Journal articles: 'And related simulations'

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Chen, Liang, and Richard F. Serfozo. "Performance limitations of parallel simulations." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 11, no. 3 (January 1, 1998): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953398000331.

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This study shows how the performance of a parallel simulation may be affected by the structure of the system being simulated. We consider a wide class of linearly synchronous simulations consisting of asynchronous and synchronous parallel simulations (or other distributed-processing systems), with conservative or optimistic protocols, in which the differences in the virtual times of the logical processes being simulated in real time t are of the order o(t) as t tends to infinity. Using a random time transformation idea, we show how a simulation's processing rate in real time is related to the throughput rates in virtual time of the system being simulated. This relation is the basis for establishing upper bounds on simulation processing rates. The bounds for the rates are tight and are close to the actual rates as numerical experiments indicate. We use the bounds to determine the maximum number of processors that a simulation can effectively use. The bounds also give insight into efficient assignment of processors to the logical processes in a simulation.

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Leibold, Nancyruth, and Laura Schwarz. "Virtual Simulations: A Creative, Evidence-Based Approach to Develop and Educate Nurses." Creative Nursing 23, no. 1 (2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.23.1.29.

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The use of virtual simulations in nursing is an innovative strategy that is increasing in application. There are several terms related to virtual simulation; although some are used interchangeably, the meanings are not the same. This article presents examples of virtual simulation, virtual worlds, and virtual patients in continuing education, staff development, and academic nursing education. Virtual simulations in nursing use technology to provide safe, as realistic as possible clinical practice for nurses and nursing students. Virtual simulations are useful for learning new skills; practicing a skill that puts content, high-order thinking, and psychomotor elements together; skill competency learning; and assessment for low-volume, high-risk skills. The purpose of this article is to describe the related terms, examples, uses, theoretical frameworks, challenges, and evidence related to virtual simulations in nursing.

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Pias, Claus. "On the Epistemology of Computer Simulation." ZMK Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturforschung 2/1/2011: Offene Objekte 2, no. 1 (2011): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000107521.

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"Der Aufsatz plädiert dafür, die Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Computersimulation auf eine spezifisch medienhistorische Weise zu untersuchen. Nach einigen Vorschlägen zur Charakterisierung der Besonderheiten von Computersimulationen werden zwei Beispiele interpretiert (Management-Simulationen der 1960er und verkehrstechnische bzw. epidemiologische Simulationen der 1990er). Daraus leiten sich Fragen nach dem veränderten Status wissenschaftlichen Wissens, nach der Genese wissenschaftstheoretischer Konzepte und nach wissenschaftskritischen Optionen ab. The paper suggests to analyze the history of scientific computer simulations with respect to the history of media. After presenting some ideas concerning the peculiarities of computer simulation, two examples (management simulations of the 1960s; traffic-related and epistemological simulations of the 1990s) are interpreted. From them, further questions concerning the status of scientific knowledge, the genesis of epistemological concepts and their critique are derived. "

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Jones, Ken. "Simulations and Anxiety Related to Public Speaking." Simulation & Games 17, no. 3 (September 1986): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037550086173004.

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Hongbo, Sun, and Mi Zhang. "A reflective memory based framework for crowd network simulations." International Journal of Crowd Science 2, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-01-2018-0004.

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Purpose As main mode of modern service industry and future economy society, the research on crowd network can greatly facilitate governances of economy society and make it more efficient, humane, sustainable and at the same time avoid disorders. However, because most results cannot be observed in real world, the research of crowd network cannot follow a traditional way. Simulation is the main means to put forward related research studies. Compared with other large-scale interactive simulations, simulation for crowd network has challenges of dynamic, diversification and massive participants. Fortunately, known as the most famous and widely accepted standard, high level architecture (HLA) has been widely used in large-scale simulations. But when it comes to crowd network, HLA has shortcomings like fixed federation, limited scale and agreement outside the software system. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework for crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem. Findings With reference to HLA, this paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based framework toward crowd network simulations. The proposed framework adopts a two-level federation-based architecture, system-level simulation (system federation) and application-level simulation (application federations), which separates simulation-related environments into physical and logical aspect to enhance the flexibility of simulations. Simulation definition is introduced in this architecture to resolve the problem of outside agreements and share resources pool (constructed by reflective memory) is used to address the systemic emergence and scale problem. Originality/value Simulation syntax and semantic are all settled under this framework by templates, especially interface templates, as simulations are separated by two-level federations, physical and logical simulation environment are considered separately; the definition of simulation execution is flexible. When developing new simulations, recompile is not necessary, which can acquire much more reusability, because reflective memory is adopted as share memory within given simulation execution in this framework; population can be perceived by all federates, which greatly enhances the scalability of this kind of simulations; communication efficiency and capability has greatly improved by this share memory-based framework.

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Yang, Jinguang, Min Zhang, and Yan Liu. "Numerical simulations and optimizations for turbine-related configurations." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190404295y.

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In order to accelerate the numerical simulation and optimization of gas turbine-related configurations, a source based computational fluid dynamics (SCFD) approach is developed for flow and heat transfer simulations. Different sources de-pending on the fluid porosity at each grid node in the computational domain are introduced to the continuity, momentum, energy and turbulence model equations, so that both the fluid and solid regions can be solved as one region. In the present paper, test cases including a ribbed channel and a winglet shrouded turbine cascade with tip injection are investigated using the SCFD and CFD with body-fitted meshes. Impacts of grid clustering and turbulence model equation sources on the SCFD precision are examined. Numerical results show that the SCFD predicts consistent aero-thermal performance with the fluid dynamics with body-fitted meshes and experiments. The validated SCFD scheme is then employed in a response surface optimization of tip jet holes on the winglet shroud tip. A jet arrangement with the minimum energy loss and injection mass-flow rate is obtained, indicating that source based predictions can be applied to the preliminary aero-thermal design of turbine blades.

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MARCOTTE, THOMAS D., ROBERT K. HEATON, TANYA WOLFSON, MICHAEL J. TAYLOR, OMAR ALHASSOON, KAIVON ARFAA, and IGOR GRANT. "The impact of HIV-related neuropsychological dysfunction on driving behavior." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 5, no. 7 (November 1999): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617799577011.

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HIV infection often results in neuropsychological (NP) impairment. In order to assess the impact that HIV-related NP deficits may have on automobile driving, we evaluated 68 HIV-seropositive drivers using an NP battery and two PC-based driving simulations. Thirty-two participants were classified as NP impaired; most (72%) evidenced only mild impairment, and none met criteria for HIV-associated dementia. After controlling for degree of immunosuppression and disease stage, NP-impaired participants failed a previously validated driving simulation at a much higher rate than cognitively intact participants [OR = 5.3, 95% CI (1.7, 17.0), p = .006]. Similarly, on a simulation of city driving, NP impaired participants were more likely to fail based upon the number of accidents [OR = 6.1, 95% CI (1.5, 24.6), p = .01]. Simulator performance was predicted by functioning in a number of NP domains, with NP tests accounting for 13–30% of the variance on the simulations. Although it would be premature to extrapolate these findings to impairment in on-the-road driving, they do argue for greater attention to the impact that even mild HIV-related NP deficits may have on driving skills. (JINS, 1999, 5, 579–592.)

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Ludwig, H. G. "Hydrodynamical simulations of convection-related stellar micro-variability." Astronomy & Astrophysics 445, no. 2 (December 16, 2005): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20042102.

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Ludwig, H. G., R. Samadi, M. Steffen, T. Appourchaux, F. Baudin, K. Belkacem, P. Boumier, M. J. Goupil, and E. Michel. "Hydrodynamical simulations of convection-related stellar micro-variability." Astronomy & Astrophysics 506, no. 1 (May 19, 2009): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200911930.

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Sinha, Siddharth, Benjamin Tam, and San Ming Wang. "Applications of Molecular Dynamics Simulation in Protein Study." Membranes 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090844.

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Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations is increasingly used as a powerful tool to study protein structure-related questions. Starting from the early simulation study on the photoisomerization in rhodopsin in 1976, MD Simulations has been used to study protein function, protein stability, protein–protein interaction, enzymatic reactions and drug–protein interactions, and membrane proteins. In this review, we provide a brief review for the history of MD Simulations application and the current status of MD Simulations applications in protein studies.

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Shah, Sharan J., Cristen Cusumano, Sadia Ahmed, Anthony Ma, Farrukh N. Jafri, and Christina J. Yang. "In Situ Simulation to Assess Pediatric Tracheostomy Care Safety: A Novel Multicenter Quality Improvement Program." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820923659.

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Objectives Our objectives were (1) to use in situ simulation to assess the clinical environment and identify latent safety threats (LSTs) related to the management of pediatric tracheostomy patients and (2) to analyze the effects of systems interventions and team factors on LSTs and simulation performance. Methods A multicenter, prospective study to assess LSTs related to pediatric tracheostomy care management was conducted in emergency departments (EDs) and intensive care units (ICUs). LSTs were identified through equipment checklists and in situ simulations via structured debriefs and blinded ratings of team performance. The research team and unit champions developed action plans with interventions to address each LST. Reassessment by equipment checklists and in situ simulations was repeated after 6 to 9 months. Results Forty-one LSTs were identified over 21 simulations, 24 in the preintervention group and 17 in the postintervention group. These included LSTs in access to equipment (ie, availability of suction catheters, lack of awareness of the location of tracheostomy tubes) and clinical knowledge gaps. Mean equipment checklist scores improved from 76% to 87%. Twenty-one unique teams (65 participants) participated in the simulations. The average simulation score was 6.19 out of 16 points. Discussion In situ simulation is feasible and effective as an assessment tool to identify latent safety threats and thus measure the system-level performance of a clinical care environment. Implications for Practice In situ simulation can be used to identify and reassess latent safety threats related to pediatric tracheostomy management and thereby support quality improvement and educational initiatives.

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Papadopoulos, Sotiris, Francisco Baez, Jonathan Alt, and Christian Darken. "Behavior Selection Using Utility-Based Reinforcement Learning in Irregular Warfare Simulation Models." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2013070105.

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The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provides a conceptual model for use in assessing behavioral intentions of humans. Agent based social simulations seek to represent the behavior of individuals in societies in order to understand the impact of a variety of interventions on the population in a given area. Previous work has described the implementation of the TPB in agent based social simulation using Bayesian networks. This paper describes the implementation of the TPB using novel learning techniques related to reinforcement learning. This paper provides case study results from an agent based simulation for behavior related to commodity consumption. Initial results demonstrate behavior more closely related to observable human behavior. This work contributes to the body of knowledge on adaptive learning behavior in agent based simulations.

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Zou, Jialin, Kun Wang, and Hongbo Sun. "An implementation architecture for crowd network simulations." International Journal of Crowd Science 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-11-2019-0034.

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Purpose Crowd network systems have been deemed as a promising mode of modern service industry and future economic society, and taking crowd network as the research object and exploring its operation mechanism and laws is of great significance for realizing the effective governance of the government and the rapid development of economy, avoiding social chaos and mutation. Because crowd network is a large-scale, dynamic and diversified online deep interconnection, its most results cannot be observed in real world, and it cannot be carried out in accordance with traditional way, simulation is of great importance to put forward related research. To solve above problems, this paper aims to propose a simulation architecture based on the characteristics of crowd network and to verify the feasibility of this architecture through a simulation example. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a data-driven architecture by deeply analyzing existing large-scale simulation architectures and proposes a novel reflective memory-based architecture for crowd network simulations. In this paper, the architecture is analyzed from three aspects: implementation framework, functional architecture and implementation architecture. The proposed architecture adopts a general structure to decouple related work in a harmonious way and gets support for reflection storage by connecting to different devices via reflection memory card. Several toolkits for system implementation are designed and connected by data-driven files (DDF), and these XML files constitute a persistent storage layer. To improve the credibility of simulations, VV&A (verification, validation and accreditation) is introduced into the architecture to verify the accuracy of simulation system executions. Findings Implementation framework introduces the scenes, methods and toolkits involved in the whole simulation architecture construction process. Functional architecture adopts a general structure to decouple related work in a harmonious way. In the implementation architecture, several toolkits for system implementation are designed, which are connected by DDF, and these XML files constitute a persistent storage layer. Crowd network simulations obtain the support of reflective memory by connecting the reflective memory cards on different devices and connect the interfaces of relevant simulation software to complete the corresponding function call. Meanwhile, to improve the credibility of simulations, VV&A is introduced into the architecture to verify the accuracy of simulation system executions. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel reflective memory-based architecture for crowd network simulations. Reflective memory is adopted as share memory within given simulation execution in this architecture; communication efficiency and capability have greatly improved by this share memory-based architecture. This paper adopts a data-driven architecture; the architecture mainly relies on XML files to drive the entire simulation process, and XML files have strong readability and do not need special software to read.

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Marín, F., F. Alhama, J. Solano, P. A. Meroño, and J. F. Sánchez. "Multi-scale Simulations of Dry Friction Using Network Simulation Method." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2016.2.00044.

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AbstractThe study of everyday phenomena involving friction continues to maintain a high level of difficulty despite its long history. The causes of this problem lie in the different scale of the characteristics of the phenomenon, macroscopic and microscopic. Thus, very different models, valid in a narrow scope which prevents generalization, have been appearing. This survey presents the application of network simulation method to the numerical solution to the study of friction at very different scales. On the one hand, on a microscopic scale an atomic force microscope model has been studied, related to the analysis of soft surfaces at the atomic scale. Furthermore, on a macroscopic scale model related to the analysis of an industrial device, such as a brake mechanism has been studied. After presenting herein is a review of the different formulations of the friction force, the nature of the surfaces involved in the phenomenon, as well as the definition of the problems to be analyzed. The design of network models and the implementation of the initial conditions are explained. The results of the application of network models to selected problems are presented. In order to verify the reliability of the proposed models, their results are compared with the solutions obtained by other numerical methods or experimental results, one from a device developed during the preparation of this report.

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Feng, Yifei, Kexin Li, and Yingxuan Wang. "Portfolio Construction of Energy-Related Assets." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501001.

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Portfolio construction is one of the most fatal issues of modern finance, which can effectively gain returns or reduce risks. This study constructs portfolios in energy-related assets. Specifically, the Monte Carlo simulations are carried out for a hundred thousand times in order to discover the efficient frontier and find the minimum variance and the maximum sharp ratio portfolio. According to the simulations, the American Electric Power possesses the largest share in minimum variance portfolio, while NextEra Energy for sharp ratio method. The results may benefit certain investor in financial markets and shed lights to focus more on portfolio allocation during constructing.

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Sebesan, Ioan, and Yahia Zakaria. "Analyzing the Static Behavior of a Bogie Frame by Comparing Two Methods of Simulations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.243.

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The bogie frame, which is used on LDE 060-DA locomotives, will be the subject of this paper. The method of analyzing its static behavior includes two static structural simulations. The first simulation is performed with SolidWorks while the second one is performed with Ansys. The simulations steps and the related assumptions will be explained in details. Finally the two sets of results gained from both simulations are compared to draw out final conclusions.

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Freytag, B. "Numerical Simulations of Stellar Surface Convection and Related Phenomena." EAS Publications Series 28 (2008): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas:0828002.

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Gardner, Davis L., and Penny Benzing. "AGE‐RELATED SENSORY CHANGES: USING SIMULATIONS IN GERIATRIC EDUCATION." Educational Gerontology 16, no. 6 (January 1990): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0380127900160604.

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Linna, R. P., V. V. Lehtola, and K. Kaski. "Coarse-grained simulations of biological polymers and related processes." Physics Procedia 6 (2010): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.09.029.

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Eichinger, B. E., D. Rigby, and J. Stein. "Cohesive properties of Ultem and related molecules from simulations." Polymer 43, no. 2 (January 2002): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-3156(01)00002-2.

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Seppälä, Eira T., Ole Kirkeby, Asta Kärkkäinen, Leo Kärkkäinen, and Tomi Huttunen. "Simulations of head‐related transfer functions in wideband acoustics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 5 (May 2006): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786885.

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Aveiro, H. C., D. L. Hysell, J. Park, and H. Lühr. "Equatorial spreadF-related currents: Three-dimensional simulations and observations." Geophysical Research Letters 38, no. 21 (November 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049586.

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Kallikragas, Dimitrios T., and Igor M. Svishchev. "Atomistic simulations of corrosion related species in nano-cracks." Corrosion Science 135 (May 2018): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.02.056.

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Vacca, Claudia, José Orozco, Albert Figueras, and Dolors Capellà. "Assessment of Risks Related to Medicine Dispensing by Nonprofessionals in Colombia: Clinical Case Simulations." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 3 (March 2005): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1e420.

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BACKGROUND: Appropriate dispensing is one of the steps for rational drug use, so it is generally advised that the dispenser should have relevant and updated knowledge, skills, and attitudes. OBJECTIVE: To assess pharmacies and nonprofessional employees' (NEs) skills and knowledge, as well as their response to several specific case simulations in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on a random sample of 371 pharmacies in Bogotá. Information from each pharmacy was obtained using 2 approaches: (1) direct interview to collect data on organizational aspects of the store and characteristics of NEs, and (2) simulation (both by direct interview and by telephone) to assess dispensing responses in 6 simulated clinical cases. RESULTS: More than half of the simulated clinical situations resulted in inappropriate dispensing (direct simulations 57%; telephone simulations 55%). The proportion of correct answers to theoretical questions regarding a specific therapeutic problem during interviews was higher than the response when a simulation presented that same case and a dispensing act was expected. The educational background of the NEs included in the study points to a specific problem: two-thirds of the individuals selling medicines had completed only secondary-level education and only 2% of the sample had a pharmacist as technical director. Continuing education courses were either directly organized by drug manufacturers (one-third of the courses attended by pharmacists) or sponsored by them (more than an additional one-third). CONCLUSIONS: NEs should be considered part of the therapeutic chain and, if appropriately updated or instructed, could play a very important role in the always difficult promotion of rational drug use. Public health institutions and universities should be more actively involved in the provision of independent, unbiased, and essential information on common therapeutic problems, safety concerns, and new drug prescription restrictions.

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Sibbald, Matt, Bingxian Wang, and Kyla Caners. "Managing cognitive load in simulations: exploring the role of simulation technologists." Canadian Medical Education Journal 10, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): e48-e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68093.

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Background: Facilitating simulation is a complex task with high cognitive load. Simulation technologists are often recruited to help run scenarios and lower some of the extraneous load. We used cognitive load theory to explore the impact of technologists on instructors, identifying sources of instructor cognitive load with and without technologists present. Methods: Data was collected from 56 simulation sessions for postgraduate emergency medicine residents. Instructors delivered 14 of the sessions without a technologist. After each session, the instructor and simulation technologist (if present) provided quantitative and qualitative data on the cognitive load of the simulation. Results: Instructors rated their cognitive load similarly regardless of whether simulation technologists were present. However, the composition of their cognitive load differed. Instructors experienced less cognitive load related to the simulator and technical resources when technologists were present. Qualitative feedback from instructors suggested real consequences to these differences in cognitive load in (1) perceived complexities in running the scenario, and (2) observations of learners. Conclusions: We provide evidence that simulation technologists can remove some of the extraneous load related to the simulator and technical resources for the instructor, allowing the instructor to focus more on observing the learner(s) and tailoring the scenario to their actions.

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Davis, Phillip E., Corey J. Fox, Jason D. DeBode, and Lori T. Peterson. "Is Avoiding the Appearance of Incompetence the Key to Success? An Examination of Team Goal Orientation and Performance in a Simulation Environment." Journal of Educational Computing Research 58, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1562–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633120940955.

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A key challenge for educators in business is to incorporate learning tools that mimic the uncertainty and complexity of the real business environment. However, recent advancements in technology have offered new tools that address this challenge. One such increasingly popular tool has been computer simulations. While the use of simulations has grown in business education, the research on simulations is quite nascent. This is especially true when it comes to understanding which factors lead students to perform better or worse in a business simulation environment. By integrating goal the orientation and generative learning literature, this study seeks to address this shortcoming in the existing literature. More specifically, we explore how student teams’ goal orientation affects their team’s performance in a simulation context. Results suggest Learn and Avoid Goal orientations are positively related to an objective performance metric (i.e., sales growth), while the Avoid Goal orientation is positively related to a subjective performance metric of team effectiveness. On the other hand, the Prove Goal orientation was negatively related to both metrics. The paper concludes with a discussion of the contributions and implications for both team development and pedagogical approaches to team support.

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Zhang, Min, Guo Fang Zhang, and Yu Xi Jia. "Molecular Dynamic and Mesoscopic Dynamic Simulations for Polymer Blends." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.496.

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The compatibilities of polymer blends, Polypropylene (PP) and Polyamide12(PA12) with the quantity ratio 10/90, was simulated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Mesoscopic Dynamic simulation (MesoDyn) simulations. Cohesive energy density (CED) and solubility parameters (δ) of pure substances and PP/PA12 blends were got by MD simulations. Flory-Huggins parameter was calculated based on CED values. The mesoscale simulation was related to the molecular simulation through Flory-Huggins parameter. Free energy density and the density profiles were got through MesoDyn simulation. Results showed that solubility parameter difference (Δδ) of PP/PA12 is 4.092 and free energy density value is 0.17 in the equivalent system. And phase separation behavior was observed in the density profiles. All these indicates that PP and PA12 is not miscible which is the same as the experiment results.

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Wagner, Thomas, Steffen Dörner, Steffen Beirle, Sebastian Donner, and Stefan Kinne. "Quantitative comparison of measured and simulated O4 absorptions for one day with extremely low aerosol load over the tropical Atlantic." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 3871–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3871-2021.

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Abstract. In this study, we compare measured and simulated O4 absorptions for conditions of extremely low aerosol optical depth (between 0.034 to 0.056 at 360 nm) on one day during a ship cruise in the tropical Atlantic. For such conditions, the uncertainties related to imperfect knowledge of aerosol properties do not significantly affect the comparison results. We find that the simulations underestimate the measurements by 15 % to 20 %. Even for simulations without any aerosols, the measured O4 absorptions are still systematically higher than the simulation results. The observed discrepancies cannot be explained by uncertainties of the measurements and simulations and thus indicate a fundamental inconsistency between simulations and measurements.

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Arnett, David. "Theory, observation and experiment: stellar hydrodynamics." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 189 (1997): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900116936.

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Computer technology now allows two dimensional (2D) simulations, with complex microphysics, of stellar hydrodynamics and evolutionary sequences, and holds the promise for 3D. Careful validation of astrophysical methods, by laboratory experiment, by critical comparison of numerical and analytical methods, and by observation are necessary for the development of simulation methods with reliable predictive capability. Recent and surprising results from isotopic patterns in pre-solar grains, 2D hydrodynamic simulations of stellar evolution, and laser tests and computer simulations of Richtmeyer-Meshkov and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities will be discussed, and related to stellar evolution and supernovae.

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Wongsuwan, Wachirawut, Jiradawan Huntula, and Chen-Chung Liu. "The interactive computer simulation and learning activity for facilitating students’ conceptual understanding on the buoyant force through the CoSci learning platform." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2145, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2145/1/012075.

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Abstract Learning science, especially in the physics field, there are many varieties of invisible and abstract phenomena that are hard and difficult for students to observe and learn. One of the tools that can help students to understand those phenomena in a better way is computer simulations. The computer simulations are usually used in both on-site classroom and on-line learning platforms. Learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era at present, the computer simulations are very important for helping students to understand the physics concept. Interactive computer simulation can be considered as one of the effective methods of facilitating inquiry learning in science, as it allows students to experience the scientific inquiry process and facilitates students to understand an abstract conception and to understand the relationship between variables of invisible phenomena more clearly in reasonable ways. This study aimed to develop the interactive computer simulation and learning activity for enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force on the CoSci learning platform. Totally eighteen participants were studied in the twelfth grade in science classrooms of a university-affiliated school project (SCiUS), Khon Kaen University, Thailand, in 2019. The learning activity was developed based on students’ alternative concepts and used to facilitate students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force. There were six basic concepts related to the buoyant force constructed based on the predict-observe-explain strategy (POE) with the interactive computer simulation (i.e., the CoSci learning platform) in the learning activity. The learning activity on the CoSci learning platform consisted of eight pie charts such as 1) main question pie chart, 2) density pie chart, 3) water level pie chart, 4) volume pie chart, 5) mass pie chart, 6) weight pie chart, 7) submerged depth pie chart, and 8) answer pie chart. There were six interactive computer simulations used in this research including 1) density simulation, 2) water level simulation, 3) volume simulation, 4) mass simulation, 5) submerged depth simulation, and 6) weight simulation. All of these simulations were developed on the CoSci learning platform (https://cosci.tw/). The findings showed that 72% of students performed better in the post-test scores than in the pre-test score in all six basic concepts related to the buoyant force after learning buoyant force on the CoSci platform. Furthermore, the most difficulty in changing misconception in learning of the buoyant force was the concept related to the mass of the object.

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Teufel, Bernardo, Laxmi Sushama, Vincent Poitras, Tarek Dukhan, Stéphane Bélair, Luis Miranda-Moreno, Lijun Sun, Agus P. Sasmito, and Girma Bitsuamlak. "Impact of COVID-19-Related Traffic Slowdown on Urban Heat Characteristics." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020243.

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Governments around the world have implemented measures to slow down the spread of COVID-19, resulting in a substantial decrease in the usage of motorized transportation. The ensuing decrease in the emission of traffic-related heat and pollutants is expected to impact the environment through various pathways, especially near urban areas, where there is a higher concentration of traffic. In this study, we perform high-resolution urban climate simulations to assess the direct impact of the decrease in traffic-related heat emissions due to COVID-19 on urban temperature characteristics. One simulation spans the January–May 2020 period; two additional simulations spanning the April 2019–May 2020 period, with normal and reduced traffic, are used to assess the impacts throughout the year. These simulations are performed for the city of Montreal, the second largest urban centre in Canada. The mechanisms and main findings of this study are likely to be applicable to most large urban centres around the globe. The results show that an 80% reduction in traffic results in a decrease of up to 1 °C in the near-surface temperature for regions with heavy traffic. The magnitude of the temperature decrease varies substantially with the diurnal traffic cycle and also from day to day, being greatest when the near-surface wind speeds are low and there is a temperature inversion in the surface layer. This reduction in near-surface temperature is reflected by an up to 20% reduction in hot hours (when temperature exceeds 30 °C) during the warm season, thus reducing heat stress for vulnerable populations. No substantial changes occur outside of traffic corridors, indicating that potential reductions in traffic would need to be supplemented by additional measures to reduce urban temperatures and associated heat stress, especially in a warming climate, to ensure human health and well-being.

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Hung, Ying-Chao, and Wei-Cheng Chen. "Simulation of some multivariate distributions related to the Dirichlet distribution with application to Monte Carlo simulations." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 46, no. 6 (January 18, 2017): 4281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2015.1115066.

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Łoś, Kacper, Jacek Chmielewski, and Włodzimierz Łuczyński. "Relationship between Executive Functions, Mindfulness, Stress, and Performance in Pediatric Emergency Simulations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062040.

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Over the past decade, high-fidelity medical simulation has become an accepted and widely used teaching method in pediatrics. Both simulation and work in the real conditions of emergency departments are accompanied by stress that affects the executive functions of participants. One of the methods for reducing stress among medical students and healthcare professionals is the practice of mindfulness. The aim of this study was to examine whether executive functions, mindfulness, and stress are related to the technical and non-technical skills of medical students participating in medical simulations in pediatrics. The study included 153 final-year medical students. A total of 306 high-fidelity simulations of life-threatening situations involving children were conducted. Results: Stress and the coping mechanism of the participants were correlated to their skills during pediatric simulations. Some components of mindfulness, such as non-judgment and conscious action, were positively related to the skills of medical team leaders. Executive functions correlated with the non-technical skills and mindfulness of the medical students. Conclusions: Stress, mindfulness, and executive functions modeled the behavior and skills of medical students during pediatric simulations of life-threatening events. Further research in this area may prove whether mindfulness training will improve learning outcomes in pediatric emergency medicine.

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Neiderman, Eric C. "Real-Time Simulation of Multiple Parallel Approaches." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 17 (October 1993): 1191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701715.

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This paper describes an ongoing program of real-time, interactive air traffic control simulations to test and evaluate the feasibility of conducting closely-spaced, Independent, instrument approaches to dual, triple, and quadruple parallel runways. Real-time simulations are used to test and evaluate the human, technological, and systemic issues critical to the implementation of independent multiple parallel approaches. These simulations quantitatively evaluate controller performance, pilot/aircraft performance, and airport capacity issues. Simulation data are also used in the assessment of risk associated with the operation. To address human capabilities and limitations, qualitative analyses are used to assess the opinions of controllers, flight crew members, simulation technical observers, and recognized subject matter experts. This paper describes the planning, implementation, data collection, analysis, and related issues involved in real-time simulation for the development of national standards for independent multiple parallel approaches.

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35

Toma, M., F. E. A. Njilie, M. Ghajari, and U. Galvanetto. "Assessing motorcycle crash-related head injuries using finite element simulations." International Journal of Simulation Modelling 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2010): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/ijsimm09(3)3.164.

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36

Melissinos, G., and M. Danikas. "On Polymers Nanocomposites: Electrical Treeing, Breakdown models and Related Simulations." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 2627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1726.

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This paper deals with polymer nanocomposites and their related breakdown mechanisms. Polymer nanocomposites seem to be a very promising alternative to conventional polymers regarding high voltage applications. Some developed breakdown models are discussed as well as the mechanism of treeing in such materials. Treeing simulation results are presented.

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37

Zoto, Kastriot, Nabil Mlaiki, and Hassen Aydi. "Related Fixed Point Theorems via General Approach of Simulations Functions." Journal of Mathematics 2020 (September 4, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4820191.

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In this work, we extend and complement some results in view of general and wider structures, such as b − metric spaces. By considering existing classes of Ζ − contractions and Ψ − simulating functions with a solid impact in database results of fixed point theory, we introduce a new general class of simulating functions, called as Ψ − s simulation functions, and also types of κ ψ − s − contractions in a more general framework. This approach covers, extends, and unifies several published works in the early and late literature.

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38

Lan, Yidan, and Anthony D. Rosato. "Convection related phenomena in granular dynamics simulations of vibrated beds." Physics of Fluids 9, no. 12 (December 1997): 3615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869499.

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Sansom, Mark SP. "Models and simulations of ion channels and related membrane proteins." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80045-6.

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Cooper, Richard P. "Two closely related simulations provide weak limits on Residual Normality." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 6 (December 2002): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0225013x.

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Thomas & Karmiloff-Smith (T&K-S) correctly identify Residual Normality (RN) as a critical assumption of some theorising about mental structure within developmental psychology. However, their simulations provide only weak support for the conditions under which RN may occur because they explore closely related architectures that share a learning algorithm. It is suggested that more work is required to establish the limits of RN.

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Zhdanov, Vladimir P. "Simulations of processes related to H2–O2 PEM fuel cells." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 607, no. 1-2 (September 2007): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.09.003.

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van Sonsbeek, Jan-Maarten. "Micro simulations on the effects of ageing-related policy measures." Economic Modelling 27, no. 5 (September 2010): 968–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.05.004.

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43

Kalli, Antreas C., and Mark S. P. Sansom. "Interactions of peripheral proteins with model membranes as viewed by molecular dynamics simulations." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 5 (September 18, 2014): 1418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140144.

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Many cellular signalling and related events are triggered by the association of peripheral proteins with anionic lipids in the cell membrane (e.g. phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs). This association frequently occurs via lipid-binding modules, e.g. pleckstrin homology (PH), C2 and four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domains, present in peripheral and cytosolic proteins. Multiscale simulation approaches that combine coarse-grained and atomistic MD simulations may now be applied with confidence to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the association of peripheral proteins with model bilayers. Comparisons with experimental data indicate that such simulations can predict specific peripheral protein–lipid interactions. We discuss the application of multiscale MD simulation and related approaches to investigate the association of peripheral proteins which contain PH, C2 or FERM-binding modules with lipid bilayers of differing phospholipid composition, including bilayers containing multiple PIP molecules.

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Arteta, J., V. Marécal, and E. D. Rivière. "Regional modelling of tracer transport by tropical convection – Part 2: Sensitivity to model resolutions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (March 4, 2009): 5929–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-5929-2009.

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Abstract. The general objective of this series of two papers is to evaluate long duration limited-area simulations with idealised tracers as a tool to assess the tracer transport in chemistry-transport models (CTMs). In this second paper we analyse the results of three simulations using different horizontal and vertical resolutions against meteorological observations and their impact on idealized tracer transport. The reference simulation (REF) uses a 60 km horizontal resolution and 300 m vertically in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). A 20 km horizontal resolution simulation (HR) is run as well as a simulation (CVR) with 850 m vertical resolution in the UTLS. The simulations are run for one month during the SCOUT-O3 field campaign. The Falcon and Geophysica aircraft data and the TRMM rainrate estimates have been used to evaluate the simulations. They show that the HR configuration gives generally a better agreement with the measurements than the REF simulation, the CVR simulation giving generally the worst results. The vertical distribution of the tropospheric tracers for the simulations has a similar shape with a 15 km altitude maximum of 0.4 ppbv for REF, 1.2 for HR and 0.04 for CVR. This is related to the dynamics produced by the three simulations that leads to larger values of the upward velocities on average for HR and lower for CVR compared to REF. The HR provides more frequent overshoots over the cold point dynamical barrier than REF and CVR. For the stratospheric tracers the differences between the three simulations are small. The diurnal cycle of the fluxes of all tracers in the TTL (Tropical Tropopause Layer) exhibits a maximum linked to the maximum of convective activity that is particularly well marked in the HR simulation. The largest integrated fluxes are found for tropospheric tracers in HR.

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Baumgaertner, A. J. G., A. Seppälä, P. Jöckel, and M. A. Clilverd. "Geomagnetic activity related NOx enhancements and polar surface air temperature variability in a chemistry climate model: modulation of the NAM index." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2010): 30171–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-30171-2010.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy is used to simulate polar surface air temperature effects of geomagnetic activity variations. A transient model simulation was performed for the years 1960–2004 and is shown to develop polar surface air temperature patterns that depend on geomagnetic activity strength, similar to previous studies. In order to eliminate influencing factors such as sea surface temperatures (SST) or UV variations, two nine-year long simulations were carried out, with strong and weak geomagnetic activity, respectively, while all other boundary conditions were held to year 2000 levels. Statistically significant temperature effects that were observed in previous reanalysis and model results are also obtained from this set of simulations, suggesting that such patterns are indeed related to geomagnetic activity. In the model, strong geomagnetic activity and the associated NOx enhancements lead to polar stratospheric ozone loss. Compared with the simulation with weak geomagnetic activity, the ozone loss causes a decrease in ozone radiative cooling and thus a temperature increase in the polar winter mesosphere. Similar to previous studies, a cooling is found below the stratopause, which other authors have attributed to a decrease in the mean meridional circulation. In the polar stratosphere this leads to a more stable vortex. A strong (weak) Northern Hemisphere vortex is known to be associated with a positive (negative) Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index; our simulations exhibit a positive NAM index for strong geomagnetic activity, and a negative NAM for weak geomagnetic activity. Such NAM anomalies have been shown to propagate to the surface, and this is also seen in the model simulations. NAM anomalies are known to lead to specific surface temperature anomalies: a positive NAM is associated with warmer than average northern Eurasia and colder than average eastern North Atlantic. This is also the case in our simulation. Our simulations suggest a link between geomagnetic activity, ozone loss, stratospheric cooling, the NAM, and surface temperature variability.

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46

Baumgaertner, A. J. G., A. Seppälä, P. Jöckel, and M. A. Clilverd. "Geomagnetic activity related NOx enhancements and polar surface air temperature variability in a chemistry climate model: modulation of the NAM index." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 9 (May 12, 2011): 4521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4521-2011.

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Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy is used to simulate polar surface air temperature effects of geomagnetic activity variations. A transient model simulation was performed for the years 1960–2004 and is shown to develop polar surface air temperature patterns that depend on geomagnetic activity strength, similar to previous studies. In order to eliminate influencing factors such as sea surface temperatures (SST) or UV variations, two nine-year long simulations were carried out, with strong and weak geomagnetic activity, respectively, while all other boundary conditions were held to year 2000 levels. Statistically significant temperature effects that were observed in previous reanalysis and model results are also obtained from this set of simulations, suggesting that such patterns are indeed related to geomagnetic activity. In the model, strong geomagnetic activity and the associated NOx (= NO + NO2) enhancements lead to polar stratospheric ozone loss. Compared with the simulation with weak geomagnetic activity, the ozone loss causes a decrease in ozone radiative cooling and thus a temperature increase in the polar winter mesosphere. Similar to previous studies, a cooling is found below the stratopause, which other authors have attributed to a decrease in the mean meridional circulation. In the polar stratosphere this leads to a more stable vortex. A strong (weak) Northern Hemisphere vortex is known to be associated with a positive (negative) Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index; our simulations exhibit a positive NAM index for strong geomagnetic activity, and a negative NAM for weak geomagnetic activity. Such NAM anomalies have been shown to propagate to the surface, and this is also seen in the model simulations. NAM anomalies are known to lead to specific surface temperature anomalies: a positive NAM is associated with warmer than average northern Eurasia and colder than average eastern North Atlantic. This is also the case in our simulation. Our simulations suggest a link between geomagnetic activity, ozone loss, stratospheric cooling, the NAM, and surface temperature variability. Further work is required to identify the precise cause and effect of the coupling between these regions.

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47

Proffen, Th, R. B. Neder, and S. J. L. Billinge. "Teaching diffraction using computer simulations over the Internet." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 6 (November 17, 2001): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801013656.

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Computer simulations are a versatile tool to enhance the teaching of diffraction physics and related crystallographic topics to students of chemistry, materials science, physics and crystallography. Interactive computer simulations are presented, which have been added to a World Wide Web (WWW) based tutorial. A simple WWW interface is used to choose appropriate values for selected simulation parameters. The resulting structure and diffraction pattern are then plotted on the screen. Simulated structures range from a single atom to complex disordered or modulated structures. The simple interface requires no special computing knowledge and allows students to explore systematically the relationship between a real-space structure and the corresponding diffraction pattern. The large function set of the underlying simulation program (DISCUS) makes it easy to tailor the tutorial to a given syllabus by modifying or extending the current interactive examples.

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48

Arteta, J., V. Marécal, and E. D. Rivière. "Regional modelling of tracer transport by tropical convection – Part 2: Sensitivity to model resolutions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 24, 2009): 7101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7101-2009.

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Abstract. The general objective of this series of two papers is to evaluate long duration limited-area simulations with idealised tracers as a possible tool to assess the tracer transport in chemistry-transport models (CTMs). In this second paper we analyse the results of three simulations using different horizontal and vertical resolutions. The goal is to study the impact of the model spatial resolution on convective transport of idealized tracer in the tropics. The reference simulation (REF) uses a 60 km horizontal resolution and 300 m vertically in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). A 20 km horizontal resolution simulation (HR) is run as well as a simulation with 850 m vertical resolution in the UTLS (CVR). The simulations are run for one month during the SCOUT-O3 field campaign. Aircraft data, TRMM rainrate estimates and radiosoundings have been used to evaluate the simulations. They show that the HR configuration gives generally a better agreement with the measurements than the REF simulation. The CVR simulation gives generally the worst results. The vertical distribution of the tropospheric tracers for the simulations has a similar shape with a ~15 km altitude maximum for the 6h-lifetime tracer of 0.4 ppbv for REF, 1.2 for HR and 0.04 for CVR. These differences are related to the dynamics produced by the three simulations that leads to larger values of the upward velocities on average for HR and lower for CVR compared to REF. HR simulates more frequent and stronger convection leading to enhanced fluxes compared to REF and higher detrainment levels compared to CVR. HR provides also occasional overshoots over the cold point dynamical barrier. For the stratospheric tracers the differences between the three simulations are small. The diurnal cycle of the fluxes of all tracers in the Tropical Tropopause Layer exhibits a maximum linked to the maximum of convective activity.

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49

Möring, Sebastian. "The Metaphor-Simulation Paradox in the Study of Computer Games." International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 5, no. 4 (October 2013): 48–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2013100103.

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This article discusses the metaphor-simulation paradox in the study of computer games. It is derived from three observations. Firstly, often when authors use the concept of metaphor with regard to games they use it in conceptual and textual vicinity to the concept of simulation. Secondly, the concept of metaphor is often applied to signify seemingly abstract games in opposition to mimetic simulations. Both observations can be made within an artgame discourse of the study of computer games as well as within the more general discourse of the study of computer games. Thirdly, however, the definitions for simulation as well as for metaphor are strikingly similar which culminates in the metaphor-simulation paradox i.e. the notions of metaphor and simulation are not distinct enough in order to make the distinctions which are usually made with these notions with regard to computer games. In an attempt to reconcile both notions with regard to computer games this article will make three suggestions. Observing that simulations are often called metaphors with regard to their degree of reduction or abstraction the first suggestion argues that simulations are essentially synecdochic and hence metaphoric when following a broad notion of metaphor. Based on the assumption that simulation is not a matter of similarity the second suggestion proposes to distinguish between a first order simulation and a second order simulation which can then be considered metaphoric. As a third and final suggestion the author offers to consider simulation and metaphor as related via the notion of the model. Simulations are based on models and metaphors provide models such that one can speak of metaphor based simulations.

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Rother, Kristian, Inga Karl, and Simon Nestler. "Towards Virtual Reality Crisis Simulation as a Tool for Usability Testing of Crisis Related Interactive Systems." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2015070103.

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Usability testing is expensive in some domains due to the resource requirements that go hand in hand with taking a complex context of use into account. Crisis-related research is one such domain, typically requiring the reenactment of an extensive crisis scenario. To lessen the resource requirements and provide a more flexible setup geared towards testing, crisis scenarios can be reconstructed as virtual reality simulations. This paper outlines the development of an initial prototype of such a simulation following the design science method. The prototype is used to test if injecting an item that will be tested into the simulation affects the realism of the virtual reality crisis simulation. The realism was measured in a within-subject experiment and equivalence tests showed that injecting a representation of a simple app had no significant influence on the realism of the simulation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'And related simulations'

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