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Journal articles on the topic 'Andrographis paniculata'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dewi, Indri Kusuma, Titik Lestari, and Siti Nur Rofi'ah. "Formulation and Physical Test of Ethanolic Extract Sambiloto Leaves (Andrographis paniculata) Ointment." Sains Medika 6, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/sainsmed.v6i2.603.

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Introduction: Andrographis paniculata had known contained active substance such as andrographolida, atsiri oil, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and saponin which functions as antibacterial, antitoxic, analgesic, and anti-pyretic. Based on its antibacterial properties, an ointment form of Andrographis paniculata leaf is then formulated, for practical usage. Ointment formula is semi solid for topical use in the skin or mucosal membranes. Objectives: to know the result of ointment physical test of etanolic extract Andrographis paniculata leaf. Methods: physical tests contain organoleptic test, pH, homogenity, adhesion test and dispersive test. Results: Ointment shaped semi solid, blacky green and special smell of Andrographis paniculata, pH 6, homogenity test obtained homogenous results, adhesion test was 82 second and dispersive test was 5.6 cm. Conclusion: the result of physical tests of etanolic Andrographis paniculata leaf extract ointment appropriate with quality standard.

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Agrawal, Dr R. C., and Prachi Pandey. "SCREENING OF Andrographis Paniculata EXTRACT FOR ANTIOXIDANT AND GENOTOXIC ACTIVITIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.780.

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Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant which has been used to treat various ailments. The present study was undertaken to analyze the phytochemical compounds and evaluated the antioxidant and genotoxic potential of Andrographis paniculata leaves and whole plant extracts. Phytochemical compounds analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of methanol extracts of the leaves and whole plant extracts which showed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrate, Resins, Saponins, Flavonoid, Steroids, Glycosides and Tannin. Quantitative analysis were also conducted to determine the amount of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins and Tannin by HPTLC Finger printing methods in A. paniculata ( A.P.) leaves and whole plant .The Antioxidant activity of A. paniculata Methanolic extract was evaluated by Fenton methods which showed the dose dependent Inhibition of TBARS formation. The Genotoxicity was evaluated by Micronucleus Assay. The dose dependent prevention of bone marrow micronucleus formation by Andrographis paniculata leaves and whole plant extracts was observed. Therefore, Andrographis paniculata leaves and whole plant extract caused antioxidant and genotoxic potential.

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3

Sahu, Madhavi, and S. Prakash Rao. "Review Literature: Andrographis paniculata." Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics 10, no. 4 (2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5836.2018.00031.9.

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4

Sadhana H M, Suresh Joghee, and Hamsalakshmi. "Andrographis Paniculata – A Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 5395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3162.

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Andrographis paniculata (AP) is commonly known as creat or green chiretta belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is also known as Kalmegh and popularly called as King of bitters. It was widely used in the traditional system of medicines such as Siddha system, Ayurvedic system and Chinese medicine for the regular treatment of a common cold. Some of the reported health benefits are Antidiabetic, Antipyretic, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Antimalarial, Anti-cancer, Antityphoid, Anti-diarrhoea, antioedema, etc. Whole plant possesses medicinal property and leaves are explicitly used for therapeutic care. The plant contains four major diterpenoids such as andrographolide, neoandrographolide,14-deoxyandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and also includes other phytoconstituents such as flavonoidssesquiterpene lactones, etc. Andrographolide is found as major constituent in the leaves and reported for a wide variety of pharmacological activities. The purpose of this review is to brief the plant's literature survey via internet sources such as google scholar and PubMed providing a medium to explain the plant's ethnobotany information on conventional usage, essential chemical constituents and selected plant pharmacology activities are obtained from existing research articles to frame the review. The present analysis also illustrates the pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics of Andrographis paniculata from which researchers may get benefited for further qualitative research.

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5

KUROYANAGI, MASANORI, MAKOTO SATO, AKIRA UENO, and KOUZABURO NISHI. "Flavonoids from Andrographis paniculata." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 11 (1987): 4429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.4429.

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6

Fitriani, Nyayu, Kamalia Layal, and Kamila Kamila. "Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Andrographis Paniculata dan Vernonia Amygdalina." Syifa' MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 7, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/sm.v7i2.1371.

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Diabetes mellitus merupakan sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronik yang diakibatkan oleh defek pada sekresi insulin, aksi insulin atau keduanya. Daun Andrographis paniculata dan Vernonia amygdalina merupakan tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengendali kadar gula dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak kedua daun dibandingkan dengan acarbose dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah postprandial tikus diabetes. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental, dengan pre dan post test control group design. Tikus diinduksi dengan aloksan kemudian diobati dengan kombinasi ekstrak dengan dosis yang berbeda selama 7 hari. Sebanyak 25 ekor tikus dibagi dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang diberikan aquadest (kontrol negatif); acarbose 75mg/kgBB (kontrol positif), kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Andrographis paniculata 500mg/kgBB dan daun Vernonia amygdalina 100mg/kgBB; kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Andrographis paniculata 1000mg/kgBB dan daun Vernonia amygdalina 200mg/kgBB; dan kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Andrographis paniculata 2000mg/kgBB dan daun Vernonia amygdalina 400mg/kgBB. Analisis data kadar gula darah tikus menggunakan uji T- berpasangan dan PostHoc. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara semua kombinasi ekstrak daun Andrographis paniculata dan daun Vernonia amygdalina dengan acarbose dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah postprandial tikus wistar yang diinduksi aloksan (p>0,05). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Andrographis paniculata dan daun Vernonia amygdalina efektif dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah postprandial tikus diabetes.

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7

Oseni, B. A., C. P. Azubuike, and O. O. Okubanjo. "DNA Barcode Authentication and Improvement of Andrographolide Yield in Andrographis paniculata Plant." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v16i2.3.

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Background: Andrographolide, the major bioactive compound responsible for most pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial activity exhibited by the Andrographis paniculata plant is present in small quantities. In addition, the genus Andrographis has about 28 species most of which possess no medicinal value. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcode is utilized in species identification and plant authentication.Objectives: This study aimed at authenticating Andrographis paniculata using DNA barcodes and improving the yield of andrographolide via enzymatic treatment.Materials and Method: The DNA of Andrographis plant was obtained using the Qiagen kit. The psbA-trnH and rbcL DNA barcode regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Presence of amplified regions was confirmed using gel electrophoresis and the amplicons were sequenced. A blast N search was performed on the sequenced DNA. The constituents of A. paniculata dried leaves was extracted using methanol, followed by treatment with and without β glucosidase. The extract obtained was dried and partitioned using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was concentrated and dissolved in methanol. Andrographolide content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: The psbA-trnH and rbcL DNA regions were successfully amplified having 358 and 604 bp respectively. The DNA barcode sequences obtained were identical to the psbA-trnH (97%) and rbcL (99%) genes of A. paniculata voucher MICET P00101. The mean andrographolide yield was 9.4±0.11mg/g and 8.9±0.13mg/g dry weight for the treatment and control groups respectively; statistical analysis at p = 0.05 shows a significant difference.Conclusion: The Andrographis plant used in this study was confirmed to be Andrographis paniculata, enzymatic treatment increased andrographolide yield from the plant. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide, authentication, DNA barcodes, β-glucosidase.

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8

Ain, Noor ul, Nusrat Bano, Anwar Ejaz Beg, Kamran Hameed, Talha Bin Fayyaz, and Rafia Sadaf. "HEMATOLOGICAL TOXICITY IN RATS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 02 (February 14, 2017): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.525.

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Objectives: Oxaliplatin causes hematological toxicities in clinical setting whichlimits its efficacy. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of Andrographispaniculata against hematological toxicity caused by oxaliplatin. Study design: Experimentalanimal study. Period: Study takes 8 month from March 2015 to Oct 2015. Setting: Dow universityanimal house. Method: Wistar albino male rats, divided into 3 equals groups (n=6): GroupN* was a control group (0.9% normal saline), Group NP0 was Oxaliplatin treated group andGroup NP1 was prophylactically treated with Andrographis paniculata followed by Oxaliplatinin order to assess the protective effects of Andrographis paniculata against the hematologictoxicity caused by Oxaliplatin. Results: Prophylactic treatment with Andrographis paniculata(NP1) significantly increases the levels of platelets and neutrophile count compared with thestandard (NP0) (p<0.01) and increases the RBCs count and levels of hemoglobin comparedwith the standard (NP0). Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with Andrographis paniculata(NP1) was effective in reducing risk of thrombocytopenia, anemia and neutropenia associatedwith Oxaliplatin.

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9

Roy, Anitha. "Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR." Bioinformation 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017023.

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EGFR is linked with oral cancer. Therefore, it is of interest document the molecular docking analysis of compounds from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR. We report the binding features of five compounds 14- acetylandrographolide, andrograpanin, andrographolide, isoandrographolide and neoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR for further consideration.

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10

Sharma, Kriti, and Ekta S. Chauhan. "Comparative Study of Nutritional and Phytochemical Attributes of Andrographis paniculata, Bryophyllum pinnatum and Clitoria ternatea for Nutraceutical Applications." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666181024144113.

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Background:Andrographis paniculata, Bryophyllum pinnatum and Clitoria ternatea are the nutritionally adequate herbs that are easily accessible and low cost. The presence of phytochemicals makes them helpful in the management of various diseases specifically being diabetes, anemia and hypertension leading to prevention of heart diseases.Objective:Current investigation is aimed to determine the nutritional and phytochemical composition of leaves of Andrographis paniculata, Bryophyllum pinnatum and Clitoria ternatea.Methods:All the experiments were done according to standard procedures of the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC).Results:Leaves of Clitoria ternatea were recorded to have a maximum concentration of vitamin C, compared to Andrographis paniculata and Bryophyllum pinnatum. Simultaneously, carbohydrate content was also recorded to be maximum and found significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to Andrographis paniculata and Bryophyllum pinnatum. Leaves of Andrographis paniculata were found to have maximum contents of ash, manganese, calcium, sodium and iron which were also significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared to Bryophyllum pinnatum and Clitoria ternatea. Levels of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus were recorded maximum in Bryophyllum pinnatum among the three herbs studied. Levels of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins were recorded to be significantly elevated (P<0.05) in Clitoria ternatea among studied herbs. Meanwhile, saponins and phenolic compounds were found to be maximum in leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and they were significantly elevated (P<0.05) as compared to Andrographis paniculata and Clitoria ternatea.Conclusion:Nutrients and phytoconstituents help to maintain nutritional status as well as prevent various disorders. Therefore, they should be included as a dietary supplement.

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11

Situmeang, Merliana Sari, Suryani Hutomo, and Yanti Ivana Suryanto. "UJI POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK AIR ALLIUM CEPA L DAN ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NESS TERHADAP PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA." Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/bikdw.v2i1.35.

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Bawang bombay (Allium cepa L) dan sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness) merupakan tumbuhan yang sering kita jumpai di sekitar kita. Allium cepa L dan Andrographis paniculata Ness secara terpisah telah diteliti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri kombinasi Allium cepa L dan Andrographis paniculata Ness terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kedua tanaman tersebut diekstraksi dengan metode infusa menggunakan pelarut air. Uji daya hambat dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk menentukan konsentrasi terendah yang sudah memiliki zona hambat dan didapatkan konsentrasi 25% untuk masing-masing ekstrak, maka konsentrasi inilah yang digunakan sebagai kombinasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji One Way Anova kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan zona hambat yang signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,00, p < 0,05) pada kombinasi Allium cepa L dan Andrographis paniculata Ness dibanding sediaan tunggal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat peningkatan potensi antibakteri terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa.

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12

Wongkhamprai, Pawin, and Manthana Jariyaboon. "Effect of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees extract on corrosion of low C-steel in 0.1 M HCl." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2014-1394.

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Purpose The aim of this work was to investigate how Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees extract affected the corrosion of low-carbon (C) steel in 0.1M HCl. Design/methodology/approach The Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees was extracted into distilled water at 70°C for 1 h. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract was determined in 0.1M HCl using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of extract concentrations and of temperature were investigated. Findings The Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees extract could inhibit the corrosion process of low-C steel in 0.1M HCl. With the extract concentration of 1 g/l, an inhibition efficiency of 96.3 per cent was obtained. The extract acted as an anodic inhibitor. The adsorption process of the extract was physisorption and it followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Originality/value This paper revealed that Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees cultivated in Thailand, which was extracted using a simple and environmentally friendly method, could act as a very good green corrosion inhibitor for low-C steel in 0.1M HCl solution.

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Singha, Prajjal K., S. Roy, and S. Dey. "Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata." Fitoterapia 74, no. 7-8 (December 2003): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(03)00159-x.

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Puri, Anju, Ragini Saxena, R. P. Saxena, K. C. Saxena, Vandita Srivastava, and J. S. Tandon. "Immunostimulant Agents from Andrographis paniculata." Journal of Natural Products 56, no. 7 (July 1993): 995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50097a002.

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Li, Wenkui, Xudong Xu, Hongjie Zhang, Cuiying Ma, Harry Fong, Richard van Breemen, and John Fitzloff. "Secondary Metabolites from Andrographis paniculata." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 55, no. 3 (2007): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.55.455.

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16

Silalahi, Marina. "Sambiroto (Andrographis paniculata) dan Bioaktivitasnya." BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/best.v3i1.2448.

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Andrographis paniculata (AP) merupakan spesies dalam famili Acanthaceae yang telah lama digunakan sebagai bahan jamu oleh masyarakat lokal Indonesia. Untuk mengetahuai bioaktivitas AP dilakukan studi literatur atau review artikel ilmiah baik yang terbit secara on-line maupun offline, sehingga diperoleh informasi yang konfrehensip untuk mendukung pemanfaatannya sebagai obat. AP mudah ditemukan di pekarangan sebagai tanaman hias maupun sebagai bahan obat. Sebagai obat tradisional AP digunakan sebagai obat demam, influensa, diabetes mellitus, diuretika, analgesik. Andrographolide merupakan senyawa marker yang digunakan sebagai sediaan atau ramuan yang mengandung AP. Hasil bioessay menunjukkan bahwa Ap memiliki aktivitas sebagai anti mikroba, anti plasmodium, anti kanker, anti diabetes mellitus, anti inflamasi dan hepatoprotektor. Pemanfaatan AP sebagai anti mikroba khususnya Plasmodium perlu dikaji lebih lanjut sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif obat malaria.

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Gaur, Priyanka, Supriya Sharma, Sarika Pandey, Sandeep Bhattacharya, and Surya Kant. "Pharmacological and Clinical Effects of Andrographis paniculata." International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research 4, no. 4 (July 2018): 1889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.4.6.

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18

Samuel, Aney Joice, and Nida Mulla. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Topical Gel Containing Leaves Extract of Andrographis paniculata." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1.3837.

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Objective: The present study has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the gel contaning leaf extract of Andrographis Paniculata. Methodology and results: The formulation was designed by using alcoholic extract of leaves of Andrographis paniculata.The gel was prepared by using carbapol 934, triethanolamine, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. The prepared gel was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spread ability, viscosity, extrudability, albumin denaturation assay and stability. Conclusion: Carbopol gels with dried leaves extract of Andrographis paniculata could be prepared successfully. Key words: Topical gel,Kalmegh, Spreadability, Albumin denaturation

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Singh, P. K., Tanveer Hasan, and Neeraj Misra. "Vibrational Dynamics of the Diterpene-Neoandrographolide." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2009): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/369569.

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A complete normal coordinate analysis was performed for neoandrographolide in terms of the calculation by using Wilson’s G-F matrix method and Urey Bradley force field. Andrographis paniculata has been reported for its potent hepatoprotective. Andrographis paniculata has been reported to have antisecretory (antidiarrhoeal), immunostimulant, antimalarial, antifilarial activity. It is also reported to have anticancer, anti HIV, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive action. In addition, it has found to be effective in myocardial infraction.

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Samy, R. Perumal, M. M. Thwin, and P. Gopalakrishnakone. "Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Use of Andrographis paniculata." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 5 (May 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200519.

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Andrographis paniculata (Burma f.) Wall ex Nees (Acanthaceae) is a common weed distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. All parts of A. paniculata are extremely bitter in taste. This plant is well known in Siddha, Ayurvedic and traditional (tribal) systems of medicine in India. A. paniculata is used for the treatment of infectious diseases, which account for the major proportion of health problems, and which are most often used in the traditional system of medicine. The major active components of the plant are andrographiloids, which have been extensively studied in a variety of models including human clinical trials for their therapeutic effects. Moreover, A. paniculata is known to have very low toxicity in animals and humans. The plant also exhibits antifertility effects. Most of the traditional uses of the species have some scientific basis. This review is an attempt to summarize the available information on A. paniculata for further investigation.

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Koteswara Rao, Y., G. Vimalamma, C. Venkata Rao, and Yew-Min Tzeng. "Flavonoids and andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata." Phytochemistry 65, no. 16 (August 2004): 2317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.008.

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Srivastava, Nishi, and Anand Akhila. "Biosynthesis of andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata." Phytochemistry 71, no. 11-12 (August 2010): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.022.

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Andres, Ulrike. "Andrographis paniculata: Kurzzeitige Mehrfachdosierung ist sicher." Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 38, no. 05 (November 2017): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119326.

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Obwohl Kalmegh eine traditionelle Heilpflanze ist, fehlen bisher Untersuchungen über mögliche Veränderungen klinischer Parameter während der Einnahme. Zehn gesunde Probanden lieferten nun entsprechende Daten.

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Uehleke, Bernhard. "Mit Andrographis paniculata gegen Colitis ulcerosa?" Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 35, no. 04 (September 1, 2014): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1349781.

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Burri, Josef, and Bernhard Uehleke. "Andrographis paniculata – Kalmegh, Fah thalai chon." Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 40, no. 03 (July 2019): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0827-8841.

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Andrographis paniculata (Wall), ein Akanthusgewächs, stammt ursprünglich aus Indien und Sri Lanka, ist mittlerweile in ganz Südostasien und etlichen anderen Ländern verbreitet. Als sehr bittere Medizin ist die Pflanze bei Kindern verhasst. Dennoch wird sie in den traditionellen Medizinsystemen Indiens, Chinas, Tibets, Thailands und Malaysias recht häufig verwendet. Sie wird auch als „indische Echinacea“ bezeichnet. In Thailand trägt sie den Namen „Fah thalai chon“, was ungefähr so viel bedeutet wie „Der Himmel vertreibt den Eindringling“ oder „Der Himmel schlägt den Räuber“, was durchaus der erwünschten medizinischen Wirkung entspricht. Sogar ein thailändischer Spielfilm trägt diesen Originaltitel, wohl weil Pflanze und Titel den Seelenzustand des Protagonisten treffend beschreiben („Tears of the Black Tiger“ von Wisit Sasanatieng, 2000). Warum Großmütter sehr viel Überzeugungsarbeit leisten müssen, um ihren kranken Enkelkindern den Kalmegh-Tee aufzuschwatzen, liegt in dessen Bitterkeit. Der Kalmegh hat also durchaus dramaturgische Qualitäten. Er ist die Bitterpflanze par excellence und darf in keinem häuslichen Kräutergarten Thailands fehlen.

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You, Ji-young, Kyung-Baeg Roh, Deokhoon Park, and Eunsun Jung. "Antiaging property of Andrographis paniculata extract." Journal of Dermatological Science 84, no. 1 (October 2016): e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.448.

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Puri, Smita K., Prasanna V. Habbu, Preeti V. Kulkarni, and Venkatrao H. Kulkarni. "CHARACTERIZATION, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTIC EXTRACTS OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA LEAVES IN CCL4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i1.26832.

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Objective: To isolate and characterize the endophytic fungi from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata for free radical scavenging antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicityMethods: Two fungal endophytes, APLF-3 (Andrographis paniculata leaf fungi-3) and APLF-4 (Andrographis paniculata leaf fungi-4) were isolated from leaves of Andrographis paniculata to get chloroform (A3C, A4C), ethyl acetate (A3EA, A4EA) and n butanol (A3nB, A4nB) extracts. rDNA sequencing by PCR technique was carried out for identification of APLF-3 and APLF-4. All the APLF-3 and APLF-4 extracts were assayed for in vitro free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and reducing power. Then, A4EA and A4nB were screened for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity at 50 mg/kg and100 mg/kg doses.Results: The endophytic fungi, APLF-3 and APLF-4, were identified as Phyllosticta sp. ZLY-2010 isolate M13 and Aspergillus tubingensis strain Cs/7/2 respectively based on their morphological and molecular characterization. A4EA and A4nB showed significant in vitro free radical scavenging activity as compared to other extracts. A4EA and A4nB (50 mg/kg and100 mg/kg) reversed the increased serum biochemical parameters as compared to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). A4EA and A4nB (100 mg/kg p. o) also restored the LPO, SOD and CAT levels.Conclusion: These findings suggested that the extracts (A4EA and A4nB) obtained from endophytic fungi APLF-4 contributed towards hepatoprotective activity.

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Komalasari, Titi, and Sabtanti Harimurti. "A Review of The Anti-diabetic Activity of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees based in-vivo Study." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i4.4743.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is ricing nowadays. DM is a metabolic deasease characterized by increasing of glucose blood level for prolonged time. Patient with DM must take medicine for lowering glucose levels in whole life. Synthetic anti-diabetic agent is commonly used and significantly able to maintain the glucose blood levels. However, many side effects will occur during the treatment. Further, people is trying to find an alternative medicine for DM treatment. This paper will discuss about an alternative medicine for anti-diabetic agent that is called <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> (Burm. f.) Nees based <em>in-vivo</em> study. Search data obtained from PubMed, PMC (PubMed Central), International Food and Research Journal, and Google search engine. Inclution and exclution criteria were used for selection of journals. Inclution criteria were taken is i<em>n-vivo </em>study of <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> as anti-diabetic, published in 2000-2014, and free full text journal or PubReader (full text journal in PubMed Central) in English or Indonesian language. Base on reviewed journals that was conducted, anti-diabetic agent of <em>Andrographis paniculata </em>was found in extract, in fractional coumpund (i.e. andrographolide or its analogue AL-1: andrographolide-lipoic acid), and in combination with synthetic drug or other herbal. Therefore, <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> is potentially developed as an alternative anti-diabetic agent.

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Komalasari, Titi, and Sabtanti Harimurti. "A Review of The Anti-diabetic Activity of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees based in-vivo Study." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i4.4743.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is ricing nowadays. DM is a metabolic deasease characterized by increasing of glucose blood level for prolonged time. Patient with DM must take medicine for lowering glucose levels in whole life. Synthetic anti-diabetic agent is commonly used and significantly able to maintain the glucose blood levels. However, many side effects will occur during the treatment. Further, people is trying to find an alternative medicine for DM treatment. This paper will discuss about an alternative medicine for anti-diabetic agent that is called <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> (Burm. f.) Nees based <em>in-vivo</em> study. Search data obtained from PubMed, PMC (PubMed Central), International Food and Research Journal, and Google search engine. Inclution and exclution criteria were used for selection of journals. Inclution criteria were taken is i<em>n-vivo </em>study of <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> as anti-diabetic, published in 2000-2014, and free full text journal or PubReader (full text journal in PubMed Central) in English or Indonesian language. Base on reviewed journals that was conducted, anti-diabetic agent of <em>Andrographis paniculata </em>was found in extract, in fractional coumpund (i.e. andrographolide or its analogue AL-1: andrographolide-lipoic acid), and in combination with synthetic drug or other herbal. Therefore, <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> is potentially developed as an alternative anti-diabetic agent.

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Jindal, Shammy, Rajendra Awasthi, Dhananjay Singare, and Giriraj T. Kulkarni. "Isolation, characterization and evaluation of anti-proliferative properties of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata on cultured HaCaT cells." Herba Polonica 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2021-0002.

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Summary Introduction: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyper-proliferation, abnormal epidermal keratinocytes and inflammatory infiltration. It affects approximately 4% of the population globally. Herbal extracts have better results with less toxic effects than the synthetic drugs in the treatment of psoriasis. Objective: Present study was aimed to access the anti-psoriatic effect of andrographolide extracted from Andrographis paniculate (A. paniculata). Method: We extracted, characterized, and screened the extracted andrographolide for anti-proliferative characteristics using cultured cell model of human HaCaT keratinocyte. Results: Andrographolide at 31.25 µg/mL (90 µM) demonstrated significant inhibitory effect on human HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation in cell culture. To our best knowledge, we reported the anti-proliferative potency of andrographolide extracted from A. paniculata for the first time. Conclusion: The results suggest that the andrographolide extracted from A. paniculata plant may have potential to be used in the management of psoriasis.

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Divisha, R., V. Ranganathan, K. Vijayakaran, A. Elamaran, and Senthil Kumar P. "Quantifying phytophenols in Andrographis paniculata and Withania somnifera leaf extracts." Journal of Phytopharmacology 7, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7604.

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Andrographis paniculata (Nilavembu) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) are some of the commonly available herbs, used for treating a wide range of ailments in man and animals. Both the plants possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects attributed to their various active phytochemical constituents. The present study was undertaken to assess the qualitative phytochemistry and to estimate the total phenolic content of leaf extracts of the two plants by Spectrophotometry and Thin Layer Chromatography. The results thus obtained suggest that the leaves of Andrographis paniculata and Withania somnifera are potential sources of healthy phytochemicals especially phenols

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Prihatini, Retno, Auzar Syarif, and Amri Bakhtiar. "Morphology Character and Andrographolide Quantifications on Sambiloto ( Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees) Karakter Morfologi dan Kuantifikasi Andrografolid Pada Sambiloto ( Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees )." Bioscience 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/0202041107669-0-00.

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ABSTRACTThe Morphology character and andrographolide quantification on Sambiloto (A. Paniculata) that growth in Sawah Dangka Jorong Gaduik, Tilatang Kamang, Agam (S 00o16159.311 E100o23110.311) have been studied. The Morphology character of A. Paniculata on generative fase have been done in the field and Laboratorium of Biology Department, Andalas University. Quantification of andrographolide constituen were analysed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Chemical of Nature Resources Laboratorium, Pharmacy Faculty, Andalas University. The result showed that Morphology character of Sambiloto ( A. Paniculata ) include parameters ie. range of height plant ( 27-45 cm) ; range of nodus numerous ( 10-14 ); range of leaf-7 size (length; width) ( 3.8-4.1 ; 0.8-1.1) cm; range of branch numerous ( 8-10), leaf dry weight rate (2.482 g ), stem dry weight rate ( 5.882 g ), and day old flowering rate ( 110 day ). The Result of quantification secondary metabolite with high economic value, namely andrographolide showed respectively with level 2.208% (vegetative) and 2.780 % (generative). Key Words : Andrographis paniculata, morpology chracter, andrographolide quantification ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan studi tentang Karakter morfologi dan kuantifikasi senyawa andrografolide pada tanaman Sambiloto (A. Paniculata) yang hidup di Sawah Dangka Jorong Gaduik, Tilatang Kamang, Agam (S 00o16159.311 E100o23110.311). Karakter morfologi A. Paniculata pada fase generative telah dilakukan di lapangan dan di Laboratorium di Jurusan Biologi Universitas Andalas. Kuantifikasi senyawa andrografolid dianalisa dengan menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) di Laboratorium Kimia Bahan Alam, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa karakter morfologi Sambiloto ( A. Paniculata ) meliputi parameter yaitu kisaran tinggi tanaman ( 27-45 cm) ; kisaran jumlah nodus ( 10-14 ); kisaran ukuran daunke-7 (panjang; lebar) ( 3,8-4,1 ; 0,8-1,1) cm; kisaran jumlah cabang ( 8-10), rata-rata berat kering daun (2,482 g ), rata-rata berat kering batang ( 5,882 g ), and rata-rata umur berbunga ( 110 day ). Hasil kuantifikasi metabolit sekunder dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi, yang dikenal sebagai senyawa andrografolid menunjukkan level 2,208% (vegetatif) dan 2,780 % (generatif). Kata kunci: Andrographis paniculata, karakter morfologi, kuantifikasi andrografolid.

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Prakoso, Nurcahyo Iman, Zahrah Nur Zakiyah, Arida Liyanita, Dwiarso Rubiyanto, Dhina Fitriastuti, Arba Pramundita Ramadani, Azlan Kamari, and Sim Kooi Mow. "Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0086.

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AbstractAndrographis paniculata Ness is one of the plants that is under explored and could contain potentially active substances to serve as an antimalarial. Structure investigation of major compounds that have responsibility for the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness’s n-hexane extract is very important so that it is known whether the antimalarial activity is synergistic or from the major compounds. Menthol and dioctyladipate as major component from n-hexane extract of Andrographis paniculata Ness have been succesfully isolated using simple and inexpensive methods. The solvent system used are n-hexane : ethyl acetate (10:1) and n-hexane: chloroform (10:3) consecutively either for column or preparative thin layer chromatography. FT-IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS were used to determine the structure of compounds. The activity of n-hexane extract, menthol and dioctyladipate related to the inhibition of heme polymerization have been done comprehensively. The inhibition of heme polymerization activity of isolate compounds and n-hexane extract are classified to a good level (dioctyl adipate IC50 = 1.15 ± 0.41 mg/mL, menthol IC50 = 0.31 ± 0,01 mg/mL, and n-hexane extract IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and potentially as antimalarial. From the IC50, the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness’s n-hexane extract is working synergistically, not by the major compounds.

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Bhargavi, Bhattu, Kaloori Kalpana, and S. Kistamma. "Analysis of minerals under different water stress levels in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2757.

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Medicinal plants have diverse use in the society from medicine to cosmetics to herbal foods with vast potential for their curative medicinal properties. Minerals are essential nutrient for plant metabolism and over all growth of the plants. The overall growth of the plant depends upon the availability of the water. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral content under different water stress levels in Andrographis paniculata. The homogenized leaf samples of controlled plants(Daily watered), treated T2 plants(watering 2nd day), T4 plants(watering on every 4th day), T7 plants(watering on every 7th day) were subjected to overnight HN03 digestion and analyzed for the presence of Copper, Chromium, Iron, Aluminum, Zinc, Manganese and Phosphorous. With increase in water stress, element content deceased with varied fractions. The T2 treated plants, irrigated every second day, could withstand the water stress conditions without affecting minimum mineral content in Andrographis paniculata plants and T2 treatment has been chosen the best option to withstand water stress conditions. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, water stress, minerals.

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ANDRIANI, ANDRIANI, VIRHAN NOVRIANY, GUNTUR SUSENO, EFFIANA EFFIANA, and IIT FITRIANINGRUM. "Short Communication: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata) against malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues of paracetamol-induced Wistar rat." Nusantara Bioscience 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n100204.

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Andriani, Suseno G, Effiana, Novriany V, Fitrianingrum I. 2018. Short Communication: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata) against malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues of paracetamol-induced Wistar rat. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 87-90. Andrographis paniculata contains andrographolide and flavonoids, which have a hepatoprotective effect. This study was aimed to examine hepatoprotective effect of Andrographis paniculata extract against liver tissues malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of paracetamol induced Wistar rat (Rattus novegicus). The study was designed with posttest-only control group conducted at Tanjungpura University, Indonesia in June 2015. A total of 30 rats at age of three weeks were divided into 6 groups. They were given toxic dose paracetamol, curcumin and A. paniculata extract in different dose. Liver tissues were tested by Wills’s method. The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD Post-hoc test. MDA levels of liver tissues were i.e, normal control (0.34 nmol mL-1), positive control (0.34 nmol mL-1), dose 1 (0.45 nmol mL-1), dose 2 (0.55 nmol mL-1), dose 3 (0.63 nmol mL- 1 ), negative control (1.32 nmol mL-1). Result showed that MDA levels of liver tissues of negative control group were significantly different with other groups (ANOVA, p≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences between MDA levels of liver tissues of Dose 1 with normal control and positive control (ANOVA, p>0.05). The methanol extract of A. paniculata has a hepatoprotective effect in (MDA) levels of paracetamol-induced Rattus novegicus with an effective dose of 500 mg kg-1.

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Chowdhury, Anusua, Subrata Kumar Biswas, Sheikh Zahir Raihan, Joysree Das, and Swati Paul. "Pharmacological Potentials of Andrographis paniculata: An Overview." International Journal of Pharmacology 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2012.6.9.

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Richard, Edwin Jothie, Sasikumar Murugan, Bharathi Bethapudi, Ramanaiah Illuri, Deepak Mundkinajeddu, and Chandrasekaran Chinampudur Velusami. "Is Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide anaphylactic?" Toxicology Reports 4 (2017): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.07.004.

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Wang, Guo-Cai, Ying Wang, Ian D. Williams, Herman Ho-Yung Sung, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Dong-Mei Zhang, Ren-Wang Jiang, Xin-Sheng Yao, and Wen-Cai Ye. "Andrographolactone, a unique diterpene from Andrographis paniculata." Tetrahedron Letters 50, no. 34 (August 2009): 4824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.097.

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Raina, A. P., A. Kumar, S. K. Pareek, and S. K. Sharma. "EVALUATION STUDIES ON KALMEGH (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 972 (January 2013): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.972.15.

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Hu, Yong-Mei, Guo-Cai Wang, Ying Wang, Herman H. Y. Sung, Ian D. Williams, and Wen-Cai Ye. "Diastereoisomeric ent-Labdane Diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata." Helvetica Chimica Acta 95, no. 1 (January 2012): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201100236.

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CHURIYAH, OLIVIA BUNGA PONGTULURAN, ELRADE ROFAANI, and TARWADI. "Antiviral and Immunostimulant Activities of Andrographis paniculata." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 22, no. 2 (April 2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.22.2.67.

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Verma, Nibha, and Manjula Vinayak. "Antioxidant action of Andrographis paniculata on lymphoma." Molecular Biology Reports 35, no. 4 (September 5, 2007): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-007-9119-x.

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Pandey, Prachi, and R. C. Agrawal. "Modulation of carcinogenicity by Andrographis paniculata extract." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2019): p9075. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.06.2019.p9075.

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Kotakadi, Venkata S., Susmila Aparna Gaddam, Y. Subba Rao, T. N. V. K. V. Prasad, A. Varada Reddy, and D. V. R. Sai Gopal. "Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using Andrographis paniculata." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 73 (February 2014): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.004.

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Ajaya Kumar, R., K. Sridevi, N. Vijaya Kumar, S. Nanduri, and S. Rajagopal. "Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis paniculata." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92, no. 2-3 (June 2004): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.004.

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Aryani, Toetik. "PENGUJIAN VALIDASI ANALISIS KADAR ANDROGRAFOLID SECARA KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI (KCKT) DENGAN ELUASI GRADIEN TERHADAP EKSTRAK HERBA SAMBILOTO (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NESS)." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2005): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.11.1.200512.

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Andrographolide of Andrographis paniculata Nees have been isolated and determined Extraction was carried out by maceration with ethanol as solvent. The concentration of Andrographolide was determined by HPLC method. The eluation was carried by out gradiently using methanol: water as an eluent and UV spectrophotometer at maks 228 as detector. The result of HPLC analysis are selectivity more than 1.2–1.5, r was 0.9937, precision was KV less than 10 percent; accuracy more than 90 percent, DL was 0.075, QL was 0.50 and PW less than F table. Andrographolide content of Andrographis paniculata Nees from Banyuwangi was 6.25 percent, Kediri was 14.69 percent and Surabaya was 6.83 percent.

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Zhongyu, Xu, Ren Jiangmeng, Jing Qiufang, Ren Fuzheng, Huang Mengting, Ding Wenrui, and Zeng Bubing. "Andrographolide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles." RSC Advances 8, no. 60 (2018): 34726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra04156c.

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Andrographolide (AP) is a diterpenoid separated from Andrographis paniculata with a wide spectrum of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antihyperlipidemic.

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Owoade, Abiodun O. "Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Bioactivity of Andrographis paniculata (Nees)." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0220.

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Background: Medicinal plants are natural sources of antioxidants effective in the treatment of radical mediated diseases. This study evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant and phytochemical constituents of the methanolic leaves extract of Andrographis paniculata . Methods: Fresh A. paniculata leaves were harvested from a local far m, air -dried and extracted with methanol. Chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory potentials of the extract were determined Results: The extract of A. paniculata concentration-dependently scavenges 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acids) (ABTS) radicals. It scavenges nitric oxide radicals with IC50 of 145.99 μg/ml compared to 167.17 μg/ml of standard ascorbic acid and has 41% activity of standard ascorbic acid ferric reducing power. The extract also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-Amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The phytochemical assays employed revealed the presence of various phytochemicals in the extract. Further analysis with gas-chromatography revealed the possible presence of Andrographolide, Deoxyandrographolide, Apigenin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Methyl vanillate, Methyl Caffeate, Beta-sitosterol, Vanillic acid in the extract. The total phenolics content was found to be 29.11mg GAE/g, and proximate analysis revealed the moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, and Nitrogen free extract to be 21.89%, 5.66%, 8.74%, 0.95%, 6.87%, and 55.89% respectively. Conclusion: The plant A. paniculata demonstrated good antioxidant potentials and contain various phytochemicals. Therefore, it could be inferred that the effectiveness of A. paniculata as a medicinal plant could be due to the presence of various phenolics and antioxidant compounds in the plant.

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Riga, Riga, Rani Aulia Suhanah, Suryelita Suryelita, Sri Benti Etika, and Mariam Ulfah. "JAMUR ENDOFITIK YANG DIISOLASI DARI BUNGA ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (SAMBILOTO) SEBAGAI SUMBER SENYAWA ANTIBAKTERI." Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v4i1.664.

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Tumbuhan Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) memproduksi beragam metabolit sekunder dengan berbagai aktivitas biologi, termasuk antibakteri. Selain dari tumbuhan alami, potensi senyawa antibakteri dari tumbuhan A. paniculata dapat dieksplorasi dari jamur endofitiknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian terkait potensi jamur endofitik yang berkolonisasi dalam jaringan bunga tumbuhan A. paniculata. Secara garis besar penelitian ini terdiri dari isolasi, kultivasi, ekstraksi, uji antibakteri dan uji kandungan metabolit sekunder dari jamur endofitik pada bunga tumbuhan A. paniculata. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstrak EtOAc jamur BS-1 yang diisolasi dari bunga tumbuhan A. paniculata menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam menginhibisi pertumbuhan semua bakteri uji pada konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5%. Studi terkait senyawa yang berkontribusi dalam sifat antibakteri ini perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut. Untuk infomasi bagi kita semua bahwa penelitian terkait kajian sifat antibakteri dari jamur yang hidup pada bunga A. paniculata baru pertama kali dilakukan pada kesempatan ini.

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Nnamso Effiong Essien, Nkereuwem Udo Nyah, Promise-Godfavour Mfon, and Ekaertte Joseph Tom. "Determination of the effect of co-administration of Andrographis paniculata leaves and Zingiber officinale rhizoids on serum liver enzymes in normal Albino wistar rats." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0075.

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The effect of administration of ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves and Zingiber officinale rhizoids on serum liver enzymes (ASP, ALP and ALT) in normal male albino wistar rats, weighing 113-233g was evaluated. Twenty-five (25) animals were randomly assigned five groups of five rats each. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively of Andrographis paniculata leaves and Zingiber officinale rhizoids extracts. Group 5 (control) was not treated. Both treated and control animals were fed with commercial rat mash and water throughout three (3) weeks of experiments. At the end of the 21 days, significant decrease (P> 0.05) in serum AST level was recorded in treated groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 compared with the control. Significant decrease (P> 0.05) in serum ALP level was recorded in group 4 when compared with control. However, serum ALP level recorded significant increase in group 4 compared with group 3 (P>0.05). The results of this research work signified that administration of ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves and Zingiber officinale rhizoids possessed no marked effects on the liver enzymes since variations in the levels of the enzymes were within their normal serum ranges.

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