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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal association'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Thompson, Kelly, and Eleonora Gullone. "An Investigation into the Association between the Witnessing of Animal Abuse and Adolescents' Behavior toward Animals." Society & Animals 14, no. 3 (2006): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853006778149163.

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AbstractResearch (Baldry, 2003; Flynn, 1999, 2000a; Henry, 2004) has linked witnessing abuse to nonhuman animals with the committal of such acts. This study reports frequency data based on adolescents' self-reported witnessing of animal abuse and involvement in animal-directed behaviors. The study investigates associations between witnessing abuse and engaging in both positive and negative animal-directed behaviors. 281 adolescents, 12-18 years of age, completed measures of animal cruelty and the humane treatment of animals. As predicted, the study found a history of witnessing animal abuse associated with significantly higher levels of animal cruelty. The study reported significantly higher levels of cruelty for those who had witnessed a friend, relative, parent, or sibling abuse an animal and significantly lower levels for those who had witnessed a stranger abuse an animal. Participants who "Frequently" witnessed animal abuse reported significantly higher levels of cruelty than those who viewed abuse "A few times". There was no association found between humane treatment of animals and the witnessing of animal abuse. Positive influences, peer mentors and humane education, would help to combat this cycle of abuse.

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2

Spier, R. E. "Japanese association for animal cell technology." Cytotechnology 4, no. 1 (July 1990): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00148815.

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3

Chen, Sanping, and Randall S. Morley. "Observed herd size and animal association." Ecological Modelling 189, no. 3-4 (December 2005): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.020.

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4

Spier, R. E. "Japanese Association for Animal Cell Technology." Vaccine 8, no. 2 (April 1990): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(90)90165-i.

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5

MacNeil, Michael D. "342 Progress Report - AgGuide 2020." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.129.

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Abstract The Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, commonly known as the Ag Guide, is published jointly by the American Dairy Science Association®, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Poultry Science Association under an open access creative commons license. At present, its 4th edition is under development and out for public comment. When finalized, this edition is intended to replace previous editions from 1988, 1999, and 2010. The first five chapters of the Ag Guide cover subjects that are relevant across species. These are followed by species-specific chapters, which are under the purview of the respective associations dedicated to the species. Authors of the individual chapters, recruited by the associations, were scientists, veterinarians, or engineers with expertise in the species or subjects covered in the respective chapters. All chapters are grounded in the scientific literature. The board of directors of each association approved final drafts of the general chapters and their respective species chapters. The content is intentionally broad so as to cover the diverse research and teaching institutions that use agricultural animals, yet be clear enough to give unambiguous guidance to institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs) responsible for the care and use of animals in their respective institutions. It is viewed as essential that IACUCs and others who oversee animal care practices use sound professional judgment to achieve appropriate animal welfare outcomes, recognizing that too prescriptive an approach to animal care and use can stifle research and teaching opportunities. The 4th edition of the Ag Guide constitutes a timely and robust updating of guidance pertinent to animal care and use that will be released in 2020.

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6

Ohnuma, Reiko. "The Heretical, Heterodox Howl: Jackals in Pāli Buddhist Literature." Religions 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10030221.

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Buddhist literature in Pāli presents a world that is rich in animal imagery, with some animals carrying largely positive associations and other animals seen in a consistently negative light. Among the many species that populate the Pāli imaginaire, the jackal bears a particular status as a much-maligned beast. Jackals are depicted in Pāli literature as lowly, inferior, greedy, and cunning creatures. The jackal, as a natural scavenger, exists on the periphery of both human and animal society and is commonly associated with carrion, human corpses, impurity, and death. In this paper, I am interested in the use of the jackal as an image for both heresy and heterodoxy—that is, the jackal’s consistent association with heretical Buddhist figures, such as Devadatta, and with heterodox teachers, such as the leaders of competing samaṇa movements. Why was the jackal such an appropriate animal to stand for those who hold the wrong views? And how does association with such an animal sometimes result in a particularly nefarious sort of dehumanization that goes against the teachings of Buddhism?

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Olin Myers, Eugene. "Human Development as Transcendence of the Animal Body and the Child-Animal Association in Psychological Thought." Society & Animals 7, no. 2 (1999): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853099x00031.

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AbstractThis paper explores the association of children and animals as an element in Western culture's symbolic universe. Three historical discourses found in the West associate animality with immaturity and growing up with the transcendence of this condition. The discourses differ in how they describe and evaluate the original animal-like condition of the child versus the socialized end product. All, however, tend to distinguish sharply between the human and the nonhuman. This paper explores expressions of this tendency in developmental theories that set as the criterion of maturity the actualization of some capacity that is believed to set humans apart from animals. Seeing relationships with animals as marginally important in human development and life is a consequence of these assumptions. Simultaneously, these assumptions also marginalize the body. This constitutes a dual renunciation of body and animal, criticized for its effects both on inquiry and on our realization of the roles and values of nonhuman animals in development. Such research can help reveal the self-organizing nature of the human animal body.

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Bozkurt, Y., S. Ozkaya, and I. Ap Dewi. "Association between aggressive behaviour and high-energy feeding level in beef cattle." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 4 (December 5, 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3922-cjas.

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The aim of this study was to investigate an association between aggressiveness and high level of feeding in a half-open feedlot production system. An experiment was conducted on 72 head of beef cattle of different breeds. The animals were at about 10 months of age. Medium quality silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with high (HE) and low level (LE) of barley (2.5 and 1.5 kg/day/head, respectively) and supplemented without (nil) or with (+) extracted soybean meal (0.45 kg/day/head). Several types of animal behaviour were observed such as those parameters that are categorized to be main aggressive behaviours, butting, being butted, mounting and being mounted. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in butting, being butted behaviours between HE and LE treatment groups. Mounting and being mounted behaviours were significantly different (P < 0.05) in steers and heifers and between the seasons as well. Steers performed more incidents of mounting behaviour than heifers and it was the same for spring, during which animals had more mounting behaviours. It was concluded that there was a close relationship between high-energy diets and aggressive behaviour, which necessitates some management measures to be taken in order to ensure better animal welfare and beef production.  

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9

Hull, Debra B. "Animal Use in Undergraduate Psychology Programs." Teaching of Psychology 23, no. 3 (October 1996): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009862839602300310.

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Chairpersons of undergraduate institutions that offer a psychology major but no graduate program were surveyed concerning their use of animals currently and 5 years ago. Results show that, despite the efforts of animal rights activists, there has been little change in the number of schools that use animals (about 50%) or in the aversive procedures to which animals are subjected. Surprisingly few institutions have had direct contact with animal rights activists. Chairpersons in departments that use animals report that students generally respond favorably to animal use and that American Psychological Association and National Institutes of Health guidelines are appropriate. Alternatives to animal use reported by respondents include computer simulations, video presentations, prepared slides, and human participants.

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10

Bakota, Lidija. "Živobran." Pannoniana 3, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0001.

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Abstract The paper will present the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals Živobran (1894–1904) and explore its contribution to the development of social awareness on natural, cultural and ethical values of animal species with special reference to their educational role in the promotion of animal rights among the Croatian school population at the turn of the 20th century. Namely, by carrying out the cooperation with school institutions, the magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals directly affected the formation of students’ thinking, standpoints and relations toward the animal world. The research corpus encompasses texts published in the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals Živobran in the period from 1894 to 1904. The paper is a contribution to the research of Croatian cultural zoology and literary ecology.

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Gomes-Neves, Eduarda, Sara Marques, Adélia Alves-Pereira, Pedro Osório, Alexandra Müller, and Cláudia S. Baptista. "Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions in Portugal: A Questionnaire to Municipal and Animal Association Shelters." Animals 11, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092532.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has an indirect impact on the health and welfare of animals. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on Municipal and Association animal shelters. A questionnaire was sent to 97 Municipal shelters and 65 Associations. Questions focused on public funding, management and animal welfare during COVID-19 restrictions. The response rate was 43.3% (42/97) for Municipal shelters and 38.5% (25/65) for Associations. Municipal shelters (67%) received over 80% of public funding, whereas 68% of the Associations received less than 50%. During the COVID-19 restrictions, financial difficulties were observed by 52% of Associations and 5% of Municipal shelters, and a lack of volunteers was observed by 56% of Associations and 17% of Municipal shelters. Operational difficulties were indicated by 43% of Associations and 12% of Municipal shelters, and a lack of instructions was observed by 31% of Municipal shelters and 4% of Associations. No significant differences were obtained on abandonment, adoption, clinical support, exercise and interaction. Decreased feed supply was reported by 40% of Associations and 5% of Municipal shelters. During the COVID-19 restrictions, Municipal shelters were more affected by the lack of instructions, and Associations were more affected by external factors such as a decrease in feed supply, volunteers and funding. Preparedness and contingency plans seem essential to face unpredicted crises.

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Garcia Fontes, Suelane, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Silvio Luiz Stanzani, and Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa. "Jaguar movement behavior: using trajectories and association rule mining algorithms to unveil behavioral states and social interactions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): e0246233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246233.

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Animal movement data are widely collected with devices such as sensors and collars, increasing the ability of researchers to monitor animal movement and providing information about animal behavioral patterns. Animal behavior is used as a basis for understanding the relationship between animals and the environment and for guiding decision-making by researchers and public agencies about environmental preservation and conservation actions. Animal movement and behavior are widely studied with a focus on identifying behavioral patterns, such as, animal group formation, the distance between animals and their home range. However, we observed a lack of research proposing a unified solution that aggregates resources for analyses of individual animal behavior and of social interactions between animals. The primary scientific contribution of this work is to present a framework that uses trajectory analysis and association rule mining [Jaiswal and Agarwal, 2012] to provide statistical measures of correlation and dependence to determine the relationship level between animals, their social interactions, and their interactions with other environmental factors based on their individual behavior and movement data. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework by applying it to movement data from jaguars in the Pantanal, Brazil. This allowed us to describe jaguar behavior, social interactions among jaguars and their behavior in different landscapes, thus providing a highly detailed investigation of jaguar movement decisions at the fine scale.

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13

Tennant, Bryn. "Small Animal Review." Companion Animal 24, no. 11 (December 2, 2019): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0063.

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Summary: Dogs with unexplained myocardial and rhythm disturbances show a significantly higher prevalence of nucleic acids from selected cardiotropic pathogens (virus, bacteria and protozoa) than in control dogs, indicating a possible association between these pathogens and the development of certain cardiac diseases.

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14

Connor, Melanie, Alistair Lawrence, and Sarah Brown. "Associations between Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Empathy towards Animals and Implicit Associations towards Animals." Animals 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8080140.

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Oxytocin has been well researched in association with psychological variables and is widely accepted as a key modulator of human social behaviour. Previous work indicates involvement of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human-human empathy, however little is known about associations of OXTR SNPs with empathy and affective reactions of humans towards animals. Five OXTR SNPs previously found to associate with human social behaviour were genotyped in 161 students. Empathy towards animals and implicit associations were evaluated. A General Linear Model was used to investigate the OXTR alleles and allelic combinations along with socio-demographic variables and their influence on empathy towards animals. Empathy towards animals showed a significant association with OXTR SNP rs2254298; homozygous G individuals reported higher levels of empathy towards animals than heterozygous (GA). Our preliminary findings show, for the first time, that between allelic variation in OXTR and animal directed empathy in humans maybe associated, suggesting that OXTRs social behaviour role crosses species boundaries, warranting independent replication.

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15

Orr, H. Simon. "British Small Animal Veterinary Association Extraordinary General Meeting." Journal of Small Animal Practice 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03588.x.

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16

Weber, Keith T., Milo Burcham, and C. Les Marcum. "Assessing Independence of Animal Locations with Association Matrices." Journal of Range Management 54, no. 1 (January 2001): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003522.

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17

Niemiec, B., J. Gawor, A. Nemec, D. Clarke, K. McLeod, C. Tutt, M. Gioso, et al. "World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines." Journal of Small Animal Practice 61, no. 7 (July 2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13113.

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18

Cianciolo, R. E., F. C. Mohr, L. Aresu, C. A. Brown, C. James, J. H. Jansen, W. L. Spangler, et al. "World Small Animal Veterinary Association Renal Pathology Initiative." Veterinary Pathology 53, no. 1 (May 8, 2015): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985815579996.

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19

Chemineau, Philippe. "Letter from the World Association for Animal Production." Animal Frontiers 11, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab011.

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20

Sambrook, Thomas, and Mark Taylor. "DATA FOR FREE: HOW TO ESTIMATE THE ASSOCIATION OF NON-FOCAL SUBJECTS USING A FOCAL WINDOW." Behaviour 137, no. 9 (2000): 1257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502637.

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AbstractWe present a 'focal window' procedure for estimating associations between non - focal animals, based on focal data. The estimate is based on the time that two non - focal animals spend simultaneously proximal to a third, focal animal, relative to the time that would be expected given their independent attraction to this animal. Simulations showed that the error of the estimate was low when at least one of the three associations in the triad was high.

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21

Coltro, Fabio Luiz Zanardi. "Geografia e os Animais: uma Revisão dos Artigos da Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 18, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2017v18n2p169-177.

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A discussão sobre as relações humanos e animais têm importância nos debates científicos e filosóficos. A geografia anglo-saxônica, no entanto, há pouco entrou neste cenário. O presente artigo busca resgatar publicações nos anais da Association of American Geographers que discutam ou citem essa questão animal, em que se faz uma retrospectiva desde a primeira publicação do Annals of Association of American Geographers em 1911 até o ano de 1970. Buscou-se apresentar os artigos publicados que contivessem, em seu escopo, alguma discussão sobre os animais. Foram encontrados, portanto, 21 artigos no período, distribuídos e analisados década a década.Palavras-chave: Animais. Geografia. Association of American Geographers.AbstractThe discussion on human-animal relationship has an importance in scientific and philosophic debate. The Anglo-Saxon Geography, however, has ingressed into this scenario only recentrly. This article seeksto rescue publications on Annals of Association of American Geographers that discuss or mention this animal question, performs a retrospective since the first edition of Annals of Association of American Geographers in 1911 up to the edition in 1970. It sought to present articles published that had in scope some discussion about animals. Therefore, 21 articles were found within this period, distributed and analyzed decade to decade.Keywords: Animals. Geography. Association of American Geographers.

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Morichi, Toshiki. "The 8th animal science congress of the Asian-Australasian association of animal production societies." Livestock Production Science 48, no. 1 (April 1997): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(97)89727-8.

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Chen, Yi-Chuan, and Gert Westermann. "Twelve-month-old infants learn crossmodal associations between visual objects and natural sounds in ecologically valid situations." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647504.

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Infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and auditory linguistic labels (such as a dog and the sound /dɔg/) by the end of their first year of life. Surprisingly, at this age they seem to fail to learn the associations between visual objects and natural sounds (such as a dog and its barking sound). Researchers have therefore suggested that linguistic learning is special (Fulkerson and Waxman, 2007) or that unfamiliar sounds overshadow visual object processing (Robinson and Sloutsky, 2010). However, in previous studies visual stimuli were paired with arbitrary sounds in contexts lacking ecological validity. In the present study, we create animations of two novel animals and two realistic animal calls to construct two audiovisual stimuli. In the training phase, each animal was presented in motions that mimicked animal behaviour in real life: in a short movie, the animal ran (or jumped) from the periphery to the center of the monitor, and it made calls while raising its head. In the test phase, static images of both animals were presented side-by-side and the sound for one of the animals was played. Infant looking times to each stimulus were recorded with an eye tracker. We found that following the sound, 12-month-old infants preferentially looked at the animal corresponding to the sound. These results show that 12-month-old infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and natural sounds in an ecologically valid situation, thereby challenging our current understanding of the development of crossmodal association learning.

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Mariti, Chiara, Federica Pirrone, Mariangela Albertini, Angelo Gazzano, and Silvana Diverio. "Familiarity and Interest in Working with Livestock Decreases the Odds of Having Positive Attitudes towards Non-Human Animals and Their Welfare among Veterinary Students in Italy." Animals 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8090150.

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We investigated the attitudes of veterinary students towards animals and their welfare in Italy. Regression analyses revealed predictors that are significant in differentiating students’ scoring tendency based on their gender, familiarity, and intention to work with a specific animal species, type of diet, and membership in an animal rights association. Female students, who were mostly familiar with pets and aspired to work with species other than livestock, following an animal-free diet and being a member of an animal rights association, had a significantly greater odds of having a high Animal Attitude Scale score (AAS), i.e., very positive attitude towards animals, versus a less positive attitude. Conversely, the familiarity with livestock and preference for working with livestock significantly increased the odds of a low AAS. Overall, students considered all of the Brambell Report’s Five Freedoms important for animal welfare protection. However, students scored higher for companion animals than for livestock, particularly regarding the freedom to express normal behaviour and the absence of fear and distress. This study suggests that veterinary students place less importance on the psychological aspects of welfare for livestock, and there is a tendency for students who are mostly familiar, or aspire to work, with livestock to have a less positive attitude towards non-human animals and their welfare. These findings should be considered within the veterinary educational curriculum due to their potential impact on animal welfare.

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Leon, Andres Felipe, Jorge Alberto Sanchez, and Marlyn H. Romero. "Association between Attitude and Empathy with the Quality of Human-Livestock Interactions." Animals 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081304.

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The human-animal interactions are a key component of human and animal welfare. The quality of this interaction can therefore be assessed by measuring the reaction response of the animals to the handler’s behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between attitude and empathy towards the animals with the quality of human-livestock interactions. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether the quality of cattle handling deteriorates as the working day progresses. A total of 18 livestock handlers and 1514 Colombian commercial Zebu steers were evaluated. A questionnaire pack consisting of 50 questions regarding demographic information, attitude and empathy characteristics was applied, using a structured interview. Each handlers’ responses to positive and negative attitude and empathy questions were calculated to produce a composite score. Observations of human-animal interactions were made at three times during the day (5:00, 7:00 and 9:00), each observation lasting 30 min. The handlers had an average age of 39.4 ± 3.4 y (range = 18–66 y), with little schooling but a lot of experience in the trade (17.13 ± 14.21 y). During handling, hitting, prodding and hand raising predominated over other actions (p < 0.05), and in response, the cattle behaved by freezing and running. Significant differences were found in the interactions used by handlers depending on the time of day (p < 0.05). The empathy total score ranged from 20 to 100, and the attitude total score between 24 and 120. The average attitude and empathy scores for handlers were 85.05 ± 6.92 (mean ±SD; range, 73–97) and 74.61 ± 4.72 (mean ±SD; range, 65–83), respectively. It has been concluded that there is an association between handlers’ attitudes and empathy towards animals and the quality of human-animal interaction during pre-slaughter.

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Templer, Donald I., Lynette Bassman, Christine Szostak, Rhoda Myra Graces-Bacsal, Hiroko Arikawa, and Anne Petrovich. "CONSTRUCTION AND PARTIAL VALIDATION OF AN ANIMAL USE INVENTORY." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2013): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/13.07.57.

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A 78-item Animal Use Inventory was constructed. Previous animal attitude scales have centered on affection, bonding, companion animal ownership, animal-human continuity, and general attitudes toward animals, but not use of animals. The present inventory has six scales: Sports and Entertainment, Hunting, Working and Service, Research, Fur, and Loving and Affection. Men scored higher on the Hunting, Research, Entertainment, and Service scales. National Rifle Association members scored higher than animal protection society members on the Hunting and Fur scales. In general, the scales correlated positively with each other but negatively with the Loving and Affection scale. Nevertheless, caution was urged because of the unimpressive Cronbach’s alphas on some of the scales. Further development is recommended. Key words: animal use, ethnicity, gender, scales, hunting, companionship, work, food.

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Williams, Gray A., and S. J. Hawkins. "Plant-Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 4 (November 1991): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400053492.

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A meeting on Plant-Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos was held in Liverpool in September 1990, organized by the Sy sterna tics Association in their Symposium Series, and supported by the Marine Biological Association. The following six papers were first presented at this meeting:

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Kim, Jung-Soo. "Situation of the Korean Medical Association about Animal Clone." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 42, no. 9 (1999): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1999.42.9.826.

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Hodges, John. "Jubilee History of the European Association for Animal Production." Livestock Production Science 60, no. 2-3 (July 1999): 105–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00082-2.

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Smith, V. Anne, and David White. "Testing measures of animal social association by computer simulation." Behaviour 144, no. 11 (2007): 1447–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907782418259.

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AbstractTechniques used to measure patterns of affiliation among social animals have rarely been tested for accuracy. One reason for this lack of validation is that it is often impossible to compare sample data to the true distribution of social assortment of a group of animals. Here we test some methods of assessing social assortment by using a computer simulation of organisms whose assortment patterns were under our control. We created male and female organisms that moved in a direction that was based on a social bias parameter. As the weight of this parameter increased, organisms were more likely to move in the direction of others of their sex. We then created virtual observers to sample assortment of the organisms under different social bias conditions. Observers used three different techniques of measuring assortment. These were (1) group membership: noting all organisms that were associated in the same 'group', (2) nearest neighbour: noting the nearest organism to a randomly selected individual and (3) neighbourhood: noting all organisms near a selected individual. Neighbourhood was taken either by all-occurrence sampling or by focal sampling the associations of randomly selected individuals. Some techniques emerged as more sensitive than others under different conditions and biases were revealed in some measures. For example, the group membership method was biased toward finding significant assortment differences between the sexes when no difference actually existed. Nearest neighbour was insensitive to finding a difference in assortment between sexes when one existed. Focal sampling was less sensitive to finding effects than all-occurrence sampling. The computer simulation revealed properties of each technique that would have been impossible to detect in the field.

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Wulster-Radcliffe, Meghan. "American Meat Science Association Joins the Animal Frontiers Family." Animal Frontiers 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/af.2012-0065.

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32

Singleton, W. "Early history of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association." Veterinary Record 124, no. 12 (March 25, 1989): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.124.12.288.

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Roos, A. "European association for animal production: the first forty years." Livestock Production Science 22, no. 2 (June 1989): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(89)90107-3.

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Sagara, Naohiko. "Association of ectomycorrhizal fungi with decomposed animal wastes in forest habitats: a cleaning symbiosis?" Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 1423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-406.

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A new tripartite relationship among animals, fungi, and plants, based on formation of ectomycorrhiza and on removal of animal wastes, is described. In forest habitats where animal wastes such as urine or faeces or dead bodies, mainly of mammals, have been deposited, a particular group of fungi form reproductive structures successionally after the apparent decomposition of the wastes. This natural event can be simulated by application to the soil of urea, aqueous ammonia, or nitrogen compounds that release ammonia on decomposition. Both field observations and simulation experiments show that, when these events take place in forests of ectomycorrhizal trees, ectomycorrhizal fungi fruit during the late phase in the succession. Ectomycorrhizas are in fact observed in the soils colonized by these fungi. Among these fungi, Hebeloma spp., Laccaria spp., and a few others colonize commonly in various waste sites, while Hebeloma radicosum colonizes specifically in moles’ deserted middens (latrines) near their nests. The animals involved here as waste depositors or cadavers seem not to feed on the fungi and the plants but may depend on them for cleaning their own habitats, since mycorrhizas should readily remove products derived from wastes. The tripartite relationship described may be viewed as a cleaning symbiosis. Key words: animal waste, ammonia, postputrefaction fungi, Hebeloma, ectomycorrhiza, cleaning symbiosis.

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Flynn, Clifton. "Acknowledging the "Zoological Connection": A Sociological Analysis of Animal Cruelty." Society & Animals 9, no. 1 (2001): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853001300109008.

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AbstractSociologists have largely ignored the role of animals in society. This article argues that human-animal interaction is a topic worthy of sociological consideration and applies a sociological analysis to one problematic aspect of human-animal relationships - animal cruelty. The article reformulates animal cruelty, traditionally viewed using a psychopathological model, from a sociological perspective.The article identifies social and cultural factors related to the occurrence of animal cruelty. Ultimately, animal cruelty is a serious social problem that deserves attention in its own right, not just because of its association with human violence.

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Yang, Wenqian, Yanbo Yang, Cecheng Zhao, Kun Yang, Dongyang Wang, Jiajun Yang, Xiaohui Niu, and Jing Gong. "Animal-ImputeDB: a comprehensive database with multiple animal reference panels for genotype imputation." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. D1 (October 4, 2019): D659—D667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz854.

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Abstract Animal-ImputeDB (http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/Animal_ImputeDB/) is a public database with genomic reference panels of 13 animal species for online genotype imputation, genetic variant search, and free download. Genotype imputation is a process of estimating missing genotypes in terms of the haplotypes and genotypes in a reference panel. It can effectively increase the density of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and thus can be widely used in large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using relatively inexpensive and low-density SNP arrays. However, most animals except humans lack high-quality reference panels, which greatly limits the application of genotype imputation in animals. To overcome this limitation, we developed Animal-ImputeDB, which is dedicated to collecting genotype data and whole-genome resequencing data of nonhuman animals from various studies and databases. A computational pipeline was developed to process different types of raw data to construct reference panels. Finally, 13 high-quality reference panels including ∼400 million SNPs from 2265 samples were constructed. In Animal-ImputeDB, an easy-to-use online tool consisting of two popular imputation tools was designed for the purpose of genotype imputation. Collectively, Animal-ImputeDB serves as an important resource for animal genotype imputation and will greatly facilitate research on animal genomic selection and genetic improvement.

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Chilvers, B. Louise, and Peter J. Corkeron. "Association patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Point Lookout, Queensland, Australia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-075.

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The social structure of animal communities is usually measured through interactions or associations of individuals within the community. However, investigating and identifying association patterns for large communities of social animals can be difficult, given the logistical difficulties of identifying a large number of individuals within a given area and time period. In this study, over 550 individuals were identified within a large community of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) sampled intensively during the winters of 1998 and 1999 off Point Lookout, Queensland, Australia. Association patterns within this community were analysed using the half-weight index of association, including seven criteria for selecting individuals for inclusion in the analysis. Selection criteria were based on the number of times an individual was sighted during the entire study period. Overall, the community showed a highly fluid association pattern, with only two selection criteria showing association patterns that differed significantly from random. This type of association pattern is commonly reported for large communities of cetaceans. However, without the inclusion of other population information such as estimates of the proportion of identifiable individuals in the community and of community size, it appears that association patterns for these large communities may not be accurately assessed.

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Wood, A. D., K. Howard, A. L. Mills, and P. E. V. Williams. "Total Enterobacteriaceae counts as an indicator of animal feedingstuffs hygiene." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004804.

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Bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae enter the animal feed chain as normal contaminants of raw materials used in the manufacture of animal feeds. The family Enterobacteriaceae encompasses 30 established genera, including Salmonella spp, Escherichia spp, Shigella spp and Yersinia spp. Many of the genera exhibit pathogenicity towards man, animals, insects and plants and many of the pathogenic forms produce toxins. A number of the genera in this family occur regularly in association with animals; they are found as indigenous members of the gut microflora where they may either produce no harmful effects, or are capable of causing disease in both endothermic and ectothermic animals. There is a recognised association between the risk of isolation of salmonella and degree of Enterobacteriaceae contamination (Veldman et al. 1995). This has led to the consideration of recording Enterobacteriaceae contamination levels in feed stuffs as an indicator of feed hygiene and potential limits to the degree of contamination being set by the major retailers. This paper sets out data gathered from the routine analysis of feed raw materials examined for Enterobacteriaceae contamination.

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Schang, Marcelo J., and Julian E. Melo. "Association News." World's Poultry Science Journal 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043933909000555.

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Pym, Bob. "Association News." World's Poultry Science Journal 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004393390900066x.

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"WORLD SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION." Journal of Small Animal Practice 26, no. 7 (July 1985): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02218.x.

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"AUSTRALIAN SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION." Journal of Small Animal Practice 26, no. 7 (July 1985): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02220.x.

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"WORLD SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION." Journal of Small Animal Practice 27, no. 5 (May 1986): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1986.tb02148.x.

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"BRITISH SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION." Journal of Small Animal Practice 27, no. 1 (January 1986): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1986.tb02242.x.

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"WORLD SMALL ANIMAL VETERINARY ASSOCIATION." Journal of Small Animal Practice 29, no. 6 (June 1988): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1988.tb02300.x.

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"European association for animal production." Livestock Production Science 16, no. 3 (April 1987): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(87)90046-7.

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"Guidelines for the care of laboratory animals in transit: Laboratory animal breeders association of great britain limited (LABA) and Laboratory animal science association (LASA)." Laboratory Animals 27, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367793780810414.

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"Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour." Animal Behaviour 41, no. 5 (May 1991): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80363-x.

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"Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour." Animal Behaviour 39, no. 4 (April 1990): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80399-9.

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"Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour." Animal Behaviour 41, no. 2 (February 1991): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80490-7.

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