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1
Bao, Zhihua, Yuko Matsushita, Sho Morimoto, Yuko Takada Hoshino, Chika Suzuki, Kazunari Nagaoka, Makoto Takenaka, et al. "Decrease in fungal biodiversity along an available phosphorous gradient in arable Andosol soils in Japan." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 6 (June 2013): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0612.
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Andosols comprise one of the most important soil groups for agricultural activities in Japan because they cover about 46.5% of arable upland fields. In this soil group, available phosphorus (P) is accumulated by application of excessive fertilizer, but little is known about the influence of increasing P availability on microbial community diversity at large scales. We collected soil samples from 9 agro-geographical sites with Andosol soils across an available P gradient (2048.1–59.1 mg P2O5·kg−1) to examine the influence of P availability on the fungal community diversity. We used polymerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to analyze the fungal communities based on 18S rRNA genes. Statistical analyses revealed a high negative correlation between available P and fungal diversity (H′). Fungal diversity across all sites exhibited a significant hump-shaped relationship with available P (R2 = 0.38, P < 0.001). In addition, the composition of the fungal community was strongly correlated with the available P gradient. The ribotype F6, which was positively correlated with available P, was closely related to Mortierella. The results show that both the diversity and the composition of the fungal community were influenced by available P concentrations in Andosols, at a large scale. This represents an important step toward understanding the processes responsible for the maintenance of fungal diversity in Andosolic soils.
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Novák, P., T. Khel, J. Vopravil, and J. Lagová. "Do Andosols occur in the Czech Republic?" Soil and Water Research 5, No. 4 (December 1, 2010): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2010-swr.
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The aim of this contribution was either to confirm or refuse the supposition that there are soils on the volcanic effusive rocks in the Bruntál district which can be assigned to the referential group of Andosols. The conditions for the genesis of Andosols are described and the diagnostic criteria of the andic process are defined both according to the principles of the WBR/FAO 2006 classification and according to the Slovak MKSPS 2000 classification system. In the Czech classification system, the diagnostics of Andosols has not yet been described or defined because their occurrence on the territory of the Czech Republic has not been confirmed till now. On the Velký Roudný volcanic dome (780 m), samples from two profiles were taken and described: one from below the summit as a sample of forest soil, and the other from the terraced, grass-covered foot of the hill, formerly used as a ploughed land. The samples from the two profiles were processed, and analyses were carried out according to both the classification systems mentioned above. The results of the analyses were subsequently evaluated. It was discovered that both evaluated profiles conformed to most of the diagnostic characteristics of andic development according to both WRB 2006 and the Slovak 2000 classification systems. Both evaluated profiles could be then classified – according to WRB 2006 – as Vitric Andosol (Dystric) and Vitric – Umbric Andosol (Dystric, Colluvic), respectivelly; according to Slovak Classification System as Andic Cambisols. The occurrence of soils with andic development in the Czech Republic was thus confirmed. The conclusion drawn by some authors (eg. in US Taxonomy) that a higher content of volcanic glass and a substrate of andesite type are not an indispensable condition for the creation of soils classified as Andosols was also confirmed. Likewise, according to the WRB criteria, a melanic humus horizon is not a necessary condition. Because of the difficulties in distinguishing the types, the Czech classification system recommends that a humic andic horizon should be evaluated as molic. We assume that in some cases it could be better classified as umbric. A preliminary proposal has been put forward to insert the Andozem soil types in Taxonomic Soil Classification System of the Czech Republic: Haplic Andosol, Vitric Andosol, Lithic Andosol, Umbric Andosol, but the properties and criteria of those soils will have to be defined precisely. One problem which will also have to be resolved is how to allocate the profiles displaying andic properties either to the proposed subtype of Cambic Andosol or to the subtype of Andic Cambisol (outside the referential class of Andsols). This issue is, indeed, not dealt with satisfactorily either by the Slovak system or the worldwide WRB 2006 classification, either.
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Sara, and Maria Luisa Fernandez-Marcos. "Sorption and Desorption of Vanadate, Arsenate and Chromate by Two Volcanic Soils of Equatorial Africa." Soil Systems 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020022.
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Sorption of oxyanions by soils and mineral surfaces is of interest due to their role as nutrients or pollutants. Volcanic soils are variable charge soils, rich in active forms of aluminum and iron, and capable of sorbing anions. Sorption and desorption of vanadate, arsenate, and chromate by two African andosols was studied in laboratory experiments. Sorption isotherms were determined by equilibrating at 293 K soil samples with oxyanion solutions of concentrations between 0 and 100 mg L−1 V, As, or Cr, equivalent to 0−2.0 mmol V L−1, 0−1.3 mmol As L−1, and 0−1.9 mmol Cr L−1, in NaNO3; V, As, or Cr were determined by ICP-mass spectrometry in the equilibrium solution. After sorption, the soil samples were equilibrated with 0.02 M NaNO3 to study desorption. The isotherms were adjusted to mathematical models. After desorption with NaNO3, desorption experiments were carried out with a 1 mM phosphate. The sorption of vanadate and arsenate was greater than 90% of the amount added, while the chromate sorption was much lower (19–97%). The sorption by the Silandic Andosol is attributed to non-crystalline Fe and Al, while in the Vitric Andosol, crystalline iron species play a relevant role. The V and Cr sorption isotherms fitted to the Freundlich model, while the As sorption isotherms conformed to the Temkin model. For the highest concentrations of oxyanions in the equilibrating solution, the sorbed concentrations were 37–38 mmol V kg−1, 25 mmol As kg−1, and 7.2–8.8 mmol Cr kg−1. The desorption was low for V and As and high for Cr. The comparison of the sorption and desorption isotherms reveals a pronounced hysteresis for V in both andosols and for Cr in the Silandic Andosol. Phosphate induced almost no V desorption, moderate As desorption, and considerable Cr desorption.
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Matsumoto, Shingo, Haruno Doi, and Junko Kasuga. "Changes over the Years in Soil Chemical Properties Associated with the Cultivation of Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) on Andosol Soil." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2022): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081223.
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The sowing-to-harvest period for the medicinal plant Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is 4–6 years. Although one of the primary soils used to cultivate ginseng in Japan is Andosol, there have been few studies of the changes in the soil’s chemical properties during the cultivation of ginseng in Andosol soil. Here, we investigated the chemical properties of Andosol soil by collecting soil samples from cultivation sites with various numbers of years of ginseng cultivation. A significant negative correlation was observed between the years of cultivation and the soil’s pH, indicating that soil acidification increased with an increasing number of years of cultivation. Similarly, exchangeable calcium (Ca) showed a significant negative correlation with the years of cultivation. The soluble aluminum (Al) concentration showed a significant positive correlation with the years of cultivation and was significantly negatively correlated with the exchangeable Ca and magnesium (Mg) contents. These results suggest that a decrease in pH due to Ca absorption by ginseng, increasing Al dissolution, and a further accelerated decrease in pH occur during the cultivation of ginseng in Andosols. The increase in soluble Al with increasing years of cultivation also affected the dynamics of essential trace elements in the soil, showing significant negative correlations with the soil’s soluble copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents, indicating that the Cu and Zn contents decreased with increasing Al. Our findings indicate that in the cultivation of ginseng on Andosol soil, the soil’s soluble Al content is an essential factor in changes in the soil’s chemical properties.
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Tang, Erasmus Nchuaji, and Francis Ajebesone Ngome. "The Integrated Effects of Fertilizer on Sweet Potato (Ipomea Batatas, Lam.) in Andosol and Nitisol Soils." International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/ijsar.v9i1.2962.
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Sweet potato is a food and nutrition security crop in sub-Saharan Africa with low yields resulting from soil infertility. We examined the effects of nine fertilizer regimes on the growth performance of orange-fleshed (OFSP) and white-fleshed (WFSP) sweet potato varieties in two agro-ecological zones characterized by Andosol and Nitisol soils. The treatments were: NPK20-10-10, NPK6-15-28, rice husk biochar (RHB), fast compost (FC), Tithonia diversifolia leaf powder, poultry litter (PL), RHB/NPK20-10-10, FC/NPK20-10-10 and PL/NPK20-10-10. These were compared to a control of no fertilizer. The Andosol and Nitisol soils were acidic with significant differences (p < 0.05) in total nitrogen, organic carbon, C/N ratio, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Fertilizer effects were dominant on the adventitious root, total and marketable yields, moderately affecting main stem length and harvest index (HI) with weak effects on branch number, petiole length and leaf area index (LAI). Soil type and sweet potato variety strongly affected main stem length and HI. Variety × fertilizer strongly influenced adventitious root formation, while soil × variety × fertilizer affected total and marketable yields. LAI, primary branch number, dry biomass, total and marketable yields were best for the OFSP in the Andosol, while main stem length, petiole length, adventitious roots and HI were best for the WFSP in the Nitisol. Results of the study showed that FC, PL/NPK20-10-10 and RHB/NPK20-10-10 were the most promising soil fertility amendments to boost sweet potato productivity in the Nitisols and Andosols.
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Lupașcu, Angela, and Daniela Chelariu. "The Physical and Biochemical Peculiarities of Representative Soils in Giurgeu Mountains." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0020.
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Abstract The analyses for the description of physic-chemical and humus fractional characteristics have been determined for two soil subtypes, respectively four soil profiles, that are representative for the lower altitudes area of Giurgeu Mountains. The analysis has been based on: one Andi-Eutric Cambisols (EC an- 920 m alt.) and three Cambic Andosols (AN ca) situated at different altitudes: 1120-1140 m, 1197 m and 1310 m. The purpose of the research is to indentify some quantitative and qualitative differences in regards to some organic and inorganic components from the soil. Have come into prominence the sum of exchangeable bases, the total acidity exchange, the degree of base saturation and other aspects related to organic accumulation (the highest in Cambic Andosols: 1120-1140 m alt.), degree of humification (higher for the same Andosol and variable for the one from 1310 m alt.), the distribution curve on the profile of chemical and biochemical humic components. In terms of quality, there are differences in regard to the humification degree of organic matter, the dynamic on the profile of the main humus fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, non-extractable material) forming the horizons of accumulation for some of the fractions.
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Duwig, C., B. Prado, A. J. Tinet, P. Delmas, N. Dal Ferro, J. P. Vandervaere, H. Denis, P. Charrier, A. Gastelum Strozzi, and F. Morari. "Impacts of land use on hydrodynamic properties and pore architecture of volcanic soils from the Mexican Highlands." Soil Research 57, no. 6 (2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18271.
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Volcanic soils are important resources because of their unique mineralogical and physical characteristics, and allophanic Andosols represent some of the world’s most fertile soils. However, their unique properties can be lost when cultivated. Most soils in the Central Valley, Mexico, are derived from volcanic materials. This valley encompasses one of the largest water supply systems in the world by volume, but is affected by soil degradation and deforestation. Sustainably managing volcanic soils requires understanding how land use affects their hydrodynamic properties. Gas adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry, water retention curves, tension infiltrometry and X-ray tomography were used to describe pore structure characteristics. Two volcanic soils (one Andosol and one derived from indurated tuff – Tepetates), three land uses (maize monoculture, maize–wheat rotation and fallow) and two horizons (Ap and A2 for maize monoculture and maize–wheat rotation) were studied. Tillage affected topsoil by increasing the sand fraction by 38% and decreasing total porosity and macroporosity by 23% and 40% respectively. Macropore size was reduced and the number of isolated macropores was higher in the tilled layer under maize, compared with untilled subsoil. The plot under maize–wheat rotation had lower allophane content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity was reduced by nearly an order of magnitude and water retention by half, compared with maize and fallow plots. Compared with Andosols, Tepetates showed differences in mineralogical composition with lower contents of amorphous compounds and in its porous network characteristics with twice the total and percolating macroporosity compared with the maize plot. Its high content of organic carbon (3.5%) seemed beneficial for its hydrodynamic properties. Sustainable agricultural management of these volcanic soils requires reducing mechanised tillage, avoiding periods when soil is bare, not applying maize–wheat rotation and applying maize–fallow rotation allowing natural vegetation growth.
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Marsum, Marsum, Sunarto Sunarto, Widodo Widodo, Khayan Khayan, and Slamet Wardoyo. "Waste treatment innovation for infusion bottles using soil solution." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): e0273394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273394.
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The amount of medical waste, especially infusion bottles, is a problem for environmental pollution. Improper management of infusion bottle waste can have an impact on disease transmission. The medical waste treatment used high technology and high costs will be a financial burden, so simple and effective treatment innovations is needed. This study uses an experimental method of removing bacteria from infusion bottles using a mixture of water and Andoso soil as a solution for washing infusion bottle waste. The soil solution concentration used in washing was 45% with a contact time of 2 minutes. The experiment was carried out with two repetitions. The treatment effect on decreasing the number of bacteria using a multiple linear regression mathematical model. The results showed that the disinfection process of bacterial-contaminated infusion bottles using water required rinsing up to six times, whereas using 45% andosol soil solution only rinsed once. The effectiveness of the disinfection of infusion bottles contaminated with bacteria using soil solution reduces the number of bacteria by 98%.
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Zemke, Julian J., Ulli Bange, John Dellen, Ines Groh, Roxane C. A. Henn, Joshua Pöhler, and Stephan Stegmann. "Penetration Resistance of Laacher See-tephra Andosols—Evaluating Rooting Conditions of Undisturbed and Excavated Forest Soils in SW-Germany." Forests 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030360.
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This study discusses penetration resistance (PR) of forested Pumice-Andosol sites. PR, a key soil property influencing root growth and elongation, exerts a substantial influence on ecological site quality and tree growth. Andosols were expected to show low PR because of their unique characteristics (low bulk density, loose soil matrix). Five sites, two undisturbed and three backfilled, were sampled. The latter result from pumice excavation and were examined to quantify potential PR alterations in the aftermath of backfilling and pumice removal. Penetrologger sampling on undisturbed sites showed mean PR not exceeding 3 MPa, a literature-based, critical threshold restricting root growth, in the upper 0.80 m, indicating conditions fostering tree rooting. Backfilled sites mostly exhibited increased (> 3 MPa) PR, leading to rooting restrictions even beginning at −0.21 m. Deviations from undisturbed soils range from −15.6 to +109.3% depending on depth and age of the backfilled site. Furthermore, GIS-based data interpolation helped to identify spatial PR patterns and allowed a direct comparison before/after backfilling at one site. Statistical analysis revealed significantly altered PR after backfilling, while a concluding ANOVA provided at least significant governing factors (depth, area, clay + silt content, soil organic matter), albeit with only small effect sizes.
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Aduhene-Chinbuah, Jeannette, Soh Sugihara, Masakazu Komatsuzaki, Tomoyasu Nishizawa, and Haruo Tanaka. "No Tillage Increases SOM in Labile Fraction but Not Stable Fraction of Andosols from a Long-Term Experiment in Japan." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020479.
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No tillage (NT) fosters carbon (C) sequestration, increases soil organic matter (SOM) stock, and improves soil health. However, its effect on SOM accumulation in Andosol, which has high OM stabilization characteristics due to its specific mineral properties, remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NT on SOM content and its distribution by the physical fractionation method and assessed the quality of accumulated SOM in each fraction. We collected soil samples at 0–2.5, 2.5–7.5, and 7.5–15 cm depths from NT and conventional tillage (CT) plots in a long-term (19 years) field experiment of Andosols in Ibaraki, Japan. The soil samples were separated into light fraction (LF), coarse-POM (cPOM: 0.25–2 mm), fine-POM (fPOM: 0.053–0.25 mm), and silt + clay (mOM: <0.053 mm). The C, nitrogen (N), and organic phosphorus (Po) contents of each fraction were analyzed. The C content of cPOM and fPOM in NT at 0–7.5 cm was higher than in CT, while there was no clear difference in the mOM fraction or deeper layer (7.5–15 cm). NT increased the C, N, and Po contents in the labile POM fractions at the surface layers but did not increase the stable fraction or change the quality.
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Prastowo, Erwin, Pieter M. Grootes, Marie-Josée Nadeau, and Sri R. Utami. "Subsoil 14C Dynamics in Different Types of Tropical and Subtropical Soils under Different Crop Management." Radiocarbon 59, no. 3 (October 17, 2016): 1021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.81.
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AbstractRadiocarbon has been applied as a tracer to study carbon dynamics in different types of tropical soils, under paddy and non-paddy management on Java, Indonesia. The 14C concentrations were measured in samples of total organic carbon as well as in alkali-soluble humic acids, insoluble humin, and plant remains (roots, seeds, leaves) obtained from three sites with Andosols, Alisols, and Vertisols at different altitudes. In addition, the abundance and distribution of plant macrofossils in the soil column and organic δ13C values were determined. The results obtained so far are compared with those from a chronosequence of Cambisols in China. They indicate the input of fresh plant materials into the subsoil directly via roots and/or by soil cracks and bioturbation of aboveground litter. The total organic C and 14C concentrations show the usual decrease with increasing depth in paddy and non-paddy soils, reflecting the influence of direct input as well as the downward redistribution of organic material as particulates or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) depending on soil type (pedogenesis, plough-pan formation, drying cracks), crop type and management, and climatic factors. A disturbance of the Andosol around 0.4 m depth and a change in profile properties around 0.63 m in the Alisol limit the general conclusions.
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Feszterová, Melánia, and Michal Hudec. "The Distribution of Metallic Elements among Humus Substances in Soil from Volcanic Rocks." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416427.
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The ability of humus substances to form stable complexes with inorganic and organic soil constituents plays a vital role in the generation of environmental pollution, migration, and pollutants transformation. This paper deals with the study of the sorption of metallic elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mg, Zn) in Andosols, Cambisols, and Planosols on Slovak soil types based on the detection of the quality and quantity of humus substances and soil textural properties. Five soil profiles from two areas in the central part of the Western Carpathians on volcanic rocks in Slovakia were investigated. HS values increased with Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, and Mg. Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased with the FA fraction. Al, Ca, Fe, K, and Mg were increasing with increasing HA values. In the HA fraction, a very tight relationship was among K and Fe contents (r = 0.902). In the FA fraction, we found with increasing Cu content, Ca content also increased (r = 0.959). The HS values were positively correlated with the silt and negatively correlated with the clay and the sand fraction. Only the elements Mn and Zn in Planosol were below the detection limit. High concentrations of metallic elements were in Andosol.
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Sara, and Maria Luisa Fernandez-Marcos. "Phosphate sorption and desorption by two contrasting volcanic soils of equatorial Africa." PeerJ 6 (October 23, 2018): e5820. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5820.
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Volcanic soils cover 1% of the Earth’s surface but support 10% of the world’s population. They are among the most fertile soils in the world, due to their excellent physical properties and richness in available nutrients. The major limiting factor for plant growth in volcanic soils is phosphate fixation, which is mainly attributable to active species of aluminium and iron. The sorption and desorption of phosphate is studied on the surface horizons of two African agricultural soils, a silandic Andosol (Rwanda) and a vitric Andosol (São Tomé and Principe). Both soils are slightly acid. The silandic Andosol is rich in active aluminium forms, while the vitric Andosol has high amounts of crystalline iron and aluminium oxides. Sorption isotherms were determined by equilibrating at 293K soil samples with phosphate solutions of concentrations between 0 and 100 mg P L−1 in NaNO3; phosphate was determined by visible spectrophotometry in the equilibrium solution. To study desorption, the soil samples from the sorption experiment were equilibrated with 0.02 M NaNO3. The isotherms were adjusted to mathematical models. In almost all the concentration range, the adsorption of phosphate by the silandic Andosol was greater than 90% of the amount added, being lower in the vitric Andosol but always higher than 65%. The high sorption by the silandic Andosol is attributed to its richness in non-crystalline Fe and Al, while in the vitric Andosol crystalline iron species seem to play a relevant role in the adsorption. The sorption isotherms of both soils fitted to the Temkin model, the adjustment to the Langmuir or Freundlich models being unsatisfactory; throughout the range studied, the sorption increases with increasing phosphorus concentration, a maximum sorption is not predictable (as occurs when the sorption is adjusted to the Langmuir model). For an added P concentration of 100 mg L−1 (3.2 mmol L−1), the sorption is 47.7 µmol P g−1 in the silandic Andosol and 41.6 µmol P g−1 in the vitric Andosol. The desorption is low and the comparison of the sorption and desorption isotherms reveals a pronounced hysteresis, that is, the irreversibility of the sorption. The high phosphate sorption and its irreversibility are comparable to those published for other volcanic soils with high contents of allophane, active aluminium and free iron. The strong phosphate adsorption is a serious limiting factor for plant growth, which requires a careful management of phosphorus fertilization.
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Arum, Sekar, and Temmy Wikaningrum. "Study of Lerak (Sapindus Rarak) Biochar Application for Andosol Agricultural Soil Remediation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1065, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012020.
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Abstract Andosol is a type of soil that has a high nutrient content and is suitable for agricultural land. However, the use of pesticides in farming to increase and protect production from physical defects can cause a decrease in andosol soil quality. This study aims to determine whether the application of lerak biochar can improve the quality of andosol soil on the parameters of pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen based on the Soil Quality Standard of the Indonesian Agricultural Environmental Research Institute in 2009. The experiment was carried out by applying 0.805 g of biochar to 2 kg of andosol soil that already add by urea, KCl, insecticides and fungicides in standard dosages. The results showed that the quality of the andosol soil increased from the acidic category to slightly acidic in the pH category (6.01). The medium category became high for organic carbon (4.85%) and the medium category became high for total nitrogen (0.58%). This statement is evidenced by the results of the t-test which shows that there is no difference between the average value of each parameter and the respective standards. This means that the value meets the existing standard category.
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Rahayu, Aster, Maryudi Maryudi, Nuraini Nuraini, Nafira Alfi Zaini Amrillah, Irwan Mulyadi, and Farah Fadillah Hanum. "Reduction of COD, pH and Phosphate Levels in Laundry Wastewater Using Multi Soil Layering (MSL) Method." JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v13i1.450.
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The growth of laundry services is directly proportional to the use of detergent. Detergent is a cleaning product that contains high levels of COD and phosphate. One method that can be used to overcome this problem is Multi Soil Layering (MSL). This research focussed on the flow rate's effect on decreasing pH, COD, and phosphate levels in industrial laundry waste. MSL was installed using a mixture of andosol soil and activated charcoal from coconut shells. Laundry wastewater was let into MSL with flowrate: 10, 50, and 100 ml/minute. The waste degradation system is placed anaerobically by optimising the anaerobic process in the andosol soil. The pH, COD, and phosphate levels were achieved at 7, 90.9%, and 80.7% by draining the laundry industry waste into the MSL system. This MSL method has a residence time of 266 minutes for a flowrate of 100 mL/minute, 532 minutes for a flowrate of 50 mL/minute and 2660 for a flowrate of 10 mL/minute. Keywords: MSL; Phosphate; COD; Laundry Industry; Andosol soilABSTRAKPenurunan Kadar COD, pH dan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Laundry Menggunakan Metode Multi Soil Layering (MSL)Pertumbuhan jasa laundry berbanding lurus dengan penggunaan detergen. Detergen merupakan produk pembersih yang mengandung COD dan fosfat dalam kadar tinggi. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah Multi Soil Layering (MSL). Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengaruh laju alir terhadap penurunan pH, COD, dan kadar fosfat pada limbah laundry industri. MSL dipasang menggunakan campuran tanah andosol dan arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa. Air limbah laundry dimasukkan ke dalam MSL dengan debit aliran: 10, 50, dan 100 mL/menit. Sistem degradasi sampah ditempatkan secara anaerobik dengan mengoptimalkan proses anaerobik di tanah andosol. Kadar pH, COD, dan fosfat dicapai pada 7, 90,9%, dan 80,7% dengan mengalirkan limbah industri laundry ke dalam sistem MSL. Metode MSL ini memiliki waktu tinggal 266 menit untuk laju alir 100 mL/menit, 532 menit untuk laju alir 50 mL/menit dan 2660 untuk laju alir 10 mL/menit.Kata kunci: MSL; Fosfat; COD; Industri Laundry; Tanah Andosol
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Wu, En, Guo Rong Xin, and Kazuo Sugawara. "Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.664.
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With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.
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UGOLINI, FIORENZO C. "Andosols. 1984." Soil Science 142, no. 6 (December 1986): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198612000-00009.
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Krause, A., T. Nehls, E. George, and M. Kaupenjohann. "Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2015): 1221–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1221-2015.
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Abstract. Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. In a practice oriented field experiment at an Andosol site in NW Tanzania, the effects of various soil amendments (standard compost, urine, biogas slurry and CaSa-compost [biochar and sanitized human excreta]) on (i) the productivity of locally grown crop species, on (ii) the plants' nutrient status and on (iii) the soil's physico-chemical properties were studied. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil moisture, so the observed variation in crop yield and plant nutrition reflected differences in nutrient availability. The application of CaSa-compost increased the level of available P in the top-soil from 0.5 to 4.4 mg kg−1 and the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9. Treatment with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa-compost increased the above-ground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa-compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha−1, compared to only 1.10 t ha−1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa-compost was especially effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as substitute for synthetic fertilizers. However, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the loop can be closed.
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Nofriandi, Irfan, Faiz Barchia, Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi, Bilman W. Simanihuruk, and Entang Inoriah Sukarjo. "Stem Cutting Growth of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) due to Aplication of Cow Manure and KCl in Andosol." TERRA : Journal of Land Restoration 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/terra.4.2.48-52.
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This study aims to obtain the optimum dose of manure for red dragon fruit plant growth on Andosol, optimum K fertilizer dose for red dragon fruit plant growth on Andosol, and the interaction of manure and K fertilizer for red dragon fruit plant growth on Andosol. This research was conducted from August 2018 to November 2018 at the Horticulture Seed Center, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor is cow manure, which is 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/ polybag, and 60 g/polybag. The second factor is K fertilizer, which is 0 g/polybag, 1.38 g/polybag, 2.76 g/polybag, and 5.52 g/polybag. The results showed that the application of cow manure with a dose of 60 g/polybag resulted in the best shoot growth time and shoot fresh weight
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Yuge, Kozue, and Mitsumasa Anan. "Evaluation of the Effect of Wind Velocity and Soil Moisture Condition on Soil Erosion in Andosol Agricultural Fields (Model Experiment)." Water 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010098.
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Soil erosion by the wind is an important phenomenon in drastic soil degradation. In Japan, andosol agricultural field is eroded by the wind and agricultural productivity is significantly affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of wind velocity and soil moisture condition on the soil erosion in andosol agricultural fields. Also, we determined the timing and amount of irrigation water needed to prevent soil erosion by the wind with respect to the wind and soil moisture conditions. A numerical model to simulate airflow in bare andosol field was developed using a continuity equation and Navier Stokes equations. Wind tunnel experiments which described a bare andosol field were performed to measure the degree of soil erosion for four levels of soil moisture condition and five wind velocities. Using the measured amount of soil transferred by wind, the erodibility parameter in Bagnold’s method that quantifies soil erosion was estimated inversely for four soil moisture values. The amounts of soil erosion calculated using this parameter were in good agreement with the measured amounts. These results indicate that the soil moisture and wind conditions under which soil erosion occurs can be determined and the amount of soil erosion can be predicted. Using these conditions and the erodibility parameter, the amount of irrigation needed for the prevention of soil erosion was quantified and the effect of irrigation on soil erosion was evaluated.
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Urushadze, T. F., W. E. H. Blum, E. V. Sanadze, and T. O. Kvrivishvili. "Andosols of Georgia." Eurasian Soil Science 44, no. 9 (September 2011): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106422931109016x.
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Kawanishi, Takuya, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Kazuyuki Chihara, and Motoyuki Suzuki. "Effect of Biological Clogging on Infiltration Rate in Soil Treatment Systems." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0189.
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Effect of biomass on the soil hydraulic conductivity was clarified on andosol soil. The approximate value of the maximum allowable density of biomass was determined, which corresponds to the minimum hydraulic conductivity of the clogged andosol soil. On the basis of these values and the mass balance of the substrate, the relation among substrate concentration, thickness of clogged zone and the percolation rate was discussed. In addition, a numerical model was constructed, and the biomass growth and the change of permeability were simulated. Calculated results were compared with the results of two-dimensional infiltration flow experiments. By using the model, the conditions to avoid infiltration failure were determined.
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AMANO, Yoji. "Phosphorus Status and Age of Andosol." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 30, no. 5 (1991): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.30.443.
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Kleber, Markus, Sabine Zikeli, Michael Kastler, and Reinhold Jahn. "An Andosol from Eastern Saxony, Germany." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 166, no. 4 (August 2003): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200321102.
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Oo, Aung, Shigeto Sudo, Shoji Matsuura, Khin Win, and Takeru Gonai. "Aerated Irrigation and Pruning Residue Biochar on N2O Emission, Yield and Ion Uptake of Komatsuna." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040033.
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After irrigation in intensive vegetable cultivation, the soil is filled with water leading to reduced oxygen content of the soil air which will affect vegetable growth and soil N2O emission. In this study, the effect of aerated irrigation and residue biochar on soil N2O emission, yield, and ion uptake of komatsuna grown in Andosol was explored. The experiment included four treatments; control (tap water irrigation), aerated water irrigation, pruning residue biochar with tap water irrigation, and a combination of aerated irrigation and biochar. The results showed that aerated irrigation had no effect on plant growth, but it also increased N2O emission by 12.3% for several days after planting. Plant ion uptake was not affected by aerated irrigation. Biochar amendment increased shoot dry weight and significantly reduced soil N2O emission by 27.9% compared with the control. Plant uptake of N and K also increased with biochar. This study showed that pruning residue biochar has the potential to mitigate N2O emission while increasing vegetable growth and plant nutrient uptake. However, the study soil, Andosol, already has high soil porosity with low bulk density. Thus, further injection of air through irrigation showed no effect on plant growth but increased N2O emission, hence soil aeration was not a limiting factor in Andosol.
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Eun, Heesoo, Eriko Yamazaki, Yu Pan, Sachi Taniyasu, Kosuke Noborio, and Nobuyoshi Yamashita. "Evaluating the Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Rice Paddy Lysimeter with an Andosol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 10379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610379.
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The properties of potential emerging persistent contaminants, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in an andosol rice paddy lysimeter were analyzed to determine their mobility and leaching behavior regarding carbon chain length and functional groups. For this purpose, simulated contaminated water (ΣPFAS = 1,185,719 ng/L) was used in the lysimeter. The results showed that PFAS distribution in the paddy soil lysimeter was influenced by the migration of these substances into irrigation water and their adsorption into the soil. PFHxS (C6) and PFOS (C8), which are the main components of the simulated contaminated water, were mostly captured in the soil layers of the low-humic andosol layer (0–35 cm). PFAS distribution may depend on soil properties, such as total carbon (TC) content. Compared with perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs), the distribution of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in soil showed significant variation. The remaining PFCAs were distributed across all layers of the lysimeter, except for the longer-chain PFCAs. Moreover, the PFSA distribution was directly correlated with the carbon chain number, whereby longer- and shorter-chain PFSAs accumulated in the top and bottom soil layers, respectively. This study provides detailed information on the distribution, leaching, uptake, and accumulation of individual PFAS in andosol paddy fields in Japan.
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Gusmaini, Gusmaini, and M. Syakir. "EFEK KALIUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SERAIWANGI / Effect of Potassium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Citronella Grass." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 26, no. 1 (August 4, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v26n1.2020.32-39.
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<p>Citronella grass nowadays are developed in the highland that dominated by Andosol soil type. Thus, it is important to find out the proper fertilizer dosage, especially potassium, for citronella grass cultivation in Andosol soil. This study aimed to obtain the optimal of potassium dosage for growth, production and quality of Citronella grass oil. It was conducted at Manoko research station in Lembang, Bandung West Java from July 2014 to August 2015. This research was arranged in randomized block design, with 5 treatments and 5 replication. The treatments consisted of 5 potassium dosages: 1) without potassium, 2) 30 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O, 2) 60 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O, 3) 90 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O, and 5) 120 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O. The application of potassium on Andosol enhanced plant growth, production and oil yield significantly. However, it did not affect the quality of citronella grass oil (citronella and oil content) significantly. The application of 30 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O in citronella grass cultivation on Andosol has the best result. The oil yield was 1.20% (the 1<sup>st</sup> harvest), 1.28% (The 2<sup>nd</sup> harvest) and 1.23% (the 3<sup>rd</sup> harvest), with yield increment 6.9-7.5%. Oil content was 1,40-1,70%. The K nutrient uptake also improved around 11.76%. Citronella content from all treatments ranged from 36.97-37.68%. This result suggested that the low dosage of potassium in Andosol was sufficient to enhance primary metabolites process (indicated by growth and yield). However, it had no direct effect on the secondary metabolite process (represented by essential oil and citronella content). Based on the soil analysis after trial, the K residues in the soil was still high. However, its availability for the plants had to be tested further.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Cymbopogon nardus</em>, citronella content, oil content, oil yield, potassium.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="BodyText22">Pengembangan tanaman seraiwangi saat ini cenderung ke daerah-daerah dataran tinggi yang umumnya didominasi oleh tanah Andosol, oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui kebutuhan pupuk terutama kalium untuk tanaman seraiwangi di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dosis K yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan, produksi dan mutu minyak sitronela yang dihasilkan dari tanaman seraiwangi. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Manoko Balittro Lembang, Jawa Barat, dimulai dari Juli 2014-Agustus 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 dosis K yaitu: 1) tanpa kalium (K1), 2) dosis 30 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O, 3) dosis 60 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O, 4) dosis 90 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O, dan 5) dosis 120 kg/ha K<sub>2</sub>O. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kalium pada tanah Andosol berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman, produksi dan rendemen, namun tidak mempengaruhi mutu minyak seraiwangi yang dihasilkan (kadar sitronela dan kadar minyak). Pemberian K sebanyak 30 kg/ha merupakan dosis terbaik dalam budidaya seraiwangi pada tanah Andosol. Rendemen yang diperoleh 1,20% (panen ke-1), 1,28% (panen ke-2) dan 1,23% (panen ke-3) dengan peningkatan sekitar 6,9-7,5%. Kadar minyak yang dihasilkan 1,40-1,70%. Peningkatan serapan hara K yang diperoleh sebesar 11,76%, dengan kadar sitronela 37,68%. Dengan demikian pemberian K pada tanah Andosol sangat diperlukan dalam proses metabolit primer (pertumbuhan dan produksi) dalam jumlah yang tidak terlalu tinggi, namun tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap proses pembentukan metabolit sekunder (kadar minyak dan kadar sitronela). Selain itu kadar K yang tersisa di dalam tanah masih cukup tinggi, namun perlu dilakukan pengujian lebih lanjut mengenai ketersediaannya bagi tanaman.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>Cymbopogon nardus</em>, kalium, kadar minyak, rendemen minyak, sitronela</p><p class="BodyText22"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p>
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Kin, Tadahiro, Naoto Araki, Md Kawchar Ahmed Patwary, Katsumi Aoki, Kosuke Yoshinami, Masaya Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Itoh, and Yukinobu Watanabe. "Production method of environmental tracer 132Cs by accelerator-based neutron." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 20002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023920002.
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Cesium-132 has proposed as an alternative tracer of 137Cs for environment study on radioactive cesium dynamics released by a nuclear power plant accident. In the present study, we conducted a production experiment of the 132Cs by means of accelerator-based neutron method to investigate production amount and radioactive purity. A 12-g Cs2CO3 sample was irradiated by the accelerator-based neutron via the C(d,n) reactions by 1.2 µA of 30-MeV deuterons. As a result, 102 kBq/g of 132Cs was obtained with higher than 98.5% radioactive purity. Following that, a feasibility study of cesium dynamics measurement in andosol soil was performed. We found distribution of absorption of cesium in andosol soil can be clearly measurable by the produced 132Cs tracer.
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Tonneijck, Femke H., Johannes van der Plicht, Boris Jansen, Jacobus M. Verstraten, and Henry Hooghiemstra. "Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador." Radiocarbon 48, no. 3 (2006): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038790.
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Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.
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Firdaus, Irvan Maulana, Diva N. M. D. Masyitoh, Tharra A. N. Azizah, and Febiyanto Febiyanto. "The Identification of Electrolyte Property of Humus-Contained Andosol Soil Using Cu-Zn Electrodes." Walisongo Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v3i2.6202.
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<p><em>This study investigated the electrolyte property of humus-contained andosol soil using Volta cell. The electrodes that are used were Cu and Zn for cathode and anode, respectively. This research was done by varying electrode area and distance between Cu and Zn electrodes. The varied electrode area was 20, 30, and 40 cm<sup>2</sup>, whereas the electrode distance was 3, 4, and 5 cm. Then, the current and voltage profiles of Volta cell system were measured using a digital multimeter. The result showed that humus-contained andosol soil has an electrolyte property. Electrolyte property of andosol soil might be due to the humus substance that has a high cationic-exchange capacity. Besides, it showed that the increase of the electrode area, the current and voltage were increased gradually. In contrast, the increase in current and voltage could be found by the decrease of electrode distance. In addition, the use of 24-Volta cells system enhancing current and voltage compared to a single cell. It suggests that the increase of current and voltage was relatively proportional to the number of Volta cell. Therefore, this research can be a reference for the identification of electrolyte property of natural or waste materials.</em></p>
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Endo, A., S. Mishima, and K. Kohyama. "Modeling nitrate leaching on a cropped Andosol." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 85, no. 1 (January 23, 2009): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9247-x.
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Velázquez López, Juan, José Pedro Juárez Sánchez, Benito Ramírez Valverde, Ignacio Ocampo Fletes, Juan Morales Jiménez, and Gustavo Ramírez Valverde. "El maíz cacahuacintle. Determinación y caracterización de zonas de cultivo en México." Revista de Geografía Agrícola, no. 67 (October 5, 2021): 000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rga.2021.67.04.
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El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar mediante modelos basados en variables agroclimáticas el potencial de regiones agrícolas con aptitud para cultivar maíz cacahuacintle (Zea mays sp) en México. Mediante agrupación estadística y análisis de conglomerados por variables de producción y valor de esta, se establecieron regiones agrícolas con potencial: alto, mediano y bajo. La extensión potencial fue 1 634 137 624 ha, ubicadas en el centro de México que representan, el 17 % de la superficie agrícola nacional y el 28 % de la superficie sembrada de maíz grano en 2020. El cacahuacintle representa un valor de 1 959 898 561 dólares. Los climas de tipo “C” con sus diferentes variaciones fueron los más frecuentes y la precipitación más recurrente fue de 800-1500 mm anuales. Los suelos más abundantes fueron: Vertisol Pélico “VP” (14.45 %) Feozem Haplico “Hh” (13.38 %), Regosol Eútrico “Re” (10.36 %), Luvisol (14.05 %); “Lf” Férrico (8.70 %) y Luvisol Crómico “Lc” (8.7 %)) y Andosol Húmico “Th” 10.18 % Andosol Ócrico, “To” 6.83 %, Andosol Mólico, “Tm”0.97 %, Litosol “lt” 4.64 %, Rendzina “E” (2.51 %), Cambisol Eutrico “Be” (3.45 %). Corresponde al 79.85 % de la superficie donde podría cultivarse. El potencial para este cultivo está en regiones de temporal del centro del país. La región uno en Michoacán-Jalisco tiene el mayor potencial, pero, se recomienda implementar políticas para la producción de cacahuacintle en regiones con menor aptitud y en donde se registró el menor ingreso económico por maíz grano.
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KIMPE, C. R. DE, and J. DEJOU. "CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON BASIC PARENT MATERIALS IN THE CANADIAN AND FRENCH SYSTEMS OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-018.
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Six profiles of soils developed on parent materials poor in SiO2 but rich in total Fe (> 10% Fe2O3), were sampled in Canada and France. In the French system of soil classification, the soils were classified as Andosols or Andic and Andic Brown soils because of their large amounts of < 50 μm particles and amorphous material, and their low bulk density related to large percentages of organic matter. All profiles contained one or more horizons that met the criteria of a Podzolic B horizon in the Canadian system of soil classification. The absence of a class for Andosols makes an appropriate classification of these soils difficult in the Canadian system. Key words: Andosols, Andic soils, Andic brown soils, podzols, soil classification
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Krause, Ariane, Thomas Nehls, Eckhard George, and Martin Kaupenjohann. "Organic wastes from bioenergy and ecological sanitation as a soil fertility improver: a field experiment in a tropical Andosol." SOIL 2, no. 2 (April 21, 2016): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-147-2016.
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Abstract. Andosols require the regular application of phosphorus (P) to sustain crop productivity. On an Andosol in NW Tanzania, we studied the short-term effects of amending standard compost, biogas slurry and CaSa compost (containing biochar and sanitized human excreta) on (i) the soil's physico-chemical properties, on (ii) biomass growth and crop productivity, and on (iii) the plants' nutrient status. The practice-oriented experiment design included the intercropping of seven locally grown crop species planted on 9 m2 plots with five repetitions arranged as a Latin rectangle. Differences in plant growth (biomass production and crop yield, e.g., of Zea mays) and crop nutrition (total C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, etc.) were related to pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), total C and the availability of nutrients (N, P, K, etc.) and water (water retention characteristics, bulk density, etc.) in the soil. None of the amendments had any significant effect on soil water availability, so the observed variations in crop yield and plant nutrition are attributed to nutrient availability. Applying CaSa compost increased the soil pH from 5.3 to 5.9 and the level of available P from 0.5 to 4.4 mg per kg. Compared to the control, adding biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost increased the aboveground biomass of Zea mays by, respectively, 140, 154 and 211 %. The grain yields of maize on soil treated with biogas slurry, standard compost and CaSa compost were, respectively, 2.63, 3.18 and 4.40 t ha−1, compared to only 1.10 t ha−1 on unamended plots. All treatments enhanced crop productivity and increased the uptake of nutrients into the maize grains. The CaSa compost was most effective in mitigating P deficiency and soil acidification. We conclude that all treatments are viable as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers. Nevertheless, further steps are required to integrate the tested soil amendments into farm-scale nutrient management and to balance the additions and removals of nutrients, so that the cycle can be closed.
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Baskoro, Dwi Putro Tejo, and Suria Darma Tarigan. "Soil Moisture Characteristics on Several Soil Types." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2007): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.9.2.77-81.
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Soil water availability is one of the important factors injluencing plant growth. Soil that can store more water in alonger time can support a better plant growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamics of soil water of four differentsoils with different characteristics. Four soils classes are clayey textured soils-Red Yellowish Podsolik Jasinga, Clayeytextured soils-Latosol Darmaga, . Sandy Textured soil-Regosol Sindang Barang, and highly organic mater content soi/sAndosolSukamantri. The result showed that at every-suction analyzed, Andosol Sukamantri had consistently highest watercontent while Regosol Sindang Barang was consistently lowest. Similar tendency wasfoundfor available water capacity. Theresult also showed that moisture content at Regosol decrease more rapidly than those of the other three soils. The time need to reach likely constant moisture content is variable with soil type; lowest at Regosol Sindangbarang (45 hours after completely saturated and drained) followed by Podsolik Jasinga (73 hours), Latosol darmaga (74 hours) and Andosol Sulcamatri (76 hours).
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Oleschko, K., G. Korvin, A. Muñoz, J. Velazquez, M. E. Miranda, D. Carreon, L. Flores, et al. "Mapping soil fractal dimension in agricultural fields with GPR." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 15, no. 5 (September 3, 2008): 711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-15-711-2008.
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Abstract. We documented that the mapping of the fractal dimension of the backscattered Ground Penetrating Radar traces (Fractal Dimension Mapping, FDM) accomplished over heterogeneous agricultural fields gives statistically sound combined information about the spatial distribution of Andosol' dielectric permittivity, volumetric and gravimetric water content, bulk density, and mechanical resistance under seven different management systems. The roughness of the recorded traces was measured in terms of a single number H, the Hurst exponent, which integrates the competitive effects of volumetric water content, pore topology and mechanical resistance in space and time. We showed the suitability to combine the GPR traces fractal analysis with routine geostatistics (kriging) in order to map the spatial variation of soil properties by nondestructive techniques and to quantify precisely the differences under contrasting tillage systems. Three experimental plots with zero tillage and 33, 66 and 100% of crop residues imprinted the highest roughness to GPR wiggle traces (mean HR/S=0.15), significantly different to Andosol under conventional tillage (HR/S=0.47).
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Hue Van, Nguyen, and Ahmad Amjad. "Arsenic reactions and brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) uptake in tropical soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 2 (February 24, 2017): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/428/2016-pse.
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In Hawaii, past use of arsenical pesticides has left elevated levels of arsenic (As) in some soils. Sorption isotherms of an Andosol and an Acrisol showed that the former required 1100 mg/kg, and the latter 300 mg/kg of added As to maintain 0.20 mg As/L in solution, the maximum allowable As level in streams/rivers in Hawaii. Greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Andosol (315 mg/kg total As), which was amended with 0, 5 g/kg compost, 5 g Fe/kg as amorphous Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>, or 250 mg P/kg as Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and on a low-As (15 mg/kg) Acrisol, which was spiked with 0, 150 or 300 mg As/kg as Na<sub>2</sub>HAsO<sub>4</sub>.7 H<sub>2</sub>O. Brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) was used as the test plant. Arsenic concentration in the fern fronds averaged 355 mg/kg in the Andosol, and 2610 and 1270 mg/kg (from consecutive plantings, 2 and 12 months after As addition, respectively) in the Acrisol spiked with 300 mg/kg of As. Chemical reactions, as suggested by sequential extractions, likely controlled the availability and uptake of soil As. Mehlich-3 extraction could be used to identify As-contaminated soils and potential phytoremediation as it correlated well with bioaccessible As and with As in fern fronds.
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Menyah, M. K., and K. Sato. "Survival of inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum in an Andosol." Biology and Fertility of Soils 23, no. 2 (August 1996): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336048.
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Hiradate, Syuntaro, Akihiro Furubayashi, Natsuyo Uchida, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by an Andosol." Journal of Environmental Quality 36, no. 1 (January 2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0415.
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Menyah, M. K., and K. Sato. "Survival of inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum in an Andosol." Biology and Fertility of Soils 23, no. 2 (September 1, 1996): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050145.
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Yamada, Kohei, Kiyoshi Ito, Tadashi Takahashi, Hitoshi Kanno, and Masami Nanzyo. "Inhibitory effect of acid Andosols on plants – is aluminum toxicity true for allophanic Andosols?" Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 57, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2011.595360.
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Widiasmadi, Nugroho. "Sistem Konservasi Pertanian pada Tanah Regosol dengan Teknologi IoT Smart Biosoildam." Prosiding Sains Nasional dan Teknologi 12, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36499/psnst.v12i1.7343.
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Tujuan dari analisis peningkatan laju infiltrasi tanah pada agroland Andosol dengan melibatkan pupuk hayati MA-11 pada Biosoildam. Sebagai kontrol adalah tanah asli tanpa dipicu aktivitas mikroba. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2020 di areal agroland bawang merah di Kecamatan Kepahiyang. Penelitian ini menggunakan double ring infiltrometer untuk mengukur infiltrasi tanah dengan tiga kali ulangan pada setiap jarak dari Biohole dan menggunakan electrolit conductor (EC) untuk mengukur kesuburan tanah dengan konsentrasi ion garam dan kemasaman tanah. Pengukuran dilakukan setiap lima menit dan periode pengamatan setiap lima belas hari selama empat puluh lima hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju infiltrasi, kapasitas infiltrasi, kesuburan & keasaman tertinggi terjadi pada tanah yang menggunakan pupuk hayati MA-11.Laju infiltrasi menunjukkan nilai konstan pada tingkat 80 sampai 110 cm/jam yang dicapai setelah hari ke-28. Sedangkan nilai EC dalam kondisi stabil dicapai pada hari ke-30 dengan nilai antara 935 - 1185 uS/cm. Sehingga aktivitas agens hayati pada tanah Andosol dengan tingkat infiltrasi akan optimal pada hari ke-33.
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Vlček, V., L. Pospíšilová, and P. Uhlík. "Mineralogy and chemical composition of Cryosols and Andosols in Antarctica." Soil and Water Research 13, No. 2 (April 13, 2018): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/231/2016-swr.
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Variations in mineralogical and elemental composition of Turbic Cryosol (King George Island and James Ross Island), Skeletic Cryosol (J. Ross Island, the Trinity Peninsula), Leptic Andosols (Deception Island), and Skeletic Andosols (Deception Island) were studied. Significant differences in mineralogical composition in size fraction, vertical and horizontal position were determined by X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis. The differences were attributed to a variable degree of chemical weathering process. As a product of weathering were defined montmorillonite, chlorite, microcrystalline polymorphous silica, Fe oxides, and oxyhydroxides. Their content was increased towards the surface and in a finer fraction. Crystal thickness and size distribution of montmorillonite was measured by the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique and the results confirmed higher intensity of chemical weathering in Turbic Cryosols (J. Ross Island and King George Island). Feldspars and volcanic glass were the main phases found in soil samples from Deception Island. They were determined as phases of parent rock and indicated low intensity of chemical weathering. Clinoptilolite was identified in soil samples from J. Ross Island and Deception Islad and its hydrothermal origin was supposed. Soil (sample AP) from Base General Bernardo O’Higgins Riquelme had significantly higher content of phosphate minerals, which was a result of ornithogenic activities. Macro elements content was consistent with mineralogical analyses. Turbic Cryosols were rich in iron, aluminium, magnesium, and manganese (> 2%). Skeletic Cryosols contained also iron, aluminium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, and sulphur (> 1%). Leptic Andosols were rich in iron and aluminium (> 2%). Soil properties and humic substances quality were evaluted. Results of chemical and physical analyses indicated that poorly developed soils of Antarctica varied in acidity, conductivity, humus content, and texture. Humic substances content and quality were low. Mainly mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering processes played major role in the soil development accompanied by low intensity of biological activity.
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Yumioka, Daisuke, Takehide Hama, Koichiro Kitamura, Satoshi Hatate, Hiroaki Ito, and Yasunori Kawagoshi. "Adsorption of Phosphorus Infiltrating Andosol in Aso Caldera, Kumamoto." Journal of Water and Environment Technology 18, no. 1 (2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-068.
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Van Ranst, E., S. R. Utami, A. Verdoodt, and N. P. Qafoku. "Mineralogy of a perudic Andosol in central Java, Indonesia." Geoderma 144, no. 1-2 (March 2008): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.12.007.
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Shintiavira, Herni, Endang Sulistyaningsih, Aziz Purwantoro, and Rani Agustina Wulandari. "Effect of the Different Soil Types on Chrysanthemum Cut Flower Quality." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.50123.
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Cultivating annual crops in the high upland has the potential to increase avalanche and land erosion. Therefore, chrysanthemum extensification from high upland to medium upland can create sustainable agriculture. The differences between high upland and medium upland are microclimate and soil type. Meanwhile, the effect of soil type between the high upland and the medium upland on the chrysanthemum spray type quality is unknown. The study aimed to determine the effect of different soil types on the quality of chrysanthemums when planted in high upland. The study used a split plot design with two factors. The first factor was the type of soil, such as Andosol from the high upland and Latosol from the medium upland. The second factor was the chrysanthemum varieties, such as Yastayuki (white flower), Arosuka Pelangi (yellow flower) and Socakawani (red flower). The results showed that both Andosol and Latosol soil types could produce the same quality of chrysanthemum in all varieties when planted in high upland. The quality aspects of chrysanthemum were the plant height, the stem diameter, the number of flowers and flower color. Consequently, we could extend the cultivation of chrysanthemum in medium upland by using Latosol type soil.
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Matsuoka-Uno, Chihiro, Toru Uno, Ryosuke Tajima, Toyoaki Ito, and Masanori Saito. "Liming and Phosphate Application Influence Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Differently in Response to Temperature Regimes in Allophanic Andosols." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020142.
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Andosols are characterized by high organic matter content and play a significant role in carbon storage. However, they have low phosphorus fertility because of the high phosphate-fixing capacity of active aluminum. For agricultural use of Andosols, it is necessary to ameliorate its poor phosphorus fertility by applying lime and high doses of phosphate fertilizers. The objective of the present study was to clarify how such soil amendments affect the mineralization of soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in allophanic Andosols under different temperature regimes. The soil was treated using combinations of liming and heavy phosphate application, followed by incubation under different temperature conditions. The N mineralization and the soil CO2 evolution rate were measured periodically. The patterns of N mineralization were analyzed by fitting them to first-order kinetics. Liming increased C and N mineralization irrespective of temperature, and the increase was further enhanced by phosphate application. Kinetic analysis of the N mineralization curve indicated lowering of the activation energy of N mineralization reactions with phosphate application, suggesting that P application may accelerate N mineralization at lower temperatures. These findings provide a basis for developing soil management strategies to reduce the loss of soil organic matter.
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Eguchi, Tetsuya, and Kenji Tamura. "Characterization of Andosols in Yakushima Island." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 58, no. 1 (February 2012): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2011.653691.
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SHOJI, SADAO, TOYOAKI ITO, MASAHIKO SAIGUSA, and ICHIRO YAMADA. "PROPERTIES OF NONALLOPHANIC ANDOSOLS FROM JAPAN." Soil Science 140, no. 4 (October 1985): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198510000-00005.
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Kleber, Markus, Christian Mikutta, and Reinhold Jahn. "Andosols in Germany—pedogenesis and properties." CATENA 56, no. 1-3 (April 2004): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2003.10.015.
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