Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Andosoil'
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Guicharnaud, Rannveig A. "Biogeochemistry of Icelandic Andosols." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for University member only until July 1, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53377.
Full textBouveret, Cécile. "Biodisponibilité relative du chlordécone de l'andosol et du nitisol chez les animaux d'élevage monogastriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0253/document.
Full textChlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine pesticide used in the French West Indies against black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. This pesticide was banned in 1993, because of the toxicity and persistence of this compound in the environment. However, several studies indicated that the population is already exposed to chlordecone (contaminated blood and maternal milk, chlordecone transfer to the mother from the child, memory delay in child and risk to the prostate cancer) particularly by food ingestion. Since 2008, European Regulation °396/2005 is applied in French West Indies (maximal limit fixed at 10 and 20 µg chlordecone/kg of fresh weight in liver and egg and at 100 µg chlordecone /kg of fat in fat). Soils of banana crops previously treated by chlordecone (mainly andosols, nitisols, ferrisols) are still contaminated and are the major source of contamination of food products. Andosol contains allophane clay structure which allows a high microporosity with the formation of particle aggregates in a pattern repeated at different scales. chlordecone would be strongly trapped by this micropores structure and supposed to be strongly retained. Nitisol contains halloysite clayed structure composed to the clay layers superposition with a low porosity. Our hypothesis is that chlordécone is less retained by nitisol than by andosol. Monogastric animals reared outside (pig, poultry) may involuntary ingest soil. It has been shown that hen can ingest soil amounts corresponding to 25 % of the daily ration in the case of vegetation reduction and of nutritional imbalance. Soil ingestion by pig was less studied. In the frame of this research work, we determined andosol and nitisol capacities to retain chlordecone during the digestive process. The relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone in monogastric farm animals (laying hen and juvenile swine) was established. The relative bioavailability determination consists to the slope comparison between the response (concentrations of chlordecone in animal matrices) obtained with increasing chlordecone doses via andosol or nitisol and the response obtained with the same chlordecone ingestion doses via a reference matrix (oil). Results showed that andosol and nitisol did not reduce the chlordecone bioavailability. Thus, relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone was considered to be equal to 100% in laying hen and in juvenile swine. chlordecone was extracted during the digestive process and was absorbed by the monogastric animals. Thus, soil-bound chlordecone is directly assimilated by monogastric farm animals. Concentrations of chlordecone in animal products (liver, fat, egg) exceeded maximal limits for a chlordecone ingestion at least equal to 6.8 µg chlordecone/day/kg of body weight. Since 10% of agricultural soils are contaminated with at least 1 mg/kg, the ingestion of 17% of soil in the daily food ration will result in animal products not acceptable for human consumption. Therefore, it is important to characterize the risk livestock farming practices in order to limit the contamination of food products
Checkouri, Isabelle. "Cinétique de fixation du phosphate par un andosol de l'île de la Réunion." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT007A.
Full textChabrier, Christian. "Survie et dissémination du nématode Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne dans les sols bruns-rouilles à halloysites (nitisols) : effets de l'état hydrique et des flux hydriques." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697213.
Full textCastillo, Zepeda Lorena, and Salazar María Guadalupe Corral. "Afectaciones a las características físicas y químicas de un suelo Andosol por cultivo de papa (solanum tuberosum) en la comunidad de Ojo de Agua, Zinacantepec." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/58721.
Full textEl presente estudio se realizó en la localidad de Ojo de Agua, Zinacantepec. Se evaluaron las propiedades físico-químicas en un monocultivo de Solanum tuberosum (papa).
Menieux, Jean-Jacques. "Exploration de réponses métaboliques des andosols soumis à des durées brèves d'incubation." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112040.
Full textAndosols proceed from volcanic ashes. Their originality lies in the presence of allophane, a clay which is amorphous to X-rays and with a net positive charge. This mineral colloïd, through its very strong retention power towards anions and its hydratation capacity, regulates the energy flux in this type of soil very efficiently. The energetical anions are thus removed from the microbial catabolism. The same holds true with enzymes, and among them, the dehydrogenases adsorbed by the colloïd complex. An input of mineral P releases these two groups of substances. Research has been done on samples from la Réunion and the great Comoro Islands. These investigations have been essentially oriented in three directions: water-exchange capacity of andosols as 1inked to the relations between C mineralization and the physical ambiental conditions, the effect of a Pm input on dehydrogenase activity. The exploration covers short incubation periods from 1h to 5d. This first phase, little explored, proves that there are original metabolic rearrangements and not simply a chronological prefiguration of the results obtained on longer terms: 5 to 35d. For that purpose, original incubation chambers have been constructed. The results thus obtained yielded a coherent whole which demonstrated the complexity of equilibria around the allophane and which allows us to express recommendations related to agricultural practice towards an improved development of these soils
Menieux, Jean-Jacques. "Exploration de réponses métaboliques des andosols soumis à des durées brèves d'incubation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376162922.
Full textPrado, Pano Blanca Lucia. "Etude du mouvement de l'eau et du transfert réactif du nitrate dans les sols volcaniques du bassin versant élémentaire de la Loma, Mexique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10083.
Full textUnderstanding nitrate fate processes in the volcanic soils of an elementary catchment "La Loma", is necessary to evaluate the impact of agricultural activities on the water quality and to define strategies to protect the water resources of the Valle de Bravo basin. This agricultural basin provides 15% of drinking water supplied to the metropolitan zone of Mexico City. The soil of "La Loma" is an Andosol, with a mineralogy characterized by amorphous constituents like allophane. The soil presents variable charge; where allophane and organic matter are the main contributors. Nitrate adsorption in the soil, studied in a static way and dynamic way, is linear and instantaneous in the concentrations range studied (4 to 20 mM). Soil structure and pore network geometry strongly influence the fate of dissolved nutrients. Solute transport through packed and intact columns shows two different behaviors: physical equilibrium and non-physical equilibrium respectively. Tillage practices affect the structure and the pore network of the first 30 cm of the soil profile. Infiltrometry tests highlighted two different behaviors in the soil profile: at the soil surface none of the analysis methods gave good results due to the high spatial variability of the soil properties following the agricultural practices; in depth the hydraulic conductivity varies from 0. 006
Campos, Mateus Ana Carolina. "Sistemas de alteração e gênese de solos em piroclastos da ilha de Trindade, Atlântico sul." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT2255.
Full textThis study aimed to characterize the alteration features comprising the genesis and formation of soils on pyroclasts of Trindade Island (TI), South Atlantic, Brazil. Collections of samples were made at the Holocene Paredão volcano (Profile P1) and the Late Quartenary Morro Vermelho Formation (profiles P2, P3 and P4). The pyroclasts of P1 and P2 are volcanic breccia deposit, whereas of P3 is a lapilli deposit. P4 presents fragments of rocks with mineralogical composition different from other profiles suggesting another event of deposition of pyroclastic bombs. The eruptions associated can be regarded as strombolians. Optical microscope supported by X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a mixture of biotite, goethite, ilmenite, anatase, magnetite, hematite, pyroxene, zeolites, and olivine as their main mineral components. Petrologic analysis shows sideromelane that changes to palagonite, indicating a phreatomagmatic eruption. Infrared analyses in the palagonitized regions revealed the presence of halloysite, suggesting alteration of sideromelane to tubular clay minerals. Amygdales and microfractures are partially or totally filled with zeolites, which are formed by the percolation of water that reacts with the palagonite and precipitation of chemical elements of hydrothermal fluid. Iddingsite and Ti-magnetites occur in the fractures and edges of the olivine. The advance of the alteration towards the soil profile, leaving only relicts of olivine or reaching their total transformation in the upper horizons, shows that weathering is the main process of iddingsite formation. Some Ti-magnetites are zoned with Cr-rich core and Cr-poor edge, suggesting a mantelic origin. The augite and diopside explain the high trace elements contents. Geochemical data show that the pyroclasts are plotting in the ultrabasic and foidites. The soils of P1 and P2 show, respectively, A, Bi, C and decapitated A, C horizons; and P3 and P4 show A and C horizons. The soil profiles show a reddish and brownish clayey matrix and are friable with a plastic consistency. Their microstructures are granular, simple grain and intergrain microaggregate and, the aggregates show undifferentiated b-fabric. The mineralogical constituents of the bulk fraction are biotite, hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, pyroxene, olivine, halloysite, goethite, anatase and rutile. The clay fraction is marked by presence of halloysite, ferrihydrite and little amounts of allophane. All soils can to be classified as non-allophanic Andosols. The predominance of halloysite formed by alteration of sideromelane, suggests that allophane would be an intermediate phase of this rapid transformation favored by climate conditions of the TI. Total geochemistry showed that in all profiles Al, Fe and Ti accumulate due to their low mobility and Ca, Na, K and Mg are the most intensely leached. The profiles located at the lower quotas have higher K and Mg values in A horizon due to the influence of salt sprays and the deposition of chemical elements from the higher regions. Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, Zr, S were enriched in soil profiles P1 and P3 due to loss of mobile elements during the soil formation process. Zn and Cu concentrate on A horizon of profiles P3 and P4 with higher concentration of organic matter and fragments of unaltered pyroclasts. Leaching of the rare earth elements from higher to the lower slope led to the enrichment of these elements, especially the light rare earth elements, in the low-lying soil. The high-altitude profile showed Ce positive anomaly due to longer exposure to weathering
Vaksmann, Michel. "Etude du fonctionnement hydrique des andosols et des sols andiques de l'île de La Réunion." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376104716.
Full textBelhadj, Brahim Ali. "Influence des constituants alumineux et ferriques non cristallins sur les cycles du carbone et de l'azote dans les sols montagnards acides." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376027521.
Full textTardieu, Rachel. "Effets de pratiques agroforestières et agricoles sur le rendement du haricot et la disponibilité du phosphore dans un andosol du Costa Rica." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44969.pdf.
Full textEspiau, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du complexe absorbant des sols acides à charges mixtes : application aux andosols du Velay." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20193.
Full textEspiau, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du complexe absorbant des sols acides à charges mixtes application aux andosols du Velay." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375973802.
Full textAran, Delphine. "Andosolisation dans les Hautes Vosges : conditions de développement et comparaison avec les autres processus de pédogenèse." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0086_ARAN.pdf.
Full textDuring the last few years, the Andosol concept has undergone significant modifications leading to the setting up of new definition and classification rules by the international commissions. In the Vosges mountains, where sorne soils with andic features have been studied in the past, the use of these criteria coupled with a field survey shows the presence of Andosols. The limiting factors and the necessary conditions for andosolisation in the Vosges, where brunification and podzolisation usually prevail, have been established by a precise characterisation of these soils, a study of the processes occuring within them and a comparison with other soils from the Vosges or with Andosols from other areas. Andosols from the Vosges have low contents of allophanes and high amounts of stable and immobile organo-metallic complexes, but they show a weak stage of development and the y cover only a small area. Andosol formation needs the union of favourable climatic conditions and parent rock: the former can only be found in the highest parts of the moutains, where humid conditions allow mineraI weathering and cold temperatures reduce the mineralisation of organic matter by biological activity. In such environments, andosolisation needs basic rocks with high amounts of weatherable mineraIs. The chemical composition of the parent rock appears to be the main factor governing pedogenesis. The development stage of the process is mainly governed by the rock's texture, mineralogy and compactness. The absence of loose pyroclastic materials rich in glass can explain some particularities of this andosolisation: weak development and absence of allophanes
Hergoualc'H, Kristell. "Emissions de gaz à effet de serre par le sol et stockage de carbone en caféiculture conduite sur des Andosols en climat tropical." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268011.
Full textHergoualc'h, Kristell. "Emissions de gaz à effet de serre par le sol et stockage de carbone en caféiculture conduite sur des andosols en climat tropical." Montpellier SupAgro, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSAM0002.
Full textCoffee plantations represent 7. 5% of the world’s permanent crops and generally use large amounts of N fertilizer (up to 350 kg N ha-1 y-1). Coffee is often grown under the shade of N fixing trees. The contribution of N fixing plants to N2O emissions is a growing concern in the sustainable development framework. To date results in the literature are contradictory. We, therefore, studied the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance in two highly fertilized (250 kg N ha-1 y-1) coffee plantations, in Costa Rica: a monoculture and a plantation shaded by the N2 fixing legume species Inga densiflora. We periodically measured soil fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2, their edaphic determinants (gravimetric moisture, water-filled pore space, temperature and mineral nitrogen content) and soil N mineralization rates. In addition, we characterized, in the laboratory, the biological parameters of nitrification-denitrification and their related N2O and N2 production in order to simulate continuous N2O emissions using the models NGAS and NOE for a one year period. We also assessed soil C dynamic and C accumulation in biomass and litter. Our measurements showed a very large contribution of fertilizer induced N2O emissions, on average 77%, to the annual budgets (4. 3 ± 0. 3 and 5. 8 ± 0. 5 kg N2O-N ha-1 y-1, in the monoculture and the shaded plantation, respectively). The fertilizations also temporarily increased soil respiration rates. The low values of the biological activities (notably denitrification potentials < 1 kg N ha-1 d-1) explained that the observed N2O fluxes were always smaller than 300 g N ha-1 d-1 in environmental conditions yet favourable to N2O production (high soil temperature, moisture and nitrate content). The similarity of the biological activities measured in both coffee plantations and also the similar annual N2O budgets derived through measurements and modelling suggests only a small magnitude effect of the N2 fixing legume tree species on N2O emissions. The sum of soil non CO2 GHG fluxes and C storage in the shaded culture (11. 93 ± 2. 17 Mg CO2-equivalent ha-1 y-1) was 4 times larger than the total GHG balance in the monoculture (2. 67 ± 1. 94 Mg CO2-equivalent ha-1 y-1). Our results therefore confirm that coffee grown in an agroforestry system, on an Andosol, increases the GHG sink and that, for the current context, the use of an N2 fixing legume species as shade tree does not contradict this observation
Anez-Borges, Liz. "Relación estructura-permeabilidad de medios porosos para el estudio de la captación de carbono en suelos alofánicos." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20123.
Full textAllophanic soils exhibit an outstanding carbon concentration. This ability of the soil for carbon sequestration is associated to the allophane content. Allophane is a porous mineral with a high specific surface, small pores and fractal geometry. The influence of allophane special structure on its ability for carbon sequestration was studied and it was argued that due to large specific surface, small pore size, fractal and consequently tortuous structure, the permeability at the scale of the allophane aggregates would be low. Therefore, possible exchange between carbon species located in or near allophane aggregates and other species or microbial biomass would be difficult, so carbon stay in the soil. In order to establish correlation between the sequestration mechanism and the structure properties, composite gel have been synthesized varying the concentration of aerosil. They were models of the allophonic soils. In the gel coexist a colloidal phase of aerosil particles and a phase of polymeric gel formed by condensation of TEOS which behave as the allophane aggregates. The results show that adding aerosil tends to weaken the polymeric phase. The measurement of permeability was carried out using a gas as fluid. The permeability increase as the aerosil charge increase too, and the polymeric gel disappears. In analogy with the allophanic soils, a higher content of the aggregates of allophane imply a reduction of permeability and therefore, a reduction of available carbon. In consequence, the carbon deposited in the pores stays there trapped for long time, which means it remains sequestrated
Poulenard, Jérôme. "Les sols des Páramos d'Équateur sur couverture pyroclastique : diversité, genèse et propriétés physiques." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0197_POULENARD.pdf.
Full textChen, Chuangming 1960. "Andisols of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276760.
Full textLemenih, Mulugeta. "Effects of land use changes on soil quality and native flora degradation and restoration in the highlands of Ethiopia : implications for sustainable land management /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s306.pdf.
Full textDe, Junet Alexis. "Caractérisation et dynamique des matières organiques stabilisées au sein des complexes organo-minéraux de sols tropicaux, Ile de La Réunion." La Réunion, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LARE0019.
Full textInteractions between mineral phases and soil organic matter (SOM) lead to the formation of organo-mineral complexes (OM/Micplx), which protect SOM against biodegradation. These OM/Micplx are poorly studied while they have a preponderant role in soil organic carbon (C) storage. Our work focused on (i) the characterization of SOM bound to mineral phases and (ii) the evaluation of C dynamics within OM/Micplx. We studied three different tropical soils which come from La Reunion island (hydric Andosol, Andosol and Cambisol). SOM were analyzed with pyrolitic and spectroscopic method. Our results shown that polysaccharids, lipids and N-compounds (proteins and/or amino acids) were strongly present in OM/Micplx, contrary to lignin. SOM associated with iron oxides have a turn-over higher than SOM associated with aluminosilicates poorly crystallized and SOM associated with gibbsite. Overall, origin and turnover of SOM changed according to the type of mineral phases with which they were bound to
Caner, Laurent. "Les sols humifères des Hautes Terres du massif des Nilgiri en Inde du Sud : formation d'andosols sur une ancienne couverture ferrallitique en relation avec les évolutions climatiques des derniers millénaires." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10009.
Full textHigh elevation humiferous soils from the Nilgiri Hills may be considered as the result of a polycyclic genesis: the ferrallitic regoliths corresponding to an old pedogenesis under a tropical wet and hot climate; the present pedogenesis concerning only the surface humiferous horizons. The most humiferous soils are marked by the presence of high amounts of organo-metallic complexes and verify the criteria of identification of Andosols in recent soils classifications and are moreover non-allophanic. The Nilgiri Andosols developed on an ancient ferrallitic material present and original pedogenesis. In the absence of volcanic glasses and any other weatherable minerals the potential sources of aluminium and iron to form the organometallic complexes are the secondary oxides. Gibbsite and iron oxides, considered as stable minerals of ferrallitic weathering, are instable in acidic conditions and in presence of organic matter. Due to high amounts of oxides the organo-metalllic associations are provided with a substantial metallic charge which leads to the emergence of andic properties. 14C datings and δ13C of soil organic matter revealed that the formation of the organic matter-rich horizons was related to the existence of a cold period at the transition Pleistocene / Holocene with grassland vegetation. The study of these soils gives information on the processes of organic matter accumulation in soils at different periods and show that the characterisation of the organo-metallic complexes at different scales allows to understand the interactions of the organic matter with metallic-cations which is the key process of its stabilisation
Salmerón-Miranda, Francisco. "Nitrogen use in a maize-bean rotation in Nicaragua : effects of organic and mineral fertilisers /." Uppsala : Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200896.pdf.
Full textCaner, Laurent. "LES SOLS HUMIFERES DES “HAUTES TERRES” DU MASSIF DES NILGIRI EN INDE DU SUDFORMATION D'ANDOSOLS SUR UNE ANCIENNE COUVERTURE FERRALLITIQUE EN RELATION AVEC LES EVOLUTIONS CLIMATIQUES DES DERNIERS MILLENAIRES." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259491.
Full textLes sols les plus humifères sont caractérisés par la présence de grandes quantités d'associations organo-métalliques et vérifient les nouveaux critères d'appartenance aux Andosols des classifications des sols et sont, de plus, non-allophaniques.
Les Andosols des Nilgiri, développés sur un matériau ferrallitique ancien, présentent une pédogenèse originale. En l'absence de verres volcaniques et d'autres minéraux altérables dans le matériau ferrallitique de profondeur, les sources potentielles d'aluminium et de fer sont constituées par des oxydes. La gibbsite et les oxydes de fer, considérés comme minéraux ultimes de l'altération ferrallitique, sont instables en milieu acide et organique. La formation des associations organo-métalliques est due à l'acido-complexolyse de la gibbsite et des oxydes de fer. Du fait des fortes teneurs en oxydes, les associations organo-métalliques sont pourvues d'une forte charge métallique et s'accumulent dans le profil, ce qui conduit à l'apparition des propriétés andiques.
Les datations au 14C et la détermination du delta13C des horizons humifères ont mis en évidence que l'accumulation de matière organique était à relier à l'existence d'une période plus froide à la fin du Pléistocène sous une végétation graminéenne.
L'étude de ces sols présente un intérêt certain pour la compréhension des processus d'accumulation de carbone dans les sols à différentes époques, et montre que la caractérisation des associations organo-métalliques à différentes échelles permet de comprendre les mécanismes d'interaction entre la matière organique et les cations métalliques, clé de la stabilisation de la matière organique.
"Acid neutralization and sulphur retention in s-impacted andosols." Université catholique de Louvain, 2005. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-05042005-175247/.
Full textKrejčová, Soňa. "Pedogeneze na mladých vulkanitech Česka." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296811.
Full textHerre, Andrea Franziska [Verfasser]. "Acid buffering and sulfate retention in SO2-impacted andosols : a multi-methodological approach / von Andrea Franziska Herre." 2009. http://d-nb.info/99433964X/34.
Full textTaylor, Terri Storm. "Some mineralogical, physical and chemical properties of volcanically affected soils under irrigated sugarcane in Tanzania." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10515.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.
Pangrác, Jan. "Hodnocení způsobů výsadeb dřevin na degradovaných půdách v oblasti Awassa Zuria Woreda v jižní Etiopii." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-428100.
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