Academic literature on the topic 'Androgyny index'
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Journal articles on the topic "Androgyny index"
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Yarnold, Paul R., Gary J. Martin, Robert C. Soltysik, and Steven D. Nightingale. "Androgyny Predicts Empathy for Trainees in Medicine." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 2 (October 1993): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.2.576.
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Data from 65 medical students and residents support the hypothesis that scores on a measure of androgyny are predictive of those on an index of empathy but relatively modest predictive accuracy was observed for sympathetic responses. Further exploration is suggested.
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Pavlova, T. S., and A. B. Kholmogorova. "Gender factors of social anxiety in adolescence." Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no. 1 (2014): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060119.
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Social anxiety in adolescence is one of the most important factors of social and psychological maladjustment. The data of Russian and international research of the differences in the severity of social anxiety in boys and girls is not uniform. In a study conducted by the authors, participants were 183 adolescents aged 12-16 years (90 boys and 93 girls), students of VII-X grades. We measured the level of social anxiety and defined the type of gender identity. The results showed that biological sex does not influence the severity of social anxiety: there were no differences in this indicator between boys and girls. The factor influencing the level of social anxiety was gender identity, and gender identity types (masculinity, femininity, androgyny) have approximately the same distributions in both boys and girls. The level of social anxiety shows inversed connection with level of masculinity in adolescents of both sexes and direct connection with femininity index. The magnitude of the gap between the real and the ideal of masculinity of the Self is more pronounced in adolescents with social anxiety disorder.
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Vitulli, William F., and Jane M. Barbin. "Humor-Value Assessment as a Function of Sex, Age, and Education." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1991): 1155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1155.
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A sense of humor may be related to our survival, yet the value one places on humor is typically not very explicit. Sex, age, and education were selected as variables to examine how participants would respond to Vitulli's Humor Rating Scale. 217 volunteers (108 men and 109 women) were distributed among four levels of education: Grade 8, high school, college, and a combined sample of graduate students and professors. The rating scale measured attitudes toward male-oriented humor, female-oriented humor, general humor values, and an index of “differentiation of humor by gender.” Significant interactions between sex and humor scales and between educational levels and humor scales were found in a 2 × 4 × 4 factorial (split-plot) design. Scheffé tests of multiple comparisons between sample means showed significant sex differences on the male-oriented scale and on the differentiation scale. Significant differences between educational levels occurred on the male- and female-oriented scales, as well as on the differentiation scale. The ‘egalitarian hypothesis’ and the ‘androgyny hypothesis’ were evaluated to assess under what conditions they do or do not account for the data.
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O’Reilly, Michael W., Punith Kempegowda, Carl Jenkinson, Angela E. Taylor, Jonathan L. Quanson, Karl-Heinz Storbeck, and Wiebke Arlt. "11-Oxygenated C19 Steroids Are the Predominant Androgens in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3285.
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Abstract Context: Androgen excess is a defining feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the exact origin of hyperandrogenemia remains a matter of debate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the 11-oxygenated C19 steroid pathway to androgen metabolism in humans. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of 11-oxygenated androgens to androgen excess in women with PCOS. Methods: One hundred fourteen women with PCOS and 49 healthy control subjects underwent measurement of serum androgens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-four–hour urinary androgen excretion was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose were measured for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Baseline demographic data, including body mass index, were recorded. Results: As expected, serum concentrations of the classic androgens testosterone (P < 0.001), androstenedione (P < 0.001), and dehydroepiandrosterone (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in PCOS. Mirroring this, serum 11-oxygenated androgens 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketoandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone were significantly higher in PCOS than in control subjects, as was the urinary 11-oxygenated androgen metabolite 11β-hydroxyandrosterone. The proportionate contribution of 11-oxygenated to total serum androgens was significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with control subjects [53.0% (interquartile range, 48.7 to 60.3) vs 44.0% (interquartile range, 32.9 to 54.9); P < 0.0001]. Obese (n = 51) and nonobese (n = 63) patients with PCOS had significantly increased 11-oxygenated androgens. Serum 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione correlated significantly with markers of insulin resistance. Conclusions: We show that 11-oxygenated androgens represent the majority of circulating androgens in women with PCOS, with close correlation to markers of metabolic risk.
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Honour, John W., Richard Jones, Sam Leary, Jean Golding, Ken K. Ong, and David B. Dunger. "Relationships of Urinary Adrenal Steroids at Age 8 Years with Birth Weight, Postnatal Growth, Blood Pressure, and Glucose Metabolism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 4340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0851.
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Abstract Introduction: Overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through a program set by early growth patterns is hypothesized to lead to central obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. We therefore examined links between adrenal steroid production and birth weight, rapid early growth, and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference, and resistance to insulin in early childhood through the action of adrenal steroids. Methods: Timed overnight urine samples were collected in 461 children from a large representative birth cohort. In total 244 boys and 188 girls aged 8.2–8.4 yr completed the protocol. The excretion rates of individual steroids were measured to determine total androgen and cortisol metabolites. Indices of activity of 5α-androgen reduction of androgens and cortisol metabolites and 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity were calculated. Results: In both boys and girls, total urinary androgen and cortisol metabolites were positively related to current height, weight, BMI, and waist circumference. Girls had higher urine androgen metabolite levels and 5α-androgen indexes than boys, and in girls higher androgen metabolite excretion was associated with lower birth weight and faster postnatal weight gain. After adjustment for current BMI, total cortisol metabolites and 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase index were not related to birth weight or postnatal weight gain in either sex. Conclusions: These data confirm early growth associations in this cohort seen with plasma levels of adrenal androgens at age 8 yr, at least in girls. Larger studies and follow-up during puberty are needed to exclude the possibility of programming of cortisol metabolism by early growth.
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de Medeiros, Sebastião Freitas, Bruna Barcelo Barbosa, Ana Karine Lin Winck Yamamoto de Medeiros, Matheus Antônio Souto de Medeiros, and Márcia Marly Winck Yamamoto. "Differential Effects of Various Androgens on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Hormone and Metabolic Research 53, no. 05 (April 20, 2021): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1422-3243.
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AbstractThe hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the risk for the future development of the cardiovascular disease. The objective of the study is to verify whether different androgens have the same harmful effect. This cross-sectional study enrolled 823 women with PCOS: 627 (76.2%) with biochemical hyperandrogenism and 196 (23.8%) with normal androgen levels. The role of individual androgen was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. In normoandrogenemic PCOS (NA-PCOS), free androgen index (FAI) predicted significant abnormality in visceral adipose index (VAI, OR=9.2, p=0.002) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) predicted against alteration in β-cell function (OR=0.5, p=0.007). In hyperandrogenemic PCOS (HA-PCOS), FAI predicted derangements in waist triglyceride index (WTI), VAI, and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (OR ranging from 1.6 to 5.8, p<0.05). DHEA weakly predicted against VAI (OR 0.7, p=0.018), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) tended to predict against the conicity index (OR=0.7, p=0.037). After multiple regression, FAI retained significant strength to predict various anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities (OR ranging from 1.1 to 3.0, p<0.01), DHEA was kept as a protector factor against WTI, LAP, and VAI (OR ranging from 0.6 to 0.9; p<0.01) and DHEAS against the conicity index (OR=0.5, p<0.001). In conclusion, the free androgen index was the most powerful predictor of anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conversely, DHEA and DHEAS demonstrated protective effects against disorders in some markers of obesity and abnormal metabolism.
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Bernini, G. P., M. Sgro’, A. Moretti, G. F. Argenio, C. O. Barlascini, R. Cristofani, and A. Salvetti. "Endogenous Androgens and Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness in Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.6.5824.
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The influence of endogenous androgens on atherosclerotic disease in women is unknown. In this study involving 101 pre- and postmenopausal females, we evaluated the relationship between serum androgen levels and both carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and major cardiovascular risk factors. In addition to evaluation of blood pressure, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione (A), total testosterone (TTS), free testosterone (FTS), insulin, cholesterol (total and high density lipoproteins), triglycerides, and glucose were measured. All women underwent carotid ultrasonography. Spearman correlation coefficients showed that serum DHEA-S and A levels were negatively related (P < 0.03–0.0004) to several IMT measures. Higher tertiles of DHEA-S, A, and FTS corresponded to significantly lower measures of carotid thickness. DHEA-S, and all androgens were inversely related to age (P < 0.03 or less), showing no unfavorable association with major cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, serum DHEA-S was negatively associated with WHR (P < 0.02), while A was negatively associated with body mass index (P < 0.02). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that A and FTS showed an inverse association with IMT measures (P< 0.05–0.001). In conclusion, our data indicate that in women serum DHEA-S and androgens decline with age and that normal hormonal levels are not associated with major cardiovascular risk factors. They also show that higher DHEA-S and androgen concentrations are related to lower carotid wall thickness; for A this association is independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Our results suggest that, in the physiological range, DHEA-S and androgens in women are correlated with lower risk of carotid artery atherosclerosis.
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Vandenput, Liesbeth, Dan Mellström, Mattias Lorentzon, Charlotte Swanson, Magnus K. Karlsson, John Brandberg, Lars Lönn, et al. "Androgens and Glucuronidated Androgen Metabolites Are Associated with Metabolic Risk Factors in Men." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 4130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0252.
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Abstract Context: Androgens are associated with metabolic risk factors in men. However, the independent impact of androgens and androgen metabolites on metabolic risk factors in men is unclear. Objective: Our objective was to determine the predictive value of serum levels of androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites for metabolic risk factors. Design and Study Subjects: We conducted a population-based study of two Swedish cohorts (1068 young adult and 1001 elderly men). Main Outcome Measures: We measured correlation of serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), and glucuronidated androgen metabolites with fat mass, fat distribution, serum lipids, and insulin resistance. Results: Both DHT and T were negatively associated with different measures of fat mass in both cohorts (P < 0.001). Further statistical analysis indicated that DHT, but not T, was independently negatively associated with different measures of fat mass and insulin resistance (P < 0.001). The glucuronidated androgen metabolite androstane-3α,17β-diol-17glucuronide (17G) was independently positively associated with fat mass (P < 0.001). Most importantly, the 17G to DHT ratio was strongly correlated, not only with fat mass but also with central fat distribution, intrahepatic fat, disturbed lipid profile, insulin resistance, and diabetes, explaining a substantial part of the total variance in total body fat (12% in young adult men, 15% in elderly men), the homeostasis model assessment index (10%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (7%). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that 17-glucuronidation of the DHT metabolite androstane-3α,17β-diol is strongly associated with several metabolic risk factors in men. Future longitudinal studies are required to determine the possible impact of the 17G to DHT ratio as a metabolic risk factor in men.
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Puurunen, Johanna, Terhi Piltonen, Päivi Jaakkola, Aimo Ruokonen, Laure Morin-Papunen, and Juha S. Tapanainen. "Adrenal Androgen Production Capacity Remains High up to Menopause in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-2583.
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Abstract Introduction: Hyperandrogenism is one of the main features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Of circulating androgens, 50% of androstenedione and testosterone are of ovarian and adrenal origin, whereas dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate are almost uniquely of adrenal origin. Our previous studies have indicated that ovarian androgen production capacity is enhanced in women with PCOS, and it remains high until late reproductive age. To study whether this also applies to adrenal androgen production, ACTH tests were performed in healthy women and in women with PCOS. Materials: Sixty-nine healthy women (aged 19–62 yr; body mass index 19.2–35.0 kg/m2) and 58 women with previously diagnosed PCOS (aged 18–59 yr; body mass index 19.0–42.9 kg/m2) participated in the study. Methods: The subjects underwent ACTH stimulation tests, and serum cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, DHEA, and DHEA sulfate levels were analyzed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Results: Basal and ACTH-stimulated levels of most adrenal androgens decreased in healthy women with age, whereas in women with PCOS, only the concentrations of basal serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone decreased, and all areas under the curve (AUCs) remained unchanged and significantly higher (except for DHEA) than those in control women. Likewise, at the menopausal transition, pre- and postmenopausal women with PCOS exhibited mainly unchanged and higher basal androgen and AUC levels. Conclusions: Similarly to ovarian endocrine function, serum adrenal steroid levels and adrenal steroid production capacity remain enhanced at least up to menopause in women with PCOS.
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Raivio, Taneli, Jorma Toppari, Marko Kaleva, Helena Virtanen, Anne-Maarit Haavisto, Leo Dunkel, and Olli A. Jänne. "Serum Androgen Bioactivity in Cryptorchid and Noncryptorchid Boys during the Postnatal Reproductive Hormone Surge." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 2597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021676.
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The first postnatal months of life in boys are characterized by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis that results in the well depicted surge of reproductive hormones. Serum testosterone levels at that time are high, but infants do not display signs of virilization, and subsequently there is only indirect evidence that circulating androgens during the surge are biologically active. We used a recombinant cell bioassay to determine serum androgen bioactivity in 80 3-month-old boys born after full-term pregnancies (37–42 wk) in whom localization of the testes was determined by palpation after birth and at a mean age of 3 months. At that age, serum androgen bioactivity ranged from less than 0.8 to 1.9 nm testosterone equivalents and correlated with serum testosterone concentration (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001; n = 34), free androgen index (r = 0.80; P < 0.0001; n = 34), age (r = −0.29; P < 0.01; n = 80), and localization of the testes (r = −0.24; P < 0.05; n = 80). Moreover, all boys in this study with detectable androgen bioactivity (n = 26) had testes located in scrotal or high scrotal position (n = 64), whereas all boys (n = 16) with at least 1 suprascrotal, inguinal, or nonpalpable testis had nonmeasurable androgen bioactivity in serum (P < 0.01). We conclude that 3-month-old boys are exposed to biological effects of androgens during the postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and that this exposure may be reduced in boys with at least 1 testis located superior to the scrotum.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Androgyny index"
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Fowler, Lesley, and n/a. "Meditation and mental health." University of Canberra. Education, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060710.130437.
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The claims of the traditional texts and teachers of Buddhist meditation include the enhancement of mental health.
Twenty five meditators sitting a ten day retreat in Vipassana and Metta meditation were measured on a compassion scale and an androgyny index. The androgyny index was used to measure mental health.
Compassion scores for all meditators increased slightly after the
retreat. Experienced meditators had significantly higher scores than
inexperienced meditators.
Regardless of previous experience, meditators with high
compassion scores significantly increased in androgyny after the
retreat. The traditional claims for the enhancement of mental health
are therefore supported by these results.
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Gavassa, Becerra Sat. "Social and Environmental Regulation of Signal Plasticity and Signal Reliability in the Electric Fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/687.
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The balance between the costs and benefits of conspicuous signals ensures that the expression of those signals is related to the quality of the bearer. Plastic signals could enable males to maximize conspicuous traits to impress mates and competitors, but reduce the expression of those traits to minimize signaling costs, potentially compromising the information conveyed by the signals.
I investigated the effect of signal enhancement on the information coded by the biphasic electric signal pulse of the gymnotiform fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio. Increases in population density drive males to enhance the amplitude of their signals. I found that signal amplitude enhancement improves the information about the signaler’s size. Furthermore, I found that the elongation of the signal’s second phase conveys information about androgen levels in both sexes, gonad size in males and estrogen levels in females. Androgens link the duration of the signal’s second phase to other androgen-mediated traits making the signal an honest indicator of reproductive state and aggressive motivation.
Signal amplitude enhancement facilitates the assessment of the signaler’s resource holding potential, important for male-male interactions, while signal duration provides information about aggressive motivation to same-sex competitors and reproductive state to the opposite sex. Moreover, I found that female signals also change in accordance to the social environment. Females also increase the amplitude of their signal when population density increases and elongate the duration of their signal’s second phase when the sex ratio becomes female-biased. Indicating that some degree of sexual selection operates in females.
I studied whether male B. gauderio use signal plasticity to reduce the cost of reproductive signaling when energy is limited. Surprisingly, I found that food limitation promotes the investment in reproduction manifested as signal enhancement and elevated androgen levels. The short lifespan and single breeding season of B. gauderio diminishes the advantage of energy savings and gives priority to sustaining reproduction. I conclude that the electric signal of B. gauderio provides reliable information about the signaler, the quality of this information is reinforced rather than degraded with signal enhancement.
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Englund, Sofia. "Verification of a method for sexual hormone-binding globulin analysis and estimation of free testosterone." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176590.
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Introduction: Sexual hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein that binds to androgens and oestrogens, especially testosterone. The fraction of testosterone that is not bound to SHBG is the biologically active fraction which makes its determination more relevant than determining the total amount of circulating testosterone. It is difficult to measure the plasma concentration of free testosterone; therefore calculations using the concentrations of testosterone and SHBG are used to estimate the amount of free testosterone. A few calculations include the concentration of albumin because testosterone also binds to albumin. The main aims of this study were to verify a method for the determination of SHBG and to calculate a reference interval for free androgen index (FAI, testosterone/SHBG) in women. Other calculations for determination of the free testosterone fraction were compared. Methods: Testosterone, SHBG and albumin were measured in serum from 20 men and 100 women. Testosterone and SHBG was measured using immunoassays on a Roche Modular E instrument (ECLIA). Albumin was measured with a c8000 Architect instrument. Four calculations, two with only testosterone and SHBG and two with testosterone, SHBG and albumin were compared. Results/Conclusion: The verification of the SHBG method was successful which means that the method can be taken into routine use. A reference interval for FAI was constructed. It was difficult to show if other estimation of free testosterone would work better than FAI in clinical practice. This is discussed.
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Kozlovienė, Dalia. "Padidėjusio moterų kūno plaukuotumo sąsajų su biocheminiu hiperandrogenizmu įvertinimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060125_130116-46058.
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Objective
To determine the relationship between increased body hair growth in women and serum sex hormone level, body mass index, and clinical signs.
Sample and methods
The sample group consisted of 186 women, 18–35 year old residents of Lithuania who were referred to the Clinic of Endocrinology, Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital in 2002–2004 and complained for increased body hair growth. Exclusion criteria: 1) taking systemic medications within the period shorter than three months before the beginning of the study; 2) specific reasons of excessive body hair growth, such as androgen secreting adrenal or ovarian tumors, hyperprolactinemia, Cushing syndrome; 3) thyroid dysfunction. A total number of 37 women were excluded from further study. Statistical analysis was performed on 149 women. Increased body hair growth was assessed using Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) method. Blood samples were drawn in the morning (08:00–10:00 h), in the early follicular phase, with an exclusion of 7 women with amenorrhea, while the blood sample of 12 women with oligomenorrhea was drawn following at least 2 months after the last menstruation. Serum hormones (total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) level were measured using the commercial kits. FAI was calculated as follows: T (nmol/l) × 100/ SHBG (nmol/l).
Results
The significance of correlations between the F-G score and the tested variables decreased in the... [to full text]
Books on the topic "Androgyny index"
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Barrett, Rusty. “The Faggot God is Here!”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390179.003.0003.
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This chapter analyzes the language of religious music among radical faeries, a gay subculture founded in Neopagan religion. The analysis focuses on Ye Faerie Hymnal, a collection of songs used during faerie gatherings (in which faeries meet together in a rural or outdoor setting, usually for several days). Particular attention is given to Bakhtin’s concept of chronotopes, or the spatial and temporal associations indexed by a particular use of language. The songs in the hymnal index chronotopes associated with anti-Christian stances. The songs include multiple appropriations from religious traditions that have historically been oppressed by Christian groups. The songs also index chronotopes specific to radical faerie history, including prior faerie gatherings. Particular attention is given to the ways in which the songs reproduce radical faerie ideologies of gay male androgyny.
Book chapters on the topic "Androgyny index"
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"Index." In Hollywood Androgyny, 249–60. Columbia University Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/bell91450-008.
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"Index." In Androgyny in Late Ming and Early Qing Literature, 313–26. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824861452-016.
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"Index." In Wagner Androgyne, 353–59. Princeton University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400863242.353.
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"Index." In Androgens and Reproductive Aging, 171–79. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14632-16.
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"Index." In Androgen Deficiency in The Adult Male, 253–66. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13940-14.
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van Rossum, Elisabeth F. C., and Steven W. J. Lamberts. "Glucocorticoid resistance—a defect of the glucocorticoid receptor." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 837–42. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0594.
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The first case of glucocorticoid resistance was reported in 1976 by Vingerhoeds et al. (1). The patient was suffering from hypercortisolism with none of the tissue effects of Cushing’s disease. Further evaluation revealed that the ligand-binding affinity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was diminished. His son and nephew were mildly affected and their GR also showed a reduced hormone affinity, although this was to a lesser extent. Later, the GR gene of the index patient was sequenced and showed a homozygous mutation at position 2054, yielding a valine for aspartic acid substitution at amino acid residue 641 (2). The other two family members appeared to be heterozygous carriers of the same mutation, which can explain their milder clinical picture. Since then, other patients with mutations in the GR gene leading to the syndrome of generalized glucocorticoid resistance have been described (Table 5.8.1) (18). Familial glucocorticoid resistance is a rare disease, characterized by reduced cortisol action at the tissue level, which is compensated for by elevation of ACTH levels, resulting in an increase of adrenal steroids (glucocorticoids, androgens, mineralocorticoids) (18). It is rather unfamiliar and may confuse clinicians, since the signs and symptoms can be nonspecific. This syndrome has an autosomal recessive or dominant mode of inheritance.
Conference papers on the topic "Androgyny index"
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Dobi, Albert, Denise Young, Wei Huang, Lakshmi Ravindranth, Shashwat Sharad, Hua Li, Gyorgy Petrovics, David G. McLeod, Isabell Sesterhenn, and Shiv Srivastava. "Abstract 1206: Evaluation of androgen receptor function index (ARFI) in prostate cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1206.
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Shao, Guangbin, Longqiu Li, Hongtao Zhang, Xinrong Zhou, Tingting Li, and Hualei Dong. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Vision Impairment in Long-Term Exposure to Microgravity." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59433.
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Recently researches have reported the ocular structural and functional changes observed in astronauts after long-duration space flight, which includes optic disk edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, hyperopic shifts and reduction of near visual acuity. This syndrome, which is called the Visual Impairment/Intracranial Pressure (VIIP) Syndrome, is reported due to the alterations of translaminar pressure and some other factors (concentration of CO2, genotype, B-vitamin status, androgens, etc.) in microgravity or in space station. On account of the shortage of measurement and limit of sample size in space experiments, the study of VIIP Syndrome was difficult to make progress. In this research, numerical analysis combined with animal experiment were performed. In the animal experiment, hindlimb suspension (HLS) model was used to simulate the cephalic liquid shifts of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in microgravity, as well as fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were executed to detect the ocular structural changes. For both the experimental group and the control group, the illumination, temperature and feeding were strictly controlled, well the watering was unrestricted, during the long-term hinlimb suspension. The ocular structural changes and the physiological index including weight and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated. A numerical model of eye was established, then finite element analysis was performed to study the biomechanical response of ocular structure due to the changes of translaminar pressure. We observed that the changes of the ocular structure in rats after the long-term hindlimb suspension were consistent with the finite element simulation results. The findings in this research showed the significance of animal experiment and numerical analysis for the study of VIIP Syndrome.