Relevant bibliographies by topics / Angle measure

Academic literature on the topic 'Angle measure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Angle measure.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Angle measure"

1

Horváth, Ivan, and Robert Mendris. "A Different Angle on Quantum Uncertainty (Measure Angle)." Proceedings 13, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019013008.

Full text
Abstract:
The uncertainty associated with probing the quantum state is expressed as the effective abundance (measure) of possibilities for its collapse. New kinds of uncertainty limits entailed by the quantum description of the physical system arise in this manner.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Browning, Christine A., Gina Garza-Kling, and Elizabeth Hill Sundling. "What's Your Angle on Angles?" Teaching Children Mathematics 14, no. 5 (December 2007): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.14.5.0283.

Full text
Abstract:
The word angle may conjure up several thoughts—a corner, two rays and a vertex, or a degree measure. But what about the idea of a turn (a rotation around a fixed point) or of the space between two rays, and what exactly is a degree? Many upper-elementary students have such limited notions of angle that they struggle to provide an appropriate mathematical definition for the term and, instead, describe what we are measuring when we measure an angle. Yet, according to NCTM (2000), students in grades 6–8 must be able to “carefully examine the features of shapes in order to precisely define and describe fundamental shapes” (p. 233). Angle is certainly a prominent feature of shape, so, beginning in the elementary grades, providing students with opportunities to carefully explore the idea of angle is critical for the development of their understanding of geometry. Doing so, however, requires us as teachers to first realize the complexity of the concept of angle. As one sixth-grade student put it, “An angle is a lot more than just degrees.”
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wilson, Patricia S., and Verna M. Adams. "A Dynamic Way to Teach Angle and Angle Measure." Arithmetic Teacher 39, no. 5 (January 1992): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.39.5.0006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Reger, Cheryl. "Sharing Teaching Ideas: Angle Hunt." Mathematics Teacher 83, no. 4 (April 1990): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.83.4.0282.

Full text
Abstract:
The concept of angle is basic in the study of geometry. It is either directly or indirectly a part of the mathematics curriculum at all levels. The activity presented here allows students to estimate angle measures and actually to measure angles. It is easy enough for K–8 students and yet interesting enough to motivate ninth- and tenth-grade students.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chiang, Chun-Ming, and Han-Yang Cheng. "Use smartphones to measure Brewster’s angle." Physics Teacher 57, no. 2 (February 2019): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.5088478.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hardison, Hamilton L., and Hwa Young Lee. "Funky Protractors for Exploring Angle Measure." Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12 113, no. 3 (March 2020): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtlt.2019.0214.

Full text
Abstract:
In this article, we discuss funky protractor tasks, which we designed to provide opportunities for students to reason about protractors and angle measure. We address how we have implemented these tasks, as well as how students have engaged with them.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Chen Haiping, 陈海平, 李佳斌 Li Jiabin, 刘长春 Liu Changchun, 熊召 Xiong Zhao, 周海 Zhou Hai, 袁晓东 Yuan Xiaodong, and 郑万国 Zheng Wanguo. "Research on Angle Measure Error Based on Method of Angle Difference." Acta Optica Sinica 34, no. 10 (2014): 1012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201434.1012003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Giniotis, Vytautas, Mindaugas Rybokas, and Petras Petroškevičius. "INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ACCURACY OF ANGLE CALIBRATION." Geodesy and cartography 30, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2004.9636644.

Full text
Abstract:
Technical possibilities to create equipment for the calibration of flat angles are discussed in the article. The angular standard measure, the radian, has not been realised as a standard unit until now. Nevertheless, the unit of angular measure in degrees is used as the geometric measure of length in geodesy, machine engineering and other branches of industry – by multiangular prisms – polygons with an autocollimator, rotary tables, circular scales, etc. It should be noted that these angle measures are calibrated against the upper level measures (etalons) only at the several intervals depending on the number of sides (angles) of the polygon or the other standard measure. The methods of calibration of constant angle value in full circle are used as well. At the same time geodetic instruments, rotary tables of metal cutting tools and instruments, rotary encoders have a great number of discrete values. These values between the calibrated points remain unknown during calibration. The information received during calibration relative to all the information available can be evaluated using information entropy. The equipment of calibration permitting to select significantly more information would be essential for better accuracy assurance of instruments used in machine engineering, geodesy, building structures. Theoretical and technical background for justifying and developing such equipment for angular accuracy calibration is presented here. A modern scientific and technical background validates this concept.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Grötschel, Martin, Harald Hanche-Olsen, Helge Holden, and Michael P. Krystek. "On Angular Measures in Axiomatic Euclidean Planar Geometry." Measurement Science Review 22, no. 4 (May 14, 2022): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2022-0019.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract We address the issue of angular measure, which is a contested issue for the International System of Units (SI). We provide a mathematically rigorous and axiomatic presentation of angular measure that leads to the traditional way of measuring a plane angle subtended by a circular arc as the length of the arc divided by the radius of the arc, a scalar quantity. We distinguish between the angular magnitude, defined in terms of congruence classes of angles, and the (numerical) angular measure that can be assigned to each congruence class in such a way that, e.g., the right angle has the numerical value π 2 {\pi \over 2} . We argue that angles are intrinsically different from lengths, as there are angles of special significance (such as the right angle, or the straight angle), while there is no distinguished length in Euclidean geometry. This is further underlined by the observation that, while units such as the metre and kilogram have been refined over time due to advances in metrology, no such refinement of the radian is conceivable. It is a mathematically defined unit, set in stone for eternity. We conclude that angular measures are numbers, and the current definition in SI should remain unaltered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Wah Lai, Hau, Cho Man Tsui, and Hing Wah Li. "Computer Aided Verification of Voltage Dips and Short Interruption Generators for Electromagnetic Compatibility Immunity Test in Accordance with IEC 61000-4-11: 2004 + AMD: 2017." NCSL International measure 13, no. 1 (2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.3.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper describes a procedure and a computer-aided system developed by the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) for verification of voltage dip and short interruption generators in accordance with the international standard IEC 61000-4-11:2004+AMD1:2017. The verification is done by calibrating the specified parameters and comparing with the requirements stated in the standard. The parameters that should be calibrated are the ratios of the residual voltages to the rated voltage, the accuracy of the phase angle at switching, and the rise time, fall time, overshoot and undershoot of the switching waveform. A specially built adapter is used to convert the high voltage output waveforms of the generators to lower level signals to be acquired by a digital oscilloscope. The other circuits required for the testing are also provided. In addition, the paper discusses the uncertainty evaluations for the measured parameters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Angle measure"

1

Lhermitte, Julien. "Using coherent small angle xray scattering to measure velocity fields and random motion." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104825.

Full text
Abstract:
The dynamics of cross-linked polymers under stress, such as those thatmake up rubber, are still not well understood. A combination of coherent xrayhomodyne and heterodyne techniques is used in order to measure fluctuations of the system when stretched. The combination of both techniques allows for the measurement of flow patterns, as well as the random nature of the system. After data analysis, the results show that the measurements successfully captured this flow information. The flow velocity was discovered to have a time-dependent nature similar to that of the stress-strain curve. After the flow velocity was extracted, the random nature of the system was analysed. This random motion was discovered not to be dominated by conventional diffusion, but some slower random process.
La dynamique de polymères réticulés de stress, telles que celle qui compose le caoutchouc, n'est pas encore bien comprise. Une combinaison de techniques homodynes et hétérodynes de rayons x coherentes est utilisé pour mesurer les fluctuations du système, une fois étiré. La combinaison des deux techniques permet la mesure des régimes d'écoulement, ainsi que le caractère aléatoire du système. Après l'analyse des données, les résultats montrent que les mesures ont réussi à capturer cet information. La vitesse d'écoulement a été découverte de contenir une nature en fonction du temps semblable à celle de la courbe contrainte-déformation. Après la vitesse d'écoulement a été extraite, la nature aléatoire du système a été analysé. Cette motion a été découverte au hasard de ne pas être dominé par la diffusion classique, mais de certains processus aléatoires plus lents.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Weiner, Stephen (Stephen Andrew). "Design of mechanical testing device to measure break angle of thin, stainless steel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32969.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 25).
Working with Gillette Corporation, an automated mechanical testing tool that bent a small flat piece of steel was designed. The design of the tool was an effort to improve upon previous generations of the same tool. It consisted of three main elements; a servomotor, connected to a torque transducer, which was connected to a break device. A thin piece of steel was loaded into the break device and the motor was activated, moving a flipper arm on the device which bent the steel. While bending this piece of steel, the torque transducer would relay torque and angle information to a computer. This information was collected and displayed in Excel as torque versus angle plots, which would show the moment at which the piece of steel was broken. This entire process was automated so that after loading the steel, one click of a button would run one test. Razorblades were primarily bent with the device until they would break, and for this reason, the measuring tool was called the 'blade break test.' The work consisted of designing a robust mechanical system coupling the three devices mentioned above in series. Code was written in Visual Basic that managed all the individual devices in the measuring tool, getting them to work together and linking them with a computer.
(cont.) A user interface was designed with engineers in mind, imbedding automated data collection and representation through Excel. Finally, a manual was created accompanying the device so other engineers could use, troubleshoot, and modify the 'break test.' The result of this project was the creation of a successful measuring instrument with full documentation and functionality.
by Stephen Weiner.
S.B.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Auffret, Thomas. "Mesure et juste mesure chez Platon." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010569.

Full text
Abstract:
On examine ici deux concepts fondamentaux touchant la genèse et la structure du système platonicien, en proposant de les rapporter à deux modèles empruntés à la mathématique ancienne. Le premier est un postulat, usuellement désigné sous le nom d’axiome d’Eudoxe – Archimède, le second un algorithme de calcul : l’anthyphérèse. Tous deux ressortissent à la théorie mathématique développée par Théétète à la suite des travaux logistiques de Théodore ; il a semblé que leur articulation constituait le socle théorique de la réponse platonicienne à la thèse protagoréenne de l’homo mensura. On a suggéré de replacer cette dernière dans le cadre d’une polémique ancienne regardant la consistance du concept mathématique de mesure, dont la notion naïve fut remise en cause par la découverte successive des rapports incommensurables puis d’ensembles non–archimédiens : les angles mixtilignes. Cela impliquait de réexaminer les rapports possibles entre mathématiques et sophistique : on a choisi à cet effet l’exemple de la quadratrice d’Hippias d’Élis. Il convenait aussi d’envisager la liaison étroite qu’entretiennent la dialectique platonicienne et cette science métrétique rénovée que Platon nomme «juste mesure». On a tenté de montrer comment celle-ci pouvait informer certains procédés de celle-là, à partir de l’étude de quelques passages des dialogues qui jalonnent la dernière période de Platon. La théorie de la division appliquée aux Idées, comme l’analyse et la constitution des mixtes cosmologique, politique et individuel ont ainsi paru pouvoir être examinées dans le cadre de cette hypothèse
Two mathematical notions seem to structure Plato’s theory of measure. The first one is a postulate, usually known as the “Eudoxus axiom”, the other an algorithm called “anthuphairesis”. Both of them belonged to the mathematical theory developed by Theaetetus expanding Theodorus’ logistics. The main hypothesis of this work is that they constitute the core of Plato’s response against the Homo mensura thesis elaborated by Protagoras. We have thus proposed to replace Protagoras’ theory in the enlarged context of a serious crisis affecting the logical consistency of the mathematical notion of measure, provoked by the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes as well as non–Archimedean sets, exemplified by mixtilinear angles. This implied to examine anew the links between ancient sophistic and mathematics, and particularly Plato’s critics against Hippias’ quadratrix. It was also required to study the close relation between platonic dialectic and the new art of measurement exposed by Plato in the Statesman. Thus, by studying some passages mainly taken from Plato’s last dialogues, an attempt has been made to show how the higher art of measurement could inform dialectics. Plato’s theory of division, as well as the analysis and the generation of the mixed structures which constitute the universe, the city and the individual man have thus been tentatively reduced to this model
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Splittstoesser, Riley Emiel. "A simple method for predicting dynamic lumbar motion segment angles using measures of trunk angle and subject anthropomentry." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302112152.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Deshpande, Nandini. "Reliability and sensitivity of ankle proprioceptive measures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63292.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Morier, Rita. "Dynamic joint mechanics as an objective clinical measure of ankle function." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61268.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of the work contained in this thesis was to investigate whether experimental paradigms based on the system identification approach are an effective clinical assessment tool. This was accomplished by conducting two companion studies: a reliability study on a group of fifteen control subjects and a case study of an individual who had sustained a unilateral undisplaced ankle fracture. The data collected in both studies included ankle angular position, torque, and Tibialis Anterior and Triceps Surae electromyograms. From these data, measures of both static (e.g. range of motion) and dynamic (e.g. estimated elastic stiffness) joint function, were obtained.
A number of clinically relevant variables (plantarflexion MVC, dorsiflexion MVC, range of motion, passive torque, K offset, low K region, and the intercept of the K-absolute torque relation) were shown to be reliable. In addition, the results of the case study demonstrated that it would be feasible to use these experimental procedures and analytic methods on individuals who have sustained orthopedic trauma. Finally, certain variables (the K offset, the slope and intercept of the K-torque relation, and a low stiffness region) appeared to be sensitive to the clinical changes associated with orthopedic pathology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Polavieja, Gonzalo Garcia de. "Geometric phase and angle for noncyclic adiabatic change, revivals and measures of quantal instability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325986.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Linens, Shelley. "Determining Sensitive and Accurate Measures for Detecting Balance Deficits Associated with Functional Ankle Instability." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1922.

Full text
Abstract:
The focus of this study was to determine the balance measures most sensitive and accurate in detecting balance deficits associated with functional ankle instability (FAI). Subjects consisted of those with a history of ankle sprains and resultant symptoms of giving way (N=17; Height=167.72±9.11 cm; Mass=67.81±12.29 kg; Age=23.35±3.62 yrs) and subjects without a history of ankle injuries (N=17; Height=168.16±8.32 cm; Mass=66.22±12.35 kg; Age=23.35±3.26 yrs). Data collection consisted of each subject performing static and dynamic balance tests. Static stability was assessed with force plate measures, the Balance Error Scoring System, foot lift test, and time-in-balance test. Dynamic stability was assessed with the Star Excursion Balance Test, side hop test, and figure-of-eight hop test. Significant receiver operating characteristic curves and therefore cutoff scores were found for the foot lift test (P=0.011; cutoff=4.84 foot lifts), time-in-balance test (P=0.020; cutoff=41.23 s), center-of-pressure velocity (P=0.026; cutoff=1.56 cm/s), anterior-posterior time-to-boundary standard deviation of the minima (P=0.054; cutoff=3.72 s), posteromedial reach direction of the Star Excursion Balance Test (P=0.039; cutoff=0.91 normalized to leg length) and side hop test (P=0.044; cutoff=12.88 s). The associated positive (≥2) and negative (≤0.05) likelihood ratios with each cutoff score indicated that changes in positive and negative posttest probabilities from the pretest probability of 50% were small, yet significant. Essentially, the significant change between pretest and posttest probabilities indicates that clinically relevant information was gained by conducting these balance measure because they quantified a high proportion of individuals with a positive test who have FAI and a low proportion of individuals with a negative test who have FAI. No significance was found for the Balance Error Scoring System (P=0.249), center-of-pressure area (P=0.547), anteromedial (P=0.134) and medial (P=0.125) reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the figure-of-eight hop test (P=0.117). In conclusion, we found the foot lift test, time-in-balance test, center-of-pressure velocity, anterior-posterior time-to-boundary standard deviation of the minima, posteromedial reach direction of the Star Excursion Balance Test, and the side hop test to be sensitive and accurate balance measures for detecting balance deficits associated with FAI. We suggest utilizing these measures and their cutoff scores to evaluate balance deficits associated with FAI.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Forster, Shauna. "A bilateral electro-hydraulic actuator system to measure dynamic ankle joint stiffness during human stance /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80012.

Full text
Abstract:
The role of the stretch reflex during upright stance remains unclear despite research that has been conducted to date. We have developed a bilateral electro-hydraulic actuator system to measure the dynamic joint stiffness of the human ankle during standing and help understand the role of the stretch reflex in the control of posture. The apparatus consists of two foot pedals that are each connected to an electro-hydraulic rotary actuator. Transducers were incorporated to measure the position and torque of each actuator, the angle of the ankle with respect to the foot plate, and the positions of the knee and hip. The experimental apparatus allows independent perturbations to be applied to each ankle. One subject was studied using the new apparatus and the results showed that reflexes are present during the perturbed standing task.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Patwari, Neal. "Measured and Modeled Time and Angle Dispersion Characteristics of the 1.8 GHz Peer-to-Peer Radio Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32201.

Full text
Abstract:
In an extensive outdoor propagation study, low antenna heights of 1.7 m are used at both the transmitter and the receiver to measure over 3500 wideband power-delay profiles (PDPs) of the channel for a peer-to-peer communications system. Rural and urban areas are studied in 22 different transmitter-receiver links. The results are used to characterize the narrowband path loss, mean delay, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and timing jitter of the peer-to-peer wideband channel. Small-scale fading characteristics are measured in detail by measuring and analyzing 160 PDPs within each local area. This thesis shows the measurement setup for the calculation of fading rate variance and angular spread and reports the first known attempt to calculate angular spread from track power measurements. New analysis presented in this thesis shows the effect of measurement error in the calculation of angular spread. The expected characteristics of angular spread are derived using two different angle-of-arrival (AOA) models from the literature. Measurement results show initial validation of Durgin's angular spread theory. A new measurement-based algorithm for simulating wideband fading processes is developed and implemented. This simulation technique shows promise in the simulation of high-bit rate peer-to-peer radio communication systems.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Angle measure"

1

Company, Royal Shakespeare. The blue angel/ Measure for measure: [RSC Education study pack]. Stratford-upon-Avon: Royal Shakespeare Company, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Oestreich, Alan E. How to Measure Angles from Foot Radiographs. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4055-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

How to measure angles from foot radiographs: A primer. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Isaev, L. K. Russko-anglo-frant︠s︡uzsko-nemet︠s︡ko-ispanskiĭ slovarʹ osnovnykh i obshchikh terminov v metrologii. Moskva: IPK Izd-vo standartov, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

International Association of Fire Chiefs., ed. Exam prep: Technical rescue : high angle. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Solomon, Kenneth A. Altering pool upslope angles to improve deep end diving safety, and related safe water issues. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Britain, Great. The law relating to social security: The statutes, regulations and orders as now in force. London: HMSO, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Peter, Allsop, ed. Current law statutes annotated. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Peter, Allsop, ed. Current law statutes annotated. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Britain, Great. The law relating to social security: The statutes, regulations and orders as now in force. London: HMSO, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Angle measure"

1

Millman, Richard S., and George D. Parker. "Angle Measure." In Geometry, 90–123. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4436-3_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Schmitt, M., M. Schmitt, M. Schmitt, and F. Heib. "A More Appropriate Procedure to Measure and Analyse Contact Angles/Drop Shape Behaviours." In Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, 1–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119459996.ch1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cheng, Cheng, and Min-Sen Chiu. "Nonlinear Process Modeling Based on Just-in-Time Learning and Angle Measure." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1311–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45224-9_177.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gjonaj, Erion, Yun Ouedraogo, and Sebastian Schöps. "Modelling of Droplet Dynamics in Strong Electric Fields." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 107–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_6.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractWe describe a modelling approach for the simulation of droplet dynamics in strong electric fields. The model accounts for electroquasistatic fields, convective and conductive currents, contact angle dynamics and charging effects associated with droplet breakup processes. Two classes of applications are considered. The first refers to the problem of water droplet oscillations on the surface of outdoor high-voltage insulators. The contact angle characteristics resulting from this analysis provides a measure for the estimation of the electric field inception thresholds for electrical discharges on the surface. The second class of applications consists in the numerical characterization of electrosprays. Detailed simulations confirm the scaling law for the first electrospray ejection and, furthermore, provide insight on the charge-radius characteristics for transient as well as steady state electrosprays.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ma, Siyuan, Man Wang, Chunye Du, and Yang Zhao. "Measure of Compatibility Based Angle Computing for Balanced Posture Control on Self-balancing Vehicles." In Intelligent Computing Methodologies, 551–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42297-8_51.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ghosh, David, Reinhard Strey, and Barbara E. Wyslouzil. "Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Measure Homogeneous Nucleation Rates of n-propanol in a Supersonic Nozzle." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 153–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_31.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zhao, Wen-Bo, Ji-Yan Du, Li-Ming Wang, and Yong-Ke Chen. "A Novel Approximate Algorithm Used for Solving the Netting Radar Measure Elevation Angle Based on the Target Altitude." In Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence, 1127–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85984-0_135.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Law, Kock-Yee, and Hong Zhao. "What Do Contact Angles Measure?" In Surface Wetting, 99–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25214-8_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hofmann, Siegfried. "Optimizing Measured Signal Intensity: Emission Angle, Incidence Angle and Surface Roughness." In Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 205–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27381-0_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gaunson, A. B. "Desperate Measures." In The Anglo-French Clash in Lebanon and Syria, 1940–45, 27–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18549-8_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Angle measure"

1

Chen Jianjun, Feng Guoyu, Huang Mengjun, and Fu Qiang. "Application of particle filter for angle measure." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicisys.2010.5658452.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tanis, Fred J. "Holographic instrument to measure small-angle scattering." In San Diego '92, edited by Gary D. Gilbert. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.140639.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wu, Hao, and Wan-Chi Siu. "Real time railway extraction by angle alignment measure." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2015.7351670.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kang, Hie Chan, and Anthony M. Jacobi. "Mass-Area Method to Measure the Contact Angle on Hydrophilic Surfaces." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64507.

Full text
Abstract:
A mass-area method is proposed to overcome problems in the measurement of the equilibrium contact angles for rough and hydrophilic surfaces. A goniometer usually measures the contact angle at the top plane of a rough surface, not the contact line of the solid-liquid interface. The present method estimates the contact angle indirectly from the volume of the liquid and the size of the contact area, assuming a spherical cap and consistent with a minimization of the free energy. The present method shows a roughly linear relationship with measurements by a goniometer for smooth surfaces of various solid materials with various liquids, but the goniometer measurements are smaller. An example test and the error of the present measurement method are presented and discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Du, Jingjing, and Chunyue Song. "An included angle based nonlinearity measure for hammerstein-like systems." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering (ICEICE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceice.2011.5777491.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jyotsna, Navin Rajpal, and Virendra P. Vishwakarma. "Face recognition using Symlet, PCA and cosine angle distance measure." In 2016 Ninth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2016.7880231.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zhou, Jian, Hong Zhao, Wenyi Chen, Feng Tian, Yushan Tan, and Yongyi Ma. "Double beams to measure 3-D rigid body angle displacements." In Intl. Conf. on Experimental Mechanics: Advances and Applications, edited by Fook S. Chau and C. T. Lim. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.269857.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Du, Yingzi, and Danny Isklandar. "Using block-based spectral angle measure for iris pattern matching." In Electronic Imaging 2007, edited by Jaakko T. Astola, Karen O. Egiazarian, and Edward R. Dougherty. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.702640.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lee, Jeong-whan, Lee-yon Hong, Jae-hoon Jun, Kang-hwi Lee, Kyeong-seop Kim, Dong-jun Kim, and Kyung-ho Kim. "A Simple Optical Angular Sensors to Measure the Human Joint Angle." In 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2006.315285.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Qin, Qiang, Qiancheng Zhao, Fang Yang, Dacheng Zhang, and Guizhen Yan. "A novel method to measure the sidewall angle of MEMS structures." In 2017 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8233950.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Angle measure"

1

Shillito, Rose, Markus Berli, and Teamrat Ghezzehei. Quantifying the effect of subcritical water repellency on sorptivity : a physically based model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41054.

Full text
Abstract:
Soil water wettability or water repellency is a phenomenon that can affect infiltration and, ultimately, runoff. Thus, there is a need to develop a model that can quantitatively capture the influence of water repellency on infiltration in a physically meaningful way and within the framework of existing infiltration theory. The analytical model developed in this study relates soil sorptivity (an infiltration parameter) with contact angle (a direct measure of water repellency) for variably saturated media. The model was validated with laboratory experiments using a silica sand of known properties treated to produce controlled degrees of water repellency. The measured contact angle and sorptivity values closely matched the model‐predicted values. Further, the relationship between the frequently used water drop penetration time test (used to assess water repellency) and sorptivity was illustrated. Finally, the direct impact of water repellency on saturated hydraulic conductivity was investigated due to its role in infiltration equations and to shed light on inconsistent field observations. It was found that water repellency had minimal effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of structureless sand. A quantitative model for infiltration incorporating the effect of water repellency is particularly important for post‐fire hydrologic modeling of burned areas exhibiting water repellent soils.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

Full text
Abstract:
Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lizama-Pérez, Rodrigo, Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos, Luis Chirosa-Ríos, Enrique Olave, Carmen Ferragut, Helena Vila, and Daniel Jerez-Mayorga. Effects of eccentric exercise on muscle architecture in adults: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0094.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: Question: What is the effect of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population? Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effects of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population. Condition being studied: Healthy individuals who were subjected to eccentric training. Eligibility criteria: Articles that met the following criteria were included in this review: (I) subjects >18 years old, (II) Eccentric training program longer than 4 weeks (III) Studies with randomized clinical trial design, (IV) studies reporting measures of muscle architecture: “pennation angle”, “fascicle length”, “muscle thickness”, (V) full text available, and (VI) articles in English. In addition, we excluded all those articles that (I) Eccentric training programs of less than 4 weeks (II) conference presentations, theses, books, editorials, review articles and expert opinions, (III) duplicate articles, and (IV) articles in which the principal or secondary authors did not respond to e-mail requests.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Cavatorta, Elisa, and Orazio Attanasio. Innovations in measurement and the evaluation of human behaviour. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb9.

Full text
Abstract:
If policymakers or researchers aim to improve an intervention, scale it up, or assess why it works and for whom, then focussing solely on direct outcomes is not enough. There are several ways in which evaluations can go beyond traditional outcome measurement and explore the underlying drivers of impact and the behaviours of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. - Measurement goes hand in hand with developing a theory of change, and the two work best when they evolve jointly: new (and better) measurements could allow the consideration of more flexible and realistic theories, while theory informs the construction and design of new measures. - Linking measurement to human behaviour and decision-making processes offers useful angles for identifying the underlying drivers of an intervention’s impacts. - Measurement innovation and improvements—including the construction of new measures—are an important endeavour requiring cross-disciplinary input. This endeavour should be promoted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

Full text
Abstract:
Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 > 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rosse, Anine. Stream channel monitoring for Wind Cave National Park 2021 Data report. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296623.

Full text
Abstract:
The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began stream channel monitoring in Highland Creek at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) in 2021. This data report summarizes the data collected during the 2021 season pertaining to watershed, reach, and physical habitat. After data are collected for at least four cycles, trends may be reported. This report covers three main areas: 1) Reporting on upland channel characteristics data that may affect habitat such as: land cover, drainage area, and total stream length; 2) Reporting of geomorphic dimensions such as: channel widths, bank angles, vegetative cover, reach slope, measures of bank stability; and 3) Determining physical habitat characteristics such as: size and distribution of bed sediment, large woody debris, and canopy cover. Indices, benchmarks, and other studies are provided in the table for informational purposes to help put Highland Creek’s measurements in context but should not be considered as a reference condition. Upland characteristics of the watershed indicate high natural land use cover (forest, grassland, and shrubland) with little development in the area. Reach characteristics include bank cover, heights, bank stability index, and vegetative cover. In addition to animal-induced erosion of the banks, bank sloughing and widening are occurring. Angles are steep, and there are some sandy banks that are unstable. When plots are revisited in three years, there will be greater understanding of the processes at play and the condition of the stream. Physical characteristics include median particle size, percentage fine substrate, geomorphic units, and canopy cover. Gravel substrate still covers much of the stream; there are wide meanders in the stream bed; and a variety of geomorphic channel units (pool, riffle, run) occur in the creek all of which are indicators of healthy habitat. While there is an absence of large woody debris and canopy cover is low, many grassland streams in good condition can have similar characteristics. More data are needed to fully assess those components and determine a suitable reference condition that can be used to later assess the status and trends of Highland Creek. The reach data contained in this report are specific to a short 150-m segment of Highland Creek and cannot be extrapolated to conditions elsewhere in the creek or to the park in general. Bank erosion and bank instability were observed along the majority of transects at site WICA SCM 001.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kelly, Luke. Definitions, Characteristics and Monitoring of Conflict Economies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.024.

Full text
Abstract:
The idea of conflict economies is a broad concept encompassing several research angles. Definitions differ according to these focuses. Some of the main uses of the concept are to understand: • economic analysis of the motives for and likelihood of war • financing of state and non-state belligerents • how the continuation of conflicts can be explained by rational motives including economic ones • how conflict affects economic activity, and how conflict parties and citizens adapt Some distinctive characteristics of war economies are (Ballentine & Nitzschke, 2005, p. 12): • They involve the destruction or circumvention of the formal economy and the growth of informal and black markets, • Pillage, predation, extortion, and deliberate violence against civilians is used by combatants to acquire control over lucrative assets, capture trade networks and diaspora remittances, and exploit labour; • War economies are highly decentralised and privatised, both in the means of coercion and in the means of production and exchange; • Combatants increasingly rely on the licit or illicit exploitation of / trade in lucrative natural resources • They thrive on cross-border trading networks, regional kin and ethnic groups, arms traffickers, and mercenaries, as well as legally operating commercial entities, each of which may have a vested interest in the continuation of conflict and instability. The first section of this rapid review outlines the evolution of the term and key definitions. Most of this discussion occurs in the academic literature around the early 2000s. The second looks at key characteristics of conflict economies identified in the literature, with examples where possible from both academic and grey literature. The third section briefly identifies methodologies used to measure and monitor conflict economies, as well as some current research and programmes on conflict economies, from academic literature as well as NGOs and other sources. The findings have been derived via a literature search and advice from experts in the field. Given time constraints, the report is not comprehensive. The review is gender- and disability blind.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Angle measure' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography