Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anglais (langue) – Subordination (linguistique) – Histoire'
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Lelandais, Manon. "Expression multimodale de la subordination en anglais." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2018/document.
Full textBased on a video recording of conversational British English and within the framework of Multimodal Discourse Analysis, this study tests whether three different syntactic types of subordinate structures are evenly integrated to their environment. Subordinate constructions have been described in syntax as dependent forms elaborating on primary elements of discourse. Beyond showing that subordinate constructions are not evenly dependent on their environment depending on how speakers use the prosodic and kinetic modalities to express greater (in)dependency, our results in production as in perception suggest on the one hand that appositive clauses show more break than the other syntactic types, and on the other hand that the creation of a break mainly relies on prosodic cues
Vallée, Michaël. "La coordination et la subordination à l'épreuve des opérations énonciatives : le cas du connecteur "for"." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5007.
Full textLe, Draounlec Anne. "Étude présuppositionnelle des subordonnées temporelles." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20096.
Full textThe main goal of this dissertation is to show that the analysis of temporal subordinate clauses may benefit from a presuppositional approach. The study is divided in three parts. The first one is devoted to a survey of presuppositional inference in general (chapter 1), and of the "presupposition projection" problem. The second part defines in more precise terms the relation between presupposition and temporal subordination. It appears that the presuppositional character of temporal clauses explains how they take part in the organization of discourse (chapter 3). Chapter 4, more specifically devoted to the aspectual and temporal properties of temporal clauses, shows that they have a "subsidiary" reference time, which is also presupposed. In chapter 5, we examine the difficulties raised by temporal clauses referring to a future situation. We finally see, in chapter 6, that the absence of a reference time explains the difficulty in introducing a negation in the temporal clause. In the third part, the interest focuses on before-clauses which do not presuppose that the eventuality described has actually taken place. Chapter 7 develops the hypothesis that a contextual implication may justify the counterfactual interpretation of the subordinate clause. However, it appears that the analysis remains insatisfactory, for it fails to explain why, in some cases, the realization of the situation described in the clause is in suspension. In a attempt to resolve this difficulty, i show in chapter 8 that what plays a fundamental role is the perspective from which the presupposition is viewed
Castagné, Clotilde. "La logique énonciative des structures relatives "déviantes" en anglais contemporain." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030069.
Full textWithin the linguistic frame of the theory of enunciation this 6research deals with non-standard relative structures in oral english - zero subject relative pronoun, "as" and "what" relative pronouns and relative clauses with a redundant pronoun. First of all, we put forward a hypothesis about the so-called standard relatives, bringing into light the operation of preconstruction well illustrated by the acquisition of relatives by children. We then try to analyse the enunciative logic of non-standard relative structures in terms of discursive integration. Zero subject relatiwe commonly found in middle-english now appear in two main types of structures ("it is np" and there is np"). Each corresponds to different discursive patterns but to one and the same syntactic pattern in which the svo word order is maintained. This is also true of the other non-standard relatives, thus avoiding the operation of preconstruction above mentioned, and it seems to be a universal feature of relativisation in various languages in the world
Ranger, Graham. "Les constructions concessives en anglais moderne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX1A025.
Full textThe study deals with those utterances normally labelled 'subordinate clauses of concession'. The metalinguistic construction of a concessive signification implies a three-way opposition between unicity and heterogeneity. Thus a supposedly unique concessive signification can in fact be constructed heterogeneously ; a single form can receive various interpretations ; the concessive signification itself can similarly be shown to be fundamentally heterogeneous, so that one might speak of concessive significations in the plural. For an accurate analysis of the construction of a concessive signification it is not sufficient to list potentially concessive forms, or to indicate various concessive effects in context. One must adopt an approach which works on the dialectic relation between the language-artefact and the activity of language (chapter 1). The problem posed by various sorts of concessive signification may be partially resolved using a unique concessive schema which all concessive utterances can be reduced to (chapter 2). The links between form and signification become less paradoxical if one accepts that a linguistic form does not refer to a rigid signification but to an abstract and deformable schematic form, which receives a precise signification only after complex interaction with other contextual elements. Thus the term of concessive construction is used not to mean a syntactical structure, but a veritable act of enunciative construction. Different means of constructing a concessive signification may be indicated : by differentiation (though etc. Chapter 3), by reference to a high degree (chapter 4), by a class-scanning operation (chapter 5), by markers of hypothesis (chapter 6), and by markers of negation (chapter 7). For each of these means of construction, one may demonstrate the existence of a formally motivated metalinguistic link between the schematic form postulated for the markers in question, the general concessive schema and the particular concessive signification
Kanté, Issa. "La complétive nominale finie : entre syntaxe et sémantique : une étude contrastive anglais-francais." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_kante.pdf.
Full textGardelle, Laure. "Le genre en anglais moderne (seizième siècle à nos jours) : le système des pronoms." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040012.
Full textWhile grammars of English today view gender as a category that can be easily accounted for, they fail to explain many of its uses. For example, why are there so many variations in discourse for a given referent ? Why use the feminine sometimes for a ship or a lawn, but the masculine for a fork or a spider ? This thesis explores the true foundations of the category of gender in modern English, by analyzing those pronouns on which gender is marked. After defining the notion of gender and reviewing existing theories, it offers a detailed analysis of an extensive corpus sampling language use from the 16th century to the present. It shows obvious evolutions in the use of gender in discourse ; the study seeks to determine whether they reflect systemic evolutions or whether they can be ascribed to other factors. Finally, a cognitive description of the category, enriched with a brief comparison with dialects, enables to look into the fundamental function of gender
Mélac, Éric. "L'évidentialité en anglais - approche contrastive à partir d'un corpus anglais-tibétain." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030172/document.
Full textThis study aims to give a detailed description of evidentiality in English in contrast with Tibetan. It is based on a specialised corpus collected in Tibet and in England (TSC and CSC/LAC, 2010-2012, 10 h.).Tibetan has a complex and grammaticalised evidential system, and its description can provide a preliminary analytical grid for a semantic assessment of English evidentiality. Athentic examples and quantitative data from the corpus illustrate and supplement the analyses of the Tibetan verb phrase from previous research (Tournadre & Sangda Dorje 1998), in order to lay the foundation of the semantics of evidentiality. The evidential markers that emerge in the Tibetan and English sections of the corpus are examined so as to determine the parameters that motivate their usage. Tibetan evidentials are mainly grammatical and paradigmatised: copulas, verb suffixes and enclitics. English evidentials are either lexical or semi-grammatical: perception verbs, cognition verbs, speech verbs, modals, adverbs, conjuncts, parentheticals and discourse markers (Nuyts 2001a, Cappelli 2007, Sanders & Sweetser 2009, Mortensen 2010, Whitt 2010, Gisborne 2010, Miller 2008, Boulonnais 2010, Gurajek 2010, Kaltenböck et al. 2011, Heine 2013).This survey of Tibetan and English evidentiality provides precise data for the analysis of the consequences of a grammatical or a lexical rendering of this notion (Talmy 2000, Bybee et al. 1994, Nuyts 2001a, Boye & Harder 2009). Qualitative and quantitative evidence illustrates the differences in complexity, optionality, frequency, semantic restriction, speaker commitment, informative status and discourse strategy in the two systems. Finally, this study reassesses the assumed dichotomy between grammatical and lexical evidentiality (Aikhenvald 2004), arguing that evidentials in both Tibetan and English inhabit a lexicon-grammar multidimensional continuum, merely in different positions. This study does not question that the Tibetan evidential system is more grammaticalised than the English one, but it shows that the latter presents all the signs of partial grammaticalisation. This reassessment leads to the conclusion that evidentiality is a relevant and necessary notion for a thorough linguistic description of English
Leonarduzzi, Laetitia. "La subordonnée interrogative en anglais contemporain." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597613.
Full textPassot, Frédérique. "La hiérarchisation des constituants discursifs dans un corpus d'anglais oral spontané." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011240.
Full textL'étude de la subordination causale révèle l'apparition de formes nouvelles et d'usages propres à l'oral spontané. Distribution et valeur intersubjective distinguent ainsi cos de because. Plus généralement, la dépendance syntaxique entre propositions liées s'assouplit, les marqueurs de subordination contribuant essentiellement à l'organisation thématique.
Hauteur mélodique, intensité et pauses participent à l'édifice conversationnel à tous les plans qui nous intéressent. Nous montrons dans quelle mesure l'intonation contribue à la construction du consensus sur lequel se fonde l'échange, ainsi qu'à son organisation thématique et interactionnelle.
Przewozny, Anne. "Histoire d'un phénomène linguistique : la défense de l'anglais australien : 1788-2000." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040234.
Full textFrom 1788 onwards, the definitions of English in Australia are negative : the vocabulary is slangy and vulgar, the pronunciation is nasal and slipshod. These attitudes provoke a linguistic complex of inferiority towards Great Britain. This complex is the mainspring of the phenomenon of defence of Australian English. During the Bulletin era, as the detractors of Australian English acquire a pseudo-scientific credibility, a resolution to defend the language emerges. There are three stages of evolution in the defence : claim, recognition and justification. The champions of Australian English have been working on the acceptance of an Australian linguistic change. They favour an endocentric view on Australian English rather than a eurocentric comparative judgment. In the prescientific era, S. J. Baker found support in America, with H. L. Mencken. During the scientific era, the Australian linguists proved that Australian English is appropriate to its environment, providing a scientific and institutional justification
Le, Prieult Henri. "Le concept de predication dans l'analyse syntaxique de l'anglais. Histoire d'un concept theorique. 1890-1990." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20072.
Full textAfter a brief account of the concepts linked to the analysis of the predication in the antiquity and the english grammatical tradition of the 18th century, the prominent theoretical models, resulting either from schools or from scholars of the 20th century are closely examined. Thus are successively surveyed the works of the founding figures of contemporary linguistics in the english speaking world (saussure, sapir, bloomfield, sweet, firth and jespersen), then those appearing bertween the 1930s and the 1960s (american structuralism, guillaume, martinet, halliday and the generative-transformational grammar), and finally those resulting froom the evolution of the generative framework (extended standard and government-binding theories, generative semantics) and the "enunciation theories" (from benveniste to culioli). A global and theoretical approach offers, as a conclusion, a comprehensive picture of the predication in englisch linguistics throughout the considered period
Bonthoux-Philippe, Brigitte. "Is THAT all right ? : le rôle de la conjonction de subordination THAT dans les énoncés de structure de discours indirect classique en anglais américain contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0416.
Full textThis thesis tackles the question of the role played by THAT in the so-called Indirect Speech utterances. After exploring the information previously available in the first chapter, which shows that some contexts make the presence of the conjunction compulsory, the second and third chapters, organized around the non-neutral reporting verbs on one side and the commonest reporting verb say on the other, focus on its usage in American English through the use of the web-based Corpus of Contemporary American English. This leads to the exploration of the intentionality of the speaker using the pattern mentioned above. More specifically, this study tests the idea that the intentionality might impact the presence of THAT, and inversely, that its absence or presence can help recognize the intentionality of the speaker and thus can hint at differentiated occurrences having the same structure but not the same meaning. In turn, this implies that some items answer the definition of indirect speech when others fall outside its scope. In the former cases, its absence brings nuances (questioning the contents of the subordinate or showing it as false). In the latter cases, the substance of the seeming subordinate seems more important than the introducing clause which is therefore used to assert strongly, to introduce facts, or to present information without committing
Glikman, Julie. "Parataxe et Subordination en ancien français. Système syntaxique, variantes et variation." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5678/.
Full textParataxis and subordination, two sometimes antithetical terms, are problematic due to their high degree of polysemy. It is from this ambiguity that arises the subject of this study, asyndetic constructions, which have an uncertain status between integration and independence. In this dissertation we propose a reexamination of this ancient phenomenon, already well known in Old French, by placing it in the context of questions and advances in current research on the subject. In order to do this we must first give a definition of subordination. We then go on to show that asyndetic constructions are indeed a case of subordination. Finally, this dissertation shows that this phenomenon constitutes, at least in Old French, a free syntactic variation. Its dispersion and presence in texts diminished very early, but the existence of similar phenomena in Modern French, as well as other indicators, allow us to make the hypothesis that this evolution is due to an oral / written alternation. This dissertation thus shows that the issue related to subordination and parataxis do not actually differ, whether in Old French or Modern French, and that parataxis is indeed a construction in the language system.
Magno, e. Silva Walkyria. "Etude linguistique d'un corpus de manuels d'informatique : application à la lecture en langue étrangère." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20048.
Full textA corpus of 23 hardware and software computer manuals was studied in order to find out their main characteristics. Focusing on the "Installation and Use" section of these manuals, a linguistic analysis was conducted under the light of two main theoretical currents. On the one hand, the methodology derived from the theory of sublanguages (Z. Harris, 1968, 1982; L. Hirschman & N. Sager, 1982; J. Lehrberger, 1982) helped establish the common grounds of phrase stuctures found in this written genre. Techniques base on distributional analysis were employed to determine the information format of the six most frequent action verbs in the corpus (J. M. Adam, 1985,1992) proved the high incidence of the procedural discourse and showed the interrelation among this type of text and the descriptive and explanatory ones. Pedagogical actions intended to a public of university students who need to read texts in English in the domain of computer sciences were eventually proposed
Hounhouayenou-Toffa, Adjovi Ernest. "La notion d'irréel et ses avatars terminologiques dans les grammaires françaises et anglophones de l'anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL072.
Full textBased on a vast corpus of grammars and dictionaries of linguistic terminology, all published between the 16th and the 21st centuries in the French and Anglophone traditions, this thesis exposes and unravels the paradoxes raised by the term irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity). If several studies have indeed analysed the linguistic expression of unreality in present-day English, only few have shed light on the discontinuity between the unspecialised use of the term and the specialised one. Notwithstanding that it is a conventional term in the French grammatical tradition, irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity) are often portrayed as referring to nebulous and abstract notions, with polymorphic terminological manifestations, which explains why their adequacy and usefulness are at stake in linguistic descriptions. Our corpus-based approach thus seeks to explain and ultimately solve the problem posed by the complex terminological web that arises out of these notions. A careful perusal of our corpus reveals that, in view of the way unreality is conceptualised in French and Anglophone grammars, non-factuality cannot be conceived as a binary category. In line with the socio-cognitive approach to terminology, we suggest a modelisation of unreality that is articulated around a prototype structure
Kramar, Nataliya. "Le fonctionnement des anglicismes lexématiques dans le magazine humoristique québécois Croc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30026/30026.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of lexical borrowing from English into French. More precisely, we analyse the way English loanwords function in Quebec French (QF), after having assumed that a better understanding of this functionning can provide an explanation as to the vitality of these anglicisms in QF, as well as help to grasp the relation between these anglicisms and Quebec identity, and shed some more light on the causes of the loanword phenomenon. Our corpus has been extracted from the Croc humor magazine, rich in English loanwords and revealing, as it appeared to us, in terms of Quebec identity. Thirty issues of this magazine were looked through in order to establish our database of lexical anglicisms. The fifteen most frequent words of this list (bingo, cheap, chum, coke, fun, gang, hamburger, hot dog, job, joke, party, pinotte, pot smatte, waiter/waitress) were then analyzed according to two aspects. First, to describe denotations, we partly applied models supplied by the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology Framework developped by Mel’čuk, Clas and Polguère (1995). Then, to identify the connotations of anglicisms in the texts of Croc, we used an adaptation of the classification of connotative facts established by Kerbrat-Orecchioni in The Connotation (1977). Our analysis of lexical anglicisms in QF led to two main conclusions. First, the study of denotations has revealed their polysemy, i.e. “ semantic productivity ”, which proves their vitality in the linguistic, limited, sense of the word. The study of connotations seems to help to explain their vitality in the broad sense of the word, i.e. “ dynamism, energy, spontaneity ”. The “ slippery ” essence of connotations – diverse, playful, related to a given space and time and to a certain “ worldview ” – has indeed confirmed their vital texture and revealed their close relation to a specific (namely Quebec) identity. Our thesis tries to show that codification of connotations, however difficult, is possible to some extent.
Djiecheu, Yannick. "Cultures éducatives et traditions d’enseignement des langues officielles au Canada : Analyses de textes officiels, de manuels et de témoignages d’enseignants en Ontario et au Québec." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030017.
Full textStarting from the premise that practical language teaching is deeply characterized by variations,this research suppose that face to face and divergent educational and linguistic cultures canexplain these variations and their factors. Through a comparative analysis of Canadian officialtexts, textbooks and teachers’ discourses, we aim to show that divergent teaching traditionsbetween French and English as second language can appear in the discourses about secondlanguage teaching in this country. In this way, these traditions could ask the question about acommon and shared educational and teaching culture in Canada