Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Angle measure'
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1
Lhermitte, Julien. "Using coherent small angle xray scattering to measure velocity fields and random motion." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104825.
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The dynamics of cross-linked polymers under stress, such as those thatmake up rubber, are still not well understood. A combination of coherent xrayhomodyne and heterodyne techniques is used in order to measure fluctuations of the system when stretched. The combination of both techniques allows for the measurement of flow patterns, as well as the random nature of the system. After data analysis, the results show that the measurements successfully captured this flow information. The flow velocity was discovered to have a time-dependent nature similar to that of the stress-strain curve. After the flow velocity was extracted, the random nature of the system was analysed. This random motion was discovered not to be dominated by conventional diffusion, but some slower random process.La dynamique de polymères réticulés de stress, telles que celle qui compose le caoutchouc, n'est pas encore bien comprise. Une combinaison de techniques homodynes et hétérodynes de rayons x coherentes est utilisé pour mesurer les fluctuations du système, une fois étiré. La combinaison des deux techniques permet la mesure des régimes d'écoulement, ainsi que le caractère aléatoire du système. Après l'analyse des données, les résultats montrent que les mesures ont réussi à capturer cet information. La vitesse d'écoulement a été découverte de contenir une nature en fonction du temps semblable à celle de la courbe contrainte-déformation. Après la vitesse d'écoulement a été extraite, la nature aléatoire du système a été analysé. Cette motion a été découverte au hasard de ne pas être dominé par la diffusion classique, mais de certains processus aléatoires plus lents.
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Weiner, Stephen (Stephen Andrew). "Design of mechanical testing device to measure break angle of thin, stainless steel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32969.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).
Working with Gillette Corporation, an automated mechanical testing tool that bent a small flat piece of steel was designed. The design of the tool was an effort to improve upon previous generations of the same tool. It consisted of three main elements; a servomotor, connected to a torque transducer, which was connected to a break device. A thin piece of steel was loaded into the break device and the motor was activated, moving a flipper arm on the device which bent the steel. While bending this piece of steel, the torque transducer would relay torque and angle information to a computer. This information was collected and displayed in Excel as torque versus angle plots, which would show the moment at which the piece of steel was broken. This entire process was automated so that after loading the steel, one click of a button would run one test. Razorblades were primarily bent with the device until they would break, and for this reason, the measuring tool was called the 'blade break test.' The work consisted of designing a robust mechanical system coupling the three devices mentioned above in series. Code was written in Visual Basic that managed all the individual devices in the measuring tool, getting them to work together and linking them with a computer.
(cont.) A user interface was designed with engineers in mind, imbedding automated data collection and representation through Excel. Finally, a manual was created accompanying the device so other engineers could use, troubleshoot, and modify the 'break test.' The result of this project was the creation of a successful measuring instrument with full documentation and functionality.
by Stephen Weiner.
S.B.
3
Auffret, Thomas. "Mesure et juste mesure chez Platon." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010569.
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On examine ici deux concepts fondamentaux touchant la genèse et la structure du système platonicien, en proposant de les rapporter à deux modèles empruntés à la mathématique ancienne. Le premier est un postulat, usuellement désigné sous le nom d’axiome d’Eudoxe – Archimède, le second un algorithme de calcul : l’anthyphérèse. Tous deux ressortissent à la théorie mathématique développée par Théétète à la suite des travaux logistiques de Théodore ; il a semblé que leur articulation constituait le socle théorique de la réponse platonicienne à la thèse protagoréenne de l’homo mensura. On a suggéré de replacer cette dernière dans le cadre d’une polémique ancienne regardant la consistance du concept mathématique de mesure, dont la notion naïve fut remise en cause par la découverte successive des rapports incommensurables puis d’ensembles non–archimédiens : les angles mixtilignes. Cela impliquait de réexaminer les rapports possibles entre mathématiques et sophistique : on a choisi à cet effet l’exemple de la quadratrice d’Hippias d’Élis. Il convenait aussi d’envisager la liaison étroite qu’entretiennent la dialectique platonicienne et cette science métrétique rénovée que Platon nomme «juste mesure». On a tenté de montrer comment celle-ci pouvait informer certains procédés de celle-là, à partir de l’étude de quelques passages des dialogues qui jalonnent la dernière période de Platon. La théorie de la division appliquée aux Idées, comme l’analyse et la constitution des mixtes cosmologique, politique et individuel ont ainsi paru pouvoir être examinées dans le cadre de cette hypothèseTwo mathematical notions seem to structure Plato’s theory of measure. The first one is a postulate, usually known as the “Eudoxus axiom”, the other an algorithm called “anthuphairesis”. Both of them belonged to the mathematical theory developed by Theaetetus expanding Theodorus’ logistics. The main hypothesis of this work is that they constitute the core of Plato’s response against the Homo mensura thesis elaborated by Protagoras. We have thus proposed to replace Protagoras’ theory in the enlarged context of a serious crisis affecting the logical consistency of the mathematical notion of measure, provoked by the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes as well as non–Archimedean sets, exemplified by mixtilinear angles. This implied to examine anew the links between ancient sophistic and mathematics, and particularly Plato’s critics against Hippias’ quadratrix. It was also required to study the close relation between platonic dialectic and the new art of measurement exposed by Plato in the Statesman. Thus, by studying some passages mainly taken from Plato’s last dialogues, an attempt has been made to show how the higher art of measurement could inform dialectics. Plato’s theory of division, as well as the analysis and the generation of the mixed structures which constitute the universe, the city and the individual man have thus been tentatively reduced to this model
4
Splittstoesser, Riley Emiel. "A simple method for predicting dynamic lumbar motion segment angles using measures of trunk angle and subject anthropomentry." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302112152.
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Deshpande, Nandini. "Reliability and sensitivity of ankle proprioceptive measures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63292.pdf.
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Morier, Rita. "Dynamic joint mechanics as an objective clinical measure of ankle function." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61268.
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The purpose of the work contained in this thesis was to investigate whether experimental paradigms based on the system identification approach are an effective clinical assessment tool. This was accomplished by conducting two companion studies: a reliability study on a group of fifteen control subjects and a case study of an individual who had sustained a unilateral undisplaced ankle fracture. The data collected in both studies included ankle angular position, torque, and Tibialis Anterior and Triceps Surae electromyograms. From these data, measures of both static (e.g. range of motion) and dynamic (e.g. estimated elastic stiffness) joint function, were obtained.A number of clinically relevant variables (plantarflexion MVC, dorsiflexion MVC, range of motion, passive torque, K offset, low K region, and the intercept of the K-absolute torque relation) were shown to be reliable. In addition, the results of the case study demonstrated that it would be feasible to use these experimental procedures and analytic methods on individuals who have sustained orthopedic trauma. Finally, certain variables (the K offset, the slope and intercept of the K-torque relation, and a low stiffness region) appeared to be sensitive to the clinical changes associated with orthopedic pathology.
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Polavieja, Gonzalo Garcia de. "Geometric phase and angle for noncyclic adiabatic change, revivals and measures of quantal instability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325986.
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Linens, Shelley. "Determining Sensitive and Accurate Measures for Detecting Balance Deficits Associated with Functional Ankle Instability." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1922.
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The focus of this study was to determine the balance measures most sensitive and accurate in detecting balance deficits associated with functional ankle instability (FAI). Subjects consisted of those with a history of ankle sprains and resultant symptoms of giving way (N=17; Height=167.72±9.11 cm; Mass=67.81±12.29 kg; Age=23.35±3.62 yrs) and subjects without a history of ankle injuries (N=17; Height=168.16±8.32 cm; Mass=66.22±12.35 kg; Age=23.35±3.26 yrs). Data collection consisted of each subject performing static and dynamic balance tests. Static stability was assessed with force plate measures, the Balance Error Scoring System, foot lift test, and time-in-balance test. Dynamic stability was assessed with the Star Excursion Balance Test, side hop test, and figure-of-eight hop test. Significant receiver operating characteristic curves and therefore cutoff scores were found for the foot lift test (P=0.011; cutoff=4.84 foot lifts), time-in-balance test (P=0.020; cutoff=41.23 s), center-of-pressure velocity (P=0.026; cutoff=1.56 cm/s), anterior-posterior time-to-boundary standard deviation of the minima (P=0.054; cutoff=3.72 s), posteromedial reach direction of the Star Excursion Balance Test (P=0.039; cutoff=0.91 normalized to leg length) and side hop test (P=0.044; cutoff=12.88 s). The associated positive (≥2) and negative (≤0.05) likelihood ratios with each cutoff score indicated that changes in positive and negative posttest probabilities from the pretest probability of 50% were small, yet significant. Essentially, the significant change between pretest and posttest probabilities indicates that clinically relevant information was gained by conducting these balance measure because they quantified a high proportion of individuals with a positive test who have FAI and a low proportion of individuals with a negative test who have FAI. No significance was found for the Balance Error Scoring System (P=0.249), center-of-pressure area (P=0.547), anteromedial (P=0.134) and medial (P=0.125) reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the figure-of-eight hop test (P=0.117). In conclusion, we found the foot lift test, time-in-balance test, center-of-pressure velocity, anterior-posterior time-to-boundary standard deviation of the minima, posteromedial reach direction of the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the side hop test to be sensitive and accurate balance measures for detecting balance deficits associated with FAI. We suggest utilizing these measures and their cutoff scores to evaluate balance deficits associated with FAI.
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Forster, Shauna. "A bilateral electro-hydraulic actuator system to measure dynamic ankle joint stiffness during human stance /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80012.
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The role of the stretch reflex during upright stance remains unclear despite research that has been conducted to date. We have developed a bilateral electro-hydraulic actuator system to measure the dynamic joint stiffness of the human ankle during standing and help understand the role of the stretch reflex in the control of posture. The apparatus consists of two foot pedals that are each connected to an electro-hydraulic rotary actuator. Transducers were incorporated to measure the position and torque of each actuator, the angle of the ankle with respect to the foot plate, and the positions of the knee and hip. The experimental apparatus allows independent perturbations to be applied to each ankle. One subject was studied using the new apparatus and the results showed that reflexes are present during the perturbed standing task.
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Patwari, Neal. "Measured and Modeled Time and Angle Dispersion Characteristics of the 1.8 GHz Peer-to-Peer Radio Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32201.
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In an extensive outdoor propagation study, low antenna heights of
1.7 m are used at both the transmitter and the receiver to measure
over 3500 wideband power-delay profiles (PDPs) of the channel for
a peer-to-peer communications system. Rural and urban areas are
studied in 22 different transmitter-receiver links. The results
are used to characterize the narrowband path loss, mean delay,
root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and timing jitter of the
peer-to-peer wideband channel. Small-scale fading characteristics are
measured in detail by measuring and analyzing 160 PDPs within each
local area. This thesis shows the measurement setup for the
calculation of fading rate variance and angular spread and reports
the first known attempt to calculate angular spread from track
power measurements. New analysis presented in this thesis shows
the effect of measurement error in the calculation of angular
spread. The expected characteristics of angular spread are
derived using two different angle-of-arrival (AOA) models from the
literature. Measurement results show initial validation of
Durgin's angular spread theory. A new measurement-based algorithm
for simulating wideband fading processes is developed and
implemented. This simulation technique shows promise in the
simulation of high-bit rate peer-to-peer radio communication
systems.Master of Science
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Raddatz, M., and H. J. Schönfeldt. "Ejection and impact angles of saltating particles measured with a high-speed camera." Universität Leipzig, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16374.
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3D and 2D trajectory data of sand grains saltating over a bed are presented from highspeed camera measurements. They were obtained at Zingst peninsula and in laboratory using a wind tunnel. Trajectories, calculated with a Runge-Kutta procedure, using values of the mean wind profile and the air flow were fitted to the measured ones. The trajectory with the lowest RMSE against the measured one was used to estimate the
grain diameter of the saltating grain. Also ejection and impact angle, ejection and impact speed of the grain were determined. The results confirm earlier findings that ejection angles decreases with increasing grain diameter. Ejection angles between 57° and 27° for fine (63-200 μm) and middle (200-630 μm) ejecta and between 38° and
20° for coarse grains (630-2000 μm) were found. The impact angle β increases with increasing grain diameter. Impact angles between 8° and 15° for fine impactors and between 12° and 36° for middle and coarse grains were found. Additionally the ratio between the mean ejection angle α and mean impact angle β, which decrease with
increasing grain diameter (Rice et al., 1995), could be confirmed. The ration between the ejection speed ue and impact speed ui was found nearly the same for all determined grain sizes, but the grains ejected from the bed had an average speed of one order of magnitude less than the impact speed.
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Moreira, Tarcisio Santos. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário Foot and Ankle Ability Measure para o português do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-962FB6.
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The foot and ankle complex is the most affected area which is usually injured after trauma or due to overuse injuries that occur in many sport related activities or in routine activities of daily living. Frequently, these injuries lead to long-term functional limitations and in some cases they can lead to permanent impairments. The health impacts caused by injuries, illness or any other harm, especially on functionality and quality of life, should be considered in clinical assessment in health sciences. To quantify this functional impact represents a great challenge and also a goal for clinicians and researchers of health science, who employ client-based instruments to meet this need. Questionnaires and functional scales are tools which are able to include the domains of activity and participation and able to transform subjective measures into objective data. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire (FAAM) was identified as one of the best developed instruments to quantify functionality of individuals affected by musculoskeletal disorders of the ankle/foot complex, but its Portuguese version is still unavailable in Brazil. The FAAM is composed of two scales, one for the assessment of functionality during activities of daily living (ADL sub-scale) and another for sport-related actitivities (Sport sub-scale). The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-cultural adapt the FAAM and to verify the psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of this instrument. The analysis of the validity was carried out by applying the Rasch model, whereas test-retest reliability and internal consistency were analyzed with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC1,1) and with Cronbach alpha, respectively. The psychometric properties of the FAAM-Brazil were verified in 55 volunteers from both genders, with a mean age of 34 years, with foot/ankle complex musculoskeletal disorders. The FAAM-Brazil showed ICC2,1 of 0,88 e 0,82 and Cronbach Alpha of 0,93 e 0,90 for the ADL and Sport sub-scales, respectively. The Rasch analysis indicated reliability coefficients of 0,92 and 0,88 for the individuals in the ADL and Sport subscale, respectively, and for the items, the values were 0,95 and 0,94 for both sub-scale on this same order. From the 29 items of the instrument, two from the ADL sub-scale (9,5%) and two from the Sport sub-scale (25%) did not match the expectations of the model, which compromised of the construct validity of the instrument. The item separation index for the ADL sub-scale was 4,17 and for the Sport sub-scale 3,89. For the ADL sub-scale, the individual separation index was 3,4 and 2,71 for the Sport sub-scale. The mean time of administration was seven minutes. The Brazilian version of the FAAM demonstrated to be valid and reliable when applied to Brazilian population, but the Rasch analysis results indicated that some items did not fit the model for the studied sample, because they showed an erratic pattern of response. Therefore, the FAAM-Brazil should be applied with caution to individuals who practice sports which physical demands are different from those described by the Sports sub-scale items.O complexo articular do tornozelo e pé é o local mais comumente afetado por lesões traumáticas ou por sobrecarga em vários contextos, sejam eles esportivos ou situações rotineiras da vida diária. Essas lesões frequentemente causam limitações funcionais por longos períodos, sendo que em alguns casos elas podem gerar sequelas permanentes. O impacto que as lesões, doenças e quaisquer agravos podem gerar sobre a saúde, especialmente sobre a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida, deve ser abordado no escopo da avaliação clínica na área da saúde. Quantificar esse impacto funcional representa um desafio e uma meta para clínicos e pesquisadores da área, os quais têm utilizado os instrumentos de avaliação baseados no cliente com o intuito de suprir essa necessidade. Os questionários e escalas funcionais são ferramentas que tem a capacidade de abranger os domínios da atividade e participação, sendo capazes de transformar medidas subjetivas em dados objetivos. O questionário Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) foi identificado como um dos melhores instrumentos de avaliação já desenvolvidos para quantificar a funcionalidade de indivíduos acometidos por desordens músculo esqueléticas do complexo tornozelo/pé, mas ainda não está disponível para uso no Brasil. O FAAM é composto por duas escalas, sendo uma para avaliação da funcionalidade em atividades da vida diária (Escala de AVD) e a outra para atividades esportivas (Escala de Esportes). O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer a tradução e adaptação transcultural do FAAM, bem como realizar a análise psicométrica da versão brasileira desse instrumento. A avaliação da validade do instrumento foi feita com a aplicação do modelo Rasch, além das análises de confiabilidade teste re-teste e consistência interna com o cálculo do Coeficiente de Correlação Intra-classe (CCI) e do Alfa de Cronbach, respectivamente. As propriedades psicométricas do FAAM-Brasil foram analisadas após a aplicação do questionário em 55 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 34 anos, acometidos por desordens músculoesqueléticas do complexo tornozelo/pé. O FAAM-Brasil apresentou o CCI1,1 de 0,88 e 0,82 e o Alfa de Cronbach de 0,93 e 0,90, para as escalas de AVD e Esportes, respectivamente. A análise Rasch indicou coeficientes de confiabilidade de 0,92 e 0,88 para os indivíduos nas escalas de AVD e Esporte, respectivamente, e para os itens os valores foram 0,95 e 0,94, para cada escala, nessa mesma ordem. Dos 29 itens que compõem o instrumento, dois da escala de AVD (9,5%) e dois da escala de Esporte (25%) não atenderam aos pressupostos do modelo, o que sinalizou um comprometimento da validade de construto do instrumento. O índice de separação dos itens da escala de AVD foi de 4,17 e para a escala de Esporte foi de 3,89. Para a escala de AVD, o índice de separação dos sujeitos foi de 3,4 e de 2,71, para a escala de Esporte. O tempo médio de aplicação foi de sete minutos. A versão brasileira do FAAM mostrou ser válida e confiável para ser aplicada na população brasileira, mas os resultados da análise Rasch indicam que alguns itens apresentaram inadequações para a amostra estudada, pois apresentaram padrão errático de resposta. Por isso, o FAAM-Brasil deve ser aplicado com cautela em indivíduos que praticam esportes diferenciados, cujas demandas físicas diferem das tarefas descritas nos itens da escala de Esporte.
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Wesolkowski, Slawomir. "Color Image Edge Detection and Segmentation: A Comparison of the Vector Angle and the Euclidean Distance Color Similarity Measures." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/937.
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This work is based on Shafer's Dichromatic Reflection Model as applied to color image formation. The color spaces RGB, XYZ, CIELAB, CIELUV, rgb, l1l2l3, and the new h1h2h3 color space are discussed from this perspective. Two color similarity measures are studied: the Euclidean distance and the vector angle. The work in this thesis is motivated from a practical point of view by several shortcomings of current methods. The first problem is the inability of all known methods to properly segment objects from the background without interference from object shadows and highlights. The second shortcoming is the non-examination of the vector angle as a distance measure that is capable of directly evaluating hue similarity without considering intensity especially in RGB. Finally, there is inadequate research on the combination of hue- and intensity-based similarity measures to improve color similarity calculations given the advantages of each color distance measure. These distance measures were used for two image understanding tasks: edge detection, and one strategy for color image segmentation, namely color clustering. Edge detection algorithms using Euclidean distance and vector angle similarity measures as well as their combinations were examined. The list of algorithms is comprised of the modified Roberts operator, the Sobel operator, the Canny operator, the vector gradient operator, and the 3x3 difference vector operator. Pratt's Figure of Merit is used for a quantitative comparison of edge detection results. Color clustering was examined using the k-means (based on the Euclidean distance) and Mixture of Principal Components (based on the vector angle) algorithms. A new quantitative image segmentation evaluation procedure is introduced to assess the performance of both algorithms. Quantitative and qualitative results on many color images (artificial, staged scenes and natural scene images) indicate good edge detection performance using a vector version of the Sobel operator on the h1h2h3 color space. The results using combined hue- and intensity-based difference measures show a slight improvement qualitatively and over using each measure independently in RGB. Quantitative and qualitative results for image segmentation on the same set of images suggest that the best image segmentation results are obtained using the Mixture of Principal Components algorithm on the RGB, XYZ and rgb color spaces. Finally, poor color clustering results in the h1h2h3 color space suggest that some assumptions in deriving a simplified version of the Dichromatic Reflectance Model might have been violated.
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Jackson, Allison N. "Neurocognitive Ability in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1491917830289932.
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EMERLING, FRED MARTIN III. "NONVERBAL COGNITIVE MEASURES AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC SUCCESS FOR CHILDREN FROM ANGLO AND HISPANIC CULTURES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188046.
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One hundred and fifteen second and third grade Anglo and Hispanic boys and girls from an isolated rural town in Arizona were tested on two nonverbal measures of cognitive skills to ascertain their predictive validity and ethnic bias. Bias was addressed by regression analysis, a technique that allows for the comparison of slopes and intercepts for two or more groups. The children from both ethnics were roughly equated on SES variables due to the location and nature of the community. The Raven's Coloured Test of Cognitive Skills (NTCS) were employed to predict the state-mandated California Achievement Test (CAT) and the pupils' grade point average (GPA). The results suggested that the Raven's exhibits both slope and intercept bias for three of the four criterion variables whereas the NTCS demonstrated bias only in terms of GPA. Both nonverbal tests correlated highly indicating that they are measuring similar skills. The NTCS generally had higher predictive validity than the Raven's. A combination of the two tests increased prediction by only a small amount. These results indicate that, contrary to previous research, the Raven's may be a biased predictor for Hispanics and that the NTCS appears both less biased and a better predictor. Both nonverbal test validities approached the WISC-R correlation coefficients for Hispanics. Neither test proved to be a potent predictor of Anglo test scores or GPAs. This differential validity infers that the nonverbal tests be employed with caution with native English speakers. The hypothesized reasons for the better performance of the NTCS included its measuring of more than one skill. The two tests were contrasted in terms of psychometric considerations, training time, and testing time. Limitations of the study as well as suggestions for further research with various non-native speakers of English was discussed.
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Bowker, Samantha. "A Comparison of Excitability Measures, ROM, Laxity, and Dynamic Postural Control between Ankle Copers and Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability and their Influences on Dynamic Postural Control." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396012540.
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Webster, Kathryn A. "Measures of Plantar Pressure and Influences of Fatigue on Muscle Activation in Subjects with and without Chronic Ankle Instability." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271361172.
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Botha, Jan. "The development of a device for the investigation of dorsiflexion range of the ankle with a capacity to measure pathology, recovery and pharmacological benefit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2086.
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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.Various ways exist whereby balance abilities of the individual can be assessed. However, most of these are subjective methods. This thesis strives to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new device, the Dorsiflexometer that can be used to objectively assess one’s balance abilities. The Dorsiflexometer was constructed and mathematically modelled using appropriate simplifying assumptions. After its construction, the Dorsiflexometer was tested using two experimental set-ups to obtain raw data. Both these set-ups consisted of the two tiltable platforms equipped with three load cells each, the bridge amplifiers and the personal computer (PC). The only difference in the two experimental set-ups is in the type of test that was performed as well as the bridge amplifiers used. Numerous parameters, such as the radius of movement and the Lyapunov number can be extracted from the raw data. A computer program was written to analyse the raw data and present the results in a user-friendly manner. A new parameter, the Sway Index, was used to obtain a single balance value for the tested individual. This parameter proved useful in quantifying balance. An advanced patent search was carried out before the device was constructed. This was necessary to provisionally patent the device – official application number: 2003/6702.
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Taghizadeh, Vahed Amir. "Fan And Pitch Angle Selection For Efficient Mine Ventilation Using Analytical Hierachy Process And Neuro Fuzzy Approach." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614320/index.pdf.
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Ventilation is a critical task in underground mining operation. Lack of a good ventilation system causes accumulation of harmful gases, explosions, and even fatalities. A proper ventilation system provides adequate fresh air to miners for a safe and comfortable working environment. Fans, which provide air flow to different faces of a mine, have great impact in ventilation systems. Thus, selection of appropriate fans for a mine is the acute task. Unsuitable selection of a fan decreases safety and production rate, which increases capital and operational costs. Moreover, pitch angle of fans&rsquoblades plays an important role in fan&rsquo
s efficiency. Therefore, selection of a fan and its pitch angle, which yields the maximum efficiency, is an emerging issue for an efficient mine ventilation. The main objective of this research study is to provide a decision making methodology for the selection of a main fan and its appropriate pitch angle for efficient mine ventilation. Nowadays, analytical hierarchy process as multi criteria decision making is used, and it yields outputs based on pairwise comparison. On the other hand, Fuzzy Logic as a soft computing method was combined with analytical hierarchy process and combined model did not yield appropriate results
because Fuzzy AHP increased uncertainty ratio in this study. However, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process might be inapplicable when it faces with vague and complex data set. Soft computing methods can be utilized for complicated situations. One of the soft computing methods is a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm which is used in classification and DM issues. This study has two phases: i) selection of an appropriate fan using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) and ii) selection of an appropriate pitch angle using Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm and Fuzzy AHP method. This study showed that AHP can be effectively utilized for main fan selection. It performs better than Fuzzy AHP because FAHP contains more expertise and makes problems more complex for evaluating. When FAHP and Neuro-Fuzzy is compared for pitch angle selection, both methodologies yielded the same results. Therefore, utilization of Neuro-Fuzzy in situation with complicated and vague data will be applicable.
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McLeod, Ashley. "The contribution of leadership behaviour in creating a safety conscious organisational culture : a case study of Anglo American mining operations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/973.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the 20th century, many employees in the South African mining industry were involved in occupational accidents which either resulted in personal injury or had fatal consequences. Despite the introduction of numerous industrial safety programmes to prevent fatal incidents and minor injuries, the South African mining industry death toll remains consistently high, at approximately 200 employees per annum. The trend of employee injury and death continues unabated into the new millennium. This safety performance has been met with growing dissatisfaction in the ranks of government, worker unions, employees and business stakeholders. This dissatisfaction is directed at chief executives who are being blamed for the occupational accidents on their mines. There is now growing focus on the leadership of mining companies and how it contributes to shaping an organisational culture for improved safety performance. The researcher examines whether leadership is a key component in creating a safety conscious organisational culture, and uses literature studies and the Anglo American mining company as a practical case study to support the investigation. Anglo American, listed on the Johannesburg and London stock exchanges is the largest mining company in South Africa and also one in which many fatal injuries have occurred; providing an abundance of safety information. The researcher reviews previous literature studies and explains the journey Anglo American undertook to improve its safety performance since listing on the London Stock Exchange in 1999. The concepts of organisational culture, safety culture, leadership and organisational performance, are discussed from a theoretical and practical perspective using literature studies. These are then examined with the ultimate view of understanding their practical impact on organisational safety as espoused in the literature. The literature provides a broad framework on which to assess Anglo American's safety journey from 1999 to the end of 2007. This journey details the safety programmes and efforts employed by Anglo American to eliminate fatalities and injuries and also highlights the impact of the organisation's leadership on the safety performance of the company. It is concluded that the contribution of leadership is pivotal to establishing a safety-conscious organisational culture and that specific behaviours from executives, senior managers, middle managers, supervisors and workers are needed to develop an organisations safety culture for improved safety performance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die 20ste eeu was baie werkers in die Suid-Afrikaanse mynbedryf betrokke in beroepsverwante ongelukke wat tot persoonlike beserings of lewensverlies gelei het. Ten spyte van die instelling van veelvuldige beroeps-veiligheidsprogramme om noodlottige insidente en ander minder ernstige beserings te voorkom, bly die dodetal in die Suid-Afrikaanse mynbedryf konstant hoog, teen ongeveer 200 werkers per jaar. Hierdie tendens van dood en beserings onder werkers gaan ongetem voort tot in die nuwe millennium. Hierdie veiligheidsrekord word met toenemende ontevredenheid deur die regering, werkers-vakbonde, werkers en bedryfsinsethouers beskou. Hierdie ontevredenheid word gemik op uitvoerende bestuur, wie blameer word vir beroepsverwante ongelukke in hul myne. Daar word dus toenemend gefokus op die leierskap van mynmaatskappye en hoe dit bydra tot die skepping van 'n organisasiekultuur van verbeterde veiligheidsuitslae. Die navorser ondersoek die vraag of leierskap 'n kern komponent is in die daarstelling van 'n veiligheids-bewuste organisasiekultuur, en maak gebruik van literatuurstudies sowel as Anglo American mynmaatskappy as 'n praktiese gevallestudie om sy ondersoek te ondersteun. Anglo American is die grootste mynmaatskappy in Suid-Afrika en ook die een waar baie noodlottige ongelukke voorgekom het, en dus 'n groot bron van veiligheidsinligting kan voorsien. Die navorser hersien teoretiese literatuurstudies en verduidelik dan die optrede van Anglo American om sy veiligheidsrekords te verbeter sedert sy noteering op die Londonse Effektebeurs in 1999. Die konsep van organisasiekultuur, veiligheidskultuur, leierskap en organisasieprestasie, word bespreek vanuit 'n teoretiese en praktiese perspektief met behulp van literatuurstudies en hierdie word bestudeer met die uiteindelike doel om die praktiese impak daarvan in industrie te verstaan soos uiteengesit in die literatuur. Die literatuur voorsien 'n breë raamwerk waarteen Anglo American se veiligheidstog gemeet kan word vanaf 1999 tot einde 2007. Hierdie tog verskaf detail van hoe Anglo American veiligheidsprogramme gebruik het om noodlottigge ongelukke en beserings uit te skakel en beklemtoon ook die impak van die organisasie se leierskap op die veiligheidsrekord van die maatskappy. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die bydrae van leierskap kern is tot die daarstelling van 'n veiligheidsbewuste kultuur en dat spesifieke optredes van hoofbestuurders, seniorbestuurders, middelvlakbestuurders, opsieners en werkers nodig is om 'n veiligheidskultuur te bewerkstellig om veiligheid in maatskappye te verbeter.
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Zaicevaitė, Neringa. "Antivengiminių priemonių teisinis reglamentavimas ir jo praktinio taikymo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090908_194103-72950.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro darbo objektas - Lietuvos Respublikos norminiuose mokesčių teisės aktuose įtvirtintos prieš mokesčių vengimą nukreiptos normos: jų doktrininis aiškinimas bei analizė, jų taikymas mokestinius ginčus nagrinėjančių institucijų praktikoje. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas turinio viršenybės prieš formą principui, kaip bendrajai prieš mokesčių vengimą nukreiptai normai ir specialiosioms antivengiminėms priemonėms – pajamų arba išmokų apibūdinimo iš naujo (plonos kapitalizacijos – angl. thin capitalization) taisyklėms, kontroliuojamųjų užsienio vienetų apmokestinimo taisyklėms, sandorių kainodaros (angl. transfer pricing) taisyklėms, ūkinių operacijų, atliekamų su tikslinėse teritorijose registruotais asmenimis, apmokestinimas. Darbo tikslai - išanalizuoti antivengiminių priemonių teisinį reglamentavimą bei atskleisti jo praktinio taikymo problemas. Darbo uždaviniai: atskleisti turinio viršenybės prieš formą principo įtvirtinimo įstatyme istorinę raidą; išanalizuoti jį įtvirtinančias teisės normas, atskleisti mokesčių vengimo kaip teisės pažeidimo sudėties analizę, o taip pat pateikti turinio viršenybės prieš formą principo taikymo tvarką mokesčių administratoriui apskaičiuojant mokėtinus mokesčius; išnagrinėti Lietuvos Respublikos mokesčių teisės aktuose įtvirtintas specialiąsias antivengimines normas, identifikuoti jas, suformuluoti ir išanalizuoti atskirų priemonių, nukreiptų prieš mokesčių vengimą, sampratą, pasitelkiant teisinį reglamentavimą, atskleisti jų turinį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The object of the master thesis – norms, which are embeded in Lithuanian Republic tax laws and which are against tax avoidance: their doctrinal explanation and analysis, their practical appliance in a light of institutions, which solve taxing disputes. Main consideration is paid to substance over form principle, which is a general anti-avoidance rule and to specific anti-avoidance rules – thin capitalization rules, controlled foreign corporations imposition rules, transfer pricing rules, transactions with organizations, which operate in tax-heavens, imposition. The two objectives of this dissertation are as follows: to analyse anti-avoidance measures embeded in tax laws and unfold their practical implication problems. In order to reach the goal, further tasks were set: to unfold substance over form principles historical embedment evolution in laws; to analyse law rules, which embed this principle, to unfold tax avoidance composition as violation of law analysis and also to present the order of substance over form principle application, when tax authority has to impose a tax; to study special anti-avoidance rules, which are infixed in Lithuanian Republic tax laws, identify these rules, formulate and analyse seperate definitions of measures pointed against tax avoidance, conception, by employing law rules, to unfold their substance; to estimate relationship between general and specific anti-avoidance rules; to analyse and structure practice of institutions, which solve taxing... [to full text]
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Cruzado, Fábio Leandro. "Atividades práticas para o ensino do conceito de tangente no 9° ano." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8266.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
We introduce some geometric experiments to the students, and particularly the handling of right-angled triangles, with the clear purpose of inserting, firming and emphasizing the importance, historical and practical, of the concept and meaning of the geometric tangent in an entire acute angle in triangle. Later, the students built a rudimentary theodolite that was used to measure vertical angles of tops inaccessible objects from the ground and consequently the estimate of their heights. The prospect objects were trees, poles, masts, antennas, spotlights, among other more familiar to the students of the ninth grade in elementary school.
Neste trabalho apresentamos aos alunos alguns experimentos geométricos e, sobretudo, a manipulação de triângulos retângulos, com o claro objetivo de inserir, fixar e ressaltar a importância, histórica e prática, do conceito e do significado geométrico da tangente de um ângulo agudo. Posteriormente, os alunos construíram um teodolito rudimentar que foi utilizado para medir ângulos verticais de topos de objetos inacessíveis em relação ao solo e consequentemente o cálculo de suas alturas. Os objetos explorados foram árvores, postes, mastros, antenas, refletores, entre outros mais familiares para os estudantes do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental.
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Luke, Mark Elden. "Predicting Drag Polars For Micro Air Vehicles." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd297.pdf.
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Liu, Yu-Chun, and 劉育君. "The study of using the digital projection method to measure the contact angle of the gothic arch of a ball screw." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9x959u.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
機械與機電工程研究所
96
Ballscrew is working as a driven device of machine tool to reinforce the manufacturing precision and smoothness. Nowadays, ballscrew is applied extensively in precision machinery, automation equipments, dynamic transmission, semi-conductors, medical treatment, aerospace, and etc; furthermore, ballscrew is developed to apply in superior precision, high speed, environmental protection, long travel and big diameter as well. Ballscrew functions as a power transfer interface between a screw shaft and a nut. Axial load which is depended on the contact angle of steel ball and screw is a major element to affect lifetime value of ballscrew. If contact angle exceeds the design value, steel ball will change its running pattern from rolling to sliding, which will cause the friction increased, bad smoothness, and temperature increased to reduce the lifetime value. Previously, the profile meter which provides high precision with superior using environment request is used for measuring contact angle. The digital projection method which integrates projectors, digital cameras, and image processing software is an efficiency and precision way to examine ballscrew. This method can achieve rapid online measurement and precision requirements for small lead angle through different contact angles measurements and comparing with the profile meter. It also can measure screw diameter over 50mm and length over 2500mm.
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"Upper extremity biomechanics in native and non-native signers." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.51615.
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abstract: Individuals fluent in sign language who have at least one deaf parent are considered native signers while those with non-signing, hearing parents are non-native signers. Musculoskeletal pain from repetitive motion is more common from non-natives than natives. The goal of this study was twofold: 1) to examine differences in upper extremity (UE) biomechanical measures between natives and non-natives and 2) upon creating a composite measure of injury-risk unique to signers, to compare differences in scores between natives and non-natives. Non-natives were hypothesized to have less favorable biomechanical measures and composite injury-risk scores compared to natives. Dynamometry was used for measurement of strength, electromyography for ‘micro’ rest breaks and muscle tension, optical motion capture for ballistic signing, non-neutral joint angle and work envelope, a numeric pain rating scale for pain, and the modified Strain Index (SI) as a composite measure of injury-risk. There were no differences in UE strength (all p≥0.22). Natives had more rest (natives 76.38%; non-natives 26.86%; p=0.002) and less muscle tension (natives 11.53%; non-natives 48.60%; p=0.008) for non-dominant upper trapezius across the first minute of the trial. For ballistic signing, no differences were found in resultant linear segment acceleration when producing the sign for ‘again’ (natives 27.59m/s2; non-natives 21.91m/s2; p=0.20). For non-neutral joint angle, natives had more wrist flexion-extension motion when producing the sign for ‘principal’ (natives 54.93°; non-natives 46.23°; p=0.04). Work envelope demonstrated the greatest significance when determining injury-risk. Natives had a marginally greater work envelope along the z-axis (inferior-superior) across the first minute of the trial (natives 35.80cm; non-natives 30.84cm; p=0.051). Natives (30%) presented with a lower pain prevalence than non-natives (40%); however, there was no significant difference in the modified SI scores (natives 4.70 points; non-natives 3.06 points; p=0.144) and no association between presence of pain with the modified SI score (r=0.087; p=0.680). This work offers a comprehensive analysis of all the previously identified UE biomechanics unique to signers and helped to inform a composite measure of injury-risk. Use of the modified SI demonstrates promise, although its lack of association with pain does confirm that injury-risk encompasses other variables in addition to a signer’s biomechanics.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Exercise and Nutritional Sciences 2018
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Prabhakar, Avinash. "Uncertainty Propagation in Hypersonic Flight Dynamics and Comparison of Different Methods." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-12-194.
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In this work we present a novel computational framework for analyzing evolution
of uncertainty in state trajectories of a hypersonic air vehicle due to uncertainty in
initial conditions and other system parameters. The framework is built on the so
called generalized Polynomial Chaos expansions. In this framework, stochastic dynamical
systems are transformed into equivalent deterministic dynamical systems in
higher dimensional space. In the research presented here we study evolution of uncertainty
due to initial condition, ballistic coefficient, lift over drag ratio and atmospheric
density.
We compute the statistics using the continuous linearization (CL) approach. This
approach computes the jacobian of the perturbational variables about the nominal
trajectory. The covariance is then propagated using the riccati equation and the
statistics is compared with the Polynomial Chaos method. The latter gives better
accuracy as compared to the CL method.
The simulation is carried out assuming uniform distribution on the parameters (initial
condition, density, ballistic coefficient and lift over drag ratio). The method is then extended for Gaussian distribution on the parameters and the statistics, mean
and variance of the states are matched with the standard Monte Carlo methods. The
problem studied here is related to the Mars entry descent landing problem.
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Hung, Chen-Sheng, and 洪振盛. "The Azimuth Angle and the Phase Retardations of a Compensator measured by Polarimeter." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47116868826522800174.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
光電(科學)研究所
83
For establishing an accurate ellipsometer system in the laboratory, it is essential to calibrate each element of the system. A simple polarimetric technique is developed in this experiment to measure the optical axis and the phase retardation of a quarter-wave plate. By three intensities measured in PA (Polarizer-Analyzer) system with Analyzer at 0, 60, and 120 degree, and another three intensities measured in PCA (Polarizer Compensator-Analyzer) system with Analyzer at 0, 60, and 120 degree, we can calculate the azimuth angle and the phase retardation of the compensator. We find the compensator''s optical activity and its optical axis precisely when using the He-Ne Laser source first. Then we use a Tungsten-Halogen source which produces 632.8nm, 543.5nm, and 488nm light by three different filters to investigate the performances of this 632.8nm quarter-wave plate (compensator) under different wavelength of light.
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Luís, Sara. "Adaptação e validação da Foot and Ankle Ability Measure para a população portuguesa." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/18541.
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Introdução: As condições músculo-esqueléticas do pé/tornozelo são altamente prevalentes, tanto em contexto normal como desportivo. A Fisioterapia é essencial no seu tratamento, sendo a utilização de instrumentos de medição auto-reportados fundamental para uma correta avaliação do impacto destas condições no indivíduo e do respetivo tratamento. A Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) é uma medida auto-reportada de avaliação da função física de indivíduos com condições músculo-esqueléticas do pé/tornozelo, com duas subescalas, Atividades da Vida Diária e Desporto.
Objetivo: Adaptação cultural e linguística, validação e avaliação do poder de resposta da FAAM para a população portuguesa.
Material e Métodos: A adaptação cultural e linguística foi conseguida através da metodologia sequencial. Na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, foi administrada a FAAM e a VR-12 a 179 indivíduos. A recolha foi feita em três momentos: T0, Teste-reteste, e T1 (final dos tratamentos).
Resultados: Obteve-se a FAAM-PT com equivalência semântica e cultural com a original. Esta obteve elevados níveis de consistência interna (αAVD=0,98; αDesporto=0,95) e de reprodutibilidade (CCIAVD=0,90; CCIDesporto=0,84). Demonstrou boa validade de construção, através da Análise de Componentes Principais, da relação com as pontuações sumários da VR-12 (r entre 0,241 e 0,575) e com questões discriminatórias (IMC, r entre -0,212 e -0,290; e auxiliares de marcha, p=0,000). Apresentou bom poder de resposta (ESAVD=0,78; ESDesporto=0,94; SRMAVD=0,87; SRMDesporto=1,00) e boa interpretabilidade (EPMAVD=3,14; EPMDesporto=5,60; MMDAVD=8,71; MMDDesporto=15,51; MMIAVD=5,96; MMIDesporto=19,06).
Conclusões: A FAAM-PT demonstrou ser uma medida válida, fiável e com poder de resposta para indivíduos com condições músculo-esqueléticas do pé/tornozelo, recomendando-se na investigação e na prática clínica.Introduction: Musculoskeletal conditions of the foot/ankle are highly prevalent, both in normal and sports contexts. Physiotherapy is essential in their treatment, being the use of self-reported measurement instruments fundamental for proper evaluation of the impact of these conditions on the individuals, as well as the impact of the treatment. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a self-reported measure of assessment of physical function in patients with musculoskeletal conditions of the foot/ankle, with two subscales, Activities of Daily Living and Sports. Aims: Cultural and linguistic adaptation, validation and evaluation of the responsiveness of the FAAM to the Portuguese population. Materials and Methods: The cultural and linguistic adaptation was achieved by the sequential methodology. For the evaluation of the psychometric properties, FAAM and VR-12 were administered to 179 individuals. The data collection was made in three stages: at T0, Test-Retest and T1 (end of treatment). Results: We obtained the FAAM-PT with semantic and cultural equivalence with the original version. This achieved high levels of internal consistency (αAVD=0.98; αDesporto=0.95) and reproducibility (ICCAVD=0.90; ICCDesporto=0.84). It demonstrated good construct validity through the Principal Component Analysis, the relations with the VR-12 summaries (r between 0,241 and 0,575) and related discriminatory questions (BMI, r between -0,212 and -0,290; and walking aids, p=0,000). It showed good reproducibility (ESAVD=0.78; ESDesporto=0.94; SRMAVD=0.87; SRMDesporto=1.00) and good interpretability (SEMAVD=3,14; SEMDesporto=5.60; MDCAVD=8,71; MDCDesporto=15.51; MICAVD=5.96; MICDesporto=19.06). Conclusions: FAAM-PT proved to be a valid, reliable and responsive measure for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions of the foot/ankle, it is recommended in research and in clinical practice.
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"Correlation between clinic-measured intraocular pressure (IOP) and disease progression in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884379.
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Man, Xiaofei.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-162).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts also in Chinese.
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Wayne, Heather A. "A comparison of the Balance Error Scoring System with selected forceplate measures in individuals with functionally unstable ankles." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Han-chung, Lee, and 李翰忠. "Establishing an Evaluation Model of New Product Strategy with Fuzzy MCDM–A case of Industrial Angle Measures." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25918482620045833845.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南台科技大學
工業管理研究所
93
One of the contributions of the economic development of Taiwan depends on high quality and high stability of the products. In order to maintain the high standard of the products, most companies have only focused on using the newest and finest equipments or establishing a more strict system for quality control. However, they neglected that they must have precision measure to keep the high standard. The industrial angle measures instrument has always been placed for “the preliminary set-up of machine or pre-running”. With the advance of operation technology and the introduction of all kinds of new machines, the instruments are more diversified, the precision is higher, the application is also more extensive, and thus the relative importance of this industry becomes higher. However, there has not been a proper strategy selection evaluation model or system to help the industrial angle measures instrument industry to improve the competitiveness. Besides, many new products have been introduced to the market and consumers with the fast progress of technology development. Enterprises must make innovation and improvement continuously in order to survive. Before promoting new products to the market, an enterprise should consider the difference between the old products and the new ones and also the competitiveness from other similar products. Therefore, to win the market, an enterprise must not only introduce the product’s merits, but must also develop a proper product strategy. From the above discussions of new products, strategy and the importance of their connection, we know that an appropriate strategy for a new product is a key for the successful development of the enterprise. This purpose of this research is to thoroughly study the industrial angle measures instrument and to suggest a strategy selection evaluation model via fuzzy multiple criteria decision making for enterprise application. Keyword: Fuzzy multiple criteria decision making, Industrial angle measures instrument, New products, Strategy selection
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Larmer, Peter John. "Ankle sprains: an investigation into patient perceptions and performance of physical tasks following acute ankle sprains using a mixed methods approach." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/766.
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Introduction: Ankle injuries are among the most prevalent acute musculoskeletal injuries, and are a significant burden on any health system. The interaction of the physiotherapist with the patient and their mutual understanding of impairments, function and recovery are important to achieving a satisfactory return to work and leisure activities. To date, little attention has focused on this interaction. There is a need for further exploration of differences and associations between outcome questionnaires that investigate similar domains of pain and function, and whether scores from such outcome measures are related to the patient’s perception of function and recovery. Of further interest is whether there are relationships between impairment measures and perceived function, and how actual performance of tasks might influence the patients understanding of their capabilities. To provide a more complete picture of these relationships, a ‘mixed methods’ approach using qualitative research methods within a quantitative study was thought to be most appropriate. The overall aim of this thesis was to utilise this research approach to investigate patients’ perceptions of their recovery and elucidate factors important to both therapists and patients that ultimately might enhance their understanding of recovery from an ankle injury. Literature reviews: Three literature reviews were undertaken. Firstly a review of systematic reviews investigating ankle sprains identified a wide variety of management strategies. There was a lack of strong evidence to support any particular management strategy. Hence clinicians are likely to have difficulty setting appropriate rehabilitation plans. Secondly a critical review identified a number of different outcome questionnaires that were utilised to gauge recovery level; however, justification for their selection was often lacking. This review also identified that little emphasis was placed on understanding the patients’ perception of their injury and the rehabilitation process. A final critical review investigated impairment and performance measures and identified four specific areas that were focused upon by clinicians during the treatment of ankle sprains: joint position sense, postural control, strength and performance during function. However, only weak evidence was found for there being a deficit in joint position sense, postural control and strength in the injured limb following an ankle sprain, and inconclusive evidence of deficits in physical performance of tasks related to function. Methods: Forty participants with an acute sprained ankle were recruited along with their treating physiotherapist. The participants completed a Global questionnaire, the Lower Limb Task Questionnaire (LLTQ) and the Short Form -36 (SF-36) Questionnaire at the initial visit, at discharge and at a six week follow up visit where they also undertook impairment testing involving, joint position sense, postural control and strength along with a functional performance test and selected functional activities. Ten participants were purposefully selected to undertake semi-structured interviews. The treating physiotherapists completed global questionnaires at the initial visit and at time of discharge. An interpretive hermeneutic approach was undertaken to examine the participants’ perceptions. Results: There were equal numbers of males and female participants and the average age of participants was 30.5 years. The relationship between questionnaires for the domains of pain and function varied between low and high degrees of association. The global limitations scores between the participants and physiotherapists were similar at the initial visit, whereas on discharge the participants had a significantly lower score (p<0.05) compared to the physiotherapists. With respect to impairment testing, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the uninjured limb compared to the injured limb for the joint position sense and performance agility hop test. All other comparisons of impairments were not significant (p>0.05). There was no association between questionnaire scores and impairment measures (p>0.05). Additionally there were no significant associations between previous injury and questionnaire scores and impairment measures. Finally in relation to the performance of specific functional tests there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the six week follow up LLTQ score and the score following actual performance of the test. The findings of the participants’ interviews identified three key concerns. Firstly, that participants have a limited understanding of questionnaires, and secondly, that there is a difference in understanding of ‘recovery’ between the therapist and the patient at time of discharge. Thirdly, there was dissociation between outcome measures and the patient’s perception of their own recovery. Conclusions: This study revealed a lack of understanding and effective communication concerning physiotherapy practice in relation to ankle sprains. It was apparent that questionnaires purporting to measure similar constructs are at times dissimilar in scores and are not related strongly. Care needs to be taken in selecting and interpreting outcome measures particularly in relation to questionnaires. It was also apparent that caution should be exercised when considering the influence of impairment measures upon function. Physiotherapists should be aware that patients may perceive a lack of confidence in their level of function at the time of discharge. As a result physiotherapists need to incorporate strategies to improve patient confidence in their management plan.
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Peng, Jian-Lun, and 彭健倫. "Band structure of graphite measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and its description by a tight-binding model." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70139843936674006018.
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碩士國立清華大學
物理系
101
Carbon composes lots of material, like diamond and graphite. But the biggest difference is that graphite is a conductor while diamond is an insulator, because of the bonding. The carbon atoms in the diamond hybridize into the three-dimension sp3 covalent bonding, however the carbon atoms hybridize into two-dimension sp2 covalent bonding in-plane and the delocalized pz bonding results in metallic bonding which forms the π band. The interaction between layer and layer is the weak van der Waals' force so that graphite is a conductor. Graphite has been researched for decades. M. S. Dresselhaus和G. Dresselhaus used the tight-binding theory to describe the band structure of graphite in 1981 and A. Grüneis used the TB-GW to describe the band structure of graphite. In my thesis I will discuss the electronic structure of graphite measured by ARPES. Unlike graphene, graphite is a three-dimension material the different position along z ̂ direction, the different the band structure of graphite will be. To graphite, the two valence π bands with the different incident photon energy which respect to different position along z ̂ direction, results in the periodically merge or split of two valence π bands. In addition I will use the tight-bind theory to describe the Fermi surface result from two valence π bands. The major goal is obtain a set of tight-binding parameters that could well-described Fermi surface at high binding energy, moreover using the same parameters to describe the Fermi surface at low binding energy. Then discuss the describing at low binding energy.
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Tabares, Arthur J. "A study of Hispanic, Black, and Anglo students' perceptions as a measure of their middle school experiences." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28807334.html.
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Aitchison, Jeffrey R. "Development of a computer-controlled device to quantitatively measure the degree of spasticity at a subject’s ankle." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5720.
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The objective of this thesis project was to develop a device to quantitatively measure the degree of spasticity at a subject's ankle, and to use this device to find a means to determine a quantified measure of spasticity. The device imposes a controlled passive rotation of a subject's ankle joint, while simultaneously recording the resulting resistive torque and associated electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity. Comparative analysis of Data from
subjects with and without spasticity were compared to identify response characteristics and parameters which could be associated with the presence and/or severity of spasticity. These
differences were evaluated by modeling the data with a mathematical equation representing spasticity response. Parameters of the equation were then analyzed, and two of the four parameters deemed to be robust, reliable indicators of spasticity, were plotted to create a diagnostic model and curve for distinguishing between test subjects with and without spasticity. The perpendicular distance of the data points from the model curve can then be
utilized as a quantified measure of spasticity. This quantified measure of spasticity was found to correlate with clinical evaluations. The analysis of variance test determined a 7.8 %
probability that the sets of data, from subjects with and without spasticity, were from the same population, indicating that there was a significant difference between the two data sets. Thus it is concluded that a diagnostic model has been developed which shows potential as a means to quantify spasticity.
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Noska, Katrin. "The immediate and short-term effect of spinal manipulative therapy on the lower leg musculature in lateral ankle sprain measured by surface electromyography during maximum voluntary contraction." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2838.
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Chiu, I. Ting, and 邱意婷. "The Association between Vascular Reactivity Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Autocorrelation Function and Ankle-Brachial Index in Peripheral Artery Occlusion Disease." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98310519112808931167.
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Munro, Allan G., L. C. Herrington, and M. Carolan. "Reliability of 2-Dimensional Video Assessment of Frontal-Plane Dynamic Knee Valgus During Common Athletic Screening Tasks." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6649.
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Context: Two-dimensional (2D) video analysis of frontal-plane dynamic knee valgus during common athletic screening tasks has been purported to identify individuals who may be at high risk of suffering knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear or patellofemoral pain syndrome. Although the validity of 2D video analysis has been studied, the associated reliability and measurement error have not. Objective: To assess the reliability and associated measurement error of a 2D video analysis of lower limb dynamic valgus. Design: Reliability study. Participants: 20 recreationally active university students (10 women age 21.5 ± 2.3 y, height 170.1 ± 6.1 cm, weight 66.2 ± 10.2 kg, and 10 men age 22.6 ± 3.1 y, height 177.9 ± 6.0 cm, weight 75.8 ± 7.9 kg). Main Outcome Measurement: Within-day and between-days reliability and measurement-error values of 2D frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) during common screening tasks. Interventions: Participants performed single-leg squat and drop jump and single-leg landings from a standard 28-cm step with standard 2D digital video camera assessment. Results: Women demonstrated significantly higher FPPA in all tests except the left single-leg squat. Within-day ICCs showed good reliability and ranged from .59 to .88, and between-days ICCs were good to excellent, ranging from .72 to .91. Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable difference values ranged from 2.72° to 3.01° and 7.54° to 8.93°, respectively. Conclusions: 2D FPPA has previously been shown to be valid and has now also been shown to be a reliable measure of lower extremity dynamic knee valgus. Using the measurement error values presented along with previously published normative data, clinicians can now make informed judgments about individual performance and changes in performance resulting from interventions.
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Botes, Jacques Andre. "The effect of four different manipulative techniques on Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (ITBFS) in terms of primary and secondary outcome measures." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1626.
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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome is a common dysfunction seen in athletes. Athletes develop biomechanical changes yet still continue with their sport. However, this syndrome limits their ability to participate at peak performance. This study determined which participants benefitted in terms of biomechanical and clinical outcomes in one of four groups: ankle joint, superior tibio-fibular joint, sacroiliac joint or a combination manipulation group (which contained any two of the three joint restrictions). Methods: This Durban University of Technology Institutional Research and Ethics Committee approved prospective clinical trial, utilised stratified sampling, with 48 participants across four groups: ankle (14); superior tibio-fibular (11), sacroiliac (12) and combination (11). The participants underwent six treatments in three weeks. Data collection occurred before consultations one, three, five and seven. The data included primary measures of the knee score questionnaire (KSQ), the algometer, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the secondary measures of the Feiss line, the heel leg alignment, bilateral leg length, Q angle and tibio-femoral angle. All data was computed utilising the ANOVA testing, with a p-value <0.05 being significant and a 95% confidence interval. Pearson’s correlations were completed for intragroup associations between primary and secondary outcome measures. Results: The intragroup analysis revealed that all groups had significant changes in the KSQ and VAS, with the exception of the sacroiliac joint manipulation group (KSQ outcome not significant). Intergroup analysis revealed no differences between the groups with the exception of the combination group, which showed a significant increase in the tibio-femoral angle. Most commonly, the Pearson’s correlation revealed that changes in leg length were related to differences in primary outcome measures, irrespective of the group being tested. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study indicated that manipulation of the distal kinematic chain improved alignment and clinical outcomes to a greater degree than manipulating proximal restrictions. It is suggested with caution (due to limited sample size) that patients should first have their distal kinematic chain manipulated before more proximal joints are manipulated to achieve better outcomes.
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Munro, Allan G., and L. C. Herrington. "Between-session reliability of the star excursion balance test." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6650.
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noObjective To assess the learning effect, test–retest reliability and measurement error associated with the SEBT. Design Repeated-measures study. Setting Controlled university laboratory environment. Participants Twenty-two healthy recreational athletes (11 male age 22.3 ± 3.7 years, 11 female age 22.8 ± 3.1 years). Main Outcome Measures Repeated-measures ANOVA assessed learning affects. Intraclass correlations coefficients, standard error of measurement and smallest detectable difference values were calculated to assess reliability and measurement error. Results Results showed that excursion distances stabilised after four trials, therefore trials five to seven were analysed for reliability. Test–retest reliability for all reach directions was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.92. 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement and smallest detectable difference ranged from 77.84 to 94.00, 2.21–2.94% and 6.13–8.15%, respectively. Conclusion These statistics will allow clinicians to evaluate whether changes in SEBT scores are due to change in an individual’s performance or random error. The findings of this study show that the SEBT is a reliable measure of lower limb function in healthy recreational athletes. Changes in normalised scores of at least 6–8% are needed to feel confident that a real change in SEBT performance has occurred.
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Παπαδοπούλου, Γεωργία. "Από τις τυχαίες γωνίες στις περιοδικές κατανομές." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6068.
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Η εκπόνηση της συγκεκριμένης Μεταπτυχιακής Εργασίας, εξετάζει, καταρχήν, την έννοια της πιθανότητας και τις βασικές ιδιότητές της, όπως την τυχαία μεταβλητή και τη συνάρτηση κατανομής. Παράλληλα όμως, παρουσιάζει στοιχεία βασικών διακριτών και συνεχών κατανομών, όπως της κανονικής, της ομοιόμορφης, της Poisson, και άλλων κατανομών της γραμμικής στατιστικής.
Στη συνέχεια, αναφέρεται στις βασικές έννοιες της περιγραφικής στατιστικής, όπως οργάνωση και γραφική αναπαράσταση στατιστικών δεδομένων, ομαδοποίηση παρατηρήσεων, ιστόγραμμα συχνοτήτων, καθώς και περιγραφικά μέτρα γραμμικών δεδομένων.
Κυρίως, όμως, η παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί μία γενική επισκόπηση των στατιστικών μεθόδων παρουσίασης και ανάλυσης των περιοδικών δεδομένων. Με τον όρο "περιοδικά δεδομένα", εννοούμε τυχαίες διευθύνσεις και κατευθύνσεις προσανατολισμού. Η παρουσίασης των τυχαίων γωνιών, των γραφικών αναπαραστάσεων των περιοδικών δεδομένων καθώς και των περιγραφικών μέτρων - μέτρα θέσεως,
διασποράς, λοξότητας, κυρτώσεως - θα μας οδηγήσουν σε μία καλύτερη προσέγγιση, κατανόηση των περιοδικών κατανομών. Επιπλέον, θα παρουσιαστούν αναλυτικά οι βασικές περιοδικές κατανομές, ομοιόμορφη και Von Mises κατανομή. Όμως, θα εξεταστούν και άλλες κατανομές μονοκόρυφες ή πολυκόρυφες, όπως οι περιελιγμένες κατανομές , η συνημίτονο και η καρδιοειδής κατανομή, οι λοξές κατανομές κ.ά.
Τέλος, η εργασία θα αναφερθεί σε μία οικογένεια συμμετρικών περιοδικών κατανομών
που προτάθηκε από τον κύριο Παπακωνσταντίνου και αποτελεί επέκταση της καρδιοειδούς κατανομής,σύμφωνα με εργασία των επιστημόνων Toshihiro Abe,Arthur Pewsey,Kunio Shimizu, παρέχοντας σημαντικά πλεονεκτήματα σε σχέση με άλλες οικογένειες κατανομών.The preparation of this thesis examines, in principle,the concept of probability and its basic properties, such as the random variable and distribution function and presents data of basic discrete and continuous distributions, including normal, uniform, the Poisson, and other distributions of linear statistics. Then it refers to the basic concepts of descriptive statistics, such as the organization and the graphic representation of statistical data, grouping observations Frequency histogram as well as descriptive measures of linear data. Mostly, though, this study represents an overview of statistic methods of presentation and analysis of periodic data. By the term "periodic data" we mean random addresses and directions orientation. The presentation of random angles, graphic representations of periodic data and descriptive measures - measures of location, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis - will lead us to a better approach and understanding of periodic distributions. Furthermore, we present in detail the basic periodic distributions, the uniform and the Von Mises distribution. But other unimodal and multimodal distributions will be examined such as wrapped distributions, the cosine and cardioid distribution, skewed distributions, etc. Finally, this thesis will mention a family of symmetric periodic distributions proposed by Mr. Papakonstantinou and an extension of the cardioid distribution, according to the paper published by the scientists Toshihiro Abe,Arthur Pewsey and Kunio Shimizu, where significant advantages are provided over other families of distributions.