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Academic literature on the topic 'Anglo-Dutch Convention of August'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Anglo-Dutch Convention of August"

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Frangakis-Syrett, Elena. "Implementation of the 1838 Anglo-Turkish Convention on Izmir'S Trade: European and Minority Merchants." New Perspectives on Turkey 7 (1992): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/s0896634600000510.

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In the last decades of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Izmir experienced tremendous economic growth, mainly as a result of growth in the world economy. In addition, the French Revolution and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars resulted in the collapse of French economic domination in the area. As a result, Ottoman minority merchants experienced an equally tremendous economic growth (Frangakis-Syrett, 1987, pp. 73-86). Britain replaced France as the principal trading partner of Izmir, while the economic growth of the port-city as well as that of the minority merchants continued strong. It was in this period of increasing commercial activity that the Anglo-Turkish Convention was signed between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire on 16 August 1838 to come into effect in western Anatolia on March 1839. The Treaty, which subsequently was signed by all the European States as well as the United States and the Ottoman Empire, aimed at removing obstacles to free trade in the Empire for the merchants of these states. It was to achieve that by removing an array of local or additional duties paid for the export of Ottoman goods or the import and circulation of all other goods, manufactured or otherwise, and by setting a fixed rate of five percent duty on imports and twelve percent on exports—nine percent on purchasing at the place of growth and three percent on exportation.
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Kill, Theodore. "Arctic Sunrise Arbitration (Netherlands v. Russia) (Perm. Ct. Arb.)." International Legal Materials 55, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.55.1.0001.

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An ad hoc arbitral tribunal convened pursuant to Article 287 and Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) delivered its award on the merits on August 14, 2015 in Arctic Sunrise (Netherlands/Russia). The award was unanimous on all holdings and included no separate opinions. In addition to establishing the Tribunal’s jurisdiction and admissibility of the claims, the Tribunal also found that Russia had violated its obligations under UNCLOS by detaining the Arctic Sunrise, a Dutch-flagged vessel, and the thirty people (Arctic 30) on board on September 19, 2013; by failing to comply with an earlier order on provisional measures; and by failing to pay its share of the arbitral expenses.
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Güçlü, Yücel. "The Uneasy Relationship: Turkey's Foreign Policy as Regards the Soviet Union at the Outbreak of the Second World War." Belleten 67, no. 250 (December 1, 2003): 949–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2003.949.

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In view of growing threat of the Axis powers, by the beginning of 1939 a security agreement with the Soviet Union came high on the list of Turkish priorities. Turkey would also co-operate with Britain in the Balkans and the Mediterranean. Ankara proposed a triangular Turco-Anglo-Soviet relationship. Turkey sought to search for the illusive Soviet connection to parallel its signing of mutual assistance agreement with Britain on 12 May 1939. But the Germano-Soviet Non-aggression Pact of 23 August 1939 upset the entire international balance and put Turkey into a delicate position. Nonetheless Ankara still considered that arriving at an accord with Moscow would not be incompatible with its engagements towards the West. Saracoğlu's mission to Muscow in the autumn of 1939 failed because of Russia's attempts to unilaterally amend the Montreux Straits Convention and to draw Turkey away from the West. During Saracoğlu-Molotov talks, Kremlin endeavoured to obtain a foothold at the Straits in order at once prevent others from commanding the warm water approach to its Black Sea ports and to place itself in a position to exercise a hand in Mediterranean affairs. Relations between Turkey and Russia thus entered into a new period of mutual distrust and tension.
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4

Steppler, Ulrich. "German Air Travel Tax (ATT): No Lessons Learned from the Dutch Ticket Tax." Air and Space Law 36, Issue 1 (February 1, 2011): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011006.

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On 26 November 2010, Germany’s Federal Council consented to the Parliament’s plans to introduce an Air Travel Tax (Luftverkehrsteuer/LuftVSt – ATT) by way of the new Air Travel Tax Act – (Luftverkehrsteuergesetz/LuftVStG – ATTA). The new law entered into force beginning of this year – on 01 January 2011. Regardless of the new ATT only taking effect as of this year, flights booked on or after 01 September 2010 departing on or after 01 January 2011 were already subject to the new tax, provided the tangible flight actually starts from a domestic German airport. Therefore, ATT is only payable once the trip from a German airport has actually begun, irrespective when the aircraft ticket was purchased (provided this occurred after 31 August 2010). By means of the ATT, the German Government endeavours to bring forward the expected earnings from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) in the year 2012 and onwards. Similar to European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), foreign carriers are subject to the new tax as well, which causes comparable concerns as regards customary international law and the Chicago Convention, for example. Actually the legal repercussions go beyond that since it can well be argued that the new tax is also a violation of the German Constitution and not in line with European State aid law, see Articles 107 and 108 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). During the political discussion prior to the cabinet’s decision, it has been indicated that the tax will disappear as soon as aviation is included into the EU ETS. The tax bill now stipulates that the expected revenues are Euro (EUR) 1 billion and that the tax rates can only be reduced in relation to the earnings from EU ETS. Therefore, a good German tradition seems to be upheld: a tax once established is meant to stay – if not challenged in a court of law.
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Matemu, Sylvester Anthony, and Damas Alfred Mashauri. "Transboundary water cooperation and conflict resolution in the Southern African region: influence of the 1890 Anglo-Germany Treaty." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2022): 2585–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n2-081.

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The availability, distribution and control of freshwater resources have been at the centre of the human story since the start of the Neolithic revolution roughly 12,000 years ago. With the advent of the modern nation state and its attendant emphasis on sovereignty, self-sufficiency and rivalry, it comes as no surprise that interactions between states over shared watercourses have at times been tense and conflictual. This fact was elaborated by the Ex- UN Secretary General; Kofi Annan, Message during the World Water Day on 22nd March, 2002. He warned that… “Fierce national competition over water resources has prompted fears that water issues contain the seeds of violent conflict. By the year 2025 two thirds of the world’s population is likely to live in countries with moderate or severe water shortages as demand for water approaches the limit of the available supply”. Water as a fugitive resource, respects neither political boundaries nor commonly accepted notions of fairness or equity, hence posed the most complex management challenges to water managers of today. In the SADC region, shared waters cannot be viewed in a purely national context due to its fluidity and the mobility of its nature. It is factual that, over 70% of the water bodies in the region are transboundary in nature. In terms of state practice, the concept of community of interest is commonly traced back to a French decree of 1792 dealing with the opening of the Scheldt River to Navigation. The position expressed in this decree was quickly adopted in a number of instruments concerned primarily with rights of navigation in international rivers, but also in some early agreements not restricted to navigational uses. Therefore, the lakes, and watercourses which form the frontier between the two states or which are situated at the territory of both or which flow into the said lakes and watercourses shall continue to be considered as “common’. In this regard one may wish to refer to the recent global instruments namely; the UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational uses of International Water (1997) which came into force on 17th August 2014 and the Convention on the Protection and Uses of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (1992) which came into force on 6th October, 1996 and further in 2016 became an official global legal framework for transboundary water cooperation. These instruments are regarded as a vital step in building a strong foundation for global principles on water management and governance. Legal agreements between states during the colonial era as well as post-independence in the Southern Africa region, have formed the bedrock of cooperative water resources management regionally. The Anglo Germany Treaty of July, 1890 (The Helgoland Treaty), had established an agreement between the colonial powers of Great Britain, France, Portugal, Belgium and Germany and their respective spheres of influence over the African nations aimed to establish borders between the nations. Interesting to note in the presence of scarcity of geo-information over the areas in question; the water bodies (Rivers and Lakes) were used to mark the lines of influence hence boundaries of the sovereign states of today. This chapter therefore, will provide an account of the influence of the 1890 Anglo – Germany Treaty (Helgoland Treaty) and international customary law in regard to conflict resolution and transboundary water cooperation in the Southern Africa Region (SADC). It will also examine some of available information as well as the historical background of boundary treaties; legal frameworks for cooperation; importance of Africa Union(AU) resolutions on the same, such as Resolution AHG/Res16(1) of July 1964 as well as resolution CM/Res.1069(XLIV) of 1986 and finally a conclusion.
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6

Faroqhi, Suraiya. "Introduction." New Perspectives on Turkey 6 (1991): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/s0896634600000327.

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It is customary to say that the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century prosperity of the Ottoman Empire was derived from its control of international trade routes leading toward Europe. From this perspective, the closing years of the sixteenth century are regarded as a turning point. When English merchants entered the Mediterranean and the Dutch established a monopoly over the Moluccan spice trade, the Ottoman state lost its dominant role in world commerce, particularly since Ottoman merchants rarely left the Sultan's domain, and therefore did not control the sources of their trade goods. Loss of customs revenue contributed to fiscal crisis, which in turn led to political turmoil as overtaxed peasants fled their villages (Lewis, 1968, p. 27 ff.). In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (or so it is claimed), world trade would have bypassed the Ottoman Empire entirely if it hadn't been for the transit trade in Iranian silk which continued into the 1730s, and a limited exportation of local grains and cottons, which did not become really significant until the high prices of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. From 1815 onward, the Ottoman Empire increasingly entered the orbit of industrializing Europe as a market for manufactured goods and a source of raw materials, and this state of affairs was made “official” by the signing of the Anglo-Ottoman convention of 1838.
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7

Noorthoorn, E., P. Lepping, T. Steinert, E. Flammer, B. Massood, and N. Mulder. "Symposium: Mental Health Law Differences and Coercive Measures Over Four Countries." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.993.

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In 2008, the UNHCR issued a convention on the rights of persons with disability. Since then, many countries were visited by the High Commissioner for Human Rights. In a number of countries, for example Germany and the Netherlands, mental health legislation was considered unsatisfactory and either regional variations in procedures or new legislation was drafted. In Germany, the final decision after different admission procedures is always made by a judge. In the Netherlands, detention on mental health ground with involuntary admission is decided by a Governmental administrator working for the local Major. In England and Wales, it is decided by three medical/psychiatric professionals. Currently, the Netherlands is drafting a law following the main principles of the Anglo-Saxon law. In Germany, all federal states are currently adopting their mental health laws to fulfil requirements of the Constitutional Court, which decided that coercive treatment is only admissible under very strict conditions after a judge's decision. Studies show the Dutch legislation is associated with higher seclusion rates, in numbers, and duration. Moreover, recent German findings show in a recent period when involuntary medication was not admissible, inpatient violence and coercive measures increased significantly. In this symposium, we discuss the several laws and regulations of four countries (Wales, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands), now and in the near future. Each presentation of a certain countries’ regulations is followed by a description of standard figures of the country, first by an expert in the respective country's law, and consequently by an expert in nationwide or regional figures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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8

Ruud, Marylou. "Episcopal Reluctance: Lanfranc's Resignation Reconsidered." Albion 19, no. 2 (1987): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050387.

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On 29 August 1070, the Norman monk, Lanfranc, was consecrated archbishop of Canterbury despite having recoiled at the prospect when informed of his appointment earlier that year. His alleged reluctance to undertake the business of the English Church is well known and accepted by Anglo-Norman historians. And the account that his compliance was forced only through the united persuasion of the king, the queen, his former abbot, Herluin of Bee, and the papal legate, Erminfrid of Sion, adds an element of unparalleled sincerity to his resolve. More than two years after his consecration, Lanfranc wrote a letter to Pope Alexander II reasserting his initial aversion to taking office: the foreign tongue and barbarous English inhabitants presented a greater challenge than he, personally unworthy and waning in vigor, wished to endure. Lanfranc then asked the pope to relieve him of his burdensome episcopal duties so he might return to the monastic life.Modern historians have equated this petition with his initial unwillingness to take office and have tacitly appended it to those humble actions usually associated with a monk bishop. Frank Barlow writes that Lanfranc had “suffered bitterly when he first went to England.” He infers from the resignation letter that all of the archbishop's passions “were diverted into conventional monastic virtues.” And Margaret Gibson advises that “No assessment of Lanfranc … can or should stray far from Lanfranc the monk.” Lanfranc had hesitated and been reluctant to accept Canterbury; therefore, the implication is that in 1072 he humbly wished to shed the office he had been compelled to enter.
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9

Nijenhuis, W. "J. van den Berg and P.G. Hoftijzer, ed., Church, Change and Revolution. Transactions of the fourth Anglo-Dutch History Colloquium (Exeter, 30 August-3 September 1988). E.J. Brill. Leiden, 1991. VIII, 210 blz. ISBN 90 04 09350 8." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 73, no. 2 (1993): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002820393x00238.

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10

Franz, Eelco, Michel M. Klerks, Oscar J. De Vos, Aad J. Termorshuizen, and Ariena H. C. van Bruggen. "Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli stx1, stx2, eaeA, and rfbE Genes and Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in Manure from Organic and Low-Input Conventional Dairy Farms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 7 (February 2, 2007): 2180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01950-06.

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ABSTRACT Manure samples were collected from 16 organic (ORG) and 9 low-input conventional (LIC) Dutch dairy farms during August and September 2004 to determine the prevalence of the STEC virulence genes stx 1 (encoding Shiga toxin 1), stx 2 (encoding Shiga toxin 2), and eaeA (encoding intimin), as well as the rfbE gene, which is specific for Escherichia coli O157. The rfbE gene was present at 52% of the farms. The prevalence of rfbE was higher at ORG farms (61%) than at LIC farms (36%), but this was not significant. Relatively more LIC farms were positive for all Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) virulence genes eaeA, stx 1, and stx 2, which form a potentially highly virulent combination. Species richness of Enterobacteriaceae, as determined by DGGE, was significantly lower in manure positive for rfbE. Survival of a green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli O157:H7 strain was studied in the manure from all farms from which samples were obtained and was modeled by a biphasic decline model. The time needed to reach the detection limit was predominantly determined by the level of native coliforms and the pH (both negative relationships). Initial decline was faster for ORG manure but leveled off earlier, resulting in longer survival than in LIC manure. Although the nonlinear decline curve could theoretically be explained as the cumulative distribution of an underlying distribution of decline kinetics, it is proposed that the observed nonlinear biphasic pattern of the survival curve is the result of changing nutrient status of the manure over time (and thereby changing competition pressure), instead of the presence of subpopulations differing in the level of resistance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anglo-Dutch Convention of August"

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Adolphi, Paul A. J. "Aspects of the Anglo-Russian convention of 31 August 1907 and British opinion /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ara239.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Anglo-Dutch Convention of August"

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France. Protocol amending the tax convention with France: Message from the President of the United States transmitting Protocol Amending the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the French Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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France. Protocol amending the tax convention with France: Message from the President of the United States transmitting Protocol Amending the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the French Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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France. Convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital: Message from the President of the United States transmitting convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994, together with two related exchanges of notes. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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France. Convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital: Message from the President of the United States transmitting convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994, together with two related exchanges of notes. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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France. Convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital: Message from the President of the United States transmitting convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the French Republic for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Paris on August 31, 1994, together with two related exchanges of notes. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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The future relations of the English-speaking communities: An essay read before the eleventh convention of the North America St. George's Union, at Chicago, August 20, 1884. [Washington: s.n.], 1986.

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Berg, Johannes van den, 1922-, Hoftijzer P. G, and Commission internationale d'histoire ecclésiastique comparée. British Sub-Commission., eds. Church, change, and revolution: Transactions of the fourth Anglo-Dutch church history colloquium, Exeter, 30 August-3 September 1988. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1991.

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Publishers, Museum. Notebook: The Anglo-Dutch Fleet in the Bay of Algiers in Support of the Ultimatum for the Release of the White Slaves, 26 August 1816, Nicolaas Baur 1818. Independently Published, 2020.

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Gardner, Hunter H. Pestilence and the Body Politic in Latin Literature. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796428.001.0001.

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Lucretius, Vergil, and Ovid developed important conventions of the Western plague narrative as a response to the breakdown of the Roman res publica in the mid-first century CE and the reconstitution of stabilized government under the Augustan Principate (31 BCE–14 CE). Relying on the metaphoric relationship between the human body and the body politic, these authors use largely fictive representations of epidemic disease to address the collapse of the social order and suggest remedies for its recovery. Plague as such functions frequently in Roman texts to enact a drama in which the concerns of the individual must be weighed against those of the collective. In order to understand the figurative potential of plague, this book evaluates the reality of epidemic disease in Rome, in light of twentieth-century theories of plague discourse, those of Artaud, Foucault, Sontag, and Girard, in particular. Pestilence and the Body Politic in Latin Literature identifies consistent features of the outbreaks described by Roman epic poets, charting the emergence of Golden-Age imagery, emphasis on bodily dissolution, and poignant accounts of broken familial bonds. Such features are expressed through Roman idioms that provocatively recall the discourse of civil strife that characterized the last century of the Roman Republic. The final chapters examine key moments in the resurgence of Roman plague topoi, beginning with early imperial poets (Lucan, Seneca, and Silius Italicus), and concluding with discussion of late antique Christian poetry, paintings of the late Italian Renaissance, and Anglo-American novels and films.
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Book chapters on the topic "Anglo-Dutch Convention of August"

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Jackson, Nicholas D. "The British in Seventeenth-Century Luso-Dutch Asia." In The First British Trade Expedition to China, 14–33. Hong Kong University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888754106.003.0002.

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An account of British ventures to the East in the late Tudor and early Stuart period. Relates and compares the East India Company’s and other British activities in Asia to those of the more powerful European imperialists, the Portuguese and Dutch. Describes the context and explains the origin of the Anglo-Portuguese entente, the Goa Convention of 1635, which facilitated the first visit of south China by a British (EIC) merchant ship. Concludes with an analysis of this first British ship, the London’s voyage to Macao and the Pearl River estuary in 1635.
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Wright, Neil. "The 12th-Century Renaissance in Anglo-Norman England: William of Malmesbury and Joseph of Exeter." In Latin in Medieval Britain. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266083.003.0003.

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How did the ‘12th-century Renaissance’ impact on Anglo-Norman authors? This chapter explores the responses of two highly accomplished writers, William of Malmesbury and Joseph of Exeter, to the literary tradition in which they worked (such as epic and satire): by alluding to and skilfully modifying Classical (particularly post-Augustan) and late-Antique models, they masterfully played on their readers' recognition and expectations of familiar conventions of historiography, hagiography, and poetics so as to innovate and entertain, and in this way created something distinctive and fresh for their contemporary audience.
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