 44.4% of the sample, respectively. When participants were asked about the possibility of replacement, even partially, of animal products for pulses, 15.0% stated they would not substitute even in a food scarcity scenario. In the qualitative study, ten individuals involved at different steps of pulses’ supply and value chain were interviewed in order to study individual behaviors and experiences linked knowledge and consumption of pulses. It was noticed that the lack of recognition of their nutritional value, the high cooking time and the effect of the anti-nutritional factors were commonly pointed out as barriers. The identification and understanding of perceived barriers for that low consumption will leverage the development of new strategies to promote this promising alternative.
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Rawdkuen, Saroat, Stefano D’Amico, and Regine Schoenlechner. "Physicochemical, Functional, and In Vitro Digestibility of Protein Isolates from Thai and Peru Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Oil Press-Cakes." Foods 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131869.
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Proteins from Sacha inchi (SI) have been widely known for their health-benefiting properties. This study aimed to investigate the different protein isolates obtained from oil press-cakes of Thai and Peru SI. The protein content and protein recovery of Thai and Peru SI were estimated to be 93.27, 90.67%, and 49.15, 59.32%, respectively. The protein patterns of the Thai and Peru SI samples analyzed by SDS-PAGE showed glycoprotein as a major protein, with a molecular weight of 35 kDa. Both protein isolates (PI) showed water and oil holding capacities in the range of 2.97–3.09 g/g sample and 2.75–2.88 g/g sample, respectively. The emulsifying properties of the PI from Thai SI were higher than those of Peru (p < 0.05), while the foaming properties were not analogous to the emulsion properties. The Thai SI sample showed lower digestibility up to 120 min of in vitro digestion time than that of the Peru SI sample (p < 0.05). However, simulated in vitro pepsin digestion of Thai and Peru Si samples displayed hydrolyzed protein bands compared to trypsin digestion, which showed no protein patterns in both SI samples on a 4–20% gradient gel. These results suggest that the protein isolates from Thai and Peru SI exhibit marked variations in physical and techno-functional properties and have a high potential to be employed as plant-based protein additives for future non-animal-based protein-rich foods.
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Lee, Seong-Ho, Hee-Seop Lee, Jihye Lee, Darshika Amarakoon, Zhiyuan Lou, Leela E. Noronha, Thomas J. Herald, Ramasamy Perumal, and Dmitriy Smolensky. "Polyphenol Containing Sorghum Brans Exhibit an Anti-Cancer Effect in Apc Min/+ Mice Treated with Dextran Sodium Sulfate." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (August 1, 2021): 8286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158286.
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Colon cancer (CC) is considered a high-risk cancer in developed countries. Its etiology is correlated with a high consumption of red meat and low consumption of plant-based foods, including whole grains. Sorghum bran is rich in polyphenols. This study aimed to determine whether different high-phenolic sorghum brans suppress tumor formation in a genetic CC rodent model and elucidate mechanisms. Tissue culture experiments used colorectal cancer cell lines SW480, HCT-116 and Caco-2 and measured protein expression, and protein activity. The animal model used in this study was APC Min+/mouse model combined with dextram sodium sulfate. High phenolic sorghum bran extract treatment resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and induced apoptosis in CC cell lines. Treatment with high phenolic sorghum bran extracts repressed TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB transactivation and IGF-1-stimulated PI3K/AKT pathway via the downregulation of β-catenin transactivation. Furthermore, high-phenolic sorghum bran extracts activated AMPK and autophagy. Feeding with high-phenolic sorghum bran for 6 weeks significantly suppressed tumor formation in an APC Min/+ dextran sodium sulfate promoted CC mouse model. Our data demonstrates the potential application of high-phenolic sorghum bran as a functional food for the prevention of CC.
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McKenna, Colleen, Amadeo Salvador, Andrew Askow, Kevin J. M. Paulussen, Alexander Keeble, Scott Paluska, Michael De Lisio, Naiman Khan, and Nicholas Burd. "Higher Protein Intake Does Not Potentiate Skeletal Muscle Vitamin D Receptor." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab041_027.
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Abstract Objectives The loss of muscle mass with age increases not only risk of functional impairment, but also development and exacerbation of cardiometabolic disease. While dietary protein intake and habitual resistance exercise are traditional strategies to offset age-related decrements in lean mass, it is important to define the role of other regulatory nutrients in this process. Dietary vitamin D (VD) has received particular interest as muscle vitamin D receptor (VDR) is associated with hypertrophy. Importantly, beyond being a significant source of high-quality protein, animal-based protein foods are also rich in VD. While previous efforts have investigated the provision of protein and/or VD supplements during a resistance training program, the influence of dietary protein composition and diet-derived VD on resistance exercise adaptations remains unknown. Methods Forty-one middle-aged adults (mean ± SD: age 50 ± 8 y, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m2, M = 19, F = 22) were stratified and randomized to consume either high (1.68 ± 0.26 g/kg/d) or moderate (1.16 ± 0.19 g/kg/d) amounts of animal-based protein during a 10-week dietary counseling-controlled resistance training program. Dietary intake was monitored by biweekly 3d diet records (ASA24). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and muscle biopsies were performed pre- and post-intervention. Total RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed for muscle gene expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Intervention outcomes and their relationships were analyzed using linear mixed effects models and repeated measures correlation, respectively, by R. Results VDR gene expression increased regardless of condition (P = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.84). Upregulation of VDR expression was correlated with gains in appendicular lean mass (r = 0.44; P = 0.011; CI: 0.10, 0.68). While protein intake did not affect VDR expression, animal-based protein diet density (servings/1000 kcal) was modestly correlated with VDR expression (r = 0.42; P = 0.014; CI: 0.08, 0.67). There was no relationship between dietary VD and VDR expression. Conclusions Our results suggests that moderate dietary protein intake is sufficient to support resistance exercise-induced VDR upregulation and lean mass gain in middle-aged adults. Funding Sources Funded in part by the Beef Checkoff. CFM funded by JBT Fellowship, UIUC.
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Lander, R., TS Enkhjargal, J. Batjargal, N. Bolormaa, D. Enkhmyagmar, U. Tserendolgor, S. Tungalag, K. Bailey, and RS Gibson. "Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 9 (October 28, 2009): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009991856.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether persistent micronutrient deficiencies in Mongolian children identified in our earlier biochemical study are associated with inadequacies in quantity and/or quality in their complementary diets.DesignA cross-sectional study of breast-fed children aged 6–23 months, randomly selected from four districts in Ulaanbaatar and four provincial capitals.SubjectsWeight and length were measured, and sociodemographic status, feeding practices and nutrient adequacy of complementary foods for children aged 6–8 months (n 26), 9–11 months (n 29) and 12–23 months (n 73) were assessed via questionnaire and in-home interactive 24 h recalls.ResultsNo geographic differences existed so data were combined. Adherence to WHO infant and young child feeding practices was poor: few children were exclusively breast-fed up to 6 months of age or received the recommended number of feedings containing the recommended number of food groups. Nevertheless, energy intakes from complementary diets, primarily from cereals and non-nutritious snacks, were above WHO-estimated needs; <1 % of energy was from meat and eggs or fruits and vegetables. Median intakes and densities of most nutrients (except protein, thiamin and riboflavin) failed to meet WHO recommendations for at least two age groups, assuming average breast milk intake; greatest density deficits were for Fe > vitamin C > vitamin A > Zn > Ca.ConclusionsComplementary feeding in Mongolia is compromised by deficits in several micronutrients but not energy, in part because of frequent consumption of non-nutritious snacks. The latter may interfere with breast-feeding and should be avoided. Instead, wheat-based complementary foods should be enriched with affordable cellular animal foods and fruits rich in vitamin C to combat existing micronutrient deficits.
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Rocha, Cássia Pantoja, Carlos Murilo Tenório Maciel, Wagner C. Valenti, Patricia Moraes-Valenti, Iracilda Sampaio, and Cristiana Ramalho Maciel. "Prospection of putative genes for digestive enzymes based on functional genome of the hepatopancreas of Amazon river prawn." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (March 7, 2022): e53894. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53894.
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Over recent years, Macrobrachium amazonicum has become a popular species for shrimp farming due to their fast growth, high survival rates, and marketability. Several studies have focused on the development of new technology for the culture of this species, but many aspects of their nutrition and physiology remain unknown. Thus, the goal of the present study was to obtain transcripts of putative genes encoding digestive enzymes, based on a library of the cDNA from the hepatopancreas of M. amazonicum, sequenced in the Ion TorrentTM platform. We identified fragments of nine genes related to digestive enzymes, acting over proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Endo and exoproteases were also recorded in the hepatopancreas, indicating adaptation to the digestion of protein-rich foods. Nonetheless, the enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism formed the largest functional group in M. amazonicum, including enzymes related to the digestion of starch, chitin, and cellulose. These findings indicate that the species has a genetic apparatus of a well-adapted omnivorous animal. This information may provide important insights for the selection of ingredients for the formulation of a more appropriate diet to the enzymatic repertoire of M. amazonicum.
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NICODEMAS, DIANA, LEONARD WILLIAM TUNGARAZA FWEJA, and HAPPY STEVEN MAGOHA. "Evaluation of the Contribution of Cassava Staple to the Recommended Dietary Allowance of Selected Nutrients Among the under Five Children in Mtwara Rural District, Tanzania." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.19.
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This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of cassava recipe in meeting Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of the under five children for the selected nutrients (protein, fat, iron and zinc) in Mtwara rural district. This was achieved by identifying the common cassava recipes and the consumption pattern by using a 24h dietary recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Proximate composition, mineral contents and anti-nutrients (cyanide and phytate contents) were also determined. The rate of consumption of a child was computed based on food portion and consumption frequency in a day. The sufficiency of nutrient of cassava recipes was determined on the basis of the quantity of food eaten per day. Computed nutrient intake was evaluated against the RDA of respective nutrient for respective age category. The findings indicate that the contribution of cassava to the RDAs of the respective nutrients were 19.4% for iron, 21% for zinc, 0.527% for fat and 4.26% for protein among the under five children which is extremely low. The anti-nutrient (phytate) content was far above the tolerable level of 25 mg/100g but cyanide was within the acceptable level. The computed Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) of 2.5 was similarly far below the target IDDS of 5. This implies an extremely poor dietary diversity indicative of very low consumption of food varieties including those of animal origin. It is thus important to develop strategies which encourage and make easy for dietary diversification among community members in order to complement cassava based recipes with readily available foods rich in macro and micronutrients. The strategy should also consider dietary practices such as control of intake of inhibitors e.g. of iron absorption and increase intake of enhancers of absorption in a given meal. These strategies can also include cassava recipe supplementation and fortification.
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Markova, Mariya, Silke Hornemann, Stephanie Sucher, Katrin Wegner, Olga Pivovarova, Natalia Rudovich, Ralph Thomann, Rosemarie Schneeweiss, Sascha Rohn, and Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer. "Rate of appearance of amino acids after a meal regulates insulin and glucagon secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy100.
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ABSTRACT Background Meal composition regulates the postprandial response of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones and plays an important role in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Proteins have glucagon and insulinotropic effects, which may differ depending on amino acid composition, form of intake, and rate of digestibility and absorption. Objective The aim of this study was to test effects of isolated pea protein–based (PP) compared with casein protein–based (CP) meals differing in amino acid compositions on endocrine responses to meal tolerance tests (MTTs) in patients with T2D. Design Thirty-seven individuals with T2D [mean ± SD age: 64 ± 6 y; mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2): 30.2 ± 3.6; mean ± SD glycated hemoglobin: 7.0% ± 0.6%] were randomly assigned to receive either high-animal-protein (∼80% of total protein) or high-plant-protein (∼72% of total protein) diets (30% of energy from protein, 40% of energy from carbohydrate, 30% of energy from fat) for 6 wk. MTTs were performed at study onset and after 6 wk. Participants received standardized high-protein (30% of energy) meals 2 times/d containing either CP-rich (∼85% wt:wt) or PP-rich (∼95% wt:wt) foods. Results The CP and PP meals produced differences in insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) release. Total areas under the curve after CP were significantly lower than after the PP lunch by 40% for insulin and 23% for glucagon. Indexes of insulin sensitivity and secretion were significantly improved for the second CP MTT. This was accompanied by differential rates of appearance of amino acids. The ingestion of PP resulted in significant increases in amino acids after both meals, with a decline between meals. By contrast, CP intake resulted in increases in most amino acids after breakfast, which remained elevated but did not increase further after lunch. Conclusions PP elicits greater postprandial increases in glucagon than does CP and consequently requires higher insulin to control glucose metabolism, which appears to be related to the rate of amino acid appearance. The metabolic impact of protein quality could be used as a strategy to lower insulin needs in patients with T2D. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02402985.
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Khadka, Yagya Rath. "Amino Acid- Essentiality to Human Body." Patan Pragya 8, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v8i01.42437.
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An amino acid is one of the major building block of protein unit, arranged around the carbon atom in tetrahedral manner. These are classified into essential and non-essential amino acids based on their availability on the body. As many as 300 amino acids, only 20 are standard amino acid for their functional view. Each amino acid i.e. monomers joined with peptide linkage as a result biggest molecule of amino acid forms where larger molecule represented by R-group/s. Rich sources of it are pulses, seeds, non-veg foods as well as animal products. Amino acids play major role in metabolic activities for human beings and supply the energy to the body and get healthy fitness as well as neurotans mitters. Excretion of urea and CO2 also results due to the different reaction occurring in liver and kidney. Metabolic disorder causes phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, albinism like problems. Detection of amino acids can be done by various measures but mostly utilized method is ninhydr in test, is a chemical process where the development of coloration confirms the presence of amino acid.
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Orczykowski, Maciej, Rafał Oleszczuk, Jakub Mendocha, and Agnieszka Grzebalska. "Nutritional treatment in chronic kidney disease - review article." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.12.045.
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INTRODUCTION: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition affecting nearly 16% of the population. It is a disease that cannot be completely cured with modern medical capabilities. However, it is possible to halt the progression of the disease and postpone renal replacement therapy through pharmacotherapy. In order to monitor the progression of the disease, GFR should be determined. PURPOSE OF THE WORK: This article reviews the potential impact of typical Western diet and eating habits on the occurrence and progression of chronic kidney disease. Reducing the intake of animal protein, foods rich in sodium potassium and phosphorus, and increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables and fiber help prevent or delay end-stage renal disease. The literature on the role of a low-protein plant-based diet in patients with CKD was also reviewed. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: In addition to pharmacological methods, whose main goal is to reduce proteinuria and control blood pressure, drug therapy can be supported by non-pharmacological methods. One of them is the use of a low-protein diet and adequate provision of macro- and micronutrients in the diet. SUMMARY: In order to support pharmacotherapy in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, the use of an appropriate diet plays an important role. According to the literature, the most important is restriction of protein supply, weight reduction in obese patients and supplementation of micronutrient deficiencies that occur.
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Parker, Holly, Alisha Farris, and Derek Miketinas. "Diet Diversity in Andasibe, Madagascar." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_088.
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Abstract Objectives In Madagascar, over 75% of the population is impoverished and 50% of children experience stunted growth with lifelong health and developmental implications. Beyond inadequate energy intake, diet homogeneity contributes to macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies underlying underdeveloped organ and skeletal system. Research measuring diet diversity of the rural Malagasy population is lacking. A pilot diet-diversity study was conducted in the rural village of Andasibe to identify specific dietary components missing from the Malagasy diet. Methods Diet diversity data were obtained using guidelines established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Over a 6-week period, 24-hour dietary recalls were collected of 150 representative adult household members- typically the mother or father of the household. Subjects provided verbal accounts of food and beverages consumed the day prior. Researchers then guided participants through a list of foods to capture any forgotten items. Foods recorded in the dietary recalls were assigned to categories based on nutrients of interest related to malnutrition and other diseases of nutrition inadequacy. Diet diversity scores (DDS) were assigned corresponding to food categories included in the 24-hour recall. Results The average DDS of all surveys was 4 of a possible 9, corresponding to “medium” diet diversity. 37% of subjects received a “low” DDS and consumed between 1–3 food categories per day. 15% of participants received a “high” DDS and consumed between 6–8 categories per day. Categories unreported in the average recall were “legumes, nuts, and seeds”; “vitamin A-rich fruit and vegetable”; and “milk and milk products”. Animal protein from sources such as meat or fish, dairy products, or eggs was not reported in most recalls. Conclusions Low consumption of protein, vitamin A, and iron-containing items on a given day may be indicative of dietary inadequacies related to stunting and morbidity. Diet diversity data allows for basic quantification of the extent of dietary homogeneity in Andasibe, which likely mimics that of other Malagasy villages and identifies priority areas for future nutrition intervention. Funding Sources Funding was provided by Auburn University's Office of Undergraduate Research and the College of Human Sciences.
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Lee, Helen, Giselle Pignotti, Kasuen Mauldin, and John Gieng. "Identification of Lower Water Use and Higher Nutritional Value Agricultural Food Commodities in California." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac050.007.
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Abstract Objectives As the world's population increases, a focus on nutrition security and water sustainability is needed to ensure the availability of resources for the survival and wellbeing of future generations. The agricultural (Ag) sector accounts for 70% of global water withdrawals and California (CA) is the biggest Ag state in the country with 12.5% of Ag cash receipts, almost double the next largest Ag state. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify CA Ag products that are both more nutritious and use less water. Methods The analysis was conducted using the latest publicly available data on water footprint (WF) and nutrient content of 57 out of 82 Ag products listed in the 2019–2020 CA Ag Statistics Review report. WFs per ton of commodity produced were calculated using precipitation and irrigation data from the CA Department of Water Resources’ report. Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) scores were calculated with data from the USDA's Food Data Central based on each commodity's content of nutrients to encourage (protein; fiber; vitamins A, C, D, E; calcium; magnesium; iron; potassium) and to limit (saturated fat, added sugar, sodium). Higher scores indicate higher nutrient density per 100 kcal. WF and NRF scores were separately sorted numerically and the foods that were both above the median NRF score and below the median WF were identified. Results The WF ranged from 71 (strawberry) to 9,907 m3/ton (pistachio) with a median of 332 m3/ton. The range of NRF scores was 1.39 (olive) to 605.67 (spinach) with a median of 91.13. Foods with lower water use (≤332 m3/ton) and higher nutritional value (≥91.13) from highest to lowest NRF score were spinach, lettuce, pumpkins, tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, cantaloupe, cauliflower, squash, carrots, celery, lemons, strawberries, raspberries, onions, sweet potatoes, cucumbers, honeydew, sugar beets, watermelon, and peaches. On the other hand, most animal products, most field crops, and all nuts had higher water use and lower nutritional value per 100 kcal. Conclusions This study characterizes which CA Ag products could be encouraged at the consumer, business, and policy levels to increase water conservation while maintaining a higher nutritional value. It is the first study on water use and nutritional value that uses CA water data and includes animal products. Funding Sources None.
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Popova, V., Z. Petkova, T. Ivanova, M. Stoyanova, N. Mazova, and A. Stoyanova. "Lipid composition of different parts of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit and valorization of seed and peel waste." Grasas y Aceites 72, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): e402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1256192.
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The consumption of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit (CG), fresh or processed, is gaining popularity worldwide, due to its nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study was based on the analysis of the lipid fraction of different parts of CG fruit and on further valorization of the resulting CG waste. The content of glyceride oil in CG seeds, peels and seed/peel waste, as well as the individual fatty acid, sterol and tocopherol composition of the oils was determined. CG seeds and seed/peel waste were a rich source of oil (up to 22.93%), which is suitable for nutritional application, due to its high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (up to 83.77%), sterols (campesterol, Δ5-аvenasterol, β-sitosterol) and tocopherols (β-, δ- and γ-tocopherols). Seed/peel waste and the extracted seed cakes contained macro- and microminerals (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) which are important for human and animal nutrition. Seed cakes had relatively high protein (24.32%) and cellulose (42.94%) contents, and an interesting amino acid profile. The results from the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the composition of CG fruit, and might be of practical relevance in the development of functional foods and feeds.
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Park, Soo Yeon, Ilekuttige Priyan Shanura Fernando, Eui Joeng Han, Min Ju Kim, Kyungsook Jung, Dong-Soo Kang, Chang-Bum Ahn, and Ginnae Ahn. "In Vivo Hepatoprotective Effects of a Peptide Fraction from Krill Protein Hydrolysates against Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Damage." Marine Drugs 17, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17120690.
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Background: Krill (Euphausia superba) represent the largest animal biomass on earth, and are a rich source of high-quality protein with essential amino acids. Krill-derived peptides are renowned for their antioxidant activities. Hence, these peptides may have protective effects against oxidative stress. Alcoholic liver disease is a prevalent cause of death worldwide. The present study explores the hepatoprotective effects of krill peptide hydrolysate fractions against ethanol-induced liver damage in BALB/c mice. Methods: Hydrolysis was carried out by mimicking the gastrointestinal digestion environment and the filtrate was fractionated based on molecular weight (<1 kDa, 1–3 kDa, and >3 kDa). The 1–3 kDa fraction (KPF), which indicated the highest antioxidant effect, was further investigated for its effect on weight and survival rate increase in mice and its influence on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and liver cholesterol levels. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured, followed by Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Histopathology studies were conducted to assess hepatic tissue damage. Results: KPF enhanced the weight and survival rate of mice while reducing serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and liver cholesterol levels. Moreover, KPF upregulated SOD, CAT, and GPx in liver tissues, while downregulating tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 mRNA expression. KPF further increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and suppressed ethanol-induced apoptotic proteins in the liver. Histopathology of KPF-treated mice showed less hepatic tissue damage compared to ethanol-treated mice. Conclusions: Hydrolysates and bioactive peptides prepared from krill can be employed as functional foods to enhance liver function and health. Further investigations of KPF could lead to the development of functional foods.
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Anjani, Rima, Akhmad Zakaria, and Windy Widowaty. "The Effect Of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera L.) Powder Substitution In Physicochemical And Organoleptic Characteristics Of Ice Cream." Journal of Applied Food and Nutrition 2, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jafn.v2i1.41830.
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Protein and calcium are two nutrients that are essential to the human body. These nutrients can be acquired through the consumption of animal and vegetable foods. Moringa leaves are a protein and calcium-rich vegetable dietary product. The goal of this study is to investigate the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of ice cream products by the addition of Moringa leaf powder. This study used an experimental method with a one-factor total randomized design. The addition of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% Moringa leaf powder treatment was carried out with 5 repetitions. The Kjeldahl method was used to analyse total protein content and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to analyse the amount of Calcium in ice cream products. In this research, we tested the volume, mass, overrun, and melting time of ice cream, and so do the hedonic, and organoleptic characteristics. The results showed that calcium and protein levels of Moringa ice cream increased along with the addition of Moringa leaf powder. Ice cream with the addition of Moringa leaf powder by 12% had an average value of calcium and protein content higher compared to other ice cream samples. The addition of 9% Moringa leaf powder gave the best-overrun value of 47.86% which was determined based on the swelling power of the ice cream dough. Ice cream with 3% Moringa powder has the longest melting power of 12.82 minutes. organoleptic test results show that ice cream with 3% Moringa has the highest level of preference, with a total point of 527 for colour, 509 for aroma, 559 for taste, and 546 for texture. This study shows that Moringa leaves can be used as a substituent in ice cream.
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Brardi, Simone, Gabriele Cevenini, Tiziano Verdacchi, Giuseppe Romano, and Roberto Ponchietti. "Use of cinacalcet in nephrolithiasis associated with normocalcemic or hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: results of a prospective randomized pilot study." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 87, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2015.1.66.
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Objectives: To evaluate, by means of a prospective randomized study, the efficacy of cinacalcet in the forms of nephrolithiasis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism in both the hypercalcemic and normocalcemic variant. Materials and Methods: Ten patients suffering from active nephrolithiasis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (4 hypercalcemics and 6 normocalcemics), equally divided between males and females, were randomly but not blindly addressed to treatment with potassium citrate and allopurinol, or to the same therapeutic regimen in combination with cinacalcet. The dosage of cinacalcet was optimized for each patient in order to obtain a reduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) within normal limits while enabling the maintenance of adequate calcemic values. All study participants were given the same diet based on a reduction in sodium intake, oxalate-rich foods and animal protein with standardized intake of calcium and an increase in hydration. After a follow up period of 10 months , cinacalcet was associated to standard therapy and diet in patients who were not taken it, conversely cinacalcet was withdrawn in the remaining patients who remained on standard therapeutic regimen and diet. Follow up was continued for a second period of observation of the same duration of the first. Results: At the end of the period of treatment with cinacalcet, for both variants of hyperparathyroidism, a statistically significant reduction in the overall number and in the diameter of renal stones was found. Conclusions: This prospective randomized study shows the effectiveness of cinacalcet used in combination with a diet with normalized calcium intake, in reducing the number and size of urinary stones in hypercalemic and normocalcemic forms of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Forero-Cantor, Germán, Javier Ribal, and Neus Sanjuán. "Measuring regional differences in food security from access and stability dimensions: A methodological proposal based on elasticities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 3 (March 31, 2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/97/2019-agricecon.
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One constraint when dealing with food security problems is the absence of measurement tools that allow for mitigation strategies to be targeted on each region individually. The elasticities can be used as a good exploratory instrument of food security. This paper presents a proposal for measuring the food insecurity dimensions of access and stability, integrating the values of the different kinds of elasticities. The methodology was applied to Spain, using data from nine groups of protein-rich foods of animal origin during the 2004–2015 period in 17 regions. The results suggest that, as regards foods rich in animal proteins, Navarra and Galicia are the regions with the highest food insecurity, and pork meat is the most insecure food product. Comparisons can be carried out between and within regions.
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Cervantes Sánchez, Martha Elena, Arianna del Ángel Pacheco May, Ricardo Ascencio López, and Maximiliano Vanoye Eligio. "Estudio Comparativo en la Calidad Nutricional y Empatique de Galletas de Pulido de Arroz." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 40 (December 31, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n40p35.
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El pulido de arroz se define como un subproducto de aspecto harinoso, suave y fibroso al tacto, constituido por el pericarpio, el tegumento, la aleurona, parte del grano, en polvo o en fragmentos y germen entero y triturado, así como cascarilla. Es rico en proteínas, grasas, y contiene una cantidad apreciable de vitaminas y minerales; sin embargo el uso al que se ha destinado este subproducto es únicamente para el consumo animal. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es contribuir en la trasformación del pulido de arroz para consumo humano, mediante la elaboración de galletas utilizando el subproducto de arroz pulido. Para el logro del trabajo de investigación, la materia prima se obtuvo de la empresa arrocera Agrocampo Arisanta S.P.R de R.L de C.V. una vez obtenida la materia prima, esta llevo a laboratorio para la preparación de las galletas, realizar los distintos análisis físico-químicos e identificar la vida en anaquel, la cual se valoró cada 15 días durante un periode de cinco meses. Los resultados indican que la porción por galleta debe de ser de 40 gramos, teniendo cada galleta un contenido de fibra de 3.2% y 12.5% de proteína. En relación a la vida en anaquel, se observó que las galletas conservan sus características organolépticas hasta por un tiempo de cinco meses. Estos resultados contribuyen de forma directa a los beneficios a la salud, por lo que sus características permite que se desarrollen alimentos funcionales, tal es el caso de la elaboración de galletas a base de pulido, de consistencia y sabor agradable al paladar de aquellas personas que gustan de cuidar su dieta
Rice polishing is defined as a by-product with a floury appearance, soft and fibrous to the touch, consisting of the pericarp, the integument, the aleurone, part of the grain, in powder or fragments and whole and ground germ, as well as a husk. It is rich in proteins, and fats, and contains an appreciable amount of vitamins and minerals; however, the use to which this by-product has been destined is solely for animal consumption. Based on the above, the objective of this research work is to contribute to the transformation of polished rice for human consumption, by making biscuits using the polished rice by-product. For the achievement of the research work, the raw material was obtained from the rice company Agrocampo Arisanta S.P.R de R.L de C.V. Once the raw material was obtained, it was taken to the laboratory for the preparation of the cookies, to carry out the different physical-chemical analyzes and to identify the shelf life, which was valued every 15 days during a period of five months. The results indicate that the serving per cookie should be 40 grams, with each cookie having a fiber content of 3.2% and 12.5% protein. In relation to shelf life, it was observed that cookies retain their organoleptic characteristics for up to five months. These results contribute directly to health benefits, so its characteristics allow functional foods to be developed, such is the case of the production of polishing-based biscuits, with a consistency and a palatable taste for those who like to take care of your diet.
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Aji, Navela Rahma, Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo, and Tri Mayasari. "Meat analog based necklace crickets and fruit (Jackfruit and Pumpkin) as an alternative source of animal protein ingredients food in Gunung Kidul." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 5, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2016.5505.
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Artificial meat analog form is a product made from vegetable protein material is not meat, but similar right to the properties of real meat. The sources of vegetable protein which can be used very much with several requirements must be met, such as having the fibers resembling meat and kenyal. Penggunaan crickets and fruit (jackfruit and pumpkins) should be blend into the meat analog chewy and rich protein. Jangkrik is an insect that is found in abundance around kita. Keberadaannya usually only used as bird feed pets only, so the selling price is very cheap. The study compared the content of protein and carbohydrates between nuggets, meat analogue (crickets and jackfruit) and meat analog (crickets and pumpkin). Based on the study found that levels of carbohydrate and protein in the nugget is 10:05% and 10:51%. Levels of carbohydrates and protein in meat analog (crickets and jackfruit) are 65.347% and 0.04432%, and the protein content in meat analog (cricket and squash) is 0.2587%. Meat processing analog crickets and fruit (jackfruit and pumpkins) is processing by mixing crickets that have been fried; boiled jackfruit along with additional materials lainnya. Perebusan jackfruit aim to inactivate the enzyme causes the decrease in quality during storage and to soften the texture of the fruit in the blend nangka. Sehingga crickets and jackfruit will produce analog meat rich in protein, carbohydrates and certainly chewy meat resembles the original.
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Yaghubi, Elham, Stefano Carboni, Rhiannon M. J. Snipe, Christopher S. Shaw, Jackson J. Fyfe, Craig M. Smith, Gunveen Kaur, Sze-Yen Tan, and David Lee Hamilton. "Farmed Mussels: A Nutritive Protein Source, Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids, with a Low Environmental Footprint." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041124.
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The world’s ever-growing population presents a major challenge in providing sustainable food options and in reducing pressures on the Earth’s agricultural land and freshwater resources. Current estimates suggest that agriculture contributes ~30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Additionally, there is an increased demand for animal protein, the production of which is particularly polluting. Therefore, the climate-disrupting potential of feeding the planet is likely to substantially worsen in the future. Due to the nutritional value of animal-based protein, it is not a simple solution to recommend a wholesale reduction in production/consumption of animal proteins. Rather, employing strategies which result in the production of low carbon animal protein may be part of the solution to reduce the GHGs associated with our diets without compromising diet quality. We suggest that farmed mussels may present a partial solution to this dilemma. Mussel production has a relatively low GHG production and does not put undue pressure on land or fresh water supplies. By drawing comparisons to other protein sources using the Australian Food and Nutrient Database and other published data, we demonstrate that they are a sustainable source of high-quality protein, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, and other key micronutrients such as B-12 and iron. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the health benefits and potential risks of increasing the consumption of farmed mussels.
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Koshinaka, Keiichi, Asuka Honda, Rihei Iizumi, Yuto Miyazawa, Kentaro Kawanaka, and Akiko Sato. "Egg White Protein Feeding Facilitates Skeletal Muscle Gain in Young Rats with/without Clenbuterol Treatment." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062042.
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Based on the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS), egg white protein (EGG) has an excellent score, comparable to that of whey protein but with a lower amount of leucine. We examined the effect of EGG feeding on rat skeletal muscle gain in comparison to that of two common animal-derived protein sources: casein (CAS) and whey (WHE). To explore the full potential of EGG, this was examined in clenbuterol-treated young rats. Furthermore, we focused on leucine-associated anabolic signaling in response to EGG after single-dose ingestion and chronic ingestion, as well as clenbuterol treatment. Because EGG is an arginine-rich protein source, a portion of the experiment was repeated with diets containing equal amounts of arginine. We demonstrated that EGG feeding accelerates skeletal muscle gain under anabolism-dominant conditions more efficiently than CAS and WHE and this stronger effect with EGG is not dependent on the arginine-rich composition of the protein source. We also demonstrated that the plausible mechanism of the stronger muscle-gain effect with EGG is not detectable in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) or insulin signaling under our experimental conditions. We conclude that EGG may have a superior efficiency in muscle gain compared to other common animal-based proteins.
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Huang, Neil K., Nirupa R. Matthan, Gregory Matuszek, and Alice H. Lichtenstein. "Plasma Metabolite Profiles Following Consumption of Animal Protein and Soybean-Based Diet in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women." Metabolites 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030209.
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Subjective reporting of food intake can be unreliable. No objective method is available to distinguish between diets differing in protein type. To address this gap, a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled cross-over feeding trial was conducted. Assessed were fasting plasma metabolite profiles and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). Hypercholesterolemic post-menopausal women (N = 11) were provided with diets containing predominantly animal protein (AP) and soy protein (SP). Untargeted metabolomics were used to determine the plasma metabolite profiles at the end of each diet phase. Concentrations of identified metabolites (N = 829) were compared using paired t-tests adjusted for false discovery rate, partial least square-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Among the identified metabolites, 58 differed significantly between the AP and SP diets; the majority were phospholipids (n = 36), then amino acids (n = 10), xenobiotics (n = 7), vitamin/vitamin-related (n = 3) and lipids (n = 2). Of the top 10 metabolites, amino acid-derived metabolites, phospholipids and xenobiotics comprised the main categories differing due to dietary protein type. ROC curves confirmed that the top 10 metabolites were potential discriminating biomarkers for AP- and SP-rich diets. In conclusion, amino acid-derived metabolites, phosphatidylethanolamine-derived metabolites and isoflavones were identified as potential metabolite biomarkers distinguishing between dietary protein type.
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Cao, Lele, Qianyun Ma, Tieqiang Liang, Guohou Sun, Wenrui Chi, Cijian Zhang, Jian Li, and Lijuan Wang. "A semen cassia gum-based film with visual–olfactory function for indicating the freshness change of animal protein-rich food." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 133 (July 2019): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.045.
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Manners, Rhys, Irene Blanco-Gutiérrez, Consuelo Varela-Ortega, and Ana M. Tarquis. "Transitioning European Protein-Rich Food Consumption and Production towards More Sustainable Patterns—Strategies and Policy Suggestions." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051962.
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Global and European diets have shifted towards greater consumption of animal proteins. Recent studies urge reversals of these trends and call for a rapid transition towards adoption of more plant-based diets. This paper explored mechanisms to increase the production and consumption of plant-proteins in Europe by 2030, using participatory backcasting. We identified pathways to the future (strategies), as well as interim milestones, barriers, opportunities and actions, with key European stakeholders in the agri-food chain. Results show that four strategies could be implemented to achieve the desired future: increased research and development, enriched consumer education and awareness, improved and connected supply and value chains and public policy supports. Actions needed to reach milestones were required immediately, reinforcing the need for urgent actions to tackle the protein challenge. This study concretely detailed how idealized dietary futures can be achieved in a real-world context. It can support EU protein transition by informing policy makers and the broader public on potential ways to move towards a more sustainable plant-based future. The outputs of this analysis have the potential to be combined with dietary scenarios to develop more temporally explicit models of future dietary changes and how to reach them.
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Shewry, P. R., F. Beaudoin, J. Jenkins, S. Griffiths-Jones, and E. N. C. Mills. "Plant protein families and their relationships to food allergy." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300906.
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The analysis of plant proteins has a long and distinguished history, with work dating back over 250 years. Much of the work has focused on seed proteins, which are important in animal nutrition and food processing. Early studies classified plant proteins into groups based on solubility (‘Osborne fractions’) or protein function. More recently, families have been defined based on stuctural and evolutionary relationships. One of the most widespread groups of plant proteins is the prolaminin superfamily, which comprises cereal seed storage proteins, a range of low-molecular-mass sulphur-rich proteins (many of which are located in seeds) and some cell wall glycoproteins. This superfamily includes several major types of plant allergen: non-specific lipid transfer proteins, cereal seed inhibitors of α-amylase and/or trypsin, and 2 S albumin storage proteins of dicotyledonous seeds.