Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anévrisme intracrâniens'
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Bourcier, Romain. "Génétique et physiopathologie des formes familiales d'anévrismes intracrâniens." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1013.
Full textIntracranial Aneurysms (lA) are defined by an acquired hernia of the arterial wall arising on arterial bifurcations. There is a characteristic topographical predilection for the vessels of the skull base. Few studies have addressed the role of genetic factors in the familial forms of lA. We have conducted an original study thanks to biocollection built to identify one or more genetic variations causally related to lA formation. Our study used a high-throughput exome sequencing approach. The clinical phenotyping and the recruitment of relevant patients is a key prerequisite in order to identify genetic variations. This step consists in the identification of familial forms of lA rigorously phenotyped over several generations. The GAIA project has initially permitted the recruitment of 4 large families originating from the region of Nantes and Vendée. These families were genetically informative and an autosomal dominant transmission was suggested. High-throughput exome sequencing revealed a mutation shared by all members with lA in one of these families. This mutation is located in a gene encoding for a circulating protein related to angiogenesis (ANGPTL6). The serum level of ANGPTL6 could appear as a biomarker of lA. The initial study is now deployed toward a nationwide biocoliection; The ICAN project, in order to identify biological signaling pathways of interest, thus making it possible to better understand pathophysiology of lA. We finally aim to propose a personalized management of lA
Lubicz, Boris. "Evaluation de l'apport des nouvelles techniques diagnostiques et thérapeutiques pour la prise en charge des anévrysmes intracrâniens." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S017.
Full textProust, François. "Intérêt du doppler transcrânien et évaluation de la morbidité et mortalité postopératoire des anévrismes intracrâniens." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUE06NR.
Full textLanglois, Olivier. "Chirurgie des anévrismes intracrâniens et thromboses artérielles post-opératoires : Étude sur une série de 250 patients." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUEM146.
Full textPiotin, Michel. "Augmentation du remplissage des anévrismes intracrâniens à l'aide de spirales en platine : études in vitro du taux de remplissage anévrismal, mesure des volumes anévrismaux in vitro et in vivo, applications et résultats cliniques." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002382850204611&vid=upec.
Full textBackground: to fill an aneurysm with detachable platinum coils as much as possible ensure protection against further aneurysm recurrence. As a start, silicone sidewall aneurysm models were filled with various types of coils using conventional endovascular technique. Higher packing ratios (volume of inserted coils / volume of the aneurysm) were obtained with “Soft” coils when compared with “Standard” coils. As well, “Complex-shaped” coils provided with higher packing ratios than did “Helicoidal” coils. Moreover, 3D angiography was found to be more accurate than CT and MR angiographies in the determination of the aneurysm volume. Secondly, in the clinical setting, we used 3D angiography in 255 aneurysm volume measurements and calculation of packing ratios. High aneurysm packing ratios were not found to protect against aneurysm recurrence. Conversely, the aneurysm volume and the duration of angiographic follow-up were found to be statistically determinant factors of aneurysm recurrence
Saccardy, Fabrice. "Intérêt du scanner multicoupe dans la détection et la caractérisation des anévrismes intracrâniens : comparaison avec l'artériographie numérisée." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT1061.
Full textCottier, Jean-Philippe. "Angiographie par résonance magnétique : validation et optimisation pour la surveillance des anévrismes intracrâniens traités par coils GDC (Guglielmi Detachable Coils)." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3303.
Full textIn our study, MR angiography was a sensitive and very specific method to access the stability of an incomplete occlusion or to diagnose recanalization of the intracranial aneurysm. The use of gadolinium did not improve the ability of 3D time of flight MR angiography to detect the presence of residual or recurrent aneurysm. In one giant aneurysm, the use of intravenous medium contrast did result in improved visualization of a residual aneurysm. With the parameters used, first-pass dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography images had a good resolution but its spatial resolution were lower than those on enhanced 3D time of flight MR angiography images performed in the steady state. MR angiography results was better than the analyse of the coil-ball appearance on plain radiographic to predict the instability of angiographic occlusion. The artifact due to the use of a GDC Trispan coil has been confirmed by an in vitro study
Ballet, Anne-cécile. "Traitement neurochirurgical et endovasculaire des anévrismes intracrâniens : approche économique de deux alternatives thérapeutiques sur le CHU de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P082.
Full textGallas, Sophie. "Evaluation à moyen et long terme du traitement endovasculaire des anévrismes intracrâniens par l'optimisation des séquences d'Angiographie par Résonance Magnétique : à propos d'une cohorte de patients, avec 1036 anévrismes cérébraux suivis depuis 1998." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3302/document.
Full textSince 1991 and the introduction of detachable intracranial coils, the endovasculary treatment of cerebral aneurysms has become an established treatment technique and has supplied surgical approach of these aneurysms. The rate of morbidity and mortality of this new technique is now well known and law. Initial Angiographic and clinical results were yet published with good outcome. Concern exists about long term reopening and the inherent risk of recurrent hemorrhage and long-term imaging follow-up is advocated. Digital Substract Hemorrhage was the gold standard for detection and follow-up of patients, but this diagnostic procedure is invasive and exposes the patient to a small risk of serious complication. MR angiography has been used as an alternative noninvasive imaging technique to assess the occlusion of coiled intracranial aneurysms with promising results. Since 1998, we have collected all patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and patients with cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular approach. We have proposed different MRI sequences to valid this technique and improve this techniqueWe have compared 3D TOF to digital angiography, with sequences with injection of gadolinium. [...]
Turjman, Francis. "Étude expérimentale du traitement des anévrysmes par endoprothèse vasculaire." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T191.
Full textYuan, Quan. "Modélisation d’anévrisme intracrânien." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2402/document.
Full textIntracranial aneurysms are a hazard to human health because of their high rupture rate and fatal subsequence, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. In order to carry out a hemodynamic research in vitro on the intracranial aneurysm, a phantom is indispensable. Until now, rigid or simplified phantoms are mainly used in the literature, few among them possess sufficient properties compared with reality. The work of this thesis focuses on the methodology of manufacturing patient-specific phantoms of intracranial aneurysms as well as their implementation for different uses. The phantoms have an anatomical shape of patient’s artery and an elastic wall. They are manufactured by applying an original rapid prototyping technique. The phantoms are examined and verified in different ways. In order to perform a hemodynamic research of the phantoms, a testing platform compatible with different imaging modalities has been designed and established. 2D phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography was applied in the hemodynamic study of the phantoms. The dynamic behavior of the artery wall, the 3D path-line of flow and the velocity field of flow were analyzed. The potential application in the clinical domain of the patient-specific phantoms was also tested in this thesis, simulations of intervention on intracranial aneurysms were carried out with the testing platform and the phantoms, the results of different treatment strategies were analyzed and compared
Finiels, Pierre-Jacques. "L'anévrysme de l'artère cérébelleuse postéro inférieure : mise au point anatomique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et pronostique : à propos d'une série rétrospective de 32 cas avec revue de la littérature." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11073.
Full textSuzat, Henri. "Contribution à l'étude des dissections traumatiques de l'artère carotide interne extra-crânienne secondaires aux traumatismes crânio-cervicaux fermes : à propos de sept cas et revues de la littérature." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6004.
Full textVallée, Jean-Noël. "Système tridimensionnel d'aide à la navigation et au traitement endovasculaire en temps réel pour dispositif d'angiographie interventionnelle." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132031.
Full textTo treat an intracranial aneurysm, the interventional neuroradiologist enters the skull from a vascular access device, making browsing, controlled angiographic imaging, microcatheters and materials, within the vessels of the brain into of the aneurysm to occlude. In his practice, he takes advantage of digital angiography equipped with high resolution fluoroscopy and rotational angiography for the reconstruction of three-dimensional reference images initially acquired in a reference plane, and the limits of the 3D imaging by rotational angiography acquired with only a diagnostic value, pre-and / or post-treatment. The research presented in this thesis was born from the ambition to design and develop a tri-dimensional system, improved over all or part of this issue, guidance or aid to navigation in endovascular imaging. The method of the invention recalculates and displays a dynamic, automatic, interactive and real-time depending on the setting of angiography device, or volume and / or video projection volume from the volume of reference region of interest initially reconstructed from images acquired by rotational angiography or volumes and / or images resulting from the mapping by superposition, subtraction or merger of volumes and / or images and recalculated with the fluoroscopic image (or volume) of active parameters corresponding fluoroscopy, which allows the user at any time during surgery, to optimize its decisions and treatment strategies, navigation instruments and equipment, control of his actions and therapeutic Evaluation of therapeutic results. The expected consequences are, firstly, improving the effectiveness and safety of the intervention, and on the other hand, decreased procedure times of radiation exposure, and the quantities of contrast medium. French patent of 05/03/2002 with extension PCT International No. FR03/01075 of 04/04/2003
Thines, Laurent. "Evaluation des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie vasculaire cérébrale pour l'optimisation du diagnostic, du traitement et du suivi des anévrismes intracrâniens opérés." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S048.
Full textAbou, Kais Rabih. "Nouvelles stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des pathologies vasculaires intracrâniennes." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S034.
Full textThe management of intracranial vascular diseases remains complex and requires a specialized multidisciplinary team. The new diagnostic approaches in biology, imaging and neuro-sonology as well as the improvement of interventional microsurgical and neuroradiological therapeutic techniques and the organization of an adapted monitoring make it possible to optimize the outcome of the patients.The first study demonstrated the benefit of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in adult patients with Moya-Moya syndrome. The results showed an improvement in cerebral perfusion and highlighted the benefit of pre and post-operative evaluation using transcranial Doppler, scintigraphy and MRI. Moreover, a better selection of the graft for performing the anastomosis could certainly improve the long-term results.We then studied the high flow carotido-sylvian bypass in the treatment of giant or complex intracranial aneurysms in collaboration between the Antwerp and Lille university hospitals. Our study reported the potential surgical exclusion of this type of aneurysm, which is often inaccessible to endovascular treatment, and the protective role of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis against cerebral ischemia. The choice of the graft appears to be an important parameter to adapt the flow and restore optimal physiological conditions.Finally, we determined the role of bacterial infection in the pathophysiology of development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. In contrast to the Finnish study, we did not detect bacterial presence in the wall of intracranial aneurysms in a cohort of patients operated in our institution. These findings may explain the higher incidence of aneurysmal rupture in the Finnish population.Our works demonstrates that the development of multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies improves the management of patients with intracranial vascular malformation. The goal is to better understand the physiopathology and to better choose the neurovascular therapeutic indication to offer the patient an optimal therapeutic efficacy with a minimum level of procedural risk
Gauvrit, Jean-Yves. "Evaluation et optimisation des techniques d'ARM avec injection en pathologie neuro-vasculaire." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S010.
Full textMRI and the whole of the software of post treatments hold a capital place in the exploration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and intracranial aneurysms. In cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVM), the non-invasive techniques of angiography (MRA and AngioCT) provide a precise anatomical study but contrary to the conventional angiography do not bring any hemodynamic information however essential. A new technique of MRA, the dynamic MRA, based on a repeated acquisition of images and an image subtraction, makes it possible to obtain this kinetic information. Our work showed the interest of this technique in the exploration of cAVM but also in other intracranial vascular diseases (dural fistulas, aneurysms, venous thrombosis) at the same time in the detection of pathology but also in the definition of prognostic arguments in particular with the hemorrhagic risk. Initially acquired with 2D technique, the use of the techniques of parallel imagery, allowed the development of a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic MRA reconciling high space resolution and short temporal resolution. We showed the interest of the 3D dynamic MRA in the follow-up of radiosurgically treated cAVM by analyzing the reduction of size of the nidus or the disappearance of the venous drainage. The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has occupied, for a few years, an important place in the therapeutic assumption. The clinical and radiological follow-up is essential because the risk of repetitions remains badly documented. Whereas the techniques of MRA with injection are the sequences of reference in cervical vascular pathology, they are developed little in intracranial exploration because of venous overlaps. However, their capacities to obtain a high contrast and to reduce the flow artefacts make of them, techniques adapted to the monitoring of treated aneurysms by coils. Our work showed the contribution of the MRA with gadolinium injection in the detection of the aneurismal recurrences but also the interest in the management of the early and late recanalisations
Dehail, Patrick. "Séquelles neuropsychologiques après rupture d'anévrysme de l'artère communicante antérieure, à propos de 71 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23091.
Full textDevarrieux, Laure. "Les troubles de l'appréhension du temps : à propos d'une étude comparative entre un groupe de patients souffrant d'une rupture d'anévrysme de l'artère communicante antérieure et un groupe de patients atteints de maladie d'Alzheimer." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3005.
Full textLa, Folie Trévor. "Myxome cardiaque et manifestations neurologiques : étude rétrospective sur 10 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M128.
Full textBresson, Damien. "Étude de l’écoulement sanguin dans un anévrysme intracrânien avant et après traitement par stent flow diverter : quantification par traitement d’images de séquences angiographiques 2D." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2308/document.
Full textIntracranial aneurysms treatment based on intra aneurismal flow modification tend to replace traditionally coiling in many cases and not only complex aneurysms for which they were initially designed. Dedicated stents (low porosity, high pores density stents) called “flow diverter” stents are deployed across the neck of the aneurysm to achieve this purpose. The summation of three different mechanisms tend to lead to the healing of the aneurysm: immediate flow alteration due to the mechanical screen effect of the stent, physiological triggering of acute or progressive thrombus formation inside the aneurysm’s pouch and long term biological response leading in neointima formation and arterial wall remodeling. This underlying sequence of processes is also supposed to decrease the recanalization rate. Scientific data supporting the flow alteration theory are numerous and especially computational flow dynamics (CFD). These approaches are very helpful for improving biomechanical knowledge of the relations between blood flow and pathology, but they do not fit in real-time treatments. Neuroendovascular treatments are performed under dynamic x-ray modality (digital subtracted angiography a DSA-).However, in daily practice, FD stents are sized to the patient’s 3D vasculature anatomy and then deployed. The flow modification is then evaluated by the clinician in an intuitive manner: the decision to deploy or not another stent is based solely on a visual estimation. The lack of tools available in the angioroom for quantifying in real time the blood flow hemodynamics should be pointed out. It would make sense to take advantage of functional data contained in contrast bolus propagation and not only anatomical data. Thus, we proposed to create flow software based on angiographic analysis. This software was built using algorithms developed and validated on 2D-DSA sequences obtained in a swine intracranial aneurysm model. This intracranial animal model was also optimized to obtain 3D vascular imaging and experimental hemodynamic data that could be used to realize realistic computational flow dynamic. In a third step, the software tool was used to analyze flow modification from angiographic sequences acquired during unruptured IA from patients treated with a FD stent. Finally, correlation between flow change and aneurysm occlusion at long term follow-up with the objective of identifying predictive markers of long term occlusion was performed
Bourgeois, Philippe. "Hemorragies méningées par dissections spontanées des artères intracraniennes." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23121.
Full textFodoup, Fotso Louis. "Pan hypopituitarisme révélateur d'une compression hypophysaire par anévrysme géant de la carotide interne dans le sinus caverneux : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11137.
Full textEker, Omer Faruk. "Impact de l'anévrisme intracrânien sur l'hémodynamique de l'artère porteuse : de l’observation in vitro à l’exploration in vivo." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1046/document.
Full textIntracranial aneurysms are the most common lethal predisposition amongst young adults. Its understanding remains limited to date while the development of new innovative endovascular treatments are increasingly available and allow for the treatment of more and more complex aneurysms with a non negligeable rate of complications. Most of the previous studies on intracranial aneurysms are based on low informative clinical series and the use of limited numerical simulation methods. They almost exclusively target the intrasaccular mechanical phenomena irrespective of the changes in the parent vessel induced by the aneurysm. In vitro, the use of silicone aneurysms embedded in a cardiovascular simulator showed an impact of the aneurysm on the the parent vessel flow conditions characterized by a decrease of its resistance. In vivo, flow MRI allowed to quantify this effect by analyzing the volumetric flow rate curves. Downstream to the aneurysm, the blood flow was dampened and presents a systolic diastolic demodulation with a collapse of resistive and pulsatility indexes. This effect was strongly correlated to the aneurysm volume. The flow diverter stents allowed for a measurable « hemodynamic reconstruction » of the parent vessel by restoring a normo modulated flow, and normal resistive and pulsatility indexes. An original method for the segmentation of internal carotid artery in 2D phase contrast MRI was proposed. It is based on the application of the Fourier Transform on the phase images and by taking into account the temporal coherence of velocities within the voxel. The method was characterized and compared to two reference methods
Mérillon, Catherine. "Suivi du vasospasme artériel de l'hémorragie méningée par le doppler transcranien." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M064.
Full textDel, Missier Nathalie. "Matériovigilance et traçabilité des dispositifs médicaux implantables utilisés en neuroradiologie vasculaire dans le traitement des anévrismes intracraniens : exemple des GDC R à l'hôpital Sainte-Anne." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P210.
Full textOmarjee, Loukman. "Atteintes Cardiovasculaires du Pseudoxanthome Élastique : Aspects Physiopathologiques et Stratégies Thérapeutiques." Thesis, Angers, 2019. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune15886.
Full textSince the discovery of the ABCC6 gene in 2000, mutations are at the origin of PseudoxanthomeElastic (PXE), knowledge of genetics, pathophysiology, phenotypic characterizations have has mademajor advances, notably with the Discovery in 2013 of the fundamental role of Pyrophosphateinorganic (PPi) as a deficient anti‐calcifying factor in patients. The overall goal of this thesis was tostudy, from the cohort of patients at the center of PXE reference of the CHU d'Angers, differentaspects of cardiovascular phenotype (CV) of PXE. Thus, in a first work, we were able to show in thestudy GOCAPXE, that ectopic calcifications would be a active process that can be detected by imagingUsing a specific activity tracer Osteoblastic, 18‐sodium fluoride (18F‐NaF); that this process wasdetectable even before these calcifications are not visible by conventional imaging techniques; thatthis process was localized to areas usually injured in the PXE: flexion folds and neck for skin and thesuperficial femoral artery for the vessel. This technique should be validated in a study longitudinaland its role as a diagnostic biomarker In this way, monitoring and monitoring could be considered.The second work of this thesis was to study the morphological consequences and functional of achronic increase in blood pressure in PXE patients. This question was relevant because in theliterature, the question of a high blood pressure (hypertension) in PXE remains controversial. Wehave thus shown for the first time that in a model of HTA induced by the Deoxycorticosterone(DOCA)‐Salt in Abcc6‐/‐ this increase in blood pressure led to a CV remodeling with both fibrosis andcalcifications dystrophic. The results of this study suggest need for optimal control of blood pressurein patients. The third work of this thesis was to characterize a lesion of the internal carotid detectedwith high frequency in the Angevine cohort. We have could show that this abnormality washypoplasia of the Probably congenital internal carotid. In the patients of the angevine cohort, thislesion was associated with intracranial aneurysms but we have not found in association with theoccurrence of vascular accident brain. Thus, the results of this study invite practitioners supportingPXE patients to search for it systematically in the vascular balance of a PXE patient. If such a lesion isfound, vascular imaging Intracranial should be proposed to research Aneurysms and theirmanagement discussed in consultation multidisciplinary. Finally, the latest work has made it possibleto show that systemic treatment with Thiosulphate Sodium (STS), used in renal calciphylaxia, waseffective on the regression of arterial calcifications and skin in a young boy with a phenotype CVGravel resulting from the deleterious combination of several pathogenic genes of the PXE spectrumThis treatment would deserve be validated in a human therapeutic trial but also the demonstrationof its mechanisms of action in the Abcc6‐/‐murin model. We suggest using this treatment for severeand rapidly progressive PXE especially on the vascular plane.At the end of this thesis work, we showed that the ABCC6 gene was involved in vascular remodelingat both at the developmental level (Carotid Hypoplasia) but also acquired (Fibrosis, CardiacCalcification Dystrophic). We also showed that calcifications in PXE were tissues and locationsspecific, that these calcifications were active. Finally we have opened the door to a treatment ofsevere forms of PXE with Sodium Thiosulphate. An approach multimodal therapy targeting multiplemechanisms this would be useful to evaluate in future clinical trials
Sanchez, Mathieu. "Identification du risque individuel de rupture des anévrysmescérébraux intra crâniens : une approche biomécanicienne." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20257/document.
Full textThe individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysm is a major stake in the clinical treatment. The aneurismal rupture occurs when the intra-parietal stress exceeds the rupture stress of the material of the aneurismal wall. The goal of our study is to be a step toward a new biomechanical measure of an individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysm. First, an experimental study was performed to characterize the biomechanical behavior of the aneurismal wall on 16 samples of aneurysms removed by neurosurgery. The experimentation on the samples allowed us to reach three main categories of tissues for each sex (female and male): soft, intermediate and stiff. All the unruptured aneurysms belong to the stiff category or the intermediate category and all the ruptured aneurysms belong to the soft category. This is allowed us to give prominence to the correlation between the risk of rupture and the properties of the material of the aneurismal wall. Then, Fluid/Structure interaction computations (FSI) were performed to compare the strain of a “patient-specific” aneurysm composed of a degraded and undegraded material. The results show that the properties of the material have a major impact on the scope of the aneurismal volume variation over the cardiac cycle. The volume variation changes depending on the properties of the tissue are potentially viewable by medical imaging. A study of the uncertainties of the parameters is also proposed and shows the robustness of the results. We also demonstrated on 12 cases of “patient-specific” aneurysms that a significant difference stiff exists in terms of volume variation over the cardiac cycle between an aneurysm composed of a stiff and a soft material. This study suggests that the aneurismal volume variation could be used as a basis for an evaluation of the individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms
Zhang, Yue. "Hemodynamic investigation and thrombosis modeling of intracranial aneurysms." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0081/document.
Full textFeature selection is an important task in data mining and machine learning processes. This task is well known in both supervised and unsupervised contexts. The semi-supervised feature selection is still under development and far from being mature. In general, machine learning has been well developed in order to deal with partially-labeled data. Thus, feature selection has obtained special importance in the semi-supervised context. It became more adapted with the real world applications where labeling process is costly to obtain. In this thesis, we present a literature review on semi-supervised feature selection, with regard to supervised and unsupervised contexts. The goal is to show the importance of compromising between the structure from unlabeled part of data, and the background information from their labeled part. In particular, we are interested in the so-called «small labeled-sample problem» where the difference between both data parts is very important
Oliveira, Iago Lessa [UNESP]. "Using foam-extend to assess the influence of fluid-structure interaction on the rupture of intracranial aneurysms." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151490.
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Les anévrismes sont des anomalies formées sur certaines régions du système vasculaire humain et sont caractérisés par des régions dilatées de la paroi artérielle, avec une petite épaisseur. L’un des types les plus communs se produit à l’intérieur des artères de la base du cerveau, dans le cercle de Willis. Ces cas d’anévrismes intracrâniens sont extrêmement dangereux car ils peuvent provoquer une hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne en cas de rupture, avec la mort ou la présence d’un dommage définitif pour le patient. Les causes d’anévrismes sont étudiées depuis longtemps et des recherches reconnaissent que les effets hémodynamiques jouent un rôle clé dans la formation, la croissance, et la rupture des anévrismes intracrâniens. Cependant, les procédures expérimentales pour mieux comprendre les caractéristiques de l’écoulement du sang dans l’anévrisme sont encore difficiles à réaliser. Avec le développement de techniques des images du système vasculaire cérébral, il a été possible d’obtenir la géométrie des anévrismes, donc des méthodes numériques ont commencé à être utilisées pour la solution de l’écoulement dans les anévrismes, et alors plusieurs recherches ont étudié l’influence des variables biologiques et hémodynamiques sur la rupture de l’anévrisme. Cependant, ce n’est que dans la dernière décennie que l’influence de l’interaction fluide-structure, due à la flexibilité de la paroi de l’artère, sur ces variables a été étudiée. Dans ce contexte et à l’aide de géométries d’anévrismes spécifiques des patients, des simulations numériques ont été effectuées avec le logiciel open-source foam-extend, qui utilise une méthodologie partitionnée pour résoudre numériquement le problème d’interaction fluide-structure. En comparant les paramètres qui peuvent conduire à la rupture – tels que le cisaillement sur la paroi et l’indice d’oscillation du cisaillement – entre les résultats des simulations avec l’hypothèse de la paroi rigide et élastique, nous avons évalué l’influence de la flexibilité de la paroi de l’anévrisme sur ces paramètres, en concluant que cette flexibilité change les valeurs de ces paramètres, donc l’option de traitement peut changer si le médecin les utilise pour décider de traiter le patient.
Aneurismas são anormalidades formadas em algumas partes do sistema vascular humano e se caracterizam por regiões dilatadas e finas da parede arterial. Um dos tipos mais comuns ocorre no interior das artérias que chegam ao cérebro, no chamado círculo de Willis. Estes casos de aneurismas intracranianos são extremamente perigosos, pois em caso de rompimento podem ocasionar hemorragia cerebral, com consequente morte ou presença de sequelas permanentes no paciente. As causas dos aneurismas vêm sendo investigadas há tempos, e os pesquisadores concordam que os fenômenos hemodinâmicos têm papel fundamental na formação, crescimento e ruptura do aneurisma cerebral. Entretanto, os procedimentos experimentais para se conhecer melhor as características do escoamento de sangue no interior do aneurisma ainda são de difícil realização. A partir do desenvolvimento de técnicas de mapeamento do sistema vascular cerebral, pôde-se obter a geometria de aneurismas de modo que métodos numéricos na solução de problemas de escoamento passaram a ser utilizados. A partir de então, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas visando a investigação da influência das variáveis biológicas e hemodinâmicas na ruptura do aneurisma. Entretanto, apenas recentemente foi dado foco na influência da interação fluido-estrutura que existe neste problema, devido a flexibilidade da parede da artéria. Assim, usando geometrias de aneurismas específicos de pacientes, simulamos o escoamento sanguíneo utilizando o pacote open-source foam-extend, que possui uma metodologia particionada implementada para resolver numericamente o problema de interação fluido-estrutura. Através de comparação dos parâmetros que podem levar a ruptura -- tensão de cisalhamento na parede e índice de oscilação do cisalhamento -- entre os resultados das simulações considerando as hipóteses de parede rígida e flexível, avaliamos a influência da flexibilidade da parede em tais parâmetros, concluindo que tal flexibilidade tem influência nos parâmetros que podem levar à ruptura do aneurisma a ponto de alterar a decisão de tratamento, caso ela fosse feita baseada em tais parâmetros.
Aneurysms are abnormalities formed in some regions of the human vascular system and are characterized by dilated and thin regions of the arterial wall. One of the most common types occurs inside the brain arteries in the so-called circle of Willis. These intracranial aneurysms are extremely dangerous, because in case of rupture they can cause sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, with consequent death or presence of permanent damage to the patient. Causes of aneurysms have been investigated for a long time, and researchers agree that hemodynamic effects play a key role in the formation, growth, and rupture of brain aneurysms. However, the experimental procedures to better understand the characteristics of blood flow within the aneurysm are still difficult to perform. With the development of scanning techniques of the cerebral vascular system, it has been possible to obtain the geometry of aneurysms and then with that numerical methods for the solution of blood flow have begun to be used. Since then, several researchers have been investigating the influence of biological and hemodynamic variables on aneurysms rupture. However, it has been only in the last decade that the influence of fluid-structure interaction, due to the flexibility of the artery wall, on those variables has been investigated. In this context and using patient-specific aneurysm geometries, we simulated the blood flow using the opensource library foam-extend, which uses a partitioned methodology to numerically solve the fluid-structure interaction problem. By comparing the parameters that can lead to rupture – wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index – between the results of the simulations considering the rigid and flexible walls hypotheses, we evaluated the influence of wall flexibility on such parameters, concluding that the flexibility influences the parameters that can lead to rupture, changing the decision of treatment if made using those parameters.
Oliveira, Iago Lessa. "Using foam-extend to assess the influence of fluid-structure interaction on the rupture of intracranial aneurysms /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151490.
Full textResumo: Aneurismas são anormalidades formadas em algumas partes do sistema vascular humano e se caracterizam por regiões dilatadas e finas da parede arterial. Um dos tipos mais comuns ocorre no interior das artérias que chegam ao cérebro, no chamado círculo de Willis. Estes casos de aneurismas intracranianos são extremamente perigosos, pois em caso de rompimento podem ocasionar hemorragia cerebral, com consequente morte ou presença de sequelas permanentes no paciente. As causas dos aneurismas vêm sendo investigadas há tempos, e os pesquisadores concordam que os fenômenos hemodinâmicos têm papel fundamental na formação, crescimento e ruptura do aneurisma cerebral. Entretanto, os procedimentos experimentais para se conhecer melhor as características do escoamento de sangue no interior do aneurisma ainda são de difícil realização. A partir do desenvolvimento de técnicas de mapeamento do sistema vascular cerebral, pôde-se obter a geometria de aneurismas de modo que métodos numéricos na solução de problemas de escoamento passaram a ser utilizados. A partir de então, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas visando a investigação da influência das variáveis biológicas e hemodinâmicas na ruptura do aneurisma. Entretanto, apenas recentemente foi dado foco na influência da interação fluido-estrutura que existe neste problema, devido a flexibilidade da parede da artéria. Assim, usando geometrias de aneurismas específicos de pacientes, simulamos o escoamento sanguíneo utilizando o pacote open-source... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aneurysms are abnormalities formed in some regions of the human vascular system and are characterized by dilated and thin regions of the arterial wall. One of the most common types occurs inside the brain arteries in the so-called circle of Willis. These intracranial aneurysms are extremely dangerous, because in case of rupture they can cause sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, with consequent death or presence of permanent damage to the patient. Causes of aneurysms have been investigated for a long time, and researchers agree that hemodynamic effects play a key role in the formation, growth, and rupture of brain aneurysms. However, the experimental procedures to better understand the characteristics of blood flow within the aneurysm are still difficult to perform. With the development of scanning techniques of the cerebral vascular system, it has been possible to obtain the geometry of aneurysms and then with that numerical methods for the solution of blood flow have begun to be used. Since then, several researchers have been investigating the influence of biological and hemodynamic variables on aneurysms rupture. However, it has been only in the last decade that the influence of fluid-structure interaction, due to the flexibility of the artery wall, on those variables has been investigated. In this context and using patient-specific aneurysm geometries, we simulated the blood flow using the opensource library foam-extend, which uses a partitioned methodology to numerically solve the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: Les anévrismes sont des anomalies formées sur certaines régions du système vasculaire humain et sont caractérisés par des régions dilatées de la paroi artérielle, avec une petite épaisseur. L’un des types les plus communs se produit à l’intérieur des artères de la base du cerveau, dans le cercle de Willis. Ces cas d’anévrismes intracrâniens sont extrêmement dangereux car ils peuvent provoquer une hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne en cas de rupture, avec la mort ou la présence d’un dommage définitif pour le patient. Les causes d’anévrismes sont étudiées depuis longtemps et des recherches reconnaissent que les effets hémodynamiques jouent un rôle clé dans la formation, la croissance, et la rupture des anévrismes intracrâniens. Cependant, les procédures expérimentales pour mieux comprendre les caractéristiques de l’écoulement du sang dans l’anévrisme sont encore difficiles à réaliser. Avec le développement de techniques des images du système vasculaire cérébral, il a été possible d’obtenir la géométrie des anévrismes, donc des méthodes numériques ont commencé à être utilisées pour la solution de l’écoulement dans les anévrismes, et alors plusieurs recherches ont étudié l’influence des variables biologiques et hémodynamiques sur la rupture de l’anévrisme. Cependant, ce n’est que dans la dernière décennie que l’influence de l’interaction fluide-structure, due à la flexibilité de la paroi de l’artère, sur ces variables a été étudiée. Dans ce contexte et à l’aide de géométries d’anévri... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Mestre
Gentric, Jean-Christophe. "La diversion de flux dans le traitement des anévrismes cérébraux : des études pré-cliniques aux études cliniques." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0027/document.
Full textFlow Diversion is one of the relevant technical improvements of the past decade in the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. When the efficacy and safety of a new tool allow treating challenging aneurysms, this adoption in daily practice can be fast even if the benefit of use is not clearly, scientifically show. We performed a systematic review of studies of these stents called “Flow Diverters” (FD) in animal models. Then we performed 4 animal studies in models we create in order to isolate the propriety of the FD we wanted to study. By using this methodology, we have been able to show that Flow Diversion is more likely to occlude small neck aneurysms, aneurysms in which the jailed branch has been occluded, or when the operator compact the FD in order to decrease the porosity of the device. In a 6th study, we test the result of the use of a clip to occlude a FD. Regarding the results of the test, we recommand to avoid clipping FDs.Then by using a questionaire; we showed the poor agreement of using FD in daily practice by using clinical vignettes. Then we presented the design and the result of the first randomized clinical study on flow diverters FIAT (Flow diversion In Aneurysm Treatment)
Wei, Yiyi. "Toward real-time simulation of aneurysm coil embolization using the discrete exterior calculus method." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10034/document.
Full textOver the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the field of endovascular treatment of aneurysms. Technological advances continue to make it possible for a growing number of patients with cerebral aneurysms to be treated with a variety of endovascular strategies, essentially using detachable platinum coils. Yet, coil embolization remains a very complex medical procedure for which careful planning must be combined with advanced technical skills in order to be successful. In this context, a computer-assisted planning system, allowing interventional radiologists to interactively select different coils and test their behavior in a patient-specific environment, could make a difference. This requires to not only model the blood and coil behavior in a patient-specific aneurysm geometry, but also to simulate the interaction between coil(s) and the complex flow occurring within aneurysm in (near) real time. In order to achieve accurate and fast simulation, we introduce the Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC) method to hemodynamic simulation for the first time. The DEC method, initially introduced in the field of computer graphics, was aimed at visually convincing results, but not physical accuracy. A detailed analysis of the results and comparison with a reference software are performed to understand the accuracy, stability and computational efficiency of the method, as well as the factors affecting these aspects. We improve the numerical stability of the DEC method by using more advanced backtracking schemes, and more importantly by optimizing quality of the mesh used in the computation. Additionally, an optimal trade-off between accuracy and computational time is obtained to simulate the blood flow in (near) real time. Based on this new method for blood flow simulation, we describe a complete process for patient-specific simulation of aneurysm coil embolization, from mesh generation with medical datasets to computation of blood-coil bilateral influence. We propose a new approach to real-time simulation of the twofold interactions, first involving the impact of blood flow on the coil during the initial stages of its deployment, and second concerning the decrease of blood velocity within aneurysm, as a consequence of coil packing. This allows dynamical planning coil embolization for two key steps in the procedure: choice and placement of the first coil, and assessment of the number of coils necessary to reduce the blood velocity within aneurysm. The coil embolization procedure is simulated within patient-specific aneurysms in real time, and pre- and post-operative status is reported. Our simulated results demonstrated that the bilateral influence is essential in the context of planning the coil embolization surgery. Besides, we propose a preliminary framework for the simulation of blood-vessel interaction during the process of aneurysm growth. The results of the two-dimensional simulation using actual patients data sets is encouraging
Pulcrano-Nicolas, Anne-Sophie. "Recherche de biomarqueurs circulants de la survenue du vasospasme chez des patients souffrant d'hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS312.
Full textSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) morbidity and mortality are not solely due to the aneurism rupture but also to the delayed neurological ischemic disorders (DNI) that could happen. Among these, vasospasm is a severe complication occurring between the 4th and 12th day after the bleeding for one third of the SAH patients. To date, there exists no predictive marker of its happening, which force physician to give any SAH patient a preventive treatment against its occurrence not exempt of severe side effects. VASOGENE cohort was built up to search by omic approaches biomarkers of vasospasm occurrence to identify at risk patients. The thesis' aim is to identify circulating biomarkers of vasospasm occurrence post SAH. Two groups of patients were present in this cohort: aSAH patients developing (VSP+) or not (VSP-) a vasospasm. A first study comparing whole blood microRNA between VSP+ and VSP- enabled us to identify has-miR-3177-3p and LHDA as good candidate biomarkers. A second work was performed on transcriptomic data comparing mRNA levels between VSP+ and VSP-. We identified another candidate gene that is currently submitted
Labeyrie, Paul-Emile. "Amélioration des stratégies thérapeutiques dans la pathologie anévrysmale intracânienne." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC404/document.
Full textIntracranial aneurysm (IA) is a specific morphological abnormality of the cerebral arteries that exposes to devastating intracranial bleeding. Despite the progress made in the curative treatment, no preventive treatment of IA formation has been proven in humans. The lack of non-invasive treatment and consensus on the treatment of unruptured IA are the consequences of the lack of knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms of aneurysmal disease. All of the work presented here aims to better understand the mechanisms of intracranial aneurysmal pathology, which may be the basis of new preventive strategies improving the treatment of IA.We first studied the influence of cervical artery abnormalities on IA formation. In this study, we performed a case-control study whose main objective was to study the association between morphologic abnormalities of cervical arteries and the presence of IA. The secondary objectives were first to examine whether this association varied according to whether or not the aneurysm was broken, and secondly to examine whether the severity of the cervical arterial abnormalities was related to the severity of the aneurysmal pathology. We report that the prevalence of angiographic abnormalities in patients harboring IA is high. In addition, the incidence of a rare pathology, fibro-muscular dysplasia is very high in patients with IA compared to the general population. The presence of angiographic abnormalities has no impact on the rupture of the IA, nor on other aspects such as their size, numbers or shape. In our study, we believe that the association between angiographic abnormalities and IA seems to be explained by the hypothesis of a vulnerability of the arterial wall (a particular pathological condition of the arterial wall at the origin of IA formation). This pathological condition would affect the whole cerebral vasculature and cervical arteries. IA would thus be the clinical manifestations of more silent vascular pathologies affecting the wall of all vessels. The morphological abnormalities of the cervical arteries testify sensitively but not very specifically of the association of the arterial wall diseases with the presence of IA.In a second study, we try to describe and characterize an unprecedented pathway of formation and growth of IA : the pathway of fibrinolysis via tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Our data suggest that tPA present in the bloodstream is sufficient to promote formation and rupture of aneurysms. We therefore proposed that vascular tPA was one of those responsible for training IA. We also noted a certain continuity in the time of the influence of the tPA on the matrix remodeling. We therefore proposed vascular tPA as a possible new target to prevent progression and rupture of IA. Various experiments have been undertaken to selectively inhibit tPA and the preliminary results are encouraging and open the way to an unprecedented non-invasive therapeutic strategy. It is also conceivable that these different approaches could be combined with each other and with matrix agents directly targeting tPA activity in the AIC wall. The improvement of therapeutic strategies in intracranial aneurysmal pathology is definitely an topic of research whose possibilities are huge and the results necessary and expected
Zhou, Sirui. "The role of evolution in the genetic susceptibility of intracranial aneurysm." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18563.
Full textNunavik Inuit is a group of Arctic indigenous people, who have historically presented as a small and isolated population across the Nunavik region of northern Quebec (Canada). The unique genetic profile of Nunavik Inuit is the result of years of adaptation to their living condition, and it is likely responsible for their increased susceptibility to certain pathological conditions. Prior studies have shown that as a consequence of neutral evolution or past adaptive events, today’s Inuit are predisposed to cardio-cerebrovascular disorders, e.g. hypertension and intracranial aneurysm (IA). IA is defined as localized cerebrovascular weakness which leads to vascular dilation or ballooning, and such distortions are susceptible to disrupt the affected vessels and lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is a complex disorder with a high prevalence (4-8%) and certain populations have been observed to present an increased risk of developing IA. Both environmental and genetic factors are deemed to contribute to the development of IA and in regards to the latter, independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci associated with IA. Nonetheless, there is still a large portion of the genetic heritability of IA, especially in different populations other than Finnish and Japanese that remains unexplained. However, fewer IA genetic studies have taken in consideration the contribution of population specific genetic variants. To address some of the IA missing heritability that is deemed to be accountable to its genetic heterogeneity and low penetrance, we have combined high throughput sequencing (HTS) with SNP-chip genotyping to examine the genetic signatures of two founder populations from Quebec that are predisposed to IA, including Nunavik Inuit and French-Canadians (FC). Because these populations have distinct genetic characteristics, we used different approaches for the identification of genetic risk factors. Nunavik Inuit is an indigenous population and many aspects of its genetic signatures differ from those of separate world-wide major populations; therefore we chose to conduct extensive population genetic studies in regards to their genetic history and genomic profile before we undertook to test if any association could be established between genomic loci and disease susceptibility. We observed many genetic components that are specific to the Nunavik Inuit population, including its homogeneous Inuit ancestry, increased linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic signatures which reflect the population had a long history of adaptations to their environment. Previously unidentified signals of natural selection, which focused on coding regions of the genome revealed an accumulation of genetic variants in genes involved in the processes of cell adhesion and immune responses (e.g. CPNE7 and ICAM5). Further analyses revealed a variant in CCM2 to be under positive selection and significantly associated with IA in Nunavik Inuit. In regard to the genetic etiology of IA in the French-Canadian population, we took a different approach and used French-Canadian specific variants that were identified by whole exome sequencing to generate a list of potential risk genes; which were further prioritized using a gene based burden association test. RNF213 emerged as a prime candidate gene that had undergone possible genetic drift and the follow-up genetic and functional examinations further supported its potential contribution to the development of IA among French-Canadians. The results presented in this thesis highlighted the importance of taking into consideration the specific genetic background brought by natural selection or genetic drift, both are driving forces of evolution, when a complex disease is being studied. It also further confirmed that variants in a specific gene (e.g. RNF213 or CCM2) may contribute to the development of different pathogenesis when examined in distinct populations. Overall as our genetic findings identified new genetic “pieces” that further completed the missing heritability “puzzle” of IA genetics; evidence for these “pieces” were interestingly highlighted through population genetics.