Academic literature on the topic 'Anglo Irish truce'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anglo Irish truce"
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McMahon, Paul. "British intelligence and the Anglo-Irish truce, July–December 1921." Irish Historical Studies 35, no. 140 (November 2007): 519–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400005149.
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Conspiracy theories have always accompanied the shadowy and ambiguous interventions of British intelligence in Irish affairs. Commentators in Ireland often accuse British intelligence and security agencies of being stubbornly hostile to Irish nationalist aspirations and inclined to oppose, and even sabotage, official British peace initiatives This attitude has a long heritage and can be traced back to the Anglo-Irish treaty negotiations in 1921. There was a widespread belief in Irish nationalist circles that intelligence officers were exercising a baleful influence on British politicians: at one point during the negotiations Michael Collins angrily brandished a warlike British military intelligence document that had fallen into his hands and claimed that the army was working to destroy the truce.
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Polyakova, Elena. "Ireland During the War of Independence. From the Truce to the Treaty." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020639-0.
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The year 2022 marks the centenary of the formation of the modern, independent Irish state. The Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in December 1921 was crucial to its creation and political destiny, setting the direction of Irish state policy for a century and laying the foundations of modern Irish statehood. The treaty was signed after two years of Anglo-Irish war, in which the Republic of Ireland, proclaimed in 1919, had to defend its independence, when both sides found the will to declare a truce and agree to a five-month-long period of negotiations. The author examines the events that influenced the terms of the treaty, including the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, which provided for the creation of two Irish parliaments, for the South and the North, effectively dividing the country, and the complex and dramatic events between the truce and the signing of the treaty. Special attention is given to the positions of British Prime Minister David Lloyd-George and Irish republican leader Éamon de Valera on key issues of Irish sovereignty and territorial integrity, as reflected in their months-long correspondence. The peace treaty signed by Britain with the unrecognised Republic of Ireland was the starting point of its move towards genuine independence.
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Gannon, Darragh. "Addressing the Irish world: Éamon de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as a global case study." Irish Historical Studies 44, no. 165 (May 2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.4.
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AbstractWriting in Nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland, 1858–1928, Tom Garvin observed that ‘well over 40 per cent, perhaps 50 per cent, had lived outside Ireland for considerable periods … foreign experience was very important in the development of the leaders’. The impact of ‘foreign experience’ on leading nationalist revolutionaries, this article submits, pace Garvin, could have proved influential in the development of the Irish Revolution more widely. Between June 1919 and December 1920, Éamon de Valera toured the United States. From New York City to Salt Lake City, Alabama to Montana, the self-proclaimed president of the Irish republic addressed ‘Ireland’ in hundreds of interviews and speeches. Of these myriad public statements, his Cuban missive, notably, crossed national boundaries. Comparing Ireland's geo-strategic relationship with Great Britain to that of Cuba and the United States, de Valera's argument for an independent Irish republic was made in the Americas. How did de Valera's movement across the U.S. alter his political views of Ireland? How were presentations of de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ mediated across the ‘Irish world’? How did discourse on the Monroe Doctrine inform Anglo-Irish negotiations between Truce and Treaty? Exploring de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as global case study, this article concludes, ultimately, can shift the historiographical significance of ‘foreign experience’ from nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland to the flows and circulation of transnational revolution.
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Hopkinson, Michael. "The Craig-Collins pacts of 1922: two attempted reforms of the Northern Ireland government." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 106 (November 1990): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018289.
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The six months following the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 saw an appalling level of violence in Belfast and on the border, which threatened the stability of the newly formed Northern Ireland government. Official figures for the period between 6 December 1921 and 31 May 1922 listed seventy-three protestants and 147 catholics killed in Belfast and eight protestants and twenty-two catholics killed in the six counties outside Belfast. In that period two wide-ranging agreements aimed to reform the northern government and security system: they became known, somewhat inaccurately, as the Craig-Collins pacts, of 21 January and 30 March 1922. This article discusses the motivation behind the pacts and the reasons for their failure in a wide context, by giving equal weight to the attitudes of the British government and to opinion on both sides of the Irish border.The Northern Ireland government was established in 1920–21. It was unrecognised by the dáil government in the south and by much of the northern catholic minority. The province developed against a background of violence and upheaval, including the expulsion of catholic shipyard workers from their work in the summer of 1920; the dáil retaliated by boycotting Belfast goods. The period also saw increasing I.R.A. activity in the north during the latter stages of the Anglo-Irish war, and the five-month truce that followed it. Though the northern government was not a party to the treaty negotiations, only reluctantly accepting the granting of dominion status to the south, the months before and after the settlement greatly increased tensions in the north-east.
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Stunt, T. C. F. "Evangelical Cross-Currents in the Church of Ireland, 1820-1833." Studies in Church History 25 (1989): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840000869x.
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It is a commonplace to observe that the life of the Anglo-Irish community was profoundly altered by the Act of Union in 1800, but this was particularly true in its ecclesiastical effects. Whereas in the eighteenth century the antipathy between Protestant and Roman Catholic had diminished and even as late as 1824 the possibility of a union of the Church of Ireland with the Roman Church was seriously being discussed by older churchmen, the effect of the Act of Union was to isolate the Anglo-Irish. Reluctantly they had accepted the Act and now, dependent upon it for their survival, many of them took refuge in a ‘garrison mentality’ which invested their ascendancy with almost sacred connotations by which their community was transformed into a ‘faithful remnant’ with a mission to bring light and truth to Ireland.
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Lapidge, Michael. "The earliest Anglo-Latin poet: Lutting of Lindisfarne." Anglo-Saxon England 42 (December 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675113000057.
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AbstractIn a ninth-century manuscript now in St Gallen (Stiftsbibliothek, 254) are found three Latin poems in three different metres dedicated by a poet who names himself as Lutting, in memory of his master Bede who, according to the first of the poems, died in AD 681 (and cannot, therefore, have been the much better known Bede of Monkwearmouth–Jarrow). In the St Gallen manuscript the poems are transmitted alongside Cuthbert's Epistola de obitu Bedae; judging from the language of Bede's ‘Death Song’ which it contains, the Epistola was copied from a Northumbrian exemplar, and the same is apparently true of the three Latin poems. The fact that the names of Lutting and his master Bede are found near to each other in the Durham Liber Vitae raises the possibility that they were together at Lindisfarne; and detailed metrical analysis indicates that two of the poems follow Hiberno-Latin metrical practice in significant ways, which also points to the Irish cultural milieu of Lindisfarne. In an Appendix, the poems are edited for the first time, with translation and commentary.
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Peters, Swaantje, Peter Heiduschka, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, and Ulrich Schraermeyer. "Penetration of Bevacizumab into the Iris, Anterior Chamber Angle and Ciliary Body After Intravitreal Injection." European Ophthalmic Review 03, no. 01 (2009): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2009.03.01.36.
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Recently, it was suggested that the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab could be used in the treatment of rubeosis iridis. Therefore, we aimed to trace the penetration of bevacizumab into the anterior chamber after intravitreal injection of the drug. We found that intravitreally injected bevacizumab penetrates well and quickly into the anterior chamber angle, iris and ciliary body. The highest concentration of bevacizumab is present on days one to four after injection, with penetration into the iris appearing to be faster than that into the anterior chamber angle and ciliary body. These findings are consistent with the clinically described regression of iris neovascularisation one to three days after injection. Furthermore, we demonstrated progressive penetration through the tissues of the anterior chamber towards the sclera. Our study showed that the intravitreal application mode is suitable for obtaining an accumulation of bevacizumab throughout the vascularised tissues of the anterior segment. Intravitreal bevacizumab may be used as a supplementary treatment for rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma.
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Jackson, Alvin. "Unionist Politics and Protestant Society in Edwardian Ireland." Historical Journal 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 839–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013789.
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Like the ‘Tory in clogs’ of Edwardian Britain, the Unionist working man has generally eluded the historian of modern Ireland. Indeed, to some extent, the image of Irish Unionism, whether popular or scholarly, has been supplied by the apologetic biographers of the ‘great men’ of loyalism, and by the rhetoric of political opponents like Michael Farrell: at any rate the historiography of the movement is peopled with irredentist squires and Anglo-Irish peers, bowler-hatted Orange artisans – Engel's ‘Protestant brag-garts’ – and cynical industrial barons. The existence of a more popular Unionism is acknowledged, though only in a context (the militancy of 1912, the bravura of 12 July marches) when it may not be ignored: even so, as with an older scholarly attitude towards popular British toryism, there has been a tendency among historians to treat mass Unionism as a freak of progress, demanding apologetic explanation rather than sustained illumination. With the institutions of popular Conservatism now, after thirty years of historical research, a firm feature of the British historical landscape, the need to reveal something of the electoral base of Ulster Unionism is all the more apparent. This is particularly true of the rural hinterland of the loyalist movement which, even more than Belfast, has been the victim of neglect.
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Key, Newton. "The “Boast of Antiquity”: Pulpit Politics Across the Atlantic Archipelago during the Revolution of 1688." Church History 83, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 618–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640714000584.
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John Locke and many others noted the vibrant political commentary emanating from the pulpit during the Glorious Revolution. Preachers from the full confessional spectrum in England, and especially in Scotland, Ireland, and the colonies, used occasional or state sermons to explain contemporary upheavals from the perspective of God's law, Natural law, and Civil law. Most surprising is the latter, clerical reference to civil history and ancient origins, which preachers used to answer contemporary questions of conquest and allegiance. Clergy revisited the origins and constitutional roots of the Britons, Anglo-Saxons, Scots, and Irish, and deployed histories of legendary kings and imaginary conquests to explain and justify the revolutionary events of 1688–1692. Sermons of this revolutionary era focused as much on civil as on sacred history, and sought their true origins in antiquity and the mists of myth. Episcopalian preachers, whether Church of Ireland, Scottish Episcopalian, or Church of England, seem to have been especially inspired by thanksgiving or fast days memorialized in the liturgical calendar to ponder the meaning of a deep historical narrative. Scots, Irish, and Massachusetts clergy claimed their respective immemorialism, as much as the English did theirs. But, as they re-stated competing Britannic constitutions and origin myths explicitly, they exposed imperial rifts and contradictions within the seemingly united claim of antiquity. By the beginning of the next reign and century, state sermons depended more upon reason and less upon a historicized mythic antiquity.
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Coates, Simon. "The Construction of Episcopal Sanctity in Early Anglo‐Saxon England: the Impact of Venantius Fortunatus*." Historical Research 71, no. 174 (February 1, 1998): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00050.
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Abstract This article examines the manner in which early Anglo‐Saxon episcopal sanctity was shaped by the writings of Venantius Fortunatus, the prolific, and yet sometimes neglected, Italian hagiographer and poet who was to end his days as bishop of Poitiers. Firstly, the manner in which Fortunatus's works shaped the literary form of Anglo‐Saxon episcopal hagiography is examined. Secondly, the debt which the various Vitae of Cuthbert owed to Fortunatus is explored. Here it is emphasized that Bede's two Vitae differed from the earlier anonymous Life by their heavier use of Fortunatus's writings promoting the cult of St. Martin of Tours. It is also shown how Fortunatus's re‐shaping of the Martinian cult in the light of his own classical background as a hagiographer bears marked similarities to the manner in which Bede reshaped the Cuthbert cult in line with his own concerns. The article then turns to the much more developed use of Fortunatus's writings as a guide to the construction of episcopal sanctity which was made by Alcuin. It shows how Alcuin's strong emphasis on the urban background of the bishops of York was derived from the Gallic tradition. The article concludes by stressing that although knowledge of Fortunatus's works in early Anglo‐Saxon England is difficult to trace, they could have been known from Ireland where Fortunatus in particular had helped to shape the hymnody of the early Irish Church. However, given Alcuin's more extensive knowledge of the works, it is more likely that his own time on the continent ensured his richer knowledge of Fortunatus's works.
Books on the topic "Anglo Irish truce"
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Belfast Historical and Educational Society, ed. The Anglo-Irish war: Extracts from the red path of glory, With the IRA in the fight for freedom, 1919 to the truce. Belfast: Belfast Historical and Educational Society, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Anglo Irish truce"
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Lapidge, Michael, and Peter Matthews. "Vivien Anne Law, 1954–2002." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 124. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, III. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0009.
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Vivienne Law acquired a mastery of the field of late antique and early Medieval Latin grammar, her first task was to familiarise herself with the early medieval manuscripts in which grammatical texts were transmitted. This task necessitated constant travel to British and continental libraries in order to provide herself with transcriptions of grammatical texts; it also necessitated the acquisition of a huge collection of microfilms of grammatical manuscripts. Her work on these manuscripts soon revealed a vast and uncharted sea of unedited and unstudied grammatical texts, for the most part anonymous. A major component of her life's work was the attempt to chart this sea. Her earliest publications reveal a profound experience of grammatical manuscripts and a refusal simply to reiterate the opinions of earlier scholars. All these publications report new discoveries, such as previously unknown Old English glosses to the Ars grammatica of Tatwine, an early 8th-century Anglo-Saxon grammarian; or unsuspected aspects of the relationship between Anglo-Saxon and continental learning as revealed in the transmission of the grammars of Boniface and Tatwine; or the true nature of the jumbled and misunderstood grammar attributed to the early Irish grammarian Malsachanus.