Academic literature on the topic 'Angola – Population – History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Angola – Population – History"
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Vos, Jelmer, and Paulo Teodoro de Matos. "The Demography of Slavery in the Coffee Districts of Angola, c. 1800–70." Journal of African History 62, no. 2 (July 2021): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000396.
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AbstractThis article uses demographic data from nineteenth-century Angola to evaluate, within a West Central African setting, the widely accepted theory that sub-Saharan Africa's integration within the Atlantic world through slave and commodity trading caused significant transformations in slavery in the subcontinent. It specifically questions, first, whether slaveholding became more dominant in Angola during the last phase of the transatlantic slave trade; second, whether Angolan slave populations were predominantly female; and third, whether slavery in Angola expanded further during the cash crop revolution that accompanied the nineteenth-century suppression of the Atlantic slave trade. Besides making a significant contribution to understanding the demographic context of slavery in the era of abolition, the article aims to display ways in which historians can use the population surveys the Portuguese Empire carried out in Africa from the late eighteenth century.
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CERÍACO, LUIS M. P., MATTHEW P. HEINICKE, KELLY L. PARKER, MARIANA P. MARQUES, and AARON M. BAUER. "A review of the African snake-eyed skinks (Scincidae: Panaspis) from Angola, with the description of a new species." Zootaxa 4747, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.3.
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The genus Panaspis in Angola is represented by four species, most of them part of taxonomically and nomenclaturally challenging species-complexes. We present a taxonomic revision of the group in the region and describe one new species, Panaspis mocamedensis sp. nov., endemic to the lowland areas of the Namibe province, southwestern Angola. Phylogenetic analysis using a combination of mitochondrial (16S, cytb) and nucleares (RAG1, PDC) markers, as well as morphological and meristic data support the recognition of the new species. In addition, these data support the presence of nominotypical Panaspis cabindae, P. wahlbergi and P. maculicollis in Angola. Reexamination of the Angolan population of P. breviceps was based on morphological analysis, as no molecular data from Angola is available for this species. According to our results, this population likely represents the nominotypical form, but due to its complex taxonomic and nomenclatural history and the lack of molecular data, this population needs to be reconsidered when molecular data become available. The description of a new species and revision of the Angolan Panaspis contributes to a better understanding of the true species richness of the Angolan herpetofauna, as well as to understanding the major biogeographic patterns of the region. A key to Angolan Panaspis species is also presented.
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Cahen, Michel. "À la recherche de l’historicité de l’Unita." Social Sciences and Missions 28, no. 3-4 (2015): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02803008.
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A certain historiography of Unita, the main Angolan rebellion fighting against the MPLA regime between 1975 and 2002, presents this movement as the natural product of an ethnic (ovimbundu) and religious (American congregationnalism) maturation in the central Highlands of Angola. Didier Péclard, in his book Les incertitudes de la nation en Angola. Aux racines sociales de l’Unita, deconstructs this argument methodically. He does not deny or underplay ethnic and religious factors, but he studies them in the longue durée, thus avoiding any teleological approach. It is not because Unita took root among the umbundu population and gained important support from a section of the American congregationalist church after 1975 that we can say that this destined to happen. Thereafter Didier Péclard offers us a fine historical sociology of politics which offers an excellently textured contribution to the history of Angola and, more specifically yet, of Unita: one of the Angolan liberation movements which remains the least studied.
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BRINKMAN, INGE. "WAR, WITCHES AND TRAITORS: CASES FROM THE MPLA'S EASTERN FRONT IN ANGOLA (1966–1975)." Journal of African History 44, no. 2 (July 2003): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008368.
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Accusations, trials and executions of witches and sell-outs frequently occurred at the MPLA's Eastern Front in Angola (1966–75). These events do not fit the general self-portrayal of the MPLA as a socialist, secular movement that was supported by the Angolan population without recourse to force. The people interviewed, mostly rural civilians from south-east Angola who lived under MPLA control, suggested many links between treason and witchcraft, yet at the same time differentiated between these accusations. Witchcraft cases were often initiated by civilian families and the accused were mostly people who had a long-standing reputation of being a witch. While the MPLA leadership was often suspicious of the accusations of witchcraft, many civilians regarded the trials of witches as more legitimate than those of treason. Civilians held that the accusation of treason was often used by the guerrillas to get rid of political or personal rivals and/or to control the population. The accusations showed few patterns and cannot be interpreted as deliberate attempts to overcome structural forms of domination, of chiefs over followers, men over women or old over young.
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Vos, Jelmer. "Work in Times of Slavery, Colonialism, and Civil War: Labor Relations in Angola from 1800 to 2000." History in Africa 41 (April 28, 2014): 363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.8.
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AbstractIn Angola, a trend towards labor commodification, set in motion under the impact of the nineteenth-century produce trade and colonial rule, has been reversed in the decades since independence. Angolans have always worked mainly in the reciprocal sphere, but with the growing commercialization of the economy after the abolition of the slave trade, self-employment has also become a constant in Angolan labor history. By 2000, the rural population was thrown back to subsistence farming, while the larger part of the urban population has tried to survive by self-employment in the informal economy. Wage labor, widespread under colonialism, has become less common.
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Brinkman, Inge. "Ways of Death: Accounts of Terror from Angolan Refugees in Namibia." Africa 70, no. 1 (February 2000): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.1.1.
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AbstractIn their accounts of the war in Angola, refugees from south-eastern Angola who now live in Rundu (Namibia) draw a distinction between warfare in the past and the events that happened in their region of origin after Angolan independence in 1975. Although they process their experiences through recounting history, these refugees maintain that the incidence of torture, mutilation and massive killing after 1975 has no precedent in the area's history and forms an entirely new development. This article investigates the reasons for this posited modernity of killing, torture and mutilation. The placement of the recent events outside local history is shown to represent an expression of outrage, anger and indignation at the army's treatment of the civilian population during the recent phase of the war. The outrage not only concerns the scale of the killing, torture and mutilation but is also linked with the issue of agency. The informants accuse UNITA army leaders in particular of wanton disregard for the lives and livelihood of their followers. They furthermore maintain that UNITA ordered ordinary soldiers to take part in killings which released powers the soldiers were unable to handle.
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Heywood, Linda, and John Thornton. "African Fiscal Systems as Sources for Demographic History: the Case of Central Angola, 1799–1920." Journal of African History 29, no. 2 (July 1988): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023641.
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In evaluating statistical information found in reports of European travellers, historians have not paid sufficient attention to the possibility that African states possessed reasonably competent fiscal systems. This is demonstrated by a study of the demographic information about the central highlands of Angola collected in the 1850s by the Hungarian traveller Lázló Magyar, who probably used oral fiscal records about the numbers of villages in the area to make a detailed series of population estimates.Our study of the population data left by Magyar suggests that it is reliable and can be used to show population trends in central Africa from 1800 to 1900. Population appears to have increased rapidly in the central highlands during this period, probably because of the importation of slaves, while it decreased dramatically after 1850 in the lands of the Lunda empire to the east.
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Brinkman, Inge. "Town, village and bush: war and cultural landscapes in south-eastern Angola (1966-2002)." Afrika Focus 25, no. 2 (February 25, 2012): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02502004.
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In most of the literature on the subject, urban and rural areas are presented as real physical entities that are geographically determined. Obviously such an approach is important and necessary, but in this contribution I want to draw attention to ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural’ as ideas, as items of cultural landscape rather than as physical facts. This will result both in a history of ideas and a social history of the war in Angola as experienced by civilians from the south-eastern part of the country. The article is based on a case-study that deals with the history of south-east Angola, an area that was in a state of war from 1966 to 2002. In the course of the 1990s I spoke with immigrants from this region who were resident in Rundu, Northern Namibia, mostly as illegal refugees. In our conversations the immigrants explained how the categories ‘town’ and ‘country’ came into being during colonialism and what changes occurred after the war started. They argued that during the war agriculture in the countryside became well-nigh impossible and an opposition between ‘town’ and ‘bush’ came into being that could have lethal consequences for the civilian population living in the region. This case-study on south-east Angola shows the importance of a historical approach to categories such as ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ as such categories may undergo relatively rapid change – in both discourse and practice.
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Teixeira, Valéria Maria Borges. "Henrique de Carvalho: um explorador português em terras angolanas no século XIX." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 20, no. 27 (December 31, 2000): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.20.27.223-238.
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<p>Este texto examina a literatura de viagem de Henrique de Carvalho, procurando observar as motivações sóciopolíticas que redundaram na expedição portuguesa às terras lundas e na escritura de <em>Ethnografia e História Tradicional dos Povos da Lunda (Expedição Portugueza ao Muatiânvua 1884-1888). </em>O relato do explorador e seu testemunho histórico de cunho positivista sobre a região e a população do nordeste angolano, Lunda, obedecem aos interesses colonizadores portugueses na demarcação dos limites territoriais da colônia de Angola. A análise da concepção do viajante a respeito da África revela uma visão eurocêntrica, que reafirma a idéia de que o africano era incapaz de produzir História.</p> <p>This text examines the travel literature by Henrique de Carvalho, trying to observe the socio-political motivations which resulted in the Portuguese expedition to the lundas territory and in the writing of <em>Ethnografia e História Tradicional dos Povos da Lunda (Expedição Portugueza ao Muatiânvua 1884-1888). </em>The explorer’s account and his historical testimony of a positivist nature about the region and the population of the Angolan northeast, Lunda, obey the Portuguese settlers’ interest in defining the bordering limits of the colony of Angola. The analysis of the traveler’s conception about Africa reveals an eurocentric vision which reaffirms the idea that the African was incapable of producing History.</p>
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Curto, José C. "Sources for the pre-1900 population history of sub-saharan Africa : the case of Angola, 1773-1845." Annales de démographie historique 1994, no. 1 (1994): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/adh.1994.1876.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Angola – Population – History"
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Richardson, Timothy John. "The taxonomy, life-history and population dynamics of blacktail, Diplodus Capensis (Perciformes: Sparidae), in southern Angola." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005170.
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The blacktail, Diplodus capensis, is an inshore sparid fish distributed from Mozambique to Angola. This species forms an important component of coastal fisheries within its distribution, one being the subsistence handline fishery in southern Angola. With this fishery being critically important to the livelihoods of local communities, a biological study and stock assessment was conducted to provide information for the management of this species in southern Angola. However, with molecular evidence suggesting that the Benguela current may have separated the southern African populations of many inshore fish species over two million years ago, a morphological, taxonomic analysis was considered necessary to first investigate whether there was evidence for allopatry in this species. A total of 46 morphometric measurements and 18 counts were carried out on specimens collected from various locations in southern Angola and South Africa. Results were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and the significance of clusters was tested using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). Biological samples of D. capensis were collected monthly from an unexploited area from April 2008 to March 2009. Additional biological samples were collected from the subsistence fishers in an exploited area during May, June and December 2009. Standard biological laboratory techniques were employed for the lifehistory comparison between the exploited and unexploited area. A per-recruit analysis was conducted using the life-history parameters from both areas in order to assess the current status of the subsistence fishery and to investigate the potential short-falls of the per-recruit assessment approach. The morphometric comparison showed that there was not sufficient evidence for speciation between the southern Angolan and South African populations of D. capensis. There was, however, sufficient morphological evidence to suggest that these populations are separate stocks. This indicated that the existing reference points on which the management of the South African population is based are unsuitable for the Angolan population. Diplodus capensis in southern Angola is omnivorous, feeding predominantly on algae, barnacles and mussels. An ontogenetic shift from algae to barnacles and mussels was correlated with allometric growth patterns in their feeding apparatus. This species is a rudimentary hermaphrodite in southern Angola with peak spawning in June and July. The overall sex ratio (M: F) was 1: 4.7 in the unexploited area and 50% maturity was attained at 149.5mm FL and five years. Diplodus capensis in southern Angola exhibits very slow growth with the maximum age observed being 31 years (validated using mark recapture of chemically injected fish). Females [L(t) = 419.5(1-e⁻°·°⁴⁵⁽t⁻³·⁴ ⁾)] grew significantly faster (LRT, p < 0.05) than males [L(t) = 297.4(1-e⁻°·°⁷⁷⁽t⁻²·⁷⁾)], and females dominated the larger size classes and older age classes. In the exploited area, the length and age frequencies were severely truncated, the maximum observed age was greatly reduced (17 years) and the sex ratio was less female biased at 1: 2.2. Although there was no evidence for a physiological response to exploitation through alterations in growth or size/age at sexual maturity between the two areas, there was an increase in the proportion of small females in the exploited area, which may have been a compensatory response for the loss of large females. A combination of an underestimate of longevity, different estimates of the Von Bertalanffy growth parameters and overestimates of the natural mortality rate in the exploited population resulted in a 92% underestimate of the pristine spawner biomass-per-recruit (SBR) value. An assessment based on the actual pristine SBR estimate from the unexploited area revealed that the subsistence fishery had actually reduced D. capensis to 20% of its pristine SBR levels and highlighted the value of pre-exploitation life-history information for the application of per-recruit models. This study has shown that D. capensis in southern Angola displays life-history characteristics that render it susceptible to overexploitation, even at low levels of fishing pressure. The current lack of infrastructure and enforcement capacity in the fisheries department of Angola renders traditional linefish regulatory tools, such as size limits, bag limits and closed seasons, inappropriate. Therefore, suitably designed marine protected areas are recommended as the best management option for this species.
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Winkler, Alexander Claus. "Taxonomy and life history of the zebra seabream, Diplodus cervinus (Perciformes: Sparidae), in southern Angola." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012062.
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The zebra sea bream, Diplodus cervinus (Sparidae) is an inshore fish comprised of two boreal subspecies from the Gulf of Oman and the Mediterranean / north eastern Atlantic and one austral subspecies from South Africa and southern Angola. The assumption of a single austral subspecies has, however, been questioned due to mounting molecular and morphological evidence suggesting that the cool Benguela current is a vicariant barrier that has separated many synonymous inshore fish species between South Africa and southern Angola. The aims of this thesis are to conduct a comparative morphological analysis of Diplodus cervinus in southern Angola and South Africa in order to classify the southern Angolan population and then to conduct a life history assessment to assess the life history impact of allopatry on this species between the two regions. Results of the morphological findings of the present study (ANOSIM, p < 0.05, Rmeristic = 0.42) and (Rmorphometric = 0.30) along with a concurrent molecular study (FST = 0.4 – 0.6), identified significant divergence between specimens from South Africa (n = 25) and southern Angola (n = 37) and supported stock separation and possibly sub-speciation, depending on the classification criteria utilised. While samples from the two boreal subspecies were not available for the comparative morphological or molecular analysis, comparisons of the colouration patterns between the three subspecies, suggested similarity between the southern Angola and the northern Atlantic / Mediterranean populations. In contrast, the colouration patterns between the southern Angolan and South African specimens differed substantially, further supporting the morphological and molecular results. The distinct morphological divergence between the southern Angolan and South African populations was not reflected within the life history traits of both populations. A combination of methods, including length/age frequency analyses, adult sex ratios and histological analysis was used to determine that this species is a rudimentary hermaphrodite in southern Angola. Peak spawning season was observed between June and July. The overall sex ratio (M: F) was 1:1.52 with females dominating smaller younger size classes and 50% maturity was attained at 210 mm FL and 4.6 years. Females [L(t) = 287.5(1-e⁻°·¹⁸⁽t⁻²·⁸⁴⁾)] grew significantly faster (LRT, p < 0.05) than males [L(t) = 380.19(1-e⁻°·°⁶⁽t⁻⁷·¹²⁾)]. The higher maximum age of the southern Angolan population of D. cervinus (43 years) was older than that of South African individuals sampled in the tsitsikamma national park. The similarities in the life history of the two austral populations are probably a consequence of similar selective pressures in the similar warmtemperate habitats. Evidence to support the above comments was found in the feeding study which showed that the South African and Angolan populations were almost identical, with both populations feeding primarily on amphipods and polychaete worms throughout ontogeny. In contrast, the diet of their boreal conspecifics from the Mediterranean was different, where larger individuals tended to select larger, and more robust, prey items. The life history differences observed between the boreal and austral populations can be attributed to either sampling bias or environmental factors. Sampling biases included the use of different age and growth estimation techniques, while the environmental factors would include differential selective pressures most likely driven by different resource availability and exploitation. The present study provides crucial baseline life history information of a potentially exploitable species off southern Angola as well as information on the life history plasticity of the species. Unfortunately, the current lack of uniformity in the methods used to estimate life history parameters between studies conducted on the boreal and austral populations have complicated our understanding of the evolution of various life history trends in sparid fish. From a management perspective however, the results from the present study can be used to propose management strategies for an emerging trap fishery in southern Angola. Using a balanced exploitation fishery approach (harvesting up to the size-at-100% maturity), the size of the fish traps entrance was calculated based the morphological information from this and other small sparid species that are targeted and was estimated to be 62 mm.
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Bovendorp, Ricardo Siqueira. "História natural e ecologia de duas espécies de roedores simpátricas da tribo Oryzomyini (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) na floresta Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-27112013-111952/.
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Dentre os ecossistemas neotropicais, a Mata Atlântica é considerada um dos mais importantes hotspots mundiais. O presente estudo foi conduzido na Reserva Florestal Morro Grande - RFMG (23°39\'-23°48\'S, 47°01\'-46°55\'W), reconhecida pelo seu alto valor para a conservação e está localizada na faixa da Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa Montana, Planalto Atlântico do Estado de São Paulo. Presentes na Mata Atlântica, os pequenos mamíferos não-voadores constituem o grupo de mamíferos mais diverso do bioma, e dados recentes relacionados à representatividade ecológica sugerem que os Orizomíneos mais típicos, comuns e abundantes das florestas costeiras e de planalto no estado de São Paulo são Euryoryzomys russatus e Sooretamys angouya. Estes dados ainda indicam que E. russatus e S. angouya, espécies classificadas respectivamente como \"em risco de extinção\" e \"deficiente de dados\" no Estado de São Paulo, respondem diferentemente ao processo de fragmentação, mas não existem informações suficientes disponíveis de história natural e autoecologia para o melhor entendimento destas respostas ao ambiente. O presente projeto avaliou a estrutura populacional, a área de vida, o uso do espaço, a dieta e seleção alimentar exibida por E. russatus e S. angouya na RFMG. O presente trabalho demonstrou que a espécie E. russatus apresenta uma abundância maior do que S. angouya na RFMG e que a temperatura e a disponibilidade de frutos influenciam a variação populacional de E. russatus, enquanto que, para S. angouya, a variação populacional independe dos fatores bióticos (frutos e artrópodes) ou abióticos (temperatura e precipitação) avaliados. Foi verificado uma estratificação vertical no uso do espaço para S. angouya e E. russatus, já que S. angouya apresentou uma locomoção escansorial enquanto E. russatus se apresentou estritamente terrestre. O estudo sugere que a disponibilidade de recursos, o período reprodutivo e o tamanho do indivíduo são os principais fatores que afetam o tamanho de área de vida, o uso do espaço e a locomoção apresentada pelas espécies. Os resultados obtidos pelo estudo da dieta, demonstram de forma conclusiva que E. russatus seleciona alimentos de origem animal, e que S. angouya utiliza muito pouco, ou não utiliza, fontes de origem animal, mas sim fontes vegetais ricas em proteínas e carboidratos, como os frutos. Este estudo possibilitou a compreensão de estratégias de vida adotadas por E. russatus e S. angouya, o que permitiu uma análise comparada da história natural a partir de um contexto evolutivo de organismos que compartilham a mesma escala geográfica e temporal, o que é algo inédito dentro da tribo e da subfamília.The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the most important global hotspot among the neotropical ecosystems. This study was conducted at the Morro Grande Forest Reserve - MGFR (23°39\'-23°48\'S, 47°01\'-46°55\'W), located in the Dense Montana Atlantic forest, Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo, Brazil, which is known by its high conservation value. The non-flying small mammals are the most diverse group of mammals in the Atlantic forest and recent data suggest Euryoryzomys russatus and Sooretamys angouya as the most common and abundant species in coastal forests and highlands in the state of São Paulo. These data also indicate that E. russatus is classified as endangered and S. angouya as data deficient in the state of São Paulo red list, and these species respond differently to the fragmentation process. This project evaluated the population structure, the living area, the use of space, the diet, and food selection displayed by E. russatus and S. angouya in MGFR. This study demonstrated that the species E. russatus features greater abundance than S. angouya in the study area. Thus, the temperature and the availability of fruits influenced the variation of the population of E. russatus, whereas the population variation of S. angouya showed no dependence of assessed biotic (fruits and arthropods) or abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation). Vertical stratification was observed in the use of space between S. angouya and E. russatus, once S. angouya presented escansorial locomotion and E. russatus was strictly terrestrial. The study suggests that the availability of resources, the reproductive period and the individual overall size are the main factors that affect the home range size, the use of space and mobility presented by the species. The results obtained by the study of diet demonstrate conclusively that E. russatus selects animal origin and S. angouya uses very little or does not use animal food resources, choosing plant sources rich in protein and carbohydrates, such as fruits. This study brought a better understanding of the life strategies adopted by E. russatus and S. angouya, which allowed the comparison of natural history of organisms that share the same spatial and temporal scale under an evolutionary perspective, which is a completely new approach within the tribe and subfamily.
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COGHE, Samuël. "Population politics in the tropics : demography, health and colonial rule in Portuguese Angola, 1890s-1940s." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32117.
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Defence date: 30 May 2014Examining Board: Professor Dr. Sebastian Conrad (EUI/Free University, Berlin) Professor Dr. Jorge Flores (EUI) Professor Dr. Andreas Eckert (Humboldt University, Berlin) Dr. Philip Havik (Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisbon).
First made available online 20 January 2022
This Ph.D. thesis examines the colonial efforts aimed at increasing and physically improving the native population in Portuguese Angola from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. It argues that, throughout this period, these / thus far under-researched / efforts were diverse and inextricably linked to the pervasive idea of a demographic crisis: due to alarming reports on epidemic and endemic diseases, high infant mortality rates and mounting emigration flows, many colonialists feared that the native population was declining, and that this endangered both the economic development of the colony and the legitimacy of Portuguese colonial rule. While critically assessing this depopulation discourse and the role played in it by scarce but widely used demographic knowledge, my analysis focuses on the ideas, policies and practices that were conceived and implemented by colonial administrators, doctors, missionaries and scientists in order to 'stem the tide'. I pay particular attention to the colonial response to sleeping sickness from the late nineteenth century onwards and the establishment of a broader system of African healthcare after the First World War. I also look at colonial attempts to resettle the rural population into model villages, to reduce long-distance labour migration and to curtail emigration to neighbouring colonies. This study reveals that the impact of population politics in Angola often remained more modest than planned, insofar as their implementation was severely hampered by the 'weakness' of the colonial state and by the attitudes and actions of many Africans themselves. These last did often not approve of Portuguese goals and methods and sought to evade medical and administrative control. Moreover, this dissertation consistently argues that both the discourse of population decline and the particular policies conceived and implemented were not unique to Angola. They were embedded in and shaped by broader contemporary debates and practices that transcended colonial and imperial boundaries.
Books on the topic "Angola – Population – History"
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Censo populacional: Apontamentos e alguns subsídios referentes à sua realização em Angola. Luanda: Mayamba Editora, 2015.
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Yongye, Wirba Alidu. Survey of internally displaced populations in 10 selected camps in Luanda and Benguela Provinces, February 1995. [Luanda]: UNICEF Angola, 1995.
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Angel, Naomi. Fragments of Truth. Edited by Dylan Robinson and Jamie Berthe. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023173.
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In 2008, the Canadian government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to review the history of the residential school system, a brutal colonial project that killed and injured many Indigenous children and left a legacy of trauma and pain. In Fragments of Truth Naomi Angel analyzes the visual culture of reconciliation and memory in relation to this complex and painful history. In her analyses of archival photographs from the residential school system, representations of the schools in popular media and literature, and testimonies from TRC proceedings, Angel traces how the TRC served as a mechanism through which memory, trauma, and visuality became apparent. She shows how many Indigenous communities were able to use the TRC process as a way to claim agency over their memories of the schools. Bringing to light the ongoing costs of transforming settler states into modern nations, Angel demonstrates how the TRC offers a unique optic through which to survey the long history of colonial oppression of Canada’s Indigenous populations.
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Murphy, Clifford R., ed. A History of New England Country and Western Music, 1925–1975. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038679.003.0004.
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This chapter explores how various languages pervaded industrial centers, which led to New England undergoing an ethnic transformation from a mostly white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant (WASP) population to a mostly Irish, Franco, Italian, and Roman Catholic one. Emerging technologies such as the phonograph, motion pictures, and radio accelerated the spread into New England of African American jazz, which was heartily embraced by many in a region where blackface minstrelsy was enormously popular. There was a palpable tension throughout the region as newcomers and old Yankees alike struggled to retain traditional customs and languages. During this same period of pandemic crisis, New England was wracked by the stresses of interethnic and political conflict, as represented in the trial of anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti in 1921.
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Campanella, Edoardo, and Marta Dassù. Anglo Nostalgia. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068936.001.0001.
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Nostalgia has become a major force in global politics. While Donald Trump hopes to ‘make America great again’, Xi Jinping calls for a ‘great rejuvenation of the Chinese people’, and a majority of Russians still mourn the Soviet Union. But it is Brexit, with its idealization of a bygone era of full sovereignty, that epitomizes nostalgic nationalism in its purest form. Despite its romantic flavor, nostalgia is a malaise—a combination of paranoia and melancholy that idealizes the past, while denigrating the present. This epidemic of mythicizing national history is shaping politics in risky ways, fueled by ageing populations, shifts in the global order, and technological disruption. When deployed in the political debate, collective nostalgia is used as an emotional weapon, capable of mobilizing a nation towards illusory goals. Drawing on psychology, political science, history and popular culture, Anglo Nostalgia analyses the rapid spread of this global phenomenon, before focusing on Brexit as a case study. With the detachment of informed outsiders, Campanella and Dassù expose nostalgia’s great danger: the oversimplification of reality, leading to unprecedented political miscalculations and rising geopolitical tensions.
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Wood, Ian. The Roman Origins of the Northumbrian Kingdom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0005.
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The origins of Northumbria have received very much less attention than those of southern English kingdoms, for which Bede, the Historia Brittonum and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle preserve origin legends. By contrast there is no origin legend recounting the arrival of Angles or Saxons from the continent in the area north of the Humber. Moreover, the archaeological record suggests a far smaller influx of migrants to the North than to the South. The excavations at Birdoswald, however, suggest continuity through the fifth and sixth centuries, while the written and epigraphic evidence suggests that there was a significantly Germanic element to the Wall-zone population even before the sixth century. As limitanei, rather than comitatenses, these would not have been taken out of Britannia by Constantine III in 406. The Bernicii are likely, therefore, to have been largely formed out of a regrouping of forces already on the Wall before 410. Similarly, there are some indications that the core of the Deiri included groups already based in the York/Malton region in the late Roman Empire. The transformation of the remnants of the Roman army, which would have been partially Germanic, may well explain how an Anglian kingdom of Northumbrian could emerge, with very little in the way of immigration.
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Bailkin, Jordanna. Unsettled. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814214.001.0001.
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Today, no one thinks of Britain as a land of camps. Instead, camps seem to happen “elsewhere,” from Greece to Palestine to the global South. Yet over the course of the twentieth century, dozens of British refugee camps housed hundreds of thousands of Belgians, Jews, Basques, Poles, Hungarians, Anglo-Egyptians, Ugandan Asians, and Vietnamese. “Refugee camps” in Britain were never only for refugees. Refugees shared space with Britons who had been displaced by war and poverty, as well as thousands of civil servants and a fractious mix of volunteers. Unsettled explores how these camps have shaped today’s multicultural Britain. They generated unique intimacies and frictions, illuminating the closeness of individuals that have traditionally been kept separate—“citizens” and “migrants,” but also refugee populations from diverse countries and conflicts. As the world’s refugee crisis once again brings to Europe the challenges of mass encampment, Unsettled offers warnings from a liberal democracy’s recent past. Through anecdotes from interviews with former camp residents and workers and archival research, Unsettled conveys the vivid, everyday history of refugee camps, which witnessed births and deaths, love affairs and violent conflicts, strikes and protests, comedy and tragedy. Their story—like that of today’s refugee crisis—is one of complicated intentions that played out in unpredictable ways. This book speaks to all who are interested in the plight of the encamped, and the global uses of encampment in our present world.
Book chapters on the topic "Angola – Population – History"
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Babones, Salvatore. "The hiatus of history." In American Tianxia. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336808.003.0004.
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When Henry Luce famously called the twentieth century the "American Century," he strongly implied that it was the "first" American century (i.e., not the only one). Subsequent commentators have misunderstood Luce because they have failed to identify the relevant "width of a time point" for world-historical analysis. World-historical trends unfold over centuries, not decades. Demographic change is also slow but sure. China's low fertility rate means that China's population will soon by declining. By 2100 China may have roughly the same population as the Anglo-Saxon core of the American Tianxia. Francis Fukuyama's famous "end of history" is thus much more stable than he has subsequently maintained. The American Tianxia is the universal homogeneous state that Fukuyama once claimed was to be found at the end of history. The Pax Americana of the American Tianxia is very stable because it is based on personal incentives, not interstate relations. It constitutes a new, postmodern world-system, the millennial world-system, that is likely to last for several centuries.
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Billon, Philippe Le. "The Geography of “Resource Wars”." In The Geography of War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162080.003.0017.
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Competition over natural resources has figured prominently among explanations of armed conflicts, from Malthusian fears of population growth and land scarcity to national security interests over resources defined as “strategic” because of their industrial or military use, such as oil and uranium. Access to natural resources and the transformation of nature into tradable commodities are deeply political processes, in which military force can play a role of domination or resistance. Armed separatism within Indonesia and Nigeria, annexation attempts on Kuwait and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, protracted civil wars in Angola and the Philippines, and coups d’état in Iran and Venezuela have all incorporated important resource dimensions. Arguably, the radical Islamic terrorism that has affected the United States since the early 1990s is to some extent an oil-related “blowback”: U.S. military deployment in Saudi Arabia, criticisms against the corruption of the Gulf regimes, and ironically, part of the funding made available to terrorist groups. This chapter examines relations between resources and armed conflicts, with a focus on commodities legally traded on international markets (thereby excluding drugs, as well as water and land involved, for example, in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict) and on extracted resources such as oil, minerals, and timber, in particular. Beyond a simple reading of so-called resource wars as violent modes of competitive behavior, this chapter argues that resource exploitation and the resource dependence of many producing countries play a role in shaping incentives and opportunities of uneven development, misgovernance, coercive rule, insurrection, and foreign interference. This relationship, however, is not systematic: history, political culture, institutions, and regional neighborhoods, as well as a country’s place in the international economy, all play a part these relations. The incorporation of resources into an armed conflict has also specific implications upon its course through their influence on the motivations, strategies, and capabilities of belligerents. Military targets often consist of commercial business opportunities rather than political targets, while the cost of engaging adversaries may be calculated in terms of financial reward.
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Simpson, Thula. "Aftermath." In History of South Africa, 5–18. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197672020.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the finale of the Second Anglo-Boer (or South African) War (1899-1902), the conflict that pitted the British Empire against the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. It discusses the peacemaking leading to the Treaty of Vereeniging, in which the Boer Republics surrendered their independence. The chapter then considers the post-war reconstruction overseen by Lord Alfred Milner, Britain's High Commissioner for South Africa. This involved him seeking to restore the status quo ante in the agricultural and mining sectors, which required betraying the black African population, many of whom had remained loyal to Britain during the war. It also involved importing Chinese miners, a step that provoked a backlash that transcended the Brit-Boer divide within the white population. That backlash contributed to thwarting Milner's plans for political reconstruction, which centered on "Anglicizing" the white population prior to self-government. The chapter closes with the Natal Rebellion, and Chief Bhambatha's unsuccessful stand against the loss of Zulu independence.
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Abur, William. "Migration and Settlement of African People in Australia." In Human Migration in the Last Three Centuries [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107083.
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Australia is a country that hosts millions of migrants from different countries and continents. This chapter presents the migration history of African Australians and the settlement challenges encountered by these families and individuals. In the last two decades, there has been a growing number of African communities in Australia. African people migrate to Australia for many reasons, including job-seeking and civil wars caused by race, religion, nationality, and membership in particular social or political groups. In the 2020 census, over 400,000 people living in Australia recorded they were of African origin. This represents 1.6% of the Australian population and 5.1% of Australia’s overseas-born population. Most (58%) are white South Africans, but 42% are black Africans from sub-Saharan countries. Some people within these African populations did not settle well or adjust effectively to Australian society due to Australia’s predominantly Anglo-Saxon culture. Therefore, this chapter discusses migration and settlement issues faced by African community groups in Australia.
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Wright, Donald. "1. Beginnings." In Canada: A Very Short Introduction, 6–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198755241.003.0002.
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‘Beginnings’ traces Canada’s history of colonization by the French and then the British. During the establishment of New France, disease and death cut a swathe through the Indigenous population. After a final short battle, Britain’s victory over the French in the Seven Years War led to further remaking of the land by Great Britain and the formation of a Confederation, which is still contentious. Despite the risks of emigration and the challenges of working the land, Canada’s population swelled with thousands of settlers from France and the Anglo-Celtic diaspora, and then from other parts of the world.
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Fuller, Frank Robert, and Howard C. Smith II. "African American Cultural Values Parallel Contemporary American Values in Graduate School Administration." In Elevating Intentional Education Practice in Graduate Programs, 199–212. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4600-3.ch011.
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Throughout modern history, there have been attempts to divide communities in the US between groups as to point at and blame others. Worse still, some groups have preference towards contemporary American cultural values preferred over the values that represent minority populations. The status quo was to translate American contemporary cultural values as being white, angelo-saxon Protestant (WASP), primarily patriarchal populations or images as ideally preferred over those counter to this narrative, especially among minority groups. One can question whether contemporary American cultural values, for higher education, were any different within African American communities. We might appreciate the diversity of values and cultural influences a true American identity and diversity of opinions brings to being a stronger nation overall. African American cultural values towards education parallel contemporary values.
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Morgan, Francesca. "Diversification and Discontentment." In A Nation of Descendants, 112–37. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469664781.003.0006.
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This chapter, on the racial, ethnic, religious, and class diversification among genealogists that followed Roots (1976-1977), also stresses continuities in that history. While African Americans, American Jews, Indigenous people, Latinx populations, and ethnic minorities such as Irish Americans developed societies, instruction books, and periodicals on their respective specialties, and while libraries and archives adapted to newly diverse and larger numbers of patrons, descendants and genealogists who worked on more documented, Anglo white populations—such as colonial New Englanders, Founding Fathers, and English aristocrats—persisted in their interests. Features of genealogy practices themselves, such as the use of censuses and land records, reinscribed racial and class privileges, as did others’ cultural appropriation of Roots’s original meanings. Alex Haley’s own efforts to expand the accessibility of his own story aided this process of appropriation.
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Cooper, John. "Introduction." In Pride Versus Prejudice, 1–10. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774877.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the history of the entry of Jews into the medical and legal professions. In surveying this history, there are many factors to consider. Among them is the Jews' changing view of the prestige attached to each profession, the variations in their perception of the psychological and financial rewards to be gained from pursuing a career in medicine or the law, and the hierarchical structure of these professions. At the same time, just as England moved from being part of the British empire run by an elite contemptuous of immigrants, whom they viewed as inferior, so the Jews themselves imbibed new values. Furthermore, their class and status in today's multicultural society is no longer that of recent immigrants. Thus, this book sets out to explain how an Anglo-Jewish immigrant population from eastern Europe, mainly proletarian in character, which arrived in England and Wales between 1880 and 1920, transformed itself socially and economically in the course of three generations.
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Bolt, Neville. "Insurgent Memory and Narrative." In The Violent Image, 81–106. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197511671.003.0004.
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People experience memories in the form of stories. Chapter 3 traces the ‘continuity of vision and action’ around which Irish republicans built their own account of history over two hundred years of militancy––how each new political incarnation and successive generation, each rooted in a different set of problems and contexts, wove their struggles into a cohesive, historical trajectory. And how discontinuity was blended into a closely guarded continuity. Meaningful schema of historical struggle are more persuasive to a population than an ideology served up cold. We chart the path from Wolfe Tone to Young Ireland to the Fenians and onto the IRB in the Easter Uprising and IRA in the Anglo-Irish civil war, and more recently the Provisional IRA.
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"Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed." In Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed, edited by Heather M. Brown, Frederick J. Griffin, Eric J. Larson, and Gary N. Cherr. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569599.ch1.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—San Francisco Bay provides spawning and rearing habitat for California’s largest population of Pacific herring <em>Clupea pallasi</em>. This population provides a food source for other species and supports a valuable fishery for Pacific herring roe. Since the inception of the roe fishery in 1973, the California Department of Fish and Game has conducted annual surveys of spawning in San Francisco Bay as part of an ongoing assessment of population status and management of the fishery. The purpose of this paper is to document (1) regions of San Francisco Bay used by Pacific herring as spawning grounds over time, and (2) time periods in which spawning took place. Spawn data were analyzed by geographic region in the bay and by month for the period 1973–2000. During this period, we documented 269 spawning events from Point San Pablo south to Redwood City. Estimates of spawning adult biomass (fish that were not harvested by the fishery) ranged from 80,813 metric tons in 1981–1982 to 3,199 metric tons in 1997– 1998 (mean = 34,688 ± 19,325 SD). January was the peak spawning month, followed by December and February; small variations in this pattern occurred during some years. Overall, the majority of spawning took place in the north-central bay region (Point Bonita to Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, Angel Island, Point San Pablo, Berkeley flats; 55%) and the San Francisco region (Golden Gate Bridge to Candlestick Point; 34%), although it alternated between these two regions over time. In some years, considerable spawning took place in the Oakland–Alameda region (San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to Bay Farm Island). The largest spawns and peak periods of spawning may not contribute most toward the next generation of Pacific herring, due to differential mortality within the season. For this reason, all regions documented in this study are important spawning grounds for Pacific herring from November through March each year. A number of recent studies have furthered our understanding of Pacific herring early life history and the forces that drive year-class formation in San Francisco Bay. However, studies are especially needed that will improve our ability to adequately address the potential impacts of human activities on Pacific herring in this highly urbanized estuary.
Conference papers on the topic "Angola – Population – History"
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Koringer, C., R. Jäger, K. Huber, and K. lechner. "LEVELS OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA PECTORIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644453.
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Several groups have shown that fibrinolytic capacity is impaired in survivors of myocardial infarction, due to increased levels of the fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). In order to study the behaviour of PAI in patients with coronary heart disease, 180 patients with angina pectoris were investigated. They were 148 males and 32 females, ages ranging from 29 to 70 years (52.8 ± 8.2, mean ± S.D.). A sex- and age- matched normal population served as a control (n=105, age-range 30 to 69 years, 52.4 ± 7.9). PAI was determined by a functional titration assay, and its activity expressed as arbitrary units (AU). PAI levels were significantly (p <0.005) higher in patients with angina (24.3 ± 10.3 AU/ml, range 10.1 to 112.0 AU/ml) than in normals (20.4 ± 4.6 AU/ml, range 10.5 to 31.6 AU/ml). PAI levels were unrelated to sex or age, in both the patient and the control groups. As expected, plasma triglyceride levels were correlated to PAI in patients (r=0.19, p<0.01) and in normals (r=0.20, p<0.05). Patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction (n=114) had similar PAI levels as patients without infarction (24.2 ± 11.1 AU/ml as compared to 24.4 ± 9.6 AU/ml). It is concluded that PAI levels are elevated in patients with coronary heart disease, whether myocardial infarction has taken place or not.
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Suzzi, Nicola, Giulio Croce, and Paola D’Agaro. "Numerical Prediction of Dropwise Condensation Performances Over Hybrid Surfaces, Under the Action of Gravity and Vapor Shear." In ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2020-1075.
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Abstract A Lagrangian model following the history of every droplet belonging to an evolving droplets population, originally developed to simulate pattern evolution in the framework of in-flight icing phenomenon, is used in order to simulate dropwise condensation over different shaped micro-structured surfaces. Both the mechanical and the thermal energy balances are solved for every droplet, allowing to predict droplet velocity and condensing flow rate. Coalescence phenomenon is also implemented. The model in the present form is an evolution of the code presented at ICNMM 2019, introducing the effect of vapor shear, a physical model of the evolution of the dynamic contact angle during droplet growth and a prediction of condensing flow rate through the solution of thermal energy balance, thus taking into account the influence of the droplet size. Shared memory parallelization is also carried out decomposing the computational domain into different subdomains, allowing the efficient simulation of a larger number of droplets. Here, the model is validated and used to predict the heat transfer performance of hybrid condensation surfaces, both plane and curved, under the action of both gravity and vapor shear. Starting from literature proposals, several patterns, each characterized by a complex composition of patches with different wettabilities, are numerically investigated and the configuration ensuring the best heat transfer performance and liquid drainage is identified. The sensitivity of the solution with respect to the uncertainty on the estimate of some parameters, such as nucleation density, is also discussed.