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Xu, Youhong. "Adaptive immune response-modifying and antimicrobial properties of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00005134/.
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Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a traditional herbal medicine which is widely used for the treatment of many diseases in Asia. Recently, various biological activities of AP extract or andrographolide (AND), such as immunostimulatory activity, anti-inflammatoryeffect, cytokine induction or deduction, a potential cancer therapeutic agent and T cell activation suppression, have been reported. However the potential ofAP extract or AND to stimulate the specific or adaptive immune response using microbial vaccines has not been determined. In this project, AND has been purifiedfrom AP and its identity confirmed by the melting point, colour test, TLC, UV absorption spectrum, ESI-MS and H-NMR. An aqueous and two ethanolic extracts ofAndrographis paniculata and AND, an active principle of Andrographis paniculata, were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against nine bacterial species in vitro using the disc diffusion method. It was discovered that neither the aqueous extract nor AND were bacteriostatic or bactericidal against S. typhimurium, E. coli, S. sonnei, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, L. pneumophila or B. pertussisbut the two ethanolic extracts of AP were bacteriostatic against L. pneumophila and B. pertussis. It was also observed that the ethanol extract of AP and AND stimulatedboth antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses to a killed S. typhimurium vaccine. Mice were vaccinated with either one dose or two doses of killed S. typhimurium vaccine. They were fed two different quantities of an ethanol extract of AP or AND for 14 days in mice immunised with one dose of the vaccine, and for 28 days in mice immunised with two doses of vaccine, respectively. Both the extract and AND significantly increased the IgG antibody titres against S. typhimurium, with theincrease in antibody titres being statistically significant in the two dose vaccine group. Although not statistically significant, there was also a substantial increase in the IgG antibody titres in the one dose vaccine group. Splenocyte cultures from mice fromboth the immunisation groups treated with the extract or AND stimulated with the S. typhimurium lysate showed a significant increase in the production of IFN-γ in both14 and 28 day AP extract or AND treatment groups. The increase indicates the induction of a cell-mediated immune response. To confirm the immunomodulatory potential of AP extract and determine the immunomodulatory potential of AND, experiments were conducted using mouse salmonellosis as a model system. Mice were vaccinated with two doses of killed S. typhimurium vaccine by intraperitoneal(i/p) route and orally dosed with AP extract at 25 mg/kg bodyweight or AND at 4 mg/kg bodyweight for total 28 days, followed by oral challenge with virulent S. typhimurium. Both AP extract and AND substantially increased the survival rate by 50% after mice were challenged with 10 fold of a sublethal dose (1.5x10 6 cfu) of virulent S. typhimurium. They also promoted clearance of S. typhimurium from challenged mice by days 8 or 12 post-challenge with 1.5x10 cfu virulent S. typhimurium respectively. Sera IgG, IgA antibody titres against S. typhimurium and IFN-γ or IL-2 were detected after the mice were challenged by the oral route with a sublethal dose (1.5x10 cfu) of virulent S. typhimurium for 12 days. It was thus concluded that both Andrographis paniculata and AND not only elicited both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the mouse model, but also increasedthe protective efficacy against salmonellosis on mice vaccinated with inactivated S. typhimurium. Therefore the ability of Andrographis paniculata and AND to promoteacquired immunity, particularly in inducing CMI may be important in protection against intracellular pathogen infection.
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Wongkittipong, Rutchadaporn. "Development of andrographolide extraction process from andrographis paniculata nees in a pulsed column." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT002G.
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Ce travail traite d'extraction solide-liquide à partir de matière végétale. Les caractéristiques (densité, taille des particules, porosité et forme) de l'andrographis paniculata nees, plante traditionnelle de Thai͏̈lande, ont été obtenues. L'extraction de l'andrographolide est étudiée en premier lieu en réacteur Batch. L'influence des conditions de fonctionnement sur la cinétique d'extraction a été étudiée. Des rendements de 70% et 90% ont été atteints pour des temps de 20 et 60 mn respectivement. Un modèle de ransfert de matière basé sur le modèle dit à deux formes est proposé. Un premier essai d'extraction solide-liquide utilisant un système de pulsation pneumatique a été réalisé dans un processus continu afin d'éviter l'engorgement de la colonne. La combinaison du modèle de diffusion avec le temps de séjour moyen permet de concevoir le processus continu. Finalement, un extudeur bi-vis a été utilisé pour comparer le rendement d'extraction avec celui de l'expérience réalisée en mode batch.
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Tipakorn, Naiyana. "Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees on performance, mortality and coccidiosis in broiler chickens." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964912708.
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Mussard, Eugénie. "Andrographis paniculata et ses diterpènes labdanes contre le stress oxydant et l'inflammation dans le vieillissement cutané." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3040.
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Avec l'âge et l'exposition à des facteurs environnementaux tels que les rayons solaires, la peau subit une usure naturelle. Elle se caractérise par l’apparition de rides, d’une perte d'élasticité, d’un relâchement et d’un aspect rugueux. Ce projet vise à explorer de nouveaux agents actifs anti-âges issus de la plante Andrographis paniculata (AP). AP est une plante médicinale utilisée en Asie pour traiter les infections respiratoires et diverses maladies inflammatoires. Cette plante est riche en diterpènes labdanes, dont son principal agent bioactif est l’andrographolide. Un extrait méthanolique des feuilles d’AP, l'andrographolide, la neoandrographolide, la 14-deoxyandrographolide et la 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide ont été utilisés dans une culture primaire de fibroblastes dermiques (HDFa) et une lignée cellulaire de kératinocytes (HaCaT). Pour l'étude du stress oxydant, ces cellules traitées dans des conditions pro-oxydantes ont révélé l'activité antioxydante de l'extrait méthanolique et de la 14-deoxyandrographolide. Dans des conditions pro-inflammatoires, l'expression du TNF-α a été diminuée par l'andrographolide et par l'extrait méthanolique dans les HDFa et par l’extrait méthanolique dans les HaCaT. L'andrographolide et l'extrait méthanolique ont également diminué la sécrétion d'IL-6 dans la HDFa dans des conditions inflammatoires. Enfin, la 14-désoxyandrographolide a réduit la production de procollagène de type I dans les HDFa. Nos données confirment leur potentiel régénérateur contre les dommages cutanés causés par le stress oxydant et l'inflammation. D'autres recherches sont nécessaires afin d’explorer ses voiesWith age and exposure to environmental factors such as sunlight, the skin suffers natural wear and tear. It is characterized by development of wrinkles, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. The present project aims to explore new anti-aging active agents from Andrographis paniculata (AP) plant. AP is a medicinal plant used in Asia to treat respiratory infections and various inflammatory diseases. It is enriched in labdane diterpenes, including andrographolide, as its main bioactive agent. A methanolic extract from AP leaves, andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide were used in a primary culture of dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). For the oxidative stress study, HDFa and HaCaT treated under pro-oxidant conditions revealed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract and 14-deoxyandrographolide. Under pro-inflammatory conditions, TNF-α expression was decreased in HDFa with andrographolide and methanolic extract, and in HaCaT with methanolic extract only. Andrographolide and methanolic extract also decreased IL-6 secretion in HDFa under inflammatory conditions. Finally, 14-deoxyandrographolide reduced the production of type I procollagen in HDFa. Our data confirm the AP potential skin damage regeneration induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Further research is required to explore its pathways
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Pekthong, Dumrongsak. "Evaluation de possibles Interactions Médicamenteuses : Effets d’extraits de Andrographis paniculata sur les enzymes du métabolisme hépatique chez le rat et chez l’Homme." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA0006.
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Chua, Kui Hong, and kuihongchua@hotmail com. "Studies on Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (HDM 15) A Medicinal Native Plant of Brunei Darussalam." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080703.112512.
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Ethno botanical surveys have revealed that Brunei Darussalam has a rich source of tropical medicinal plants. As 80% of the country's land is covered by tropical rainforest, Brunei Darussalam may have some medicinal plants with unique characteristics of secondary metabolites. Some plants such as Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don and Eurycoma longifolia Jack have long been used by the local communities to treat various disease conditions. However, no research has been done in terms of the constituents or biological activities of the Brunei Darussalam medicinal plants. We have investigated the genetic variability diversity and pharmacological actions of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees [1] also known as Daun Pahit or Chuan Xin Lian or King of Bitters by an interdisciplinary approach, involving DNA-based RAPD and RFLP analyses, HPLC-based chemical analysis as well as cell culture and tissue-based bioassays. We have demonstrated that Andrographis paniculata extr acts exhibited a range of actions including antioxidant, anti-allergies, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Some of the pharmacological actions of Andrographis paniculata are co-related with their active constituents Andrographolide (A) and Dehydroandrographolide (D). The study is valued not only in obtaining experimental evidence for supporting traditional use of native medicinal plants but also in establishing a platform for studying other medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam.
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Badhe, Pravin. "Characterisation of fractions from Andrographis paniculata and Silybum marianum plant extracts that protect human cells against DNA damage." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14796.
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Plants have been utilized as a source of medicines since ancient times. They contain a vast range of secondary metabolites which play important roles in different diseases. The Scope of this study is to define the function of secondary metabolites from Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) and Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) against DNA damage, which initiates many diseases. Sequential extraction of both plant materials was performed with different polarity solvents. Qualitative analysis was performed with Gas (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Primary extracts screening studies were performed against cytotoxicity, antioxidant and soluble collagen assays (Sircol dye). Further bioactivity was confirmed using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) to estimate levels of DNA damage. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis of bioactive extracts was performed to identify the functional groups present in them . Subsequently, bioactive extracts were further separated into acid, base, phenol and neutral fractions. These fractions and bioactive extracts were screened with the free radical assays to identify the scavenging activity. Chemical mapping of the bioactive fraction was performed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Preparative-HPLC was performed to separate the compounds which were present in the bioactive fractions. MTT assay, Hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity assays were performed to screen the fractions and DNA protective activity of the bioactive fractions was confirmed with single-cell gel electrophoresis. These bioactive fractions were de-replicated with hyphenated techniques like LCMS and LCMS/MS to identify the molecular weight of the compounds and Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed to identify the accurate mass of the compounds. Sequential extraction separates the non-polar and polar compounds present in the plant material. Qualitative analysis confirmed the presence of fatty acids in the non-polar extracts of both plants using GC and the presence of standard constituents in the polar extracts of both plants using HPLC. It also helps in chemical mapping of the extracts. Acetone, Methanol1 and Methanol2 extracts from either plant are non-cytotoxic. The high antioxidant activity is observed in methanol extracts from Andrographis paniculata and in acetone/methanol2 extracts from Silybum marianum. Extracts that protect against UVA and UVB damage also increased soluble collagen production in Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) in culture. Primary Screening helped to select six extracts out of twelve extracts for further analysis. Comet assay confirmed DNA protective activity in Methanol1 extract of Milk thistle and Acetone, Methanol2 extracts from Kalmegh. These three extracts were further fractionated into 38 fractions out of which three fractions that are F1, F13 and F31 fractions confirm the DNA protection activity. De-replication of the bioactive fractions was performed with LC-ESI-MS/MS which confirm twenty one compounds and accurate mass of fifteen compounds was determined using Q-tof mass spectrometry.
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Tonarová, Marta. "Analýza extraktu z listů Andrographis paniculata." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-379562.
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1 CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND ECOLOGY Analysis of Andrographis leaves extract. Marta Tonarová, 2010 Abstract: The analysis of the extract of leaves Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) was accomplished. The commercial ethanol extract with the contents of andrographolides not higher than 10 % represented the tested material. In case of using the standard andrographolide, the thin layer chromatography has proved its very low amount in the extract only, in spite of the fact that studying literature consideres its contents as majority. The identity of the standard was verified by mesuring its NMR spectrums, which refers to the informations in the studying literature. Contents of andrographolides was fixed by the high performance liquid chromatography extanded to the standard, with using of isocratic elution and spectrophotometric detection by the wave lenght 223 nm. Total contents of the andrographolides in the extract was 12,23 % and consequently it refers to the production protocol. The main component in the contents of the extract was isolated by using preparative TLC. On the basis of fixing the NMR spectrums and their confrontation with the studying literature it was determined as 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide.
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Chuang, Yalu, and 莊雅如. "Investigation of Effects of Andrographis paniculata." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80377516070003898914.
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Yang, Shu-Fang, and 楊淑雱. "Role of Andrographis paniculata Extract in Neuroprotection." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30755644843011053902.
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碩士中華醫事科技大學
生物醫學研究所
100
Andrographis paniculata Nees., Family Acanthaceae, is a traditional folk medicinal plants, widely used in various applications, and has been used as antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antipyretic and immune promoting traditional therapeutic drugs. Excessive reactive oxygen radicals produced by oxidative stress make the brain hurt easily. It has been known that oxidative stress could easily lead to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases and the extract of Andrographis paniculata is a good antioxidant. Therefore, we used the human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and ethanol oxidation to investigate whether Andrographis paniculata extract has antioxidant neuroprotective effects. Under the cellular experimental conditions, the use of hydrogen peroxide and ethanol can induce cell death. To study the protective effects of Andrographis paniculata extract, we treated cells with hydrogen peroxide/ethanol and various concentrations of Andrographis paniculata extract (25, 50, 100, 200 μg/ml) for 24 hours and found the extract can protect cells from death. We studied whether the cell death via apoptosis using ApoGlowTM assay kit and found that hydrogen peroxide/ethanol induces apoptosis and Andrographis paniculata extract decreases the adverse effects. Integrated our experimental results, Chinese herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata extract protects nerve cells against oxidative stress injury. Maybe it can be used for prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Lin, Yi-Hsueh, and 林怡紊. "Andrographis paniculata attenuates insulin resistance in HFD-induced skeletal muscle." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4p7xhe.
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Tseng, Hsiu-Ying, and 曾琇盈. "Antifibrogenic Effects of Andrographis Paniculata in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65fbqv.
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碩士中華醫事科技大學
生物醫學研究所
100
The hepatic fibrosis is a chronic disease caused by a variety of factors including alcohol abuse, oxidative stress, viral infection, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. The development of hepatic fibrosis is caused by liver injury, which leads to accumulation of the extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) including type I collagen and fibronectin as well as a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) synthesis and deposition, thus forming the fibrous scar. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The activation of HSC leads to proliferation, expression ofa-SMA, and production of large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. The previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor (TGF)-b is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a pro-fibrogenic role in liver fibrosis by regulating proliferation and differentiation of fibrogenic cells as well as stimulating extracellular matrix proteins. It has been known that natural products exert anti-hepatic fibrogenic activity. The traditional Chinese herb Andrographispaniculata (A.P.), a plant of Family Acanthaceae and also denoted as “Chuan-Chin-Lian”, is used to treat cold, diarrhea, fever and, especially, for liver protection. It has been known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a factor involved in fibrogenesis and the extract of A.P. can also prevent the liver damage from ROS. However, the functions of A.P. in liver protection are still unclear. Therefore, we proposed that it could be a candidate for anti-fibrogenesis from liver damage via decreasing ROS. To address this issue, we used a cell model for liver fibrosis, treating with TGF-bto activate hepatic stellate cells, HSC-T6 cells. We also used Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining and trichrome staining to access the protein levels of collagen, fibronectin and a-SMA and found that these proteins were induced by TGF-b. However, the expression of these proteins was decreased while co-treating with various concentrations of A.P. extract. According to these results, A.P. extract exerts ability for inhibiting HSC activation and it may be used as a drug for preventing liver fibrosis.
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SHI, CHUN-ZHAO, and 施春兆. "Studies on the hypotensive and anti-inflammatory effects of andrographis paniculata." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53365114451016327116.
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Tseng, Chih-Chien, and 曾至堅. "Effect of Andrographis paniculata and Lonicera japonica on the remedy of wound." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45765968505919786813.
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碩士國立東華大學
生命科學系
100
In previous reports indicate that some herbs can be used as wound healing drug. Astragali Radix and Rehmanniae Radix can treat diabetic foot ulcer and promote the wound healing, SBD.4 of Angelica sinensis and madecassoside of Centella asiatica can repair wound. Recently, Andrographis paniculata is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory disease, inflammation, hypertension, infectious injury, and snake bites. Some efficacy has been reported including reduced influenza attack rate, promoted vasodilation of lowering blood pressure, anti-clotting, inhibited cancer cell growth and treated thrombosis. And Lonicera japonica has anti-inflammatory effect, anti-bacteria, and anti-virus. L. japonica also can inhibit tumor proliferation. The aim of this study was for investigating the benefit of A. paniculata and Lonicera japonica flower, leaf and stem crude extract in the treatment of wound. After HaCa T or CCD-966SK cells treated with crude extract of A. paniculata had higher proliferation than those of control and other treated groups (L. japonica flower, leaf and stem crude extract) at 24 hr. After 48 hr treatment, crude extract of Lonicera japonica stem was higher proliferation than those of A. paniculata. In addition Andrographolide also can promote HaCa T cell proliferation, whereas Andrographolide could inhibit cell proliferation of A375 (Human melanoma cell) in high concentration, and it also inhibited melanoma cell viability and decreased secretion of melanin. The results suggest that crude extracts of A. paniculata stimulate cell proliferation and subsequently help wound recovery in a short time of injury. In the MMPs assay, A. paniculata crude extract can promote secretion of MMP-9, and one report has indicated that MMP-9 can reduce scar formation. Therefore, using A. paniculata crude extract treated wound which has potential to reduce scar formation. Using the A. paniculata crude extract to treat mice burn, the result of healing was very well, and the rate of healing process was no significant difference as compared with commercially burn medicine (sulfadiazine silver, positive control) and the complete healing time as early as 4 days as compared with the positive control. The result implies that the crude extract of A. paniculata is effective for promoting wound healing. In addition, the Andrographolide is pure compound from A. paniculata, it had potential effect to treat the burn. And in tissue sections staining, the result showed that the structure of burn skin which treated by Andrographolide was similar to the normal skin structure after wound healing. This result is inferred that the Andrographolide may be the crucial composition of A. paniculata for wound healing. Taken together, A. paniculata, L. japonica, and excavatolide B can promote wound repair, especially Andrographolide has potential to decrease scar formation. These herbs and pure compounds can be potentially developed as wound treatment drugs.
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Tsai, Han-Ching, and 蔡含卿. "In vivo and in vitro anti-cancer activities of andrographolide derived from Andrographis paniculata." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44240797237570999099.
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碩士國立成功大學
藥理學研究所
95
Andrographolide (AG) is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata, an herbal medicine used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory drug for the treatments of laryngitis, diarrhea and rheumatoid arthritis. The present investigation aims at making a systemic study, both in vitro and in vivo, of the anti-cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis and anti-tumor activities of AG. In vitro, AG shows anti-proliferative activity toward a variety of human cancer cell lines. FACS and Western blot analyses indicate that AG induces cells to undergo cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by inducing the expression of p21, a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), and a concomitant decrease of cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). AG also exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity in both the immunostaining of CD31 and rat aortic ring assay. In a gelatin zymography assay for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), AG inhibits the secretion of MMP-2 and -9 from A549 cells, suggesting AG is involved in suppressing metastasis. The notion is strengthened by the finding that AG inhibits the migrations of A549 and B16-F10 cells by either the Boyden chamber assay or the wound healing assay. The anti-metastasis of AG is finally supported in vivo by the reduction of number of metastasized lung nodules after a tail vein injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells into C57BL/6J mice. AG also significantly suppresses the primary implanted Lewis lung carcinoma tumor in the same mouse strain. Our data suggest that AG is an interesting pharmacophore with anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Its molecular mechanism of action deserves further elucidation in the future studies.
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Liu, Yen-ni, and 劉晏妮. "Inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extracts and andrographolide on Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07954704385129290225.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
生物科技研究所
95
This investigation examines the aqueous and ethanolic extract from Andrographis paniculata, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Polygonum cuspidatum, Mesona chinensis, Artemisia lactiflora, and Siegesbeckia glabrescens for their anti-Epstein Barr virus (EBV) activities. This work uses a photochemical method to determine the total content of phenolic compounds in the extracts; immunoblotting, inhibition of the expression of EBV immediate-early and early proteins, Rta, Zta and EA-D; the MTT [ 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay] method, cytotoxicity; transient transfection assay, inhibition of the transcription of EBV immediate-early genes, BRLF1 and BZLF1; real-time PCR, EBV virion production. The results showed that the ethanolic extract from P. cuspidatum contains the highest amount of polyphenols. At 100 �慊/ml, the ethanolic extract from A. paniculata, P. cuspidatum, and M. chinensis inhibit the expression of Rta by 58.4%, 100.0%, and 66.3%, respectively. Furthermore, at 25 �慊/ml, the ethanolic extract from A. paniculata inhibits the expression of Rta, Zta, and EA-D by more than 50% but exhibits little cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the major component in A. paniculata, andrograpolide, at 5 �慊/ml, not only inhibits the expression of EA-D by 84.3 ± 15.7% but also exhibits little cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, either 25 �慊/ml of ethanolic extract from A. paniculata or 5 �慊/ml of andrographolide inhibits the transcription of BRLF1 by 78.7 ± 2.7% and 82.6 ± 5.1% ; BZLF1, 61.9 ± 5.0% and 92.4 ± 0.6% , respectively. Real-time PCR revealed that the ethanolic extract from A. panuculata and andrograpolide inhibit the production of EBV particles by about 10- to 15-fold. These results demonstrate that ethanolic extract from A. panuculata and andrograpolide effectively inhibit the transcription of EBV immediate-early genes and ultimately influence the expression of EBV lytic proteins to inhibit the EBV lytic cycle.
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Huang, Yu-Ju, and 黃鈺如. "Hepatoprotection of Andrographolide and Ethanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata in Carbon tetrachloride-treated Rats." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62611338849878374955.
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碩士中國醫藥大學
營養學系碩士班
100
Chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis are the eighth leading cause of death in Taiwan. Therefore, prevention and medical therapy of chronic liver diseases is an important public health issue in Taiwan. Andrographis paniculata is a popular Chinese herbal medicine and is reported to display diverse biological activities including hepatoprotection , anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation. The major bioactive compounds of A. paniculata include various flavonoids and terpenoids, and andrographolid (AND), a diterpene lactone, is the most active one. In this study, we intend to examine the hepatoprotection of AND and ethanolic extract of A. paniculata (APE) by examining the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and expression in rat liver in the absence or presence of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In addition, changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and expression in kidney and heart and red blood cells were also determined. Six weeks-old male Sprague Dawley rats were intragastrically (i.g.) injected 30 or 50 mg/kg/day AND or 0.75 (equivalent to 38 mg AND) or 2 g/kg/day APE for five days. After overnight fasting, rats were sacrificed and blood and the liver, heart, and kidney were removed immediately. Part of rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 50% CCl4 in olive oil, v/v) at day 6. Blood was withdrawn 24 and 48 h after CCl4 treatment. After the final blood sampling, rats were sacrificed and the livers were removed immediately. In rats without treating CCl4, AND in dose of 30 and 50 mg/kg significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver and red cells and GSH peroxidase (GPx) activity in the kidney as compared with the control rats (p<0.05). Higher SOD and GSH reductase (GR) activity was also noted in the kidney of rats treated with high dose of AND (p<0.05). In the heart tissues, higher catalase and SOD activity were also resulted in 50 mg/kg AND-treated rats as compared with the controls (p<0.05). Similar to AND, both APE doses increased SOD activity in the liver and GPx and GR activity in the kidney (p<0.05). Besides, higher hepatic GPx and nephritic SOD and cardiac catalase and SOD activity were noted in high dose APE treated rats (p<0.05). Accompany with the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity, AND increased GSH contents in the liver and heart and red cells, but the significant difference was only reached in the heart (p<0.05). APE did not change GSH contents in the heart and kidney and red cells, but APE dose-dependently increased GSH contents in the liver (p<0.05). A dose-dependent decrease of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) production was noted in the heart and kidney and red cells by AND, and was also noted in the liver by APE (p<0.05). In consistence with the changes of enzyme activities, Western blotting and RT-PCR assays revealed that AND and APE increased HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, SOD1, and GST Ya and Yb protein and mRNA expression in the liver, heart, and kidney. EMSA showed that both AND and APE enhanced the DNA binding activity of Nrf2 isolated from liver nuclei. In rats treating with CCl4, plasma ALT and AST activities were increased at 24 and 48 h post injection. With either dose of AND pretreatment, ALT and AST activity were significantly suppressed (p<0.05). CCl4-induced plasma AST activity was also significantly decreased by both 0.75 and 2 g/kg APE (p<0.05). In addition, increase of hepatic TBARS production by CCl4 was decreased in rats pretreated with AND and APE (p<0.05). APE and AND induction of the antioxidant enzyme activity and protein and mRNA expression and GSH level in rat liver in this experiment was similar to that of rats without CCl4 as stated above. These results suggest that AND and APE up-regulate antioxidant enzyme HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, SOD1, and GST Ya and Yb gene transcription through Nrf2/ARE pathway in rat liver. The enhancement of antioxidant defense protects against CCl4 induced liver injury. In addition, such an up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression occurs in heart and kidneys and red blood cells as well. Andrographolid is likely to be the active component in A. paniculata.
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Kuei-Ting and 張貴婷. "Modulation of the expression of pi class of glutathione S-transferase by Andrographis paniculata extracts and andrographolide." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06766476164303722718.
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碩士中山醫學大學
營養學研究所
95
Andrographis paniculata (Ap) is a commonly used herb for traditional medicine in many Southeast Asian countries. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ap on the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) in rat primary hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were treated with 25 or 50 μg/mL of ethanol or ethyl acetate extracts of Ap (ApEE or ApEAE) or 10 or 20 μM andrographolide, which is the major active diterpene lactone of Ap, for 48 h. ApEE, ApEAE, and andrographolide dose-dependently induced GSTP protein and mRNA expression. In a GST activity assay, GST activity was significantly higher in cells treated with the maximum concentrations of ApEE, ApEAE, and andrographolide than in control cells (P < 0.05). The pTA-2713 luciferase reporter construct containing GSTP enhancer 1 (GPE1) was transiently transfected into Clone 9 liver cells. Cells treated with ApEE, ApEAE, and andrographolide showed a dose-dependent increase in luciferase activity. GPE1 deletion abolished the induction efficiency of Ap. Also, the induction of GSTP expression by Ap was inhibited by wortmannin, which is an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. These results indicate that ApEE, ApEAE, and andrographolide induce GSTP expression. This induction is likely related to the PI3K/Akt pathway, and GPE1, an enhancer element in GSTP promoter, is essential for the induction.
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[Verfasser], Naiyana Tipakorn. "Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Nees on performance, mortality and coccidiosis in broiler chickens / by Naiyana Tipakorn." 2002. http://d-nb.info/964912708/34.
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Wang, Fu-Ming, and 王富銘. "The antihyperlipidemic effect on the combination of ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Acanthopanax Senticosus in hyperlipidemic hamsters." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31557358114797322696.
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碩士大仁科技大學
製藥科技研究所
100
The aim of the present study was going to evaluate the plasma lipids lowering effect on the prescription composed of Andrographis paniculata extract and Acanthopanax Senticosus extract at the ratio of 1:3 (APAS). In the present study, the plasma lipid levels were evaluated after hyperlipidemic hamster receiving 8-weeks oral administration with APAS, that was compared with those from LipoCol Forte○R (100 mg/kg/day)-treated group. It has been shown that the plasma lowering activities of APAS (500 mg/kg/day) in TC, TG and LDL-C was approached to 24.34±2.21, 22.94±2.97 and 22.68±2.76％, respectively. The plasma lowering activities of LipoCol Forte (100 mg/kg/day) in TC, TG and LDL-C was nearly to 27.22±3.14, 31.06±2.83 and 26.63±3.12 ％, respectively. The plasma lipids lowering potency of APAS is similar with that produced by LipoCol Forte. The results showed that APAS poses the capacity to ameliorate hyperlipidemia.
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Liu, Pei-Fen, and 劉珮芬. "Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata and Andrographolide on Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Pharmacokinetics of Tolbutamide in Rats." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43496326161589574920.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
營養學系碩士班
99
Andrographis paniculata has been treated as a medicinal herb in many Asia countries for hundreds of years. Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone, is the most well known active phytochemical in Andrographis paniculata. Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide display many biological activities including anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, and modulation on drug metabolism. Tolbutamide is an hypoglycemic drug for type II diabetes mellitus patient. cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 is the main CYP isozyme responsible for hydroxylating tolbutamide to hydroxytolbutamide, which is then further oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogrnase. Currently, many consumers especially those with chronic diseases and elderlys commonly co-administered with drugs and herbs/healthy foods. It is interesting to know whether andrographis paniculata interacts with drug metabolism, thereby interferes the pharmacokinetics of drug. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (APE) and andrographolide (AND) on activity and expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rat livers and also on the pharmacokinetic parameters of tolbutamide. Seven weeks-old male Sprague Dawley rats were intragastrically (i.g.) administered 2 g/kg/d APE (equivalent to 166 mg/kg AND) or 50 mg/kg/d AND for 5 days. At day 6, rats were intragastrically treated 20 mg/kg tolbutamide follwed by withdrawing blood at different time intervals for 12 h. Rats were then sacrificed and the livers were removed immediately. As compared to the control rats, APE and AND significantly reduced plasma tolbutamide concentration area under the curve (AUC) by 69% and 80% (p < 0.05), respectively. APE and AND tended to decrease Tmax and Cmax, although the differences were not reached significance. Enzyme actrivity assay reveals that hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (CYP1A2), diclofenac 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C), p-nitrophenol 6-hydroxylase (CYP2E1), and testersterone 6??-hydroxylation and midazolam 1-hydroxylase (CYP3A) and UDP-glucurosyl transferase (UGT) activities were higher in rats dosed with APE and AND than that of controls (p < 0.05). In consistence to the changes on enzyme activity, immunoblots and RT-PCR indicated that APE and AND increased CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 3A1, and 3A2 and UGT1A1 and the ?? form of glutathione S-transferase protein and mRNA levels (p < 0.05). In addition, protein and mRNA expression of the membrane transporter P-glycoprotein were up-regulated by APE (p < 0.05). EMSA demonstrated that APE and AND enhanced the DNA binding activity of pregnane X-receptor (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Regarding to the expression of antioxidant enzymes in rat livers, results indicated that heme oxygenase 1 mRNA and protein levels were increased by APE and AND (p < 0.05). These results suggest that APE and AND are effective on up-regulating gene transcription and enzyme activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which accelerate the metabolism of tolbutamide.
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Chen, Chih-Min, and 陳志銘. "Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers and Application Rates on the Growth and Physiological-nutrition of Andrographis paniculata and Artemisia indica." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96951964504900598176.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
92
Abstract Various kinds of drug are extract and purtify from plants, therefore, the usage and demand for medicinal plants increase with passing day. One of the methods to obtain high quality medical plants is through cultivation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different kinds and rates of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and physiological-nutrition of Andrographis paniculata and Artemisia indica Willd. in pot culture. The experiments were conducted in the experiment farm of National Taiwan University. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in randomized complete block design. There were five treatments for both plants: 1. check (CK); 2. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate I (Chem 1); 3. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate II (Chem 2); 4. chemical nitrogen fertilizer of rate III (Chem 3); 5. organic fertilizer (Org). The same amounts of phosphorous (0.25 g P pot-1) and potassium (0.35 g K pot-1) fertilizers were applied to the chemical fertilizer treated plots. A. paniculata and A. indica Willd. were harvested after growing three and four months, respectively. The soil was also sampled after harvesting of the plants. The plants were separated into root, stem, and leaf. The concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and soluble sugar of the plants were analyzed. For the soil, the pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract, and the concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, Bray-1 P, organic matter, extractable potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc were determined. The andrographolide in different parts of A. paniculata was also determined. The results indicated that the concentration of total nitrogen in two kinds of plant increased with the increase of application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the dry matter yield of Chem 3 treatment was the lowest among treatments. The concentration of andrographolide in A. paniculata of Org treatment was the highest and that of Chem 3 treatment the lowest. The concentration and the amount of potassium in A. indica Willd. of Org treatment was significantly higher than those of the others; however, there was no significant difference in potassium concentration in A. paniculata. The concentrations and the amount of calcium and magnesium in two kind of plant of Chem 2 and Chem 3 treatments were higher than those of the others. The pH, the concentrations of organic matter, the Bray-1 P, Mehlich III extractable potassium, calcium, and magnesium in soil of Org treatment was higher than those of the other treatments. The concentration of Mehlich III extractable copper in soil of Org treatment was the lowest among treatments. Key words: Nitrogen fertilization, Andrographis paniculata, Artemisia indica Willd., Andrographolide, Nutrient uptake.
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Shi, Chuen-Chao, and 施春兆. "Study on the relaxation effects of the principles of Peganum harmala L and Andrographis paniculata on vascular and tracheal smooth muscles in vitro." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33790641842170224407.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立陽明大學
藥理學研究所
89
Following previous studies on the pharmacological effects of Peganum harmala and Andrographis paniculata extracts, the present study mainly examined the in vivo cardiovascular, in vitro vasorelaxant, antiplatelet, and tracheal spasmolytic effects of 4 psychological active principles (harmine, harman, harmaline, and harmalol) from the seeds of Peganum harmala and 3 active principles (deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, and neoandrographolide) from the leafs of Andrographis paniculata. The following results were obtained in the study on harmala alkaloids. In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, harmine, harman, harmaline, and harmalol (1-10 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently produced transient hypotension and bradycardia, which were attenuated by a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) pretreatment, indicating the involvement of NO in their cardiovascular effects. In isolated rat endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings, these 4 harmala alkaloids concentration-dependently relaxed phenylepherine (PE)-, 5-HT-, and KCl-induced contractions. The vasorelaxant effects of harmine, harman and harmaline were partially endothelium-dependent, but harmalol was endothelium-independent. In cultured rat aortic endothelial cells, harmine, harman, and harmaline caused an increase in [Ca2+]i by inducing the influx of external Ca2+ and/or increasing the release of internal Ca2+, which in turn increased the synthesis and release of NO. In vascular smooth muscle, pretreatment with these 4 alkaloids reduced both the phasic contraction induced by PE in the absence of external Ca2+ and the tonic contraction induced by reintroduction of 2.5 mM CaCl2, and inhibited PE- and 5-HT-induced contractions in a noncompetitive manner. However, receptor binding assays indicated that harmine, harman, harmaline and harmalol interacted with the rat cardiac a1-adrenoceptors and mouse cerebral cortex 5-HT2 receptors in the same concentrations. In human and rabbit platelets, harmine, harman, and harmaline inhibited platelet aggregations induced by different aggregation inducers. The inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation was associated with the inhibitory effects on AA-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and in the synthesis of thromboxan A2 (TXA2). In isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations, these 4 alkaloids also concentration-dependently relaxed the contractions induced by carbachol, histamine, and KCl. The relaxant effect of harmine, harman, or harmaline for carbachol-induced contractions involved the activation of b-adrenoceptors and the competitive antagonism on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The following results were obtained in the study on the principles of Andrographis paniculata. In isolated rat endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings, deoxyandrographolide and andrographolide concentration-dependently relaxed PE-, 5-HT-, and KCl-induced contractions. The vasorelaxant effect of deoxyandrographolide was partially endothelium-dependent. In cultured rat aortic endothelial cells, deoxyandrographolide caused an increase in [Ca2+]i by inducing the influx of external Ca2+, which in turn increased the synthesis and release of NO. In vascular smooth muscle, deoxyandrographolide and andrographolide inhibited PE- and 5-HT-induced contractions in a noncompetitive manner and pretreatment with these 3 principles reduced both the phasic contraction induced by PE in the absence of external Ca2+ and the tonic contraction induced by reintroduction of 2.5 mM CaCl2. However, receptor binding assays indicated that only andrographolide had a low affinity for rat cardiac α1-adrenoceptors, suggesting that the vasorelaxant effects of these 3 principles did not acting on the receptor level. In human and rabbit platelets, these 3 principles inhibited platelet aggregations induced by different aggregation inducers, with the action on collagen-induced aggregation being the most potent. Inhibition of AA-induced aggregation by deoxyandrographolide was associated with its inhibitory action on AA-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and in the synthesis of TXA2. In guinea-pig tracheal preparations, deoxyandrographolide relaxed carbachol-, histamine-, and KCl-induced contractions, but andrographolide and neoandrographolide only relaxed histamine-induced contractions. The effects of these 3 principles on histamine-induced contractions were noncompetitive. Receptor binding assays indicated that neoandrographolide interacted with guinea-pig lung histamine H1 receptor with a Ki value comparable with its potency to inhibit histamine-induced contractions; in contrast, deoxyandrographolide had low affinity and andrographolide was without significant interaction. In summary, the present study demonstrated the vasorelaxant, antiplatelet, and tracheal spasmolytic effects of 4 harmala alkaloids and 3 active principles of Andrographis paniculata and also partially resolved their possible underlying mechanisms of action.
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Yu-Shiou and 歐俞秀. "Role of PI3K/Akt pathway in up-regulation of Andrographis paniculata extracts- and Andrographolide-induced expression of pi class of glutathione S-transferase in rat primary hepatocytes." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42986620414653885034.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
營養學研究所
96
Andrographis paniculata (Ap) has been widely used as a traditional medicine in Asia for the prevention and treatment of common cold, inflammation, cancer, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Our previous study showed that the ethanol (ApEE) or ethyl acetate (ApEAE) extracts of Ap and andrographolide, the major active diterpene lactone of Ap, induced pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) expression in rat primary hepatocytes. Also, the induction of GSTP protein expression by Ap extracts and andrographolide was significantly inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway (p < 0.05). In the present study, we investigated the role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in GSTP induction by ApEE, ApEAE or andrographolide in rat primary hepatocytes. In the GSTP expression experiment, cells were pretreated with or without 25 µM LY294002 or 1 µM wortmannin for 1 h before the addition of 100 µg/ml of ApEE, ApEAE or 40 µM andrographolide for 48 h. In the Akt phosphorylation experiment, cells were pretreated with or without 25 µM LY294002 or 1 µM wortmannin for 1 h before the addition of 100 µg/ml ApEE, ApEAE or 40 µM andrographolide for 1 h. The total protein was collected and determined for GSTP and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) protein expression by Western blot analyses. The results showed that ApEE, ApEAE and andrographolide significantly induced GSTP and p-Akt protein expression (p < 0.05). In addition, the induction of GSTP and p-Akt protein expression by Ap extracts and andrographolide was significantly inhibited by LY294002 and wortmannin (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the regulation of pi class of glutathione S-transferase expression induced by Ap extracts and andrographolide in rat primary hepatocytes.
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Chern, Huei-Jen, and 陳慧真. "The Constituents fo the Stems of Andrographolis paniculata Nees." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54929078543293139797.
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Cheng, Guo-Wei, and 程國瑋. "Investigation of mechanisms of Andrograpiphis paniculata extract in cellular protection." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k8pa73.
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碩士中華醫事科技大學
生物科技系暨生物醫學研究所
104
Andrographis paniculata, is a traditional folk medicinal plant, widely used in various applications, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-pyretic and immune promoting traditional therapies and has been shown that extract of Andrographis paniculata exerts cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Several lines of evidence showed that oxidative stress could lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we extracted the Andrographis paniculata to study its anti-oxidative abilities and neuroprotective effects using cellular model in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells. We treated cells with hydrogen peroxide (100, 200, 400 and 800 M), ethanol (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) and various concentrations of Andrographis paniculata extract (50, 100, 150 and 200 g/ml) for 24 hours and measured the cell survival rate using cell counting and the MTT assay. We found that hydrogen peroxide and ethanol induced cell death and decreased survival rates. However, we also treated Andrographis paniculata extract and found that 50 g/ml of that did not affect cells, 100 g/ml of that could induce cell proliferation and higher concentrations of that caused cell death. All concentrations of Andrographis paniculata extract could decreased the ethanol- but not hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. According to these results, Andrographis paniculata extract protects cells from ethanol-induced oxidative stress injury. Therefore, it can be used as a new agent to protect neurons from ethanol-induced damage and treat neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress.