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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Androstenedione'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Biggs, Douglas Neil. "Effects of androstenedione supplementation on testosterone levels in older men." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1233193.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of androstenedione supplementation on testosterone levels in older men. Healthy men (n = 11) between the ages of58 and 69 were divided into two groups: 6 taking 300 mg of androstenedione (mean ± SE, 62.33 ± 2.57) supplement and 5 taking the 300 mg cellulose placebo (mean ± SE, 60.2 ± 1.02) for a period of seven days. Subjects in both groups had been participating in the Ball State University Adult Fitness Program (BSUAFP) for at least one year, incorporating both aerobic and resistance training into their workouts. Testing measures involved the subjects performing two exercises (leg extension and leg curl) while having blood drawn prior to, during, and post-exercise for a period of 20 minutes both pre-and post-supplementation. Specific weights for the subjects were determined with a ten-repetition maximum (10-RM) lift on both exercises. It appeared that the subjects in the androstenedione group were stronger with the exercises than the subjects in the placebo group, but with no significance. Testosterone, estradiol, and androstenedione were analyzed via hormone assay pre-and post-supplementation. The analysis of the testosterone revealed a significant difference pre-(mean ± SE, 4.65 ± .51 ng/ml) to post-(mean ± SE, 6.72 ± .58 ng/ml) supplementation for the androstenedione group. Analysis of the androstenedione revealed a significant difference pre-(mean ± SE, 0.88 ± .20) to post-(mean ± SE, 7.46 ± 1.25) supplementation for the androstenedione group. The estradiol assay revealed no significant differences pre-to post-supplementation for either group. The placebo group did not demonstrate any significant differences pre-to post-supplementation for either testosterone or androstenedione. The results of this study concluded that supplementation with 300 mg. of androstenedione for a period of seven days significantly elevated blood testosterone in older men.
School of Physical Education

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2

Bassindale, Thomas Alexander. "Analytical perspectives and endocrine implications of androstenedione administration to young women." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409256.

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3

Stevens, Jeffrey Charles 1963. "Selective inactivation of four rat liver microsomal androstenedione hydroxylases by chloramphenicol analogs." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276700.

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The steroid androstenedione has been shown to be a valuable tool for the study of selective inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes. The validity of this method was investigated using microsomes, purified cytochromes P-450, cytochrome P-450 antibodies, and the mechanism-based inactivator chloramphenicol. Enzyme inactivation and antibody inhibition studies show that microsomes from phenobarbital- and non-phenobarbital-treated rats are needed to accurately monitor the inactivation of the major phenobarbital-inducible P-450 isozyme (PB-B) and of the major constitutive androstenedione 16-alpha hydroxylase (UT-A). Enzyme inactivation studies showed that the antibiotic chloramphenicol caused different rates of NADPH-dependent enzyme inactivation among four androstenedione hydroxylases (16-beta > 6-beta > 16-alpha > 7-alpha). The results with twelve chloramphenicol analogs show that their selectivity as cytochrome P-450 inactivators is dependent upon at least three structural features: (1) the number of halogen atoms, (2) the presence of a para-nitro group on the phenyl ring, and (3) substitutions on the ethyl side chain.

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4

Williams, Terry L. "Assessment of knowledge regarding three popular dietary supplements : chromium picolinate, creatine, and androstenedione /." View online, 2000. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211130977235.pdf.

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5

Wills, Troy Matthew. "The osteogenic effects of 12 weeks of oral supplementation of androstenedione in middle-aged men." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1107103-104810/unrestricted/WillsT112503f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1107103-104810. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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6

ZEINOUN, RONY. "Profil hormonal intrafolliculaire au cours des stimulations ovariennes : valeur predictive pour le succes d'une f.i.v." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM086.

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7

Clark, Douglas Taylor. "An investigation of the metabolism of testosterone, 4 androstenedione, progesterone, corticosterone, cortisol and cholesterol by T. denticola." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249230.

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8

Viciano, Gonzalo Ignacio. "A theoretical study on the mechanism of the oxidation of substrates by human aromatase enzyme (CYP19A1)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392148.

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The enzyme Cytochrome P450 aromatase plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of estrogens, and its inhibition is an important target for the development of drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. The main purpose of the present thesis is to improve the understanding of the catalytic mechanism and the biochemistry of this enzyme from the standpoint of theoretical chemistry. The results of this thesis have been divided into three main sections: (1) Study of the reactive species of the enzyme aromatase: Compound I; (2) Study of the hydroxylation of the natural substrate androstenedione, during the first catalytic subcycle of the enzyme aromatase; and (3) Study of the hydroxylation of Exemestane, an esteroidal third generation aromatase inhibitor, currently used in hormone dependent breast cancer therapy.
La enzima citocromo P450 aromatasa juega un papel esencial en la biosíntesis de estrógenos, y su inhibición es un objetivo importante para el desarrollo de medicamentos para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. El objetivo principal de la esta Tesis ha sido arrojar luz sobre el mecanismo catalítico y sobre la bioquímica de esta enzima, desde el punto de vista de la química teórica. Los resultados que se presentan en esta Tesis se han dividido en tres secciones principales: (1) Estudio de la especie reactiva de la enzima aromatasa: "Compound I"; (2) Estudio de la hidroxilación del substrato natural androstenediona, a lo largo del primer subciclo catalítico de esta enzima; y (3) Estudio de la hidroxilación del Exemestano, un inhibidor esteroideo de tercera generación de la enzima aromatasa, que se utiliza actualmente en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama hormonodependiente.

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9

Saleh, Layla. "Effets de l'administration in ovo de thyrolibérine, thyroxine, propylthiouracile et androstenedione sur la croissance postnatale du poulet avec quelques aspects biochimiques et histoenzymologiques de la différenciation musculaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618405b.

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10

Murigneux, Christine. "Evolution des concentrations plasmatiques de androstenedione, dht, dha, dha-s, t, corticosterone et cortisol chez les lapins males et femelles de la periode prepubertaire a l'age adulte." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF2S847.

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Chez le lapin male ou femelle entre 40 et 150 jours, une methode par chromatographie liquide sur silice greffee permet de separer les 7 steroides. Au cours de la maturation sexuelle, il se produit d'importantes variations de concentrations plasmatiques d'androgenes dans les 2 sexes (episodes secretoires de quelques dizaines de jours). Il n'y a pas de dimorphisme sexuel pour les taux plasmatiques d'androstenedione, de dha et de son sulfate, on peut donc penser que la secretion en est surrenalienne. Chez les femelles, il existe une correlation entre les concentrations d'androgenes et celles de corticosterone ou de cortisol, ce qui suggere que les androgenes sont d'origine surrenalienne. Quelque soit l'origine des androgenes, le probleme de la signification de l'androgenisation plasmatique se pose, notamment entre 70 et 110 jours. Au cours de la maturation sexuelle, il se produit des modifications de synthese dans la surrenale, car chez le lapin adulte male ou femelle, la corticosterone est le principal steroide secrete, tandis que chez l'animal immature, elle est faible et meme inferieure a la corticolemie. Chez le foetus, les observations sont similaires

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11

Bou, Saab Hamid. "Bioconversion éco-compatible de triterpénoïdes par des bactéries immobilisées sur Luffa cylindrica." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704061.

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L'un des avantages majeurs des réactions de bioconversion résulte du fait que le milieu réactionnel des biocatalyseurs est l'eau. Ce dit avantage constitue l'une des principales limitations de ces réactions de bioconversion lorsqu'il s'agit de substances lipophiles non solubles dans l'eau connue les stérols. L'efficacité d'un procédé de bioconversion de substances lipophiles solides dépend essentiellement du contact et de 1'interaction entre le biocatalyseur et ce substrat lipophile. Les solutions proposées dans la littérature font appel à des solvants et des produits chimiques de natures souvent toxiques, inflammables et explosives. Ces solutions décrites font perdre à la bioconversion son caractère de biotechnologie blanche. Dans ce travail, nous avons montré qu'en plus de ses avantages connus, l'immobilisation passive de biocatalyseurs au sein d'un support poreux peut favoriser l'interaction cellule-substrat lipophile et augmenter le taux de bioconversion sans utiliser de solvants et de produits chimiques. La réaction modèle étudiée est le clivage de la chaine latérale des stérols par des mycobactéries en vue de l'obtention des androsténones précurseurs naturels des stéroïdes, molécules à forte valeur biologique ajoutée. Le support d'immobilisation le plus performant a été le fruit sec de Luffa cylindrica. Par rapport aux supports organiques classiques tels que les gels de polyacrylamide, les mousses de polyuréthane, la silicone et les plastiques, le fruit sec de Luffa cylindrica présente les avantages suivants : (i) c'est un produit naturel, (ii) biodégradable, (iii) peu onéreux, (iv) non toxique pour les microorganismes, (v) stable du point de vue mécanique et thermique, (vi) et réutilisable.

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12

Farrow, Michael John. "The effect of androstenediol on gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in vitro." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187109346.

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13

Farrow, Michael John. "The effect of androstenediol on gene expression and NF-κB activation in vitro." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1187109346.

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14

Wray, Scott. "The Effect of Androstenediol on the Influenza Virus APR8/34 in A549 Cells." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345223957.

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15

L'Allemand-Jander, Dagmar. "Untersuchungen zur normalen und pathologischen Steuerung der Nebennierenrinden-Androgene im Kindesalter." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969645805.

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16

Head, Cynthia C. "Hormonal regulation of cutaneous wound healing effect of androstenediol on stress-impaired wound healing /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186957947.

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17

Diskin, Francis. "Strategies to Employ Androstenediol to Reverse Steroid Inhibited Healing in a Rat Model of Trauma." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/119.

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Much of our current understanding regarding trauma, mechanisms of healing, and treatment strategies have evolved as a result of injuries suffered during armed conflict. While our understanding of these processes has advanced during and since these conflicts, treatment methods of traumatic wound healing have failed to progress significantly in the last forty years. The overall objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that the immune regulating hormone Androstenediol (AED) modulates the host’s immune system to promote wound healing under conditions where it has been inhibited by stress and infection. In an effort to characterize the effects of Androstenediol on healing following trauma, this research focused on strategies to evaluate which levels of trauma, immunosuppressive agents, and Androstenediol are required to reverse inhibition of healing. Sprague-Dawley rats were assessed for their response to trauma and intervention through assessment of white blood cell levels, cytokine and chemokine expression, and quantification of wound closure. While these studies did provide some trends reflecting modulation of cell counts and protein expression following AED treatment in immune-suppressed animals, measurement of wound closure failed to reveal a significant response.

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18

Grouf, Jaime L. "Characterization of value nutritions 5-androstenediol product and its proliferative effects on the LNCaP cell line." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-102707-170420/.

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19

Le, Roy-Le Gaouyat Brigitte. "Proprietes oestrogeniques de l'androst-5-ene beta-diol : un steroide hermaphrodiol." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1B022.

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20

Shaak, Thomas L. "HORMONE EPIMERS REGULATE ER STRESS AND CORE REGULATORY GENES: NETWORK ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATIONS TO GLIOMA AND CHRONIC PRESSURE ULCERS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/531.

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DHEA has been determined to have medically significant activity and is the parent compound to the more active metabolites; 17α-AED, 17β-AED and 17β-AET, which exhibit strong biological activity that has been attributed to androgenic, estrogenic or anti-glucocorticoid activity in vivo and in vitro. This study compared DHEA, 17α-AED, 17β-AED and 17β-AET for their ability to activate the human AR, ER and GR receptors and determine the relative androgenicity, estrogenicity and glucocorticoid activity. The results show that, at the receptor level, these androstene hormones are weak AR and even weaker ER activators. Direct androstene hormone activation of the human AR, ERα, and ERβ may not be essential for their biological function. Similarly, these hormones indirectly activated the human GR receptor; only in the presence of high dexamethasone concentrations. These results underscore the major difference between androstene hormone interactions with these nuclear receptors. 17β-AED and 17α-AED, androstene epimers that produce either survival or death, were utilized to treat T98G Glioblastoma cells. We identified 26 genes oppositely regulated by 17β-AED and 17α-AED to directly affect the cellular life or death decision. Network analysis demonstrated that these 26 genes are essential to regulating three critical Glioblastoma pathways. This report, for the first time, demonstrates that naturally occurring, chemically identical adrenal hormones (17β-AED or 17α-AED) direct a cellular life or death decision through contrasting modulation of identical signaling pathways and core regulators. Chronic pressure ulcers represent a significant health problem and are characterized by hypoxia, bacterial infection, repetitive ischemia/reperfusion and altered cellular and systemic stress responses. Whole genome microarray analysis was utilized in conjunction with IPA® premiere networking software to analyze chronic wound edge tissue. IPA® network analysis identified Ubiquitin C (UBC) as the most significant network. Sixteen (16) ubiquitin C associated genes were identified to be different in the chronic pressure ulcer and normal skin control. Targeted network analysis associated core regulators to 8 UBC associated genes that are unique to chronic pressure ulcers. The identification of these genes will allow the establishment of more effective treatments for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients with chronic pressure ulcers.

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21

Richter, Telse Erika. "Vergleichende Permeabilitäts- und Penetrationsstudien in vitro an Schweinekornea und Rindernasenmukosa sowie biophysikalische Untersuchungen an potentiellen Formulierungen (Mikroemulsionen)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15128.

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In dieser Arbeit wurden die beiden Membranen Schweinekornea und Rindernasenmukosa hinsichtlich ihrer Permeabilität für den lipophilen Arzneistoff Androstendion (AD), der sowohl zur ophthalmologischen Anwendung als auch für die nasale Applikation mit systemischer Wirkung von Interesse ist, verglichen. Zusätzlich wurden identische Versuche mit der synthetischen Membran, Nephrophan(r), durchgeführt. Neben der gepufferten Arzneistofflösung, für die aufgrund des differenzierten Membranaufbaus Permeationskoeffizienten (Peff) für AD im Verhältnis von 3:1:4 (Mukosa : Kornea : Nephrophan(r)) resultierten, standen zwei entwickelte wasserkontinuierliche, nicht-ionische Mikroemulsionen (ME) und ihre Einzelkomponenten als Trägerformulierungen bei den Permeationsstudien im Vordergrund. Darüber hinaus wurde ein ME-System mit einem kationischen Kotensid entwickelt, charakterisiert und in die Untersuchungen einbezogen. Die getesteten Trägerformulierungen führten an den einzelnen Membranen zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Um auch den "hydrophilen Permeationsweg" einzuschließen, wurde parallel Fluorescein-Na (FSC) als hydrophile Modellsubstanz getestet. Als mögliche Ursache für diese differenzierten Ergebnisse wurde ein Einfluss der Additiva und Formulierungen auf das Verteilungsverhalten des lipophilen AD zwischen Donatorlösung und Membran in Betracht gezogen und daher in einem weiteren Versuchsblock die Penetrationsrate untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde parallel dazu der metabolische Abbau, den AD während des Membrandurchtritts durch die vorhandenen Enzyme erfahren kann, berücksichtigt. Die Resultate zeigten Übereinstimmung mit den Permeationsergebnissen indem die Additiva und Formulierungen die Penetration in das Gewebe und den Metabolismus mehr oder weniger herabsetzten. Zur Charakterisierung der systemischen Verfügbarkeit von AD nach nasaler Applikation wurden im Anschluss an die Permeations- und Penetrationsversuche In-vivo-Studien an Kaninchen durchgeführt, die hier allerdings lediglich mit orientierendem Charakter einbezogen werden konnten. Um schließlich die Verhältnisse am Auge bzw. den mehrschichtigen Tränenfilm hinsichtlich einer Applikation der ME-Systeme modellhaft zu simulieren, wurden biophysikalische Untersuchungen in einem Langmuir-Trog mit Meibom''schen Drüsensekret als Oberflächenfilm durchgeführt, die über mögliche Interaktionen der Formulierungen bzw. ihrer Bestandteile mit der Tränenlipidschicht des Auges Auskunft geben sollten. Hier zeigten sich günstige Einflüsse der ME auf die Tränenlipidschicht, die vor allem bei einer Anwendung der ME bei Trockenem Auge von Vorteil sein können.
In these studies in vitro permeability of porcine cornea and bovine nasal mucosa was investigated and compared to each other using the lipophilic drug androstenedione (AD), which is of interest for ocular use as well as nasal, systemical administration. Additionally, the artificial membrane, Nephrophan(r), was used for identical investigations. Because of the differentiated membrane structure AD-permeation behaviour out of buffer solution resulted in a ratio of permeability coefficients (Peff) of 3:1:4 (nasal mucosa : cornea : Nephrophan(r)). Furthermore, two water-continuous, non-ionic microemulsions (ME) and their isolated components were investigated as carrier formulations. Additionally, a new ME containing a cationic co-surfactant was developed, characterized and included in the permeability studies as well. Permeation out of these carrier formulations also resulted in different Peff in case of all tissues. For including studies of the hydrophilic transport way flourescein-sodium (FSC) was investigated as well representing a hydrophilic model substance. Influence of the additives and formulations on the partition behaviour of AD between membrane and donor solution was considered to partially cause these results. Therefore, penetration of AD was investigated together with the metabolic conversion of AD caused by enzymes located in the biological membranes. The additives and formulations decreased penetration into the tissue as well as metabolism of the drug. These findings corresponded with and could therefore explain the results of the permeability studies to some extend. For characterizing systemical availability of AD after nasal administration and improving the results of the permeability and penetration investigations in vivo studies using rabbits were carried out. However, these studies could give but marginal information and therefore be incorporated for orientation only. Furthermore, biophysical investigations were carried out using a Langmuir trough with Meibomian gland secrete (MGS) as the surface layer in order to simulate the multiple layer tear film. These studies were supposed to give some information about interactions between the ME or their isolated components, respectively, and the lipid layer of the tear film, regarding ocular administration of these formulations. The results showed suitable influence of the ME on the MGS, which can especially be advantageous for a use in Dry eye syndrome.

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22

Daka, Jonathan Lembelani. "The isomerization of △⁵–androstene-3,17-dione by hGST A3-3: the pursuit of catalytic perfection in proton abstraction reactions of 3-ketosteroids." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17659.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2014.
The seemingly simple proton abstraction reactions underpin many chemical transformations including isomerization reactions and are thus of immense biological significance. Despite the energetic cost, enzyme-catalyzed proton abstraction reactions show remarkable rate enhancements. The pathways leading to these accelerated rates are numerous and on occasion partly enigmatic. The isomerization of the steroid, Δ5- androstene-3,17-dione by the human glutathione transferase A3-3 in mammals was investigated to gain insight into the mechanism. Particular emphasis was placed on the nature of the transition state, the intermediate suspected of aiding this process and the hydrogen bonds postulated to be the stabilizing forces of these transient species. Kinetics studies on Δ5-androstene-17-one, a substrate that is incapable of forming hydrogen bonds reveal that such stabilizing forces are not a requirement to explain the observed rate enhancements. The UV-Vis detection of the intermediate places this specie in the catalytic pathway while fluorescence spectroscopy is used to obtain the binding constant of the intermediate analogue equilenin. Analysis of the kinetics data in terms of the Marcus formalism indicates that the human glutathione transferase A3-3 lowers the intrinsic kinetic barrier by 3 kcal/mole. The results lead to the conclusion that this reaction proceeds through an enforced concerted mechanism in which the barrier to product formation is kinetically insignificant.

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23

Wu, Ya-Ting, and 吳雅婷. "Effect of Adlay Hull Extracts on the Secretion of Androstenedione In Vitro and In Vivo." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39003105912292890999.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
99
Androstenedione (AD) is mainly synthesized in adrenal glands and ovaries, which is precursors of testosterone and estrogen in women, while imbalance secretion of AD leads to dysfunction of endocrine system. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly occurs in childbearing women, and the diagnostic criteria include at least 2 subjects with following 3 events: (1) oligo-ovulation or anovulation; (2) hyperandrogenism clinically or in biomarkers; and (3) polycystic ovaries. Preceding high expression of androgens increase the risks of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and endometrial cancer. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) hull (AH) methanolic extract (AHM) was reported to suppress estradiol release from female rats and decrease level of testosterone in male ones. In the present investigation, the inhibitory effects of extracts from adlay seeds on AD secreted from human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated primary rat theca cell (TC). Further, the effective extracts in vitro were verified in vivo, and the active sub-fractions and effective components were elucidated. Results demonstrated that AH ethanolic extract (AHE) possessed significantly inhibitory capacity, and ethyl acetate fraction from AHE (AHE-EA) showed superior activity, which lowered the levels of serum AD, fasting blood glucose, and serum insulin; meanwhile the oxidative stress in ovaries was improved in PCOS animal model. H-sub-fraction from AHE-EA showed most favorable inhibitory potential in vitro, and was analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrum (MS)-MS. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 significantly suppressed AD release in vitro among them, 4 inhibited 82.7% of AD at 100 μM, and may be regarded as indicator in adlay seeds on modulation of AD secretion.

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24

"The Osteogenic Effects of 12 Weeks of Oral Supplementation of Androstenedione in Middle-Aged Men." East Tennessee State University, 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1107103-104810/.

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25

Li-Chung, Chuang, and 莊禮聰. "The Interactive Effect of FSH and TGFb1、Androstenedione on the Ovarian Granulosa Cell Function in Rats." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11447167700226334679.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
生理學研究所
87
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates granulosa cell growth and steroidogenesis during ovarian follicular development, and the local factors transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) and androgen enhance these functions of FSH. Also, FSH increases the secretion of plasminogen activator involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in rat granulosa cells. A recent study suggests that TGFb may play a role in ECM remodeling during follicle growth in mares by regulating the activities of gelatinases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interactive effect of FSH, TGFb1 and androstenedione on the secretion of gelatinases and steroidogenesis in rat granulosa cells. Granulosa cells, obtained from ovaries of gonadotropin-primed immature rats, were treated once with FSH, TGFb1 and androstenedione alone or in combinations for 2-day culture period. Cells were observed for morphological changes, and conditioned media were analyzed for gelatinase activity using gelatin zymography and scanning densitometry and progesterone level using enzyme immunoassay. The present study shows that FSH dose-dependently increased the secretion of a major 63-kDa gelatinase, and TGFb1 alone also stimulated its secretion. TGFb1 or androstenedione augmented FSH-induced secretion of 63-kDa gelatinase. In addition, FSH stimulated the production of progesterone, and this effect of FSH was dramatically enhanced by TGFb1 and androstenedione. Also, TGFb1 enhanced FSH-induced cell rounding phenomenon, while androstenedione exhibited milder effect than that of TGFb1. Furthermore, FSH in combination with TGFb1 and androstenedione exhibited stronger effects on gelatinase secretion and progesterone production than those of FSH combined with TGFb1 or androstenedione. This study demonstrates that TGFb1 and androstenedione may play an autocrine/paracrine role, and act synergistically with FSH in modulating granulosa cell functions. The possible interaction between steroidogenesis and gelatinase secretion awaits further study.

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"High Serum Androstenedione Levels Correlate With Impaired Memory In The Surgically Menopausal Rat: A Replication And New Findings." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15896.

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abstract: After natural menopause in women, androstenedione becomes the primary hormone secreted by the residual follicle deplete ovaries. Two independent studies, in rodents that had undergone ovarian follicular depletion, found that higher serum androstenedione levels correlated with increased working memory errors. This led to the hypothesis that androstenedione impairs memory. The current study directly tested this hypothesis, examining the cognitive effects of androstenedione administration in a rodent model. Middle-aged ovariectomized rats received vehicle or one of two doses of androstenedione (4 or 8 mg/kg daily). Rats were tested on a spatial working and reference memory maze battery including the water radial arm maze, Morris maze, and delay-match-to-sample task. Results showed that androstenedione at the highest dose impaired reference memory and working memory, including ability to maintain performance as memory demand was elevated. The latter was true for both high temporal demand memory retention of one item of spatial information, as well as the ability to handle multiple items of spatial working memory information. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) levels were measured in multiple brain regions to determine whether the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system mediates androstenedione's cognitive impairments. Results showed that higher entorhinal cortex GAD levels were correlated with poorer Morris maze performance, regardless of androstenedione treatment. These findings suggest that androstenedione, the main hormone produced by the follicle deplete ovary, is detrimental to spatial learning, reference memory, and working memory, and that spatial reference memory performance might be related to the GABAergic system.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Psychology 2012

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Bernhard, Johanna. "Qualitative und quantitative Untersuchungen der Ovarien des in Gefangenschaft lebenden Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus) in Relation zu kritischen physiologischen und biochemischen Indikatoren im Zusammenhang mit Übergewicht." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B11F-D.

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