Journal articles on the topic 'Andalusia (Spain) – Social conditions – History'
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1
Manan, Nuraini A. "Kemajuan dan Kemunduran Peradaban Islam di Eropa (711M-1492M)." Jurnal Adabiya 21, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/adabiya.v21i1.6454.
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Spain is more commonly known as Andalusia, the Andalusia comes from the word Vandalusia, which means the country of the Vandals, because the southern part of the Peninsula was once ruled by the Vandals before they were defeated by Western Gothia in the fifth century. This area was ruled by Islam after the rulers of The Umayyah seized the peninsula's land from the West Gothies during the time of the Caliph Al-Walid ibn Abdul Malik. Islam entered Spain (Cordoba) in 93 AH (711 AD) through the North African route under the leadership of Tariq bin Ziyad who led the Islamic army to conquer Andalusia. Before the conquest of Spain, Muslims had taken control of North Africa and made it one of the provinces from the Umayyad Dynasty. Full control of North Africa took place in the days of Caliph Abdul Malik (685-705 AD). Conquest of the North African region first defeated until becoming one of the provinces of the Umayyad Caliph spent 53 years, starting from 30 H (Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan's reign) to 83 H (al-Walid's period). Before being defeated and then ruled by Islam, in this region there were sacs which became the basis of the power of the Roman Empire, namely the Gothic Kingdom. In the process of conquering Spain there were three Islamic heroes who could be said to be the most effective in leading units of troops there. They are Tharif ibn Malik, Tariq ibn Ziyad, and Musa ibn Nushair. Subsequent territorial expansion emerged during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn Abdil Aziz in the year 99 AH/717 AD, with the aim of controlling the area around the Pyrenian mountains and South France. The second largest invasion of the Muslims, whose movement began at the beginning of the 8th century AD, has reached all of Spain and reached far to Central France and important parts of Italy. The victories achieved by Muslims appear so easy. It cannot be separated from the existence of external and internal factors. During the conquest of Spain by Muslims, the social, political and economic conditions of this country were in a sad state. Politically, the Spanish region was torn apart and divided into several small countries. At the same time, the Gothic rulers were intolerant of the religious beliefs adopted by the rulers, namely the Monophysites, especially those who adhered to other religions, Jews. Adherents of Judaism, the largest part of the Spanish population, were forced to be baptized to Christianity. Those who are unwilling brutally tortured and killed. The people are divided into the class system, so that the situation is filled with poverty, oppression, and the absence of equality. In such situations, the oppressed await the arrival of the liberator and the liberator was from Muslims. Warrior figures and Islamic soldiers who were involved in the conquest of Spain are strong figures, their soldiers are compact, united, and full of confidence. They are also capable, courageous, and resilient in facing every problem. Equally important are the teachings of Islam shown by the Islamic soldiers, like tolerance, brotherhood, and help each other. The attitude of tolerance of religion and brotherhood contained in the personalities of the Muslims caused the Spanish population to welcome the presence of Islam there. Since the first time Islam entered in the land of Spain until the collapse of the last Islamic empire was about seven and half centuries, Islam played a big role, both in fields of intellectual progress (philosophy, science, fiqh, music and art, language and literature) and the splendor of physical buildings (Cordova and Granada). The long history passed by Muslims in Spain can be divided into six periods. Spanish Muslims reached the peak of progress and glory rivaled the glory of the Abbasid sovereignty in Baghdad. Abdurrahman Al-Nasir founded the Cordova University. He preceded Al-Azhar Cairo and Baghdad Nizhamiyah.
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Djurfeldt, Göran. "Classes as Clients of the State: Landlords and Labourers in Andalusia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 35, no. 1 (January 1993): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500018296.
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This is a study of landlordism, agricultural labourers, and the State of Andalusia in southern Spain. This region, a classical case of landlordism, deviates from the typically West European agrarian structure dominated by the family farm. Andalusia's history centers on the conflict over land between a majority of landless peasants and a minority of powerful landlords, which was one of the main causes of the Spanish civil war. This study deals with two periods covering nearly fifty years of this latifundist system and its conflictridden relations of production. It examines the freezing of the agrarian structure for nearly forty years by the dictatorship of Francisco Franco and the adaptation of social and agrarian policy for the next ten years by the socialists. In other words, this is the story of how the agricultural laborers of Andalusia were transformed in less than one-half century from “peasants without land” to “clients of the welfare state” dependent on the social policies of the state.
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Massó Guijarro, Ester. "Transnational Baye-fallism." African Diaspora 9, no. 1-2 (2016): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00901007.
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This article examines the transformation of the Baye-fall movement (Baye-fallism, henceforth), a particular form of Senegalese Muridism, as it extends into the Senegalese diaspora. In particular, the article explores shifts in understandings of what it means to be a ‘good’ Baye-fall, as Senegalese migrants in Spain become confronted with hostility in their new social context, and as the need for spiritual engagement and community belonging intensifies. Starting with the origins of Baye-fallism as a Sufi heterodoxy in Senegal, the paper then focuses on Senegalese migrants in Lavapiés (Madrid, Spain) and in Granada (Andalusia, Spain). The central argument is that in this diasporic context, adhesion to Baye-fallism becomes more intense, and that the performance of Sufi orthodoxy takes on new meaning, which also informs discussions about being a ‘good’ Baye-fall in Senegal.
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Thompson, Kirrilly. "Narratives of Tradition." Social Science History 34, no. 4 (2010): 523–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011421.
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In this article I consider the bottom-up, narrative process through which traditions are invented, using rejoneo (mounted bullfighting) as a case study. I explore the construction of rejoneo as “the newest but also the oldest” form of bullfighting. To understand this apparent contradiction, I synthesize “narratives of tradition” with Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger's (1995 [1983]) “invented tradition.” In doing so, I consider rejoneo through multiple and overlapping narratives structured into historical “chapters” with common narrative elements of heroes, villains, tragic downfalls, and triumphant comebacks. These narratives are contextualized in periods of intense social, political, and economic transformation in Spain over the past three centuries. This article combines a review of the lay and expert understandings of the history of the Spanish bullfight with ethnographic fieldwork undertaken with mounted bullfighters in Andalusia from 2000 and 2001. It redresses a significant lack of attention to the mounted bullfight in relation to the footed bullfight, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive literature of bullfighting in Spain. Moreover, this article provides a model for understanding that one of the ways traditions are invented is through narratives of tradition, contextualized by the wider social, political, and economic forces emphasized by the invented traditions approach.
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Calama-González, C. M., R. Escandón, A. Alonso, Á. L. León-Rodríguez, and R. Suárez. "Building Assessment and Statistical Characterisation of the Mediterranean Social Housing Stock in Southern Spain." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1050, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1050/1/012020.
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Abstract Given that the existing residential buildings are expected to become a huge part of the future stock due to their low replacement rate, retrofitting plans are crucial to meet 2030 and 2050 energy efficiency targets. Notwithstanding, an extensive assessment of the current energy and thermal performance of the stock must be conducted prior to the proposal of energy saving measures in order to properly tackle the retrofit process. Thus, the analysis and characterisation of the existing buildings under real variability conditions through statistical techniques is key to provide useful information at the stock level, instead of the most commonly single-building level approach. In the presented study, a statistical analysis on the most predominant variability ranges of the social housing stock of southern Spain (Andalusia) is carried out. Efforts are focused on the building characterisation of the linear block typology. To do so, an extensive database, which contains information on slightly under 39,500 social dwellings, is analysed. The conclusions reported in this study may be implemented into the construction of real case building archetypes through bottom-up building stock modelling techniques with the objective of assessing the real energy and thermal performance of the existing stock, providing useful information for public stakeholders.
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Conversi, Daniele, and Matthew Machin-Autenrieth. "The Musical Bridge—Intercultural Regionalism and the Immigration Challenge in Contemporary Andalusia." Genealogy 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4010005.
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The ideals of tolerance and cultural exchange associated with the interfaith past of Muslim Spain (al-Andalus) have become a symbol for Andalusian regionalism and for the integration of Moroccan communities. Nowhere is this more keenly felt than in the context of music. In cities such as Granada, Moroccan and Spanish musicians actively promote the ideals of intercultural dialogue through the performance of repertoires such as flamenco and Arab-Andalusian music that allegedly possess a shared cultural history. In this article, we examine the interrelationship between music and ‘intercultural regionalism’, focusing on how music is used by public institutions to ground social integration in the discourse of regionalism. Against a backdrop of rising Islamophobia and the mobilization of right-wing populist and anti-immigration rhetoric both within Spain and internationally, the authors consider how music can be used to promote social integration, to overcome Islamophobia and to tackle radicalization. We advance two arguments. First, we argue that the musical interculturalism promoted by a variety of institutions needs to be understood within the wider project of Andalusian regionalism. Here, we note that musical integration of Spain’s cultural and historical ‘Other’ (Moroccans) into Andalusian society is promoted as a model for how Europe can overcome the alleged ‘death of multiculturalism’. The preferential way to achieve this objective is through ‘intercultural regionalism’, envisioned as the combination of regional identity-building and intercultural interactions between communities that share a common cultural heritage. Second, we assess some of the criticism of the efficacy of al-Andalus as a model for contemporary intercultural exchange. Combining approaches in political science and ethnomusicology, we focus on one case study, the Fundación Tres Culturas (FTC). Through interviews with figures within the FTC, we examine why this model has become partly insufficient and how it is borne out in the sorts of musical activities programmed by FTC that seek to move beyond the ‘andalusí’ myth. We conclude by recognizing the continuing regional and international importance of this myth but we question its integrating capacity at a time of radical political, economic and environmental upheaval.
7
Affan, Muhammad. "Peperangan Proxy, Mozarab, dan Cordova Dalam Sejarah Umayyah II Di Andalusia." JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/j.v2i1.1546.
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<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the history of Umayyad II in Andalusia, Spain. The results of the study are expected to contribute historical-based thinking in the development of Islamic studies and social-humanities studies. The method used in this study is the method of historical research through literature review. From the study, it is concluded that Umayyad II prefers to align with the Byzantine on the basis of the political interests of power rather than the fraternal brethren of Muslims.</em> <em>Umayyad II is also more oriented towards Arabization than the Islamization of the Andalusian region as evidenced by the emergence of the Mozarab social class and the highly civilized city of Cordova</em>. <em>So it can be understood further that the presence of Umayyad II rule in Andalusia is not a direct cause of the spread of Islam in the region.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> proxy warfare, Mozarab, Cordova, Umayyad Andalusia</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Intisari</em></strong></p><p><em>Artikel berikut bertujuan untuk menguraikan peperangan proxy, mozarab dan kota Cordova dalam sejarah Umayyah II di Andalusia, Spanyol. Hasil kajian diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan pemikiran berbasis sejarah dalam pengembangan studi-studi Islam dan studi sosial humaniora. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam kajian adalah metode penelitian sejarah melalui kajian literatur. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Umayyah II lebih memilih beraliansi dengan Byzantine atas dasar kepentingan politik kekuasaan ketimbang persaudaraan sesama Muslim. Umayyah II juga lebih berorientasi pada usaha arabisasi daripada islamisasi wilayah Andalusia yang dibuktikan dengan kemunculan kelas sosial mozarab dan kota Cordova yang berperadaban tinggi. Sehingga dapat difahami lebih jauh bahwa kehadiran kekuasaan Umayyah II di Andalusia tidak menjadi sebab langsung penyebaran agama Islam di wilayah tersebut.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci:</em></strong><em> peperangan proxy, mozarab, cordova, Umayyah Andalusia</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
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Koroleva, Alina. "Cultural policy of regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía)." Latin-American Historical Almanac 36, no. 1 (November 19, 2022): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2022-36-1-59-75.
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The Andalusian Culture and public cultural policy in the last 40 years was hold as a construction of the autonomous community in the context of the transition to democracy and the construction a new cultural administration. Under the cul-tural policy of the Junta of Andalusia, the infrastructural ac-tivities of the autonomous community in the field of culture and art, expressed in the form of protection and stimulation of the development of the cultural sector in the region by providing guarantees and creating favorable framework socio-political conditions for them, are considered. The cultural policy in Andalusia over the past forty years is not difficult to describe. As in all of Spain, culture was included in the con-struction of the Andalusian autonomy. At the same time, this was due to the urgent need to create a cultural administration that would contribute to the creation of the Andalusian cultur-al system. All this, moreover, had to be done quickly. Two directions of cultural policy were formed, as it were: trans-versal and sectoral. The transversal direction began to take shape from the very beginning, as it was necessary to form a new generation of civil servants, managers in the field of cul-ture, focused on the political aspects of cultural policy, the task was to attract different social groups to the field of culture, access to which was previously limited. The second direction was a response to the external challenges of subsequent years, associated with the growth of cultural activity provoked by the Junta and the building of public-private partnerships in the industry.
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Hrushka, Viktor V., Nataliya A. Horozhankina, Zoya V. Boyko, Maxim V. Korneyev, and Natalia A. Nebaba. "Transport infrastructure of Spain as a factor in tourism development." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112139.
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This article considers features of functioning of a modern transport network. Transport is an important area of infrastructure supply for the population and the state economy, the key function of which is the movement of people and goods. The current transport complex is subject to contradictory trends: as an infrastructure industry, transport is located in a position dependent on the production of social goods, and as a special sector of the economy, transport has an important impact on the regional location of production capacity and participates in the process of reproduction part of the system of economic relations. The importance of transport infrastructure in the economy, its development and operating conditions are difficult to overestimate. After all, it is the basis of the supporting framework of territorial social systems of any level. On the current state, level and opportunities for the development of the transport infrastructure depends not only the social and economic growth of territorial economic systems, but also their spatial development. Tourism plays a significant role in the development of transport infrastructure. Europe is one of the most attractive regions for tourists in the world. In turn, Spain is one of the most popular destinations for tourists from around the world as well as for European tourists. Spain plays an important role in tourist traffic in Europe. This is facilitated by its efficient transport and geographical location, developed production infrastructure, as well as historical aspects. Spain is a key country of transit by air and sea with the Americas. The flat terrain promotes the development of road and rail passenger transport across the centre of the country. And given the attractiveness to tourists and direction of tourist flows to the regions of the country, the study of geographical features of transport infrastructure is quite relevant. The peculiarities of the functioning and formation of the transport infrastructure of Spain are considered. The geographical features of the development of the infrastructure of railway, road and sea and air transport of Spain are analyzed. As for the terminals in the regions of Spain, their number also corresponds to the number of airports. Therefore, the largest number of terminals is in the Canary Islands – 9 (all airports have one terminal, except Lanzarote). There are 8 terminals in the airports of Andalusia, where all airports except Malaga have one terminal, in Malaga there are three. The two Madrid airports have 6 terminals, but 5 of them are located at the country's main airport – Madrid-Barajas. Catalonia's airports have 5 terminals, two of which are located in Barcelona El Prat. There are 4 terminals in Galicia – one each in Vigo and La Coruna and two in Santiago de Compostela. There are 4 terminals in Galicia – one each in Vigo and La Coruna and two in Santiago de Compostela. In all other regions, the number of terminals is proportional to the number of airports. An assessment of the level of development of transport infrastructure for tourism in the regions of Spain was conducted. On the basis of quantitative indicators of the analysis of the transport infrastructure of Spain, a point assessment of the level of development of the transport infrastructure of the country’s regions for the needs of tourism was carried out. Administrative units are divided into 5 groups: with the highest, high, sufficient, medium and low level of development of transport infrastructure for tourism. Transport infrastructure is most developed in the tourist regions of the country – Catalonia, Andalusia, Madrid, the Canary and Balearic Islands.
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Borderías, Cristina. "Conflict over Women’s Working Times on the Eve of Industrialisation: Spanish Social Reformers’ Surveys at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 15, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.20443.
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During the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Spain experienced growing social instability. The worsening working conditions stimulated social conflict and the rise of the labour movement. In this context, the first voices in favour of state intervention in conflicts between capital and labour arose among the reformist intellectual elite. One of the first social policy measures undertaken by the state was the creation, in 1883, of the Comisión de Reformas Sociales (Commission for Social Reforms, CRS) as a consultative and advisory institution of the government on social issues. Under the influence of positivist methods of empirical sociology, the commission’s first initiative was to conduct a survey with the objective of undertaking a detailed diagnosis of the living conditions of the working population. Changing gender relations in the family and labour market, especially the conflicts over the use of women’s time, was one of the central questions in this survey. Thus, its results allow us to analyse both the discourses – by social reformers and other social groups – and the social practices of women at work in different sectors and in different parts of Spain.
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Ortega Gaspar, Marta, and Mercedes Fernández Alonso. "Las transferencias intergeneracionales en España y Andalucía. Una primera aproximación al estudio de los factores explicativos en el cuidado de los nietos." Comunitania. Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Ciencias Sociales, no. 16 (November 26, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/comunitania.16.6.
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El apoyo entre generaciones es una conducta presente en todos los países, aunque en España su intensidad o frecuencia es superior a la mayoría de los países europeos. Una de sus prácticas, concretamente el cuidado de menores por parte de la población de mayor edad es un fenómeno social cada vez más relevante (en términos, por ejemplo, de volumen, responsabilidad o ausencia de progenitores). La cantidad de abuelos que cuida nietos en España ha experimentado un crecimiento notable en la última década. Este estudio ofrece un análisis preliminar de este fenómeno en Andalucía y en el resto de España con la intención de saber si hay diferencias y conocer algunos de los factores explicativos subyacentes. Se ha utilizado como base de datos la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida de las Personas Mayores (IMSERSO-CIS 2006). Los resultados muestran generalmente una similitud de patrones en el conjunto del territorio nacional y que la edad y el nivel de estudios son las variables más influyentes.Intergenerational support is a shared behavior in all countries. Nevertheless, in Spain its intensity or frequency is higher than most European countries. Grandparents playing childhood care activities is a social phenomenon that is increasingly relevant (in terms, for example, of volume, responsibility or absence of parents). The number of grandparents caring grandchildren in Spain has experienced remarkable growth over the past decade. This study focuses on a preliminary analysis of this phenomenon in Andalusia and the rest of Spain in order to establish a comparison and meet some of the underlying explanatory factors. It has been used the “Survey of Living Conditions of the Elderly” (IMSERSO-CIS 2006). The results show that age and education level are the most influential variables.
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González Agudo, David. "Prices in Toledo (Spain): Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Social Science History 43, no. 02 (2019): 269–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.2.
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Differences in material conditions are a determinant that explains the little divergence between northwestern and southern Europe. This article approaches the evolution of prices in early modern Toledo (Spain). The price index includes new items such as housing and employs different baskets over time, reflecting changes in consumption patterns. During the city’s golden age, prices grew faster than in London, Paris, or Amsterdam. Wine, urban rent, and food prices experienced a great increase, coinciding with demographic growth and the arrival of the American precious metals. Prices slowed in the first half of the seventeenth century, throughout Castile’s demographic and economic decay.
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Lyytimäki, Jari, Ludger Benighaus, Javier Gómez, Christina Benighaus, Sari Kauppi, Juha M. Kotilainen, Tuija Mononen, and Virginia del Rio. "Mining in the Newspapers: Local and Regional Media Representations of Mineral Exploration and Mining in Finland, Germany, and Spain." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 38, no. 5 (July 6, 2021): 1831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00453-4.
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AbstractThe understanding of public debates over mineral exploration and mining largely originates from exceptional situations such as mining accidents of conflicts. Less is known about how mining is portrayed and understood under more conventional settings. What storylines dominate the local day-to-day public debate? This article presents results from a comparative case study focusing on newspaper coverage of mineral exploration and mining in three European countries representing different geological and socio-economic contexts. Newspaper articles from the Geyer-Erzgebirge region in Germany, the Andalusia region in Spain, and Northern Finland are studied. The sample looks into the period between September 2018 and February 2020 and shows that regional newspapers report about mining issues relatively intensively even in the absence of major accidents or other media events causing peaks of attention. The tone of the articles is generally neutral to positive towards mining activities, reflecting the specific local settings, historical experiences, and future expectations. Despite the different contexts of the three countries, there were considerable similarities to the topics highlighted, including common themes of mining revival, mining events and social interaction, history of mining, and damages related to mining. Past, present, and future employment opportunities related directly or indirectly to the mining sector are key storylines. Another recurrent underlying theme is the need to balance environment and safety risks and socio-economic prosperity, typically covered through ordinary disputes among the mining sector, public authorities, regional non-governmental organizations, and local initiatives.
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Martín Martín, José María, Jose Antonio Salinas Fernández, José Antonio Rodríguez Martín, and María del Sol Ostos Rey. "Analysis of Tourism Seasonality as a Factor Limiting the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 44, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348019876688.
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Several sustainable development strategies in rural areas have relied on tourism as a tool for economic growth and job creation. The alternating peak and valley periods that seasonality entails—and their corresponding negative economic, environmental, or social impacts—may somewhat condition the success of these policies. The aim of this article is to analyze whether rural destinations suffer from higher levels of seasonality as compared with those of beach and urban tourism. The analysis is applied to Andalusia, a region in southern Spain, one of the major tourist destinations in Europe and a provider of diverse tourist products. The methodological innovation and contribution of this study is to measure seasonality intensity by means of a DP2 synthetic indicator that gathers information derived from various facets of seasonality, ultimately allowing us to overcome the disadvantages of single-variable assessment. We conclude that seasonality in rural tourism should not be evaluated generally, since each destination has specific conditions that determine stability or seasonality in the area. We obtain evidence that some rural areas show a lower level of seasonality than cultural-urban destinations (the most stable in terms of annual activity). Thus, rural destinations will not suffer from the problems associated with high seasonality. Due to the great differences among rural destinations, this methodology should be applied to regions with different characteristics to complement the conclusions drawn from this study and determine which destinations call for public policies and specific strategies to reduce seasonality.
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Parra-López, Carlos, Javier Calatrava-Requena, and Tomás de-Haro-Giménez. "A multi-criteria evaluation of the environmental performances of conventional, organic and integrated olive-growing systems in the south of Spain based on experts' knowledge." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 22, no. 3 (August 8, 2007): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507001731.
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AbstractThe medium to long-term environmental performances of organic, integrated and conventional olive-growing systems in the average conditions of the south of Spain are evaluated and compared with respect to soil erosion, soil fertility, rational use of irrigation water, water contamination, atmospheric pollution and biodiversity, based on experts’ knowledge. The aim of the research was to test the common implicit assumption of environmental superiority of the two alternative farming systems over the conventional system. For this purpose, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a widely used multi-criteria decision-making tool, has been implemented. AHP enables us to deal with complex decision-making problems with multiple criteria, stakeholders and decision-makers, high uncertainty and risk, such as in the case of multi-criteria environmental comparison of alternative farming systems. Twenty experts in olive production, clustered into three groups according to their professional field of interest, were involved in the analysis. The utilization of experts' knowledge is justified when information relevant for urgent decision-making is not available, is partial or is time and resource demanding, and a holistic perspective is required. Indexes and procedures are proposed for group decision-making, to detect variation in expert opinions and differences between alternative systems' performances. Despite bias in the judgments of the groups of experts in some topics, results confirm the holistic environmental superiority of organic and integrated alternatives over the conventional olive system in Andalusia in the medium to long-term. The results represent a scientific base to justify and endorse institutional support regarding the promotion and implementation of organic and integrated olive-growing systems in the region, which are likely to result in greater social welfare.
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Trofimets, I. A. "Genesis of marriage law in Spain." Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.124-133.
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The study of the institution of marriage in the foreign legal order makes it possible not only to see the identity and historical succession, but also to find out whether the provisions on marriage have common features that characterize it as the highest value, and how permissible foreign borrowing in the formation of its own legal system without prejudice to its uniqueness and individuality. The use of foreign experience reveals a lot of issues and conflicts that need to be resolved in relation to national law. An obligatory component is the study of the heritage of the past, the so-called legislative retrospective, which contributes to the knowledge of legal culture. For the first time in domestic science there is an attempt to periodize the institution of marriage in Spain, depending on the type of social regulator: customs, canonical rules, rules of law (own and borrowed). The periodization of the Spanish marriage law is presented and the main features of its formation are shown: the application of the customs of the peoples inhabiting the territory of Spain; the reception of Roman private law; the influence of Canon law; the appearance of foreign influence. The whole history of marriage law is divided into 5 periods: customary law (the first period), the rule of canon law (second period), systematic legislation on marriage (the third period), harmonization of secular marriage legislation with the provisions of canon law (the fourth period), contemporary law (fifth period). Separately, in the settlement of relations between the sexes, a pre-legal period is allocated. Of course, each period is characterized by a variety of rules of marriage law, which is explained by the evolution of social relations and the development of the legal institution of marriage. The consistent influence of universal values on the formation of legal provisions of marriage is shown. As the marriage law is formed, rules are formed that determine the conditions and order of its conclusion. The enduring value of the family organization of the way of life of people and the family form of management determines the preservation of this social institution throughout the period of human history, although in a constantly changing form.
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Maestre-Andrés, Sara, Laura Calvet-Mir, and Evangelia Apostolopoulou. "Unravelling stakeholder participation under conditions of neoliberal biodiversity governance in Catalonia, Spain." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 7 (January 17, 2018): 1299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417753624.
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The restructuring of biodiversity governance in Europe during the last two decades has been, inter alia, based on the argument that effective conservation hinges on consensual decision-making involving all relevant stakeholders. This has given rise to various network-based forms of governance and participatory arrangements in protected areas reinforcing the involvement of business and non-state actors, particularly through the creation of profitable public–private partnerships. Even though this shift has been framed as promoting stakeholder and public participation, in practice it has often hampered democratic decision-making and community empowerment. In this paper, we investigate the restructuring of biodiversity governance through the establishment of participatory arrangements in the governance of the natural park of Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac, a place whose history has been linked with the emergence of one of the first environmental movements in Catalonia (Spain). We pay particular attention to the role of participatory arrangements in transforming power relationships and in promoting a neoliberal mode of biodiversity governance. We find that governance restructuring under the rhetoric of promoting stakeholder participation has in practice led to the exclusion of key social actors from the management of the natural park and favoured the inclusion of actors with mainly economic motivations further embedding a neoliberal agenda in the governance of the park and ultimately disempowering local community.
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Koroleva, A. A. "Review of The Songs of the Cádiz Carnival during the Second Republic." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 5, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2021-3-19-193-196.
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Looking into affective topics such as historical memories often starts with a very personal story. It was not the case with Santiago Morello, whose curiosity inspired him to research social history and historical memories of Cádiz. Thus he managed to remain objective when answering a simple WHY question. Moreno grew up in Spanish Andalusia and had a first-hand experience of what education is like when there is no consensus on local history — important topics tend to be avoided. As a researcher, Santiago Moreno took a special interest in the repressed participants of the carnival and the prohibition of the carnival in 1937: he defended a thesis, published a collection of carnival-related songs, and produced a documentary Murieron Cantado. The book under review is his latest work on the topic. Moreno posits that sensitive issues of local history should find a wider audience via diverse channels. For this purpose, he initiated thematic excursions, including Cádiz and the Banned Carnival. Today carnival in Cádiz is one of the biggest in Spain, and as of 2021 is being considered to be included in the UNESCO Convention on the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. The reviewed book comes out as a separate volume in the series of historical records of the Province of Cádiz and presents a unique collection of carnival songs. The first part of the book gives an overview of the historical context, the social background and even managerial and financial aspects of holding a carnival. Lyrics are analyzed in terms of their reflection of the social agenda of the time taking into consideration the censorship. The texts presented in the second half of the book come from different origins since few of them were preserved in the official archives. The author believes is that carnival rests upon enthusiasts who take part in it for generations. During the Civil War, especially after Cádiz was taken over, many of them had to destroy their collections of songs for fear of oppression and a great number of valuable documents were lost. Moreno’s work is a precious yet not comprehensive source for culture studies: the collection includes songs of 94 out of 108 participants of the carnival in 1932–1936. Some of the songs were not submitted to censors, many others were never recorded. Nevertheless, the book will be of interest to specialists in cultural studies, history and folklore, and those fond of the carnival.
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Bernat, Ignasi, and David Whyte. "Postfascism in Spain: The Struggle for Catalonia." Critical Sociology 46, no. 4-5 (September 11, 2019): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519867132.
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The thousands of Spanish National Police and Guardia Civil sent to Barcelona in order to prevent the referendum legislated by the Catalan Parliament on 6 and 7 September 2017 raised major questions about the fragility of Spanish democracy. The subsequent display of police violence on 1 October and the imprisonment and criminalisation of political opponents for the archaic offences of ‘rebellion’ and ‘sedition’ looked even less ‘democratic’. Indeed, those events in Catalonia constitute a remarkable moment in recent European history. This article uses the literature on ‘postfascism’ (developed in this journal and elsewhere) to analyse this remarkable moment and develop its social connections to the parallel re-emergence of fascist violence on the streets and the appearance of fascist symbolism in mainstream politics in Spain. The literature on postfascism identifies contemporary fascism as a specifically cultural phenomenon, but generally fails to identify how the conditions that sustain the far right originate inside the state. In order to capture this historical turn more concretely as a process in which state institutions and processes of statecraft are intimately involved, we argue that the Spanish state is postfascist. The article offers a brief critique of the way the concept of postfascism has been deployed, and, through an empirical reading of the historical development of Spanish state institutions, it proposes a modified frame that can be used to understand the situation in Catalonia.
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Poveda, David. "Ethnic Segregation In Context: The Case Of Education In Vallecas - Puente De Vallecas." education policy analysis archives 11 (December 23, 2003): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v11n49.2003.
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This article presents an ethnographic analysis of the social conditions and ideological processes that help understand how students are distributed unequally between private and public schools on the basis of their ethnicity. To do so, it examines the form these mechanisms adopt in a particular area of Madrid (Spain): Vallecas-Puente de Vallecas. This part of the city has undergone dramatic social changes during the last fifty years and has a very intense social history in Madrid. Currently, it shows a high degree of ethnic segregation between schools depending on their status (public vs. ‘private-concerted’). Also, contrary to what is considered the usual tendency in Spain, even though this area is predominantly lower-middle class, the majority of students of these two districts are enrolled in private-concerted schools. These circumstances are explained through a folk theory present in the community regarding the role of private education in processes of social mobility and an emic categorization of the type of pupils who attend public and private-concerted schools. In the conclusions, two themes are discussed: (a) implications that this case has for practical implementations of policy measures geared at reducing the “dualization” of the Spanish educational system and; (b) some strands of research that could be followed in the study of the role the educational system plays in the construction of social inequality.
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Grantseva, Ekaterina. "Historical Memory in the Transition to Democracy: the Experience of the USSR and Spain." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018367-2.
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The Spanish and Russian history of the 20th century includes the experience of civil war, mass emigration, changes of intellectual elites, tragic pages associated with repression and terror. Spain in the 1970s and the USSR in the 1980s with a difference of ten years embarked on a large-scale social and political transformation, the goal of which was the transition to democracy. The revitalization of the socio-cultural sphere and the complex interaction with the “difficult past” became an integral part of the political transit of the two countries. The use of comparative analysis allows us to identify the similarities and differences in the attitudes concerning the past, to determine the specifics of approaches to the formation of memory politics, as well as to study the features of “conflicts of memory”. For the Spaniards, the civil war of 1936—1939 and the Franco dictatorship were central to the formation of the memory of the past. As for the Soviet “difficult past”, here the researchers call the Great Patriotic War and mass repressions the “main traumas”. The Spanish and Soviet experience of interacting with the “difficult past” in the context of the transition to democracy demonstrates to us fundamentally different models due to the specifics of the historical stages preceding the transition, specific historical, political and social tasks solved during the transition period, the interest of political forces in matters of interaction with past. The main component of the Spanish model is the “pact of oblivion”, the choice in favor of building the future without solving the problems of the past. The basis of the Soviet model was the policy of glasnost. At the same time, a consensus on the future in the USSR was not formed, for its formation there were neither forces nor conditions.
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Arif, Kokab. "Islam in History." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i2.2512.
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Malek Bennabi (1903-73) was an Algerian scholar who received hiseducation in Algiers and Paris. An engineer by training, his concern aboutthe ummah 's decadence led him to analyze the causes of this decay andto provide solutions. The result of his analysis is this book. Originallywritten in French in 1943 W1der the title Vocation de /'Islam, it was notpublished until I 954, in order to coincide with the Algerian revolution.At the outset, he defines history by saying thathistory is a sociology, that is, the study of the conditions of developmentof a social group, defined not as much by its ethicalor political factors as by the complex of ethical, aesthetical, andteclmical affinities corresponding to the air or space of this civilization.On the other hand this social group is not isolated, and itsevolution is conditioned by certain connections with the humanensemble. From this point of view, history is a metaphysics, sinceits perspective, extending beyond the domain of historical causality,embraces the phenomena in their finality. (p. 6)Using this framework, he develops a cyclical concept of civilizationand attributes its origin to Ibn Khaldiin. He argues that the phenomenonof "civilization" and "decadence" should not be studied in isolation. Thisis especially true in the case of the Muslim world, which is in need ofclear ideas for its renaissance and should not be isolating the two.Using a sociological base, he focuses on the behavior of the individualin Muslim society. He believes that the decadence of the Muslimummah is the result of combination of historical and psychological factors.The first turning point came when the democratic caliphate becamea dynasty. The second, which was psychological, was the fall of the alMuwahhid dynasty in Spain to the forces of Christendom in the thirteenthcentury CE. lltls process gave birth to what Bennabi termed the"post-al Muwabhid man" who is the typical representative of the contemporaryummah's behavior, temperament, characteristics, and psychology.While discussing the efforts to improve this situation, he focuses onthe ummah's various refonnist and modernist movements. In his view,the reformist movements did not try to .give the post-al Muwabhid ...
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Ruiz, David Martin, and Nguyen Quang Minh. "Analysis of spanish social housing policies in the last 16 years and preliminary notes on the applicability of similar solutions to Ho Chi Minh City." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(3)-07.
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With the increasing inflow of new citizens coming to live in Ho Chi Minh City from the countryside or smaller cities, the still low incomes of most of the existing population and the rapid expansion of the urban area, a solid additional supply of social housing at a more reasonable price to underprivileged people - both residents and immigrants - in Ho Chi Minh City is a must. Social housing policies to adopt have to take into account many factors in order to meet the real demand in both quantity and quality. They should contain the public budget expense and procure the involvement of private developers. In the context of a fast growing city with limited infrastructure, a large number of buildings in need of rehabilitation, and subject to short cycles of high and low sales periods, the steps have to be carefully analysed. The authors focus on understanding social housing policies that have been successfully implemented in Spain over the last 16 years and the results of solutions adopted as circumstances have changed quickly in the country. Despite differences between Spain and Vietnam, some similarities in the socio-economic environment have been found after comparing the fluctuating conditions of the Spanish housing development in the first period with those of Ho Chi Minh City today. The conclusions drawn from Spain have been extrapolated and may be useful to the specificities of Ho Chi Minh City, resulting in a number of recommendations of different solutions for social housing and highlighting the advantages (to learn and apply) and disadvantages (to tackle).
Article history: Received 13 March 2018, Revised 17 April 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018
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Narciso, Laia. "“Race”, Belonging and Emancipation: Trajectories and Views of the Daughters of Western Africa in Spain." Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040143.
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Young Spanish Black people born to migrant parents continue to be either invisible or problematized in public discourses, which project a monocultural and phenotypically homogeneous Europe. Research in countries with a long immigration history has shown that in the process of othering minorities, gender ideologies emerge as ethnic boundaries and feed the paternalistic treatment of women while accusing their families and communities of harming them through atavistic traditions. However, little research has focused on girls’ and young women from West African immigration and Muslim tradition in Spain, a country where they represent the first “second generation”. In order to gain a deeper insight into their processes and views, this paper describes and analyses the educational trajectories and transitions to adult life of a group of young women with these backgrounds who participated in a multilevel and narrative ethnography developed in the framework of a longitudinal and comparative project on the risk of Early Leaving of Education and Training in Europe (ELET). In the light of the conceptual contributions of the politics of belonging and intersectionality, the responsibilities regarding the conditions for gaining independence are relocated while assessing the role of the school in the processes of social mobility and the development of egalitarian aspirations in the labor market and in the family environment. The findings show how the limits encountered by these young women in their trajectories to an independent adult life are mainly produced by processes of racialization conditioned by class and gender, ironically in key spaces of social inclusion such as schools and the labor market rather than, or mainly by, an ethnic community that subjugates them.
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García González, María Cristina, and Salvador Guerrero. "The National Federation of Town Planning and Housing, 1939–1954." Journal of Urban History 40, no. 6 (July 1, 2014): 1099–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144214536869.
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The autarchy system established by the new dictatorship following the Spanish Civil War proposed the reconstruction of the country as a new Renaissance based on idiosyncratic Spanish values. One of the most unique experiences was the creation of the private society The National Federation of Town Planning and Housing (1939–1954). The aim was to create a social environment appropriate for dignity development in the habitability conditions. The project was very ambitious about town planning dissemination. A professional network concerning town planning and housing knowledge was required. Instruments applied for achieving the objective included publishing books and magazines, exhibitions, congresses, and centers of information within and outside Spain.
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Rojas Galván, José. "Las élites políticas y militares y su correlación con la conformación regional de la Nueva Galicia (México), 1530-1792." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 4, no. 8 (July 1, 2012): 108–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v4n8.31569.
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El artículo analiza la relación que guardan las élites políticas y militares en Nueva Galicia (México) durante el periodo de 1530-1792. El proceso de conquista permitió el desarrollo de mecanismos de acceso y consolidación de grupos de élite en los principales centros urbanos, mineros y portuarios de la región neogallega. La investigación toma como referente las perspectivas de la historia social y regional en tanto que buscan hacer evidentes las transformaciones de un territorio con respecto a las condiciones de la sociedad. Las fuentes documentales utilizadas provienen del Archivo General de Indias, España, del Archivo General de Simancas, España, y del Archivo General de la Nación, México.Los resultados de la investigación reflejan los factores estructuradores más importantes de la región neogallega entre los que destaca: los intereses particulares de los diferentes grupos de élite que coexistieron en distintos tiempos y espacios de la Nueva Galicia, donde el territorio y sus recursos fueron aprovechados para asentar su poderío por la persuasión o por la fuerza.Palabras clave:región, élite, poder, sociedad, Nueva Galicia, México. The political and military elites and its correlation with the regional formation of the Nueva Galicia (México), 1530-1792AbstractThe article analyzes the relationship between the political and military elites in Nueva Galicia (Mexico) during the 1530-1792. The conquest process allowed the development of mechanisms for access and consolidation of elite groups in the main ports, mining and urban centers of the neogallega region. This research takes as regards the prospects for social and regional history insofar as they seek to make evident the transformations of a territory with regard to the conditions of the society. Documentary sources come from the General Archive of Indias, Spain, of the General Archive of Simancas, Spain, and from the General Archive of the Nation, Mexico. The results of this research reflect the most important structured factors of the Neogallega region, in which it is important to emphasize the particular interests of the different elite groups that coexisted in different times and spaces of the Nueva Galicia, where the territory and its resources were exploited to settle its power by persuasion or by force. Keywords:elite, power, society, Nueva Galicia, México.
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Muñoz Bolaños, Roberto. "¿Somos tan diferentes? El intervencionismo militar en España, en Reino Unido y Estados Unidos." Araucaria, no. 47 (2021): 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i47.19.
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The aim of this research is to carry out a comparative study of military interventionism in Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The thesis on which it is based is that armies intervene when the conditions are created for them to do so. There is no such thing as a dichotomy between interventionist and non-interventionist armies in the political decision-making process.
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Koch, Ernesto. "Uruguay. Ein lateinamerikanisches Modell?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 36, no. 142 (March 1, 2006): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v36i142.571.
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A history of social struggles in Uruguay is given, from the fights against the Spaniards in early 19th century until the present time. These fights were always influenced by imperialist appropriation of the country. After the Spain has withdrawn it was at first the English Imperialism, later the US-Imperialism which forced Uruguay’s economy to serve its needs. A comprise between rival fractions of Uruguay’s ruling class brought the country a long lasting period of stability and also some social reforms. Economic crisis, increasing social protest and a brutal military regime ended this period in the early seventies. A broad coalition of the Left Frente Amplio could not only survive the military regime, it grew continuously under democratic conditions. Since 1989 Frente Amplio rules in Montevideo, capital and biggest department of the country, and in 2004, its candidate won the presidential elections, starting a new economic policy as well as a new foreign policy.
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Grinina, E. A., and T. M. Balmatova. "On the Question of the Relationship of Collective and Individual Principles in the Flamenco Culture (mid-XVIII — first quarter of the XX century)." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2021-1-17-178-192.
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The flamenco culture, an original composition of music, poetry, dance and costume, was born in Andalusia, over time has become one of Spain’s «brands», and has now spread well beyond the Iberian Peninsula. Flamenco is full of contradictions that’s why flamenco studies and cultural studies researchers have been working on it for centuries, both in its homeland and abroad. The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between individual and collective elements in the flamenco culture and to analyze various aspects of its formation and existence basing on the literary and historical sources, works on the history of culture, in general, and flamenco, in particular. The Russian segment of flamenco studies research is dominated by works devoted to individual components of flamenco culture — dance, music, history and mythology or particular styles. At the same time, there are no works that attempt to understand the functioning of internal mechanisms and their role in the formation and development of this art. It seems relevant to conduct research from these positions, and the possibility of identifying objective patterns of interaction between the individual and the collective elements determines the scientific novelty of the proposed article. The authors come to the conclusion that, combining elements of rural and urban folklore, flamenco is a popular culture that performs a communicative function both within one social layer and between different layers of urban society. The collective and individual principles in this culture find expression at different levels of social interaction, historical ties, and interpersonal communication; they are not parallel, but interconnected and mutually intertwined. At the level of the text, the collective principle serves as a source of topics, each of which a particular author gives an individual interpretation. At the level of performance and perception, the author transmits to the listener a message containing information about the collective (the memory and experience of previous generations or the current situation for a certain part of society); shares his own experiences or assessments. The listener, perceiving information, on the one hand, joins the collective, and on the other, individualizes it by relating it to his own picture of the world. The presence of contrasts in the flamenco culture is due to the social environment of its formation and existence, the presence of a commercial component and the focus of the performer on the tastes and needs of the audience. The need to attract, surprise and interest the audience at different stages of the development of flamenco influenced all components of this art, and the competition factor encouraged performers to look for new forms and develop new styles. And in general, the presence of opposite vectors provided this culture with the potential that allowed it to go beyond the narrow social stratum, to develop and gain popularity not only in Spain, but also far beyond its borders.
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Delgado Granados, Patricia. "La Ley General de Educación en la memoria: del reconocimiento a la negación." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 14 (May 26, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.14.2021.28804.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the process of the drawing up of the General Education Act (LGE), created under the Franco regime and implemented a few years before the Spanish transition. In order to do so, we pay special attention to the socio-economic moment in which the law was projected and to the different political tendencies that were emerging in the scenario of dictatorship and that would become more visible in the transition. The paper also examines the individual and collective experiences and strategies of other sectors of the population, showing how they swung from recognition to denial of the LGE. The law’s implementation was the result of a critical diagnosis of the education system that implied a need for decisive change in the situation of education, a change that could be achieved by setting legal conditions for the normalization of universal education in Spain. The starting point was the belief that improving education would lead to the socio-economic development of the country while at the same time resolving the situation of ideological, political and social conflict that persisted under the dictatorship and that would be solved, in part, after 1978.
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de Mendoza, Diego Hurtado. "Autonomy, even Regional Hegemony: Argentina and the “Hard Way” toward Its First Research Reactor (1945–1958)." Science in Context 18, no. 2 (June 2005): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000487.
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In the mid-1940s, Argentina was partially isolated and ruled by a military regime. The political confrontation between the military and the scientific community as well as international pressures played a major role in the failure of the first attempts to cope with nuclear development. Only after the relationship between the military and local scientists was readjusted and control of atomic energy was placed in the hands of the Navy, and Argentina's international relations restored, did nuclear development begin to take off. This paper examines the traumatic process of creating the political and institutional conditions for the reception of nuclear technology in a peripheral context. The key to shaping future policies was the decision made by Argentina's Atomic Energy Commission in April 1957 to construct its first research nuclear reactor instead of buying it as other countries such as Spain and Brazil were doing at the time.
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Viñas, Ángel. "THE UPRISING OF JULY 1936 AND INTERNATIONAL GANGSTERISM OF THE FASCIST ITALY." Latin-American Historical Almanac 32, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-32-1-78-90.
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The origin of the civil war is a central theme in the history of Spain in the 20th century and has given rise to intense debates. In the author's opinion, it was the result of the combination of structural conditions (economic and social underdevelopment, accelerated modernization pro-cess, resistance to it), all necessary, but not sufficient. The latter were determined by two factors: the existence of a conspiracy against the Spanish Republic since its very advent in 1931 and the inability of the republican governments to effectively cut it off in 1936. They did not know how to do so despite all the measures adopted but, at the same time Dessert, they could not either because from the first years of his life his monarchical adversaries had the help of fascist Italy. This was gradually materializing until an agreement was reached in March 1934, well known, but also very disfigured. It was the unequivocal signal that Mussolini was willing to curtail the republican experience in Spain in order to establish fascist influence in the western Mediterranean. The unequivocal signal was given in October 1935, in parallel with the in-vasion of Abyssinia. In June 1936, after victory, he turned again to Spain. His commitment materialized in contracts for the supply of war material, for a short war, on July 1 of the same year. The author has uncovered one of the most disfigured enigmas of the origin of the civil war.
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Abelleira Doldán, Miguel. "From the Batlló House to the Capitol Bulding. The Interaction Between Furniture and Architecture in Spain in the First Third of the 20th Century." Res Mobilis 10, no. 13-3 (June 29, 2021): 190–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rm.10.13-3.2021.190-219.
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Throughout history, each human activity has been demanding and building a specific furniture according to it. But it is arranged in a specific space, forming environmental conditions that must guarantee the appropriate response on each occasion. Sometimes there is a clear link between the two, especially in those cases in which both container and content have been devised unitarily, combining design decisions on the building and object scales. The different degrees of the interrelation between architecture and furniture will be exposed in the study of various cases, all of them carried out in Spain during the first third of the 20th century, whose temporal extremes are the Casa Batlló and the Capitol Building. The various modes of involvement and attribution of belonging to the different artistic movements developed in that period will also be shown.
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Broc, Miguel. "Academic performance and other psychological, social and family factors in compulsory secondary education students in a multicultural context." International Journal of Sociology of Education 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rise.2018.2846.
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This work aims to transfer research on academic achievement in compulsory secondary education (CSE) students (12-18 years) from personal factors to others of a psychosocial or sociological type, in a Spanish center with a high level of immigration, which welcome students from twenty eight nationalities whose percentage is about 60%. A second objective was to develop a brief measurement instrument to predict academic achievement, being the main dependent variable the number of suspended subjects in all three course evaluations, finding an optimal constellation of variables which may be more likely to achieve better academic achievement. 317 students of Secondary Education were part of this research in a public center of Zaragoza (Aragon-Spain) who were given an ad hoc Family Settings, Psychosocial and Contextual Questionnaire whose factorial analysis yielded three factors: Context Immigration, Family Settings and academic autobiographical history and study habits. Finally, we analyzed the differences found among students from different continents, trying to find sociocultural foundations and optimal conditions that can explain these differences. Further analysis allow us to glimpse a configuration of the most important variables that point to a hypothetical academic success in this educational field where there is great ethnic and cultural diversity.
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Delgado Pereira, Arturo. "Reenactment as Social Action: The Making of Encierro." International Journal of Film and Media Arts 7, no. 1 (October 3, 2022): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24140/ijfma.v7.n1.02.
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On 30 July 1984, 11 mercury miners locked down in the mines of Almadén (Ciudad Real, southern Spain) to protest against their precarious economic and social conditions. 650 meters deep inside the oldest and most productive mercury mines in world’s history, the miners endured the dark and contaminated galleries for 11 days and nights until their claims were addressed. As an emigrated local filmmaker, I come back to post-industrial Almadén in 2019 with the idea of making a documentary reenactment film about the mining strike. The premise is to find young locals willing to live inside the now-closed mines for 11 whole days to homage the old miners and recreate the experience of 1984, 35 years later. Apart from engaging our collective mining past, performing the form and duration of a previous workers strike, Encierro proposes the underground as a living and symbolic space to foster a series of conversations, encounters, and social and political propositions to reimagine Almadén, which rose from a mine shaft more than 2000 years ago, as ‘something else besides’ a mining town. This article explores the potential of documentary film shooting to take on a different relationship to normal life than the same or similar events would have as “untransformed reality” (Goffman, 1974, p. 175) - a strike versus the reenactment of a strike – and its potential for activism and social transformation. I will also explore the use of the conditional tense in documentary; a speculative and hypothetical approach to reality sensitive to the ‘potentially’ real, the ‘possible’, and the ‘what if’ as modes of documentation. What happens when the forms of ‘documentary’ and ‘reenactment’ are exceeded, and act upon the world rather than only represent it?
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GarcÍA-Yeste, Carme, Gisela Redondo-Sama, Maria PadrÓS, and Patricia Melgar. "The Modern School of Francisco Ferrer i Guàrdia (1859–1909), an International and Current Figure." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 4 (April 2016): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800405.
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Background/Context Throughout history, a country's economic and military strength has influenced its times of cultural splendor and the rise of famous intellectuals and artists. Spain has been an exception to this. At the turn of the 20th century, a surprising series of events that no one could have predicted occurred. At the time, Spain had recently lost the last of its overseas colonies. A few years later, the Moroccan War was also a failure. All these events sent Spain into a state of confusion and provoked strong political tensions within the country: popular uprisings, street fights, and a general state of economic, political, and military weakness. Simultaneously, the cultural and intellectual scene developed a fascinating degree of momentum. Spain became the cradle of some of the world's foremost painters, poets, writers, and intellectuals, such as Picasso, Machado, Lorca, and Buñuel. Among them, the Catalan pedagogue Ferrer i Guàrdia (1859–1909), who was important in the libertarian tradition of popular culture, became a world figure with his educational project, the Modern School. This project was specifically aimed at the lowest social classes so that they would have access to a scientific, democratic, quality education, thereby developing their skills in a society where education was limited to the upper classes and contributing educational development to improve social conditions. Both his project and Ferrer i Guàrdia himself were persecuted and attacked until he was finally sentenced to death in October 1909. Purpose This goal of this study was to analyze Ferrer i Guàrdia's indefatigable fight for an egalitarian, high-quality pedagogical project. Specifically, the figure of Ferrer i Guàrdia was analyzed in the context of a socially and militarily decadent country, which led to his defamation, persecution, and death—in contrast with the international impact and prestige he achieved. Research Design This research was based on historical methods, specifically drawing on analyses of literature review, historical documents, books, and articles (both scientific articles and newspaper articles from the time) regarding the life and work of Ferrer i Guàrdia and the historical context in which he lived. Findings/Conclusions The article concludes with a summary of the great current value of Ferrer i Guàrdia's libertarian approach to education, which consisted of transforming education to provide high-quality learning for all regardless of socioeconomic class.
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Haniff, Ghulam M. "Muslim Minorities in the West." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i1.2256.
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In this superb compilation of essays, fourteen scholars provide a timelyassessment of the expanding Muslim communities in ten western countries,carefully describing their growth and development, sometimes in minutehistorical detail, as they are increasingly scrutinized under the global spotlightfor a variety of complex reasons. Produced as a serious work ofresearch, this volume represents one of the first attempts to examine systematicallythe status and nature of Muslim collective life in the westerndiaspora as seen from the theoretical perspective of the majority-minorityrelationship. It developed out of a conference convened to consider the conditionof the Islamic minorities worldwide. After the conference, selectedpapers were transformed into chapters written specifically for inclusion inthis book.Through fourteen rich and original articles, this book explores a plethoraof problems confronting Muslims, both the recent immigrant arrivals inEurope, Australia, and North America as well as the indigenous followers ofIslam in the Balkans, living within communal collectivities of the Westernworld. It considers “how Muslim minorities fulfill their religious rites andobligations, engage in social and community life and educate their young.” Itexamines “the sacrifices Muslims have to make and the price they have to payto maintain or to acquire a Muslim identity.” With two essays each on Australia,Canada, and the United States, and Britain, the English-speaking world,gets the most attention. But the more obscure cases of Bosnia and Bulgaria,both the terra incognita of the Islamic world until the recent tragedy, are analyzedthoroughly by their native sons, Smail Balic and Kemal Karpat. Despitea diversity of academic orientation, the essays are all highly stimulating, andthe quality of the contributions are all equally superior.The overarching dilemma, identified by the authors as the culprit responsiblefor the Muslims’ difficulties, is the demonization of Islam and the Islamicpeople in the western worldview. As a powerful psychological force on westernthinking, this mindset has brought about the victimization of Muslims and hasled to their wholesale discrimination, indeed, to their rejection as the undesirable“other.” The first two chapters of the book, directly relevant to this concern,delve into the agony of the Muslims of Bosnia; despite their ethnic and racialcompatibility with the Slavic majority notwithstanding, they have undergoneone of the most gruesome incidents of calculated mass murder and brutality inrecent European history. In spite of Bosnia’s “open-minded, liberal and tolerant”p. 23) nature, it has not been spared “a ruthless genocide” p. 24), perhapsbecause Islam rejects the underlying racist premise of the nation-state and istherefore seen as a subversive force. Commensurately, history seems to berepeating itself in Europe. Almost five hundred years after the obliteration ofIslam from Spain, Khalid Duran points out that Bosnia, “truly a cosmopolitansociety” p. 30), is being turned into another Andalusia ...
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Bajnai, László, and Attila Józsa. "A Few Chapters of the Earlier History of Operational Urban Development in Central Europe." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseur-2020-0008.
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Abstract The necessity of operational urban development becomes obvious if we intend to respond with a planned urban development to the challenges posed by an environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable urbanization. We all know the means necessary to enable operational urban development, the ones making planned urban development possible in the most developed founding Member States of the EU as well as in Central Europe – the region of the former ‘Mitteleuropa’. Operational urban development needs to be fully consistent with its objective in a constantly changing public policy, market, economic, and social environment while also being guided by the current local conditions, which is why improving and developing its toolbox and methodology according to scientific standards is an ongoing task. In terms of the evolution of this process, the culture ensuring its control is a crucial factor, wherefore not only the existing toolbox and methodology, serving as its subject, is worth investigating but the very historical foundation it relies on. Indeed, this is a factor that, even despite an uncertain public policy and social environment, can prove conclusively that operational urban development, acting as a prerequisite for a conscious and planned urban development, is possible not merely because there is an established and rich toolbox in place in the most developed Western European EU Member States, which has been functioning continuously and efficiently since the end of World War II and which has, since 1990, increasingly provided for the reintegrating countries of Central Europe too, allowing for adaptation to the local conditions, but it is also possible because what we call in today's terms operational urban development is not some questionable practice of uncertain past but is nearly as ancient as the present-day European civilization with thousands of years of history, taken root in the wake of the Greek, Roman, Jewish, and Christian cultures – and this statement holds true not only for the most developed and richest countries but for those of Central Europe as well. The activity known today by the name of operational urban development already yielded some results in the past without which our cities would not be the same. This is not just the case in Western Europe but also in Central Europe. The mainstream of the European history of operational urban development that can be identified in connection with Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and England is a better-known and internationally more addressed topic in the literature even if it does not emerge in public awareness directly by this name but as a phenomenon integrated in other dimensions of the history of urbanism and architecture, the history of ideas, engineering, history, and geography. At the same time, although the turning points in its Central European history are increasingly present in scientific publications, the latter is still awaiting substantive treatment. In the above-specified context, the present study aims to facilitate this European cognitive process focused on Central Europe for ‘the history of science is science itself’.
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López Núñez, María Inmaculada, José Manuel Velasco Retamosa, Jorge García, and Susana Rubio Valdehita. "Multiculturalidad y Ciencias Sociales: El caso de Psicología." Comunitania. Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Ciencias Sociales, no. 15 (November 22, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/10.5944/comunitania.15.11.
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En los últimos años España ha vivido un incremento sustancial de población inmigrante al recibir cinco millones de personas en menos de 10 años. Actualmente la población inmigrante supone alrededor del 10% de la población. Este proceso implica una responsabilidad conjunta para adaptarse a los cambios y un desafío para la prestación de servicios educativos, sanitarios y asistenciales. El contacto con una nueva cultura conlleva una serie de dificultades que tienen impacto sobre el individuo y estar en el origen, evolución y pronóstico de muchos trastornos de salud mental, rendimiento educativo y adaptación sociolaboral. Factores específicos como el proceso migratorio, las rupturas de vínculos afectivos y sociales, las condiciones de trabajo precarias o la percepción de discriminación, pueden ser fuente de estrés y de malestar, sin duda son factores de mayor vulnerabilidad para una población inmigrante. La formación y capacitación en competencia multicultural se ha mostrado como la herramienta más eficaz para la atención a la diversidad cultural. En España el interés por la formación en competencia multicultural en el ámbito de la psicología es escaso aun cuando aparece como una de las competencias trasversales en el libro Blanco del Título de Grado de Psicología de la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA). La literatura consultada muestra que la competencia multicultural es la herramienta más adecuada tanto a nivel profesional como institucional para una atención de calidad. El propósito de este artículo, de carácter teórico, es mostrar la realidad multicultural en España, reflexionar acerca de la importancia que se le da en la formación universitaria en la carrera de Psicología, y plantear la necesidad de impulsar el aprendizaje en competencia multicultural para responder de manera efectiva a las necesidades existentes y a los nuevos retos como es la crisis de los refugiados.In recent years Spain has seen a substantial increase in immigrant population being an exceptional case in European history to receive five million people less than 10 years. Currently the immigrant population accounts for about 10% of the population. This process involves a joint responsibility to adapt to change and challenge for the provision of education, health and care services. Contact with a new culture involves a series of economic, social difficulties of an information or communication that impact on the individual and can be the origin, evolution and prognosis of many mental health disorders, educational performance and social and labor adaptation. Specific factors such as the migration process, ruptures of affective and social ties, poor working conditions or the perception of discrimination, can be a source of stress and discomfort, certainly are factors more vulnerable to an immigrant population. Training and training in multicultural competition has proven to be the most effective attention to cultural diversity tool. In Spain the interest in training in multicultural competence in the field of psychology is scarce, even when it appears as one of the transversal competences in the White Paper of the Degree of Psychology of the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA). The literature shows that multicultural competence is most suitable both for professional and institutional quality care tool. The purpose of this theorical paper, is to show the multicultural reality in Spain, reflect on the importance given in university education in the career of Psychology, and raise the need to promote learning in multicultural competence to respond effectively to existing needs and new challenges such as the refugee crisis way.
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Aguilera Serrano, Carlos, Carmen Heredia Pareja, and Antonio Heredia Rufián. "El impacto de la Beneficencia en la gestión, tratamiento y cuidado de los dementes alcalaínos en el s. XIX." Nº 9 Diceimbre de 2019, no. 9 (December 12, 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35761/reesme.2019.9.04.
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During the 19th century, in Spain, different laws and orders for the establishment and organization of the Charity Public took place, being the public authorities who were to exercise social charity to the most vulnerable. In this context, further influenced by the emergence of Moral Treatment, a new philosophical and action concept was activated in management, treatment and care for the mentally ill, considered then insane and/or madness. Health care placed a greater emphasis on occupational activity as therapy, as well as improving healthiness and hygienic conditions. However, many factors made it impossible to consummate change, leading to the emergence of new asylum institutions with a marked asylating and custodial character. The aim of this historical study is to try to know the situation in health care to the demented of Alcalá la Real (Jaén) of the time. In the sources used, two fundamental pillars stand out in our study: the Municipal Archive of Alcalá la Real and the Archive of the Provincial Council of Granada. Fromthe data collected it is outlinedhowin the first two decades of the second half of the nineteenth century the madmen alcalaínos were transferred to the Hospital of Madness of Granada, section of the Royal Hospital. The absence of a hospital for these patients in Jaén justified such transfers. The latter were accompanied by a long bureaucratic process that began on the Municipal Board of Charity and ended with the approval of the governor of Jaén. Keywords: historiography, psychiatry, history, 19th century, madness, charity policy, nursing care.
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PETRUSHENKO, YURIY, FEDIR ZHURAVKA, IRYNA MAREKHA, and MARIYA NOVGORODCEVA. "INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FACTORS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 294, no. 3 (March 2021): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-294-3-32.
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In the article, the authors analyze the scope of international tourism development factors based on factological and statistical grounds. It was proven in the article that on the macro-level tourist markets can be grouped into national and oversea ones. The classification of the national markets implies their division into highly-intensive markets (USA, Germany, Great Britain, etc.), stabilized markets (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Poland, etc.), reformed markets (Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, China, etc.), ant accumulated markets (India, Tunis, Egypt, Cuba, etc.). The basic factors affecting the international tourist market include static (climate, natural resources, cultural heritage, etc.) and dynamic ones (population, urbanization, wealth, family, leisure, income, spending, technological advancement, international conflicts and their resolution, etc.). In the article, special attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamic factors of international tourism development, social and economic ones in particular. The presence of positive factors in the country promotes favorable conditions for enhancing its tourist attractiveness on the international level. It was found out that positive factors increase the inflows of tourists for the specific regions (Brazil, France, Great Britain, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, Israel, and U.A.E.). On the national level, the following factors are crucial for the development of tourist industry: natural resources, politics, population and its well-being, cultural heritage and rich history. It was revealed, that in Ukraine tourist business is internationally-oriented, which has both pros and cons for the national economy. In the article, the authors presented a matrix with positive (catalysts) and negative (inhibitors) factors affecting tourist business in Ukraine. Among the positive drivers are large contribution to the national economy and state financial support. At the same time, imperfect infrastructure and lack of legal regulations can be referred to the negative factors. It was stressed in the article that drastic measures should be undertaken in order to increase social and economic performance of national tourist business in Ukraine and increase it international image.
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de Batlle, Jordi, Mireia Massip, Eloisa Vargiu, Nuria Nadal, Araceli Fuentes, Marta Ortega Bravo, Jordi Colomina, et al. "Implementing Mobile Health–Enabled Integrated Care for Complex Chronic Patients: Patients and Professionals’ Acceptability Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): e22136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22136.
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Background Integrated care (IC) can promote health and social care efficiency through prioritization of preventive patient-centered models and defragmentation of care and collaboration across health tiers, and mobile health (mHealth) can be the cornerstone allowing for the adoption of IC. Objective This study aims to assess the acceptability, usability, and satisfaction of an mHealth-enabled IC model for complex chronic patients in both patients and health professionals. Methods As part of the CONNECARE Horizon 2020 project, a prospective, pragmatic, 2-arm, parallel, hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial was conducted from July 2018 to August 2019 in a rural region of Catalonia, Spain. Home-dwelling patients 55 years and older with chronic conditions and a history of hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure (use case [UC] 1), or a scheduled major elective hip or knee arthroplasty (UC2) were recruited. During the 3 months, patients experienced an mHealth-enabled IC model, including a self-management app for patients, a set of integrated sensors, and a web-based platform connecting professionals from different settings or usual care. The Person-Centered Coordinated Care Experience Questionnaire (P3CEQ) and the Nijmegen Continuity Questionnaire (NCQ) assessed person-centeredness and continuity of care. Acceptability was assessed for IC arm patients and staff with the Net Promoter Score (NPS) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Results The analyses included 77 IC patients, 58 controls who completed the follow-up, and 30 health care professionals. The mean age was 78 (SD 9) years in both study arms. Perception of patient-centeredness was similarly high in both arms (usual care: mean P3CEQ score 16.1, SD 3.3; IC: mean P3CEQ score 16.3, SD 2.4). IC patients reported better continuity of care than controls (usual care: mean NCQ score 3.7, SD 0.9; IC: mean NCQ score 4.0, SD 1; P=.04). The scores for patient acceptability (UC1: NPS +67%; UC2: NPS +45%) and usability (UC1: mean SUS score 79, SD 14; UC2: mean SUS score 68, SD 24) were outstanding. Professionals’ acceptability was low (UC1: NPS −25%; UC2: NPS −35%), whereas usability was average (UC1: mean SUS score 63, SD 20; UC2: mean SUS score 62, SD 19). The actual use of technology was high; 77% (58/75) of patients reported physical activity for at least 60 days, and the ratio of times reported over times prescribed for other sensors ranged from 37% for oxygen saturation to 67% for weight. Conclusions The mHealth-enabled IC model showed outstanding results from the patients’ perspective in 2 different UCs but lacked maturity and integration with legacy systems to be fully accepted by professionals. This paper provides useful lessons learned through the development and assessment process and may be of use to organizations willing to develop or implement mHealth-enabled IC for older adults.
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Saunders, John. "Editorial." International Sports Studies 42, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-2.01.
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In my last editorial I was contemplating living the new and unexpected experience of life with Covid 19. Six months ago, was a time for contemplation. We were all entering into an event of major historical significance. The world has experienced epidemics before, and we had only to turn to the works of writers such as Camus to realise how recurrent human behaviour is. We tend so often to be caught by surprise despite the lessons that are so readily available to us through reference to history. The Spanish ‘flu epidemic of 1919 was the obvious benchmark to which we could turn. Following hot on the heels of the Great War of 1914-1918 it was responsible for more casualties than occurred in the war to end all wars (50 million). It infected 500 million people worldwide. After just over ten months we are a long, long way from those sorts of figures. As of 12th November, 51,975,458 case of infection have been reported. Deaths attributed to the virus number 1,281,309 worldwide. Of course, what makes Covid 19 so significant is not simply that it should have happened, but that it is the first pandemic in this era of globalisation which we have entered only comparatively recently. Some might remember the SARS epidemic which affected mainly people in Asia. As indicated by its name, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), it was very similar initially in its effects. Yet, after first emerging in 2002, it was eradicated less than two years later. It seems that this was achieved largely by what has been called simple public health measures. This involved “testing people with symptoms (fever and respiratory problems), isolating and quarantining suspected cases, and restricting travel.” These same measures of course have been implemented in most countries following the virus’ spread to Italy early in 2020. However, the fact that different nations have responded differently and also experienced very different outcomes should be of considerable interest as we consider the whole concept of a global threat and global responses. The ten worst affected countries currently are in order: Contry; Confirmed Cases; Deaths United States; 10,460,302; 244,421 India; 8,684,039; 128,165 Brazil; 5,749,007; 163,406 France; 1,865,538; 42,535 Russia; 1,836,960; 31,593 Spain; 1,417,709; 40,105 Argentina; 1,273,343; 34,531 United Kingdom; 1,256,725; 50,365 Colombia; 1,165,326; 33,312 Italy; 1,028,424; 42,953 They are dominated by the advanced economies of the northern hemisphere. The countries who have previously experienced the SARS epidemic in Asia have fared comparatively lightly. Bearing in mind that statistics of this nature may not be strictly comparable given variation in the criteria used and the methods of sourcing and collecting this information, it is still interesting to hypothesise why outcomes can differ so much. Explanations might include reference to the environments in which people live – physical space, climate and availability of sophisticated health care systems to name a few – or they might dwell on the culture of those involved, their willingness to follow instructions imposed upon them, the importance of competing objectives that might make prioritising health and physical wellness less of a priority. Whatever the case, satisfactory explanations are more likely to involve some interactions involving measures of both the individuals and the environments within which they live. Any attempt to explain or understand human behaviour needs to consider a variety of factors and knowing how to take account of them is an important part of the skill base that scholars of international and comparative studies bring with them. Such skills and knowledge are more important in a globalised world than they have ever been. Yet such skills may be becoming harder to achieve, precisely because of some of the effects of processes associated with globalisation. I would recommend to you a recent documentary produced by Netflix and widely available on YouTube. “The Social Dilemma” is an examination of the use of social media and in particular focuses on the relationship between the growing addiction amongst young people to the use of smartphones and, specifically their social media programmes, and the rising levels of concern about deteriorating mental health and wellbeing among the world’s youth. It draws a relationship between the psychological disorder of narcissism and the failure of phone obsessed young people to experience real human to human interaction, with a related increase in aggressive bullying and dysfunctional behaviour. Thus, the results of experiencing interactions and personal validation through the proxy world of social media, rather than face to face, is a dehumanisation of the individual and leads to a distorted experience of the world in simple dichotomies of a single view, right or wrong. So, whatever the continuing effects of the pandemic, as these continue to unfold, it will be important that we continue to build our understanding of other people in their own worlds. We need to avoid the trap of believing that our own world is the only world and the right world. However smart artificial intelligence becomes, a screen is only two dimensional and it is the extra dimensions that enable us to grow as humans and cope with the complexity and challenges of our own unique worlds. One of the less helpful trends of our globalised digitised world, has been the pursuit and glorification of the cult of celebrity. One of the difficulties of that celebrity status is it is frequently awarded on the basis of undeserving and irrelevant characteristics such as, acting ability, physical beauty or sporting reputation. Yet many seem to feel that this status entitles them to pontificate or attempt to influence others in areas that have nothing to do with their expertise. Ricky Gervais, in his chairing of the 2020 golden globes award, brought a refreshing dose of reality in advising the celebrities who were to receive awards: You are in no position to lecture the public about anything. You know nothing about the real world. Most of you spent less time in school than Greta Thunberg. So, if you win, come up accept your little award. Thank your agent and your God and **** off. OK? It is in that spirit of willingness to learn from the work of a range of colleagues working in a range of places and professional situations around the world, I commend to you the contributions to be found in the following pages. To start the ball rolling, we have a report from Hairui Liu, Wei Shen and Peter Hastie on the application of a curriculum model which was developed in the US and has since gained some popularity in a number of settings around the world. The origins of sport education came from a realisation that, in too many situations, physical education had failed to excite the same degree of enthusiasm among school pupils as could often be observed when they involved themselves in sport. The model thus extends the skill/technique focus which is found in many traditional physical education settings, to include more of the dimensions of sport – formal competition, affiliation, festivity experienced over a season. They concluded that, within this Chinese university context, the students achieved a higher level of performance and more enthusiastic engagement when the model was adopted as a basis for their learning. Our second article moves from an education setting to a contemporary sport science framework, the world of professional sport and one of the higher levels of competition in the world – the English Championship. Rhys Carr, Rich Mullen and Morgan Williams monitored the running intensity of players throughout a season. In particular they questioned the demands for high intensity running when playing in a 4-4-2 formation and implementing a high press strategy, such as adopted by Liverpool in their highly successful 2019 English Premiership season. They concluded that, for players in the centre forward and wide midfield positions, the demands created were impossible to maintain for an entire match. They were then able to draw out some practical and tactical implications for managers and their support staff, relating to substitution strategy and the physical match preparation of players in these positions and with these strategic responsibilities. Our third article involves an exploration of the perpetual discomfort many of us feel as educators when we compare the practice of sport against the ideals we hold for it. As professionals in the field, many of us are driven by our belief in what sport can offer. Yet the modern commodification of sport, coupled with the excessive need to win as a motive that exceeds all others, consistently produces behaviours and outcomes which we seek to disassociate from our professional practices. The article by Irantzu Ibanez, Ana Zuazagoitia, Ibon Echeazarra, Luis Maria Zulaika and Iker Ros is set in the context of the Basque region of Spain and explores the values held by students in their pre-service training with regard to the practice of extracurricular sport. The students show an awareness of the mismatch between their ideals of extracurricular sport as an educational experience and the influence on current practices that comes from the way in which sport is conducted in the society at large. The authors conclude with a plea for greater alignment between the practice of sport in schools and teh educational values that should guide it. Our final contribution is from South Africa where Lesego Phetlhe, Heather Morris- Eyton and Alliance Kubayi report on the concerns of football (soccer) coaches in Guateng province. It is clear that these coaches, in common with others around the world, suffer a degree of stress in their chosen occupation. The sources of this stress are to be found in the nature of the complex tasks they are expected to manage, as well as in the always challenging job of managing the players for whom they are responsible. To this can be added the difficult environmental conditions they are faced with, as well as the inevitable concern with having to produce results for the players and their team. Their research has produced some useful guidelines for administrators that can facilitate the jobs of the coaches and lead to benefits in enhanced performances and results. Finally, in our book review, Luiz Uehara evaluates Jorge Knijnik’s thoughtful analysis of the impact of the 2014 world cup on Brazil. From both author and reviewer, it is possible to feel the pride and passion in their nation of birth and its special contribution to the world’s most popular game. It is my privilege to recommend the work of these international scholars to you. I leave you the reader with the hope that in introducing our next volume, I will be able to celebrate with you more positive news about the progress of the pandemic and its implications for international and comparative sport and physical education. John Saunders Brisbane, November 2020
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Siregar, L. Hidayat. "ANDALUSIA: Sejarah Interaksi Religius dan Linguistik." MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 37, no. 2 (April 14, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v37i2.93.
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<p>Abstrak: Andalusia merupakan satu bab yang sangat menarik dalam sejarah Islam, karena hentakan awalnya, tetapi juga karena ketragisan akhirnya. Tulisan ini memusatkan perhatian pada pembahasan mengenai interaksi yang terjadi antara orang Islam sebagai bangsa penakluk di satu sisi dan bangsa lokal Andalusia sebagai bangsa tertakluk di sisi lain. Kenyataan ini terkadang menimbulkan penafsiran yang hitam putih dan serba revolusioner terhadap pola hubungan dan saling pengaruh antara Muslim dan penduduk asli Andalusia dalam hal agama dan bahasa. Artikel ini mengargumentasikan bahwa, sebagaimana di tempat lain, pengaruh religius dan linguistik merupakan aspek kehidupan yang lebih substantif dan mendasar bagi sebuah masyarakat bila dibandingkan dengan aspek politik dan militer dan hal ini memerlukan proses interaksi yang intens untuk terjadi di Andalusia. Artikel ini menelusuri tahapan-tahapan interaksi tersebut dan menggarisbawahi faktor- faktor terpenting yang terlibat di dalamnya.</p><p><br />Abstract: Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain): A History of Religious and Linguistic Interaction. Islamic Spain is a chapter of Islamic history that has alway been very interesting, not only because of its shocking beginning but also because of its tragic end. The main thrust of this essay is focused on discussing the interaction between the Muslim peoples as conqueror on one side and the lokcal Andalusians as the conquered on the other. This fact often results in a black-and-white revolutionary interpretation of the relations between the conquering Arab Muslims and the conquerred Latin Christians. This article argues that, as in anywhere else in the Muslim world, religious and linguistic influence is the most substantive and fundamental aspects of social life compared to political and military aspects and such to occur in the Arab Muslims upon the locals of al-Andalus requires a long intensive interaction. The most relevant factors of the process are explained in this article.</p><p><br />Kata Kunci: Andalusia, Islamisasi, Arabisasi, Reconquista</p>
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Galeano, Javier Fernández. "Mariquitas, ‘Marvellous Race Created by God’: The Judicial Prosecution of Homosexuality in Francoist Andalusia, 1955–70." Journal of Contemporary History, May 17, 2022, 002200942210998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220094221099858.
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This article argues that the mariquita's subjectivity became a prevalent trope when individuals were prosecuted under charges of homosexuality in Franco's Spain. The mariquita was a liminal homosexual male who was expected to be family-oriented, devout, and involved in flamenco culture and Catholic festivals. I focus on judicial records to underscore the mariquita trope as a popular strategy for questioning the implementation of a stringent legal regime while demanding the social conformity of sexual minorities. The interventions of this article in the literature on nonconforming sexualities are twofold: (1) It contributes to the international scholarship by tracing the centrality of Catholicism and southern Spanish folk culture on mariquita subjectivity and social attitudes towards sexual minorities. This complicates the premise that liberalism has historically been the primary ideological frame informing sexual minorities’ resistance to repressive policies. In Spain, under a dictatorial regime, sexual minorities’ adaptative strategies and identities incorporated aspects of traditional rural femininity alongside modern forms of queer self-expression, such as drag shows in urban cabarets. (2) It contributes to the Spanish historiography, by revising the existing metrocentric research on homosexuality under Francoism and emphasizing the discrepancy between medico-legal discourses and recurring expressions of conditional toleration by rural communities.
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Perez, Julia Rey. "Cultural Heritage, Sustainability, Conservation, and Social Welfare. A Management Plan for the Historic Municipal Buildings of Seville (Andalusia, Spain)." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, November 28, 2022, 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2022.2146332.
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Caparrós Ruiz, Antonio. "Factors determining teleworking before and during COVID-19: some evidence from Spain and Andalusia." Applied Economic Analysis, February 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aea-08-2021-0199.
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Purpose This study aims to analyse the inequalities in access to teleworking in Spain. More specifically, the study examines what factors determine remote working in a pre-pandemic period and during the state of alarm (March 2020). Moreover, the study examines whether telecommuting is related to the likelihood of suffering emotional disorders during lockdowns. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach followed to analyse access to teleworking mainly consists of the estimation of ordered response models. Two datasets are used: the first is the Survey on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Households, conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) in the pre-pandemic period (2018). The second is the Social Survey 2020. Habits and Living Conditions of the Andalusian Population during the State of Alarm, conducted by the Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia (IECA) once the state of alarm was declared in Spain. Findings The results obtained indicate that ICT training is a key element in helping to explain the likelihood of working from home. However, some groups of workers might experience difficulties in their transition to teleworking. This could increase labour market segmentation and hinder the transition to the knowledge economy. Moreover, the findings detect that employees working both on the company premises and from home are more likely to suffer emotional disorders. Originality/value The paper sheds new empirical evidence on teleworking in Spain and Andalusia, including some novel methodological aspects to estimate the regressors’ effects on the probability of working from home.
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Lorenzo, Francisco, AdriÁn Granados, and Nuria Rico. "Equity in Bilingual Education: Socioeconomic Status and Content and Language Integrated Learning in Monolingual Southern Europe." Applied Linguistics, July 28, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaa037.
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Abstract Previous research has raised concerns that equity may be compromised in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) education, creating schisms in otherwise fairly egalitarian education systems. In Andalusia (southern Spain), where bilingual education has expanded, this article aims to analyze the difference between CLIL bilingual education and traditional monolingual education in terms of student equity indicators. A sample of over 3,800 students representing the four socioeconomic status (SES) levels (SES 1–4), selected by stratified random sampling, was analyzed with correlational statistics to determine their performance levels at CLIL and non-CLIL schools, according to their competence in Spanish L1, English L2, and history. Results point to certain egalitarian effects of CLIL education: while a staircase pattern is constantly present in the performance of non-CLIL students (with those from higher social classes obtaining better results), all CLIL students seem to obtain equally high results regardless of their SES.
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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, José María Senciales-González, Yang Yu, Luca Salvati, Antonio Giménez-Morera, and Artemi Cerdà. "Long-term changes in rainfed olive production, rainfall and farmer’s income in Bailén (Jaén, Spain)." Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration 6, no. 2 (June 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41207-021-00268-1.
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AbstractEconomic, social, and climatic conditions affect agricultural production. Those changes are relevant to the rainfed agricultural areas of the Mediterranean Belt, including Spain—the largest producer of olive oil in the world. However, little is known about the effect of the climate on olive production and farmer income. In this study, the correlation between changes in rainfall and total olive production was examined using a long-term dataset (28 years) on conventional rainfed production and tillage soil management. The dataset focused on different olive groves in the municipality of Bailén (Jaén, Andalusia) that have been owned by the same farmer since 1966. The province of Jaén is the region of Spain with the highest production of olive oil and the largest area of olive groves. The data included annual rainfall, production per plot and the price of olives. After calculating missing data to complete the rainfall series, pairwise correlation analysis with nonparametric Spearman's rank coefficients and principal component analysis were used to process the data. The results showed that higher production coincided with increased rainfall during August and December. Therefore, we concluded that the impact of rainfall on olive production is variable and depends on drought intensity and the monthly rainfall distribution. An economic study showed that farmer income was highly dependent on the seasonal distribution of the rainfall among other factors such as the price of olives. Farmer income was low during drought periods, indicating that rainfed agriculture is perceived by farmers as unsustainable due to the resulting highly variable income. This study could help to prevent risks to food security in the future. We recognise that other key factors have also been important influences on the fluctuations in olive production over the years, such as soil properties and plant status. However, cultivating olives without irrigation—depending only on the total rainfall amount and rainfall intensity to supply all of the water consumed by the plants—is very risky too. This research demonstrates that the subsistence of Mediterranean rainfed olive farmers can be highly dependent on the rainfall conditions.
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Corral-Broto, Pablo. "Historia de la corrupción ambiental en España, 1939-1979. ¿Franquismo o industrialización?" HISPANIA NOVA. Primera Revista de Historia Contemporánea on-line en castellano. Segunda Época, January 29, 2018, 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/hn.2018.4051.
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Resumen: El artículo abre un debate acerca de la corrupción ambiental en la historia de España. El estudio se centra en la España franquista, a partir de una perspectiva regional y social. Los estudios sobre transiciones metabólicas han demostrado que los patrones industriales en la economía rusa y en las economías occidentales no dependieron de las condiciones económicas y políticas (Krausmann et al, 2016). La historia ambiental social no dispone todavía de estudios capaces de realizar este tipo de comparaciones. Este artículo pretende pues definir la corrupción ambiental del Franquismo, como paso imprescindible antes de realizar comparaciones que dejamos aquí planteadas a modo de hipótesis. Los resultados demuestran que la corrupción ambiental franquista se ejerció mediante tres estrategias: una compleja laxitud y maleabilidad legislativa en la aplicación y reforma de la ley, la creación de duda por parte de ciertos expertos proclives a la industria y la represión y una justicia arbitraria.Palabras clave: Franquismo, medio ambiente, contaminación industrial, historia ambiental, España.Abstract: This article opens a debate about environmental corruption in the history of Spain. The study focused on Franco’ Spain, from a regional and social history perspective. Studies of metabolic transitions have shown that industrial patterns in the Russian economy and Western economies did not depend on economic and political conditions (Krausmann et al, 2016). Social environmental history does not yet have studies capable of making such comparisons. This article aims to define the environmental corruption of Francoism, as an essential step before making comparisons that we leave here presented as hypotheses. The results show that Francoist environmental corruption was exercised through three strategies: a complex laxity and legislative malleability in law enforcement and reform, the creation of doubt certain by certain experts with industrial interests and arbitrary repression and justice.Keywords: Francoism, environment, industrial pollution, environmental history, Spain.