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Journal articles on the topic 'And readout'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Leach, Robert W. "CCD Controllers." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 167 (1995): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900056254.

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The requirements of current and next generation CCD controllers in the areas of CCD device and system architectures, readout noise, number and speed of readouts are reviewed together with such operational requirements as system flexibility, power consumption, cost and weight. The basic components of a CCD controller are described, including the timing sequencer, clock drivers, video processor and computer interface. The capabilities and implementation of the CCD controller developed at San Diego State are reviewed. An upgraded controller is described to overcome limitations in the area of readout speed and efficient support of multiple readout capability.

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Lathwal, Shefali, and Hadley D. Sikes. "Assessment of colorimetric amplification methods in a paper-based immunoassay for diagnosis of malaria." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 8 (2016): 1374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00058d.

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3

Zhou, You, and Bing Yan. "A responsive MOF nanocomposite for decoding volatile organic compounds." Chemical Communications 52, no. 11 (2016): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09029f.

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A molecular decoding platform, which recognizes aromatic VOCs with distinctly different 2D readouts, has been developed by a responsive luminescent MOF nanocomposite. The VOC recognition is based on an unprecedented dual-readout orthogonal identification scheme.

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4

Yoshimura, Yuuki, Daisuke Suzuki, and Kanae Miyahara. "Evaluation of Image Quality of Readout Segmented EPI with Readout Partial Fourier Technique." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 73, no. 12 (2017): 1244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2017_jsrt_73.12.1244.

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5

Habenschuss, Stefan, Helmut Puhr, and Wolfgang Maass. "Emergence of Optimal Decoding of Population Codes Through STDP." Neural Computation 25, no. 6 (June 2013): 1371–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00446.

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The brain faces the problem of inferring reliable hidden causes from large populations of noisy neurons, for example, the direction of a moving object from spikes in area MT. It is known that a theoretically optimal likelihood decoding could be carried out by simple linear readout neurons if weights of synaptic connections were set to certain values that depend on the tuning functions of sensory neurons. We show here that such theoretically optimal readout weights emerge autonomously through STDP in conjunction with lateral inhibition between readout neurons. In particular, we identify a class of optimal STDP learning rules with homeostatic plasticity, for which the autonomous emergence of optimal readouts can be explained on the basis of a rigorous learning theory. This theory shows that the network motif we consider approximates expectation-maximization for creating internal generative models for hidden causes of high-dimensional spike inputs. Notably, we find that this optimal functionality can be well approximated by a variety of STDP rules beyond those predicted by theory. Furthermore, we show that this learning process is very stable and automatically adjusts weights to changes in the number of readout neurons, the tuning functions of sensory neurons, and the statistics of external stimuli.

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Kümmel, Anne, Hanspeter Gubler, Patricia Gehin, Martin Beibel, Daniela Gabriel, and Christian N. Parker. "Integration of Multiple Readouts into the Z' Factor for Assay Quality Assessment." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 15, no. 1 (November 25, 2009): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109351311.

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Methods that monitor the quality of a biological assay (i.e., its ability to discriminate between positive and negative controls) are essential for the development of robust assays. In screening, the most commonly used parameter for monitoring assay quality is the Z' factor, which is based on 1 selected readout. However, biological assays are able to monitor multiple readouts. For example, novel multiparametric screening technologies such as high-content screening provide information-rich data sets with multiple readouts on a compound’s effect. Still, assay quality is commonly assessed by the Z' factor based on a single selected readout. This report suggests an extension of the Z' factor, which integrates multiple readouts for assay quality assessment. Using linear projections, multiple readouts are condensed to a single parameter, based on which the assay quality is monitored. The authors illustrate and evaluate this approach using simulated data and real-world data from a high-content screen. The suggested approach is applicable during assay development, to optimize the image analysis, as well as during screening to monitor assay robustness. Furthermore, data sets from high-content imaging assays and other state-of-the-art multiparametric screening technologies, such as flow cytometry or transcript analysis, could be analyzed.

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Asaadi, Jonathan, Martin Auger, Roman Berner, Alan Bross, Yifan Chen, Mark Convery, Laura Domine, et al. "A New Concept for Kilotonne Scale Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers." Instruments 4, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010006.

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We develop a novel Time Projection Chamber (TPC) concept suitable for deployment in kilotonne-scale detectors, with a charge-readout system free from reconstruction ambiguities, and a robust TPC design that reduces high-voltage risks while increasing the coverage of the light-collection system and maximizing the active volume. This novel concept could be used as a far detector module in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). For the charge-readout system, we used the charge-collection pixels and associated application-specific integrated circuits currently being developed for the liquid argon (LAr) component of the DUNE Near Detector design, ArgonCube. In addition, we divided the TPC into a number of shorter drift volumes, reducing the total voltage used to drift the ionization electrons, and minimizing the stored energy per TPC. Segmenting the TPC also contains scintillation light, allowing for precise trigger localization and a more expansive light-readout system. Furthermore, the design opens the possibility of replacing or upgrading components. These augmentations could substantially improve the reliability and the sensitivity, particularly for low-energy signals, in comparison to traditional monolithic LArTPCs with projective-wire charge readouts.

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Xie, Siwei, Zhiliang Zhu, Xi Zhang, Qiangqiang Xie, Hongsen Yu, Yibin Zhang, Jianfeng Xu, and Qiyu Peng. "Optical Simulation and Experimental Assessment with Time–Walk Correction of TOF–PET Detectors with Multi-Ended Readouts." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144681.

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As a commonly used solution, the multi-ended readout can measure the depth-of-interaction (DOI) for positron emission tomography (PET) detectors. In the present study, the effects of the multi-ended readout design were investigated using the leading-edge discriminator (LED) triggers on the timing performance of time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors. At the very first, the photon transmission model of the four detectors, namely, single-ended readout, dual-ended readout, side dual-ended readout, and triple-ended readout, was established in Tracepro. The optical simulation revealed that the light output of the multi-ended readout was higher. Meanwhile, the readout circuit could be triggered earlier. Especially, in the triple-ended readout, the light output at 0.5 ns was observed to be nearly twice that of the single-ended readout after the first scintillating photon was generated. Subsequently, a reference detector was applied to test the multi-ended readout detectors that were constructed from a 6 × 6 × 25 mm3 LYSO crystal. Each module is composed of a crystal coupled with multiple SiPMs. Accordingly, its timing performance was improved by approximately 10% after the compensation of fourth-order polynomial fitting. Finally, the compensated full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) coincidence timing resolutions (CTR) of the dual-ended readout, side dual-ended readout, and triple-ended readout were 216.9 ps, 231.0 ps, and 203.6 ps, respectively.

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9

GAO, ZHIYUAN, SUYING YAO, JIANGTAO XU, and CHAO XU. "DYNAMIC RANGE EXTENSION OF CMOS IMAGE SENSORS USING MULTI-INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE WITH COMPACT READOUT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 06 (July 2013): 1350042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500424.

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A multi-integration technology with compact readout method to extend CMOS image sensor's dynamic range is presented. Compared with the timing of rolling readout, compact readout extends the available pixel readout time by adjusting the time-domain offset between two adjacent rows and each integration time in one frame. Thus the column readout bus is working continuously rather than intermittently, which makes good use of the whole integration time and the available readout time can be extended. This dynamic range extension technology was implemented on a prototype chip with a 128 × 128 pixel array. The pixel readout time with compact readout method is almost as 3 times long as the one with rolling readout method while 39 dB dynamic range extension is achieved at 120 fps.

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10

Lauschke, Karin, Andreas Frederik Treschow, Mikkel Aabech Rasmussen, Nichlas Davidsen, Bjørn Holst, Jenny Emnéus, Camilla Taxvig, and Anne Marie Vinggaard. "Creating a human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based NKX2.5 reporter gene assay for developmental toxicity testing." Archives of Toxicology 95, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 1659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03018-y.

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AbstractTo test large numbers of chemicals for developmental toxicity, rapid in vitro tests with standardized readouts for automated data acquisition are needed. However, the most widely used assay, the embryonic stem cell test, relies on the counting of beating embryoid bodies by visual inspection, which is laborious and time consuming. We previously developed the PluriBeat assay based on differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that we demonstrated to be predictive for known teratogens at relevant concentrations using the readout of beating cardiomyocytes. Here, we report the development of a novel assay, which we term the PluriLum assay, where we have introduced a luciferase reporter gene into the locus of NKX2.5 of our hiPSC line. This enabled us to measure luminescence intensities instead of counting beating cardiomyocytes, which is less labor intensive. We established two NKX2.5 reporter cell lines and validated their pluripotency and genetic stability. Moreover, we confirmed that the genetically engineered NKX2.5 reporter cell line differentiated into cardiomyocytes with the same efficiency as the original wild-type line. We then exposed the cells to valproic acid (25–300 μM) and thalidomide (0.1–36 µM) and compared the PluriBeat readout of the cardiomyocytes with the luminescence intensity of the PluriLum assay. The results showed that thalidomide decreased luminescence intensity significantly with a higher potency and efficacy compared to the beating readout. With this, we have developed a novel hiPSC-based assay with a standardized readout that may have the potential for higher throughput screening for developmental toxicity.

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11

Grogan, Catherine, Faolan Radford McGovern, Rory Staines, George Amarandei, and Izabela Naydenova. "Cantilever-Based Sensor Utilizing a Diffractive Optical Element with High Sensitivity to Relative Humidity." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051673.

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High-sensitivity and simple, low-cost readout are desirable features for sensors independent of the application area. Micro-cantilever sensors use the deflection induced by the analyte presence to achieve high-sensitivity but possess complex electronic readouts. Current holographic sensors probe the analyte presence by measuring changes in their optical properties, have a simpler low-cost readout, but their sensitivity can be further improved. Here, the two working principles were combined to obtain a new hybrid sensor with enhanced sensitivity. The diffractive element, a holographically patterned thin photopolymer layer, was placed on a polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) layer forming a bi-layer macro-cantilever. The different responses of the layers to analyte presence lead to cantilever deflection. The sensitivity and detection limits were evaluated by measuring the variation in cantilever deflection and diffraction efficiency with relative humidity. It was observed that the sensitivity is tunable by controlling the spatial frequency of the photopolymer gratings and the cantilever thickness. The sensor deflection was also visible to the naked eye, making it a simple, user-friendly device. The hybrid sensor diffraction efficiency response to the target analyte had an increased sensitivity (10-fold when compared with the cantilever or holographic modes operating independently), requiring a minimum upturn in the readout complexity.

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12

Asaadi, Jonathan, Martin Auger, Antonio Ereditato, Damian Goeldi, Umut Kose, Igor Kreslo, David Lorca, et al. "First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers." Instruments 4, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010009.

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Traditional charge readout technologies of single-phase Liquid Argon Time projection Chambers (LArTPCs) based on projective wire readout introduce intrinsic ambiguities in event reconstruction. Combined with the slow response inherent in LArTPC detectors, reconstruction ambiguities have limited their performance, until now. Here, we present a proof of principle of a pixelated charge readout that enables the full 3D tracking capabilities of LArTPCs. We characterize the signal-to-noise ratio of charge readout chain to be about 14, and demonstrate track reconstruction on 3D space points produced by the pixel readout. This pixelated charge readout makes LArTPCs a viable option for high-multiplicity environments.

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13

Calò, Pietro P., Fabio Ciciriello, Savino Petrignani, and Cristoforo Marzocca. "SiPM readout electronics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 926 (May 2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.09.030.

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14

DeLeon, Andrew M. "Oral readout rangefinder." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 2 (February 1992): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402588.

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15

Gross, Christian. "Qubit readout boost." Nature Physics 15, no. 6 (June 2019): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0539-z.

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16

Horiuchi, Noriaki. "Single-ion readout." Nature Photonics 7, no. 7 (June 27, 2013): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.160.

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17

Ferrari, Roberto, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Massimo Caccia, Romualdo Santoro, and Massimiliano Antonello. "Dual-readout calorimetry." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 13n14 (May 20, 2019): 1940019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19400190.

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We summarize the fundamental aspects of dual-readout calorimetry, a calorimetric technique able to overcome the non-compensation problem by means of two independent scintillation and Cherenkov light signals detection. The expected ultimate energy resolution for single-hadron detection, together with the excellent particle identification capability, makes a dual-readout fiber calorimeter one of the most promising options for future leptonic colliders. In this paper, we include the main benefits of a new silicon photomultiplier-based readout system that allows to sample showers with an unprecedented spatial resolution.

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18

Burian, P., P. Broulím, B. Bergmann, and L. Tlustos. "Ethernet Embedded Readout Interface for Timepix2—Katherine readout for Timepix2." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 01 (January 24, 2020): C01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/01/c01037.

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19

Poikela, T., J. Plosila, T. Westerlund, J. Buytaert, M. Campbell, M. De Gaspari, X. Llopart, et al. "Digital column readout architectures for hybrid pixel detector readout chips." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 01 (January 7, 2014): C01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/01/c01007.

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20

Fuji, H., T. Okumura, S. Maeda, G. Fujita, and S. Sumi. "Approach to readout aperture control for magnetic super-resolution readout." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 35, no. 3 (May 1999): 2047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.764909.

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21

Schut, Thomas, Remco Wiegerink, and Joost Lötters. "μ-Coriolis Mass Flow Sensor with Resistive Readout." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020184.

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This paper presents a μ -Coriolis mass flow sensor with resistive readout. Instead of measuring a net displacement such as in a capacitive readout, a resistive readout detects the deformation of the suspended micro-fluidic channel. It allows for actuation at much higher amplitudes than for a capacitive readout, resulting in correspondingly larger Coriolis forces in response to fluid flow. A resistive readout can be operated in two actuation vibrational modes. A capacitive readout can only be operated in one of these two modes, which is more sensitive to external disturbances. Three types of devices have been realized. We present measurement results for all three devices. One device clearly outperforms the other two, with a flow sensitivity of 2.22 °/(g·h−1) and a zero-flow stability of 0.02 g·h−1 over 30 min. Optimization of the metal strain gauges and/or implementation of poly-Silicon strain gauges could further improve performance.

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Claes, Marie, Joana R. F. Santos, Luca Masin, Lien Cools, Benjamin M. Davis, Lutgarde Arckens, Karl Farrow, Lies De Groef, and Lieve Moons. "A Fair Assessment of Evaluation Tools for the Murine Microbead Occlusion Model of Glaucoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115633.

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Despite being one of the most studied eye diseases, clinical translation of glaucoma research is hampered, at least in part, by the lack of validated preclinical models and readouts. The most popular experimental glaucoma model is the murine microbead occlusion model, yet the observed mild phenotype, mixed success rate, and weak reproducibility urge for an expansion of available readout tools. For this purpose, we evaluated various measures that reflect early onset glaucomatous changes in the murine microbead occlusion model. Anterior chamber depth measurements and scotopic threshold response recordings were identified as an outstanding set of tools to assess the model’s success rate and to chart glaucomatous damage (or neuroprotection in future studies), respectively. Both are easy-to-measure, in vivo tools with a fast acquisition time and high translatability to the clinic and can be used, whenever judged beneficial, in combination with the more conventional measures in present-day glaucoma research (i.e., intraocular pressure measurements and post-mortem histological analyses). Furthermore, we highlighted the use of dendritic arbor analysis as an alternative histological readout for retinal ganglion cell density counts.

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23

ZHAO, HONGLIANG, YIQIANG ZHAO, YIWEI SONG, JUN LIAO, and JUNFENG GENG. "A LOW POWER CRYOGENIC CMOS ROIC DESIGN FOR 512 × 512 IRFPA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 10 (December 2013): 1340033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613400331.

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A low power readout integrated circuit (ROIC) for 512 × 512 cooled infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) is presented. A capacitive trans-impedance amplifier (CTIA) with high gain cascode amplifier and inherent correlated double sampling (CDS) configuration is employed to achieve a high performance readout interface for the IRFPA with a pixel size of 30 × 30 μm2. By optimizing column readout timing and using two operating modes in column amplifiers, the power consumption is significantly reduced. The readout chip is implemented in a standard 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS technology. The measurement results show the proposed ROIC achieves a readout rate of 10 MHz with 70 mW power consumption under 3.3 V supply voltage from 77 K to 150 K operating temperature. And it occupies a chip area of 18.4 × 17.5 mm2.

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24

Sun, Haoqi, Olga Sourina, and Guang-Bin Huang. "Learning Polychronous Neuronal Groups Using Joint Weight-Delay Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity." Neural Computation 28, no. 10 (October 2016): 2181–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00879.

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Polychronous neuronal group (PNG), a type of cell assembly, is one of the putative mechanisms for neural information representation. According to the reader-centric definition, some readout neurons can become selective to the information represented by polychronous neuronal groups under ongoing activity. Here, in computational models, we show that the frequently activated polychronous neuronal groups can be learned by readout neurons with joint weight-delay spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The identity of neurons in the group and their expected spike timing at millisecond scale can be recovered from the incoming weights and delays of the readout neurons. The detection performance can be further improved by two layers of readout neurons. In this way, the detection of polychronous neuronal groups becomes an intrinsic part of the network, and the readout neurons become differentiated members in the group to indicate whether subsets of the group have been activated according to their spike timing. The readout spikes representing this information can be used to analyze how PNGs interact with each other or propagate to downstream networks for higher-level processing.

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25

Fanti, V., R. Marzeddu, and P. Randaccio. "Medipix2 parallel readout system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 509, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01567-5.

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26

Ahmad, S., S. Blin, S. Callier, J. B. Cizel, S. Conforti, C. de La Taille, F. Dulucq, et al. "OMEGA SiPM readout ASICs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 986 (January 2021): 164628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164628.

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27

Atanov, N., V. Baranov, L. Baldini, J. Budagov, D. Caiulo, F. Cei, F. Cervelli, et al. "Mu2e calorimeter readout system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 936 (August 2019): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.108.

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28

Alexopoulos, T., D. Antrim, C. Bakalis, G. De Geronimo, P. Gkountoumis, G. Iakovidis, P. Moschovakos, V. Polychronakos, and A. Taffard. "The VMM readout system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 955 (March 2020): 163306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163306.

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29

Fraga, F. A. F., L. M. S. Margato, S. T. G. Fetal, M. M. F. R. Fraga, R. Ferreira Marques, and A. J. P. L. Policarpo. "Optical readout of GEMs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 471, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00972-x.

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30

Custer, Peter A., and George R. Bird. "Fluorescent soundtrack readout system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, no. 4 (April 1986): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393729.

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31

Liubarsky, Igor. "NEXT: The Electroluminescence Readout." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 309 (August 10, 2011): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/309/1/012007.

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32

Dopke, J., D. Falchieri, T. Flick, A. Gabrielli, A. Kugel, P. Mättig, P. Morettini, A. Polini, and N. Schroer. "The IBL readout system." Journal of Instrumentation 6, no. 01 (January 4, 2011): C01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/c01006.

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33

Powell, Kendall. "Cells' precise pattern readout." Journal of Cell Biology 178, no. 4 (July 30, 2007): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1784rr5.

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34

Atkins, John F., and Raymond F. Gesteland. "mRNA readout at 40." Nature 414, no. 6865 (December 2001): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414693a.

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35

Bower, Bruce. "Bad Readout from DNA." Science News 168, no. 19 (November 5, 2005): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4017010.

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36

Bruijn, Ronald. "KM3NeT Readout and Triggering." EPJ Web of Conferences 207 (2019): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920706007.

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The KM3NeT collaboration is constructing new-generation neutrino detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. The main goals are the study of the high-energy neutrino flux (KM3NeT/ARCA, off-shore Capo-Passero, Italy) and the determination of the neutrino mass ordering (KM3NeT/ORCA, off-shore Toulon, France). This contribution describes the system to collect, transfer and process the data, which consists of time and intensity measurements of photons recorded by photo-multiplier tubes resulting from charged products from neutrino interactions, together with data from the acoustic position system. The trigger and data-acquisition system faces the challenge of transporting up to 30 Gbps of data to shore and filtering the neutrino signal from an overwhelming (O(107)) background due to photons from ambient 40K and bioluminescence.

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37

Sajeeda and T. J. Kaiser. "Passive Telemetric Readout System." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 5 (October 2006): 1340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.881395.

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38

Patel, Dinshaw J., and Zhanxin Wang. "Readout of Epigenetic Modifications." Annual Review of Biochemistry 82, no. 1 (June 2, 2013): 81–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-072711-165700.

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39

Fries, D. C., M. Kaiser, and S. Rohr. "Position-sensitive fiber readout." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 349, no. 1 (September 1994): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90620-3.

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40

K. Hasegawa, Y. Yoshioka, S. Ohya, and M. Sasano. "Imaging plate readout system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 310, no. 1-2 (December 1991): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)91061-y.

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41

Litke, Alan, and Markus Meister. "The retinal readout array." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 310, no. 1-2 (December 1991): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)91066-5.

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42

Belusevic, R., and G. Nixon. "Transputer-based readout controller." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 277, no. 2-3 (May 1989): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90784-5.

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43

Musselman, Catherine A., Sepideh Khorasanizadeh, and Tatiana G. Kutateladze. "Towards understanding methyllysine readout." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1839, no. 8 (August 2014): 686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.04.001.

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44

Hasker, PJS, and J. Bassingthwaighte. "Implanting electronic identification transponders under the scutifon cartilage of beef cattle is inappropriate under Australian conditions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 1 (1995): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950015.

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Poor readout and recovery rates of electronic identification (EID) transponders at the slaughter of feedlot steers raise doubts about the suitability of the scutiform cartilage as a site for implanting EID transponders in commercial beef herds in Australia. At slaughter, a readout was obtained from73% of 4630 implanted steers that were scanned. Failure to give a readout was due to broken and lost transponders. Less than three-quarters of the transponders giving a readout at slaughter were recovered. These results could not be totally attributed to implanting procedure as they were similar for different feedlot-abattoir combinations and different operators.

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Crevatin, G., I. Horswell, D. Omar, N. Tartoni, S. Carrato, and G. Cautero. "Development of a Timepix3 readout system based on the Merlin readout system." Journal of Instrumentation 10, no. 03 (March 25, 2015): C03042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/03/c03042.

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Mitra, J., S. A. Khan, S. Mukherjee, and R. Paul. "Common Readout Unit (CRU) - A new readout architecture for the ALICE experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 03 (March 8, 2016): C03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/03/c03021.

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Wang, Lifeng, Lei Dong, and Qing-an Huang. "Readout Distance Enhancement of the Passive Wireless Multi-Parameter Sensing System Using a Repeater Coil." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8950807.

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A repeater coil is used to extend the detection distance of a passive wireless multi-parameter sensing system. The passive wireless sensing system has the ability of simultaneously monitoring three parameters by using backscatter modulation together with channel multiplexing. Two different repeater coils are designed and fabricated for readout distance enhancement of the sensing system: one is a PCB (printed circuit board) repeater coil, and the other is a copper wire repeater coil. Under the conditions of fixed voltage and adjustable voltage, the maximum readout distance of the sensing system with and without a repeater coil is measured. Experimental results show that larger power supply voltage can help further increase the readout distance. The maximum readout distance of the sensing system with a PCB repeater coil has been extended 2.3 times, and the one with a copper wire repeater coil has been extended 3 times. Theoretical analysis and experimental results both indicate that the high Q factor repeater coil can extend the readout distance more. With the copper wire repeater coil as well as a higher power supply voltage, the passive wireless multi-parameter sensing system finally achieves a maximum readout distance of 13.5 cm.

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Hedemann, Nina, Andreas Herz, Jan Hendrik Schiepanski, Jan Dittrich, Susanne Sebens, Astrid Dempfle, Julia Feuerborn, et al. "ADAM17 Inhibition Increases the Impact of Cisplatin Treatment in Ovarian Cancer Spheroids." Cancers 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092039.

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Chemotherapy resistance is a major challenge in ovarian cancer (OvCa). Thus, novel treatment combinations are highly warranted. However, many promising drug candidates tested in two-dimensional (2D) cell culture have not proved successful in the clinic. For this reason, we analyzed our drug combination not only in monolayers but also in three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids. One potential therapeutic target for OvCa is A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17). ADAM17 can be activated by chemotherapeutics, which leads to enhanced tumor growth due to concomitant substrate cleavage. Therefore, blocking ADAM17 during chemotherapy may overcome resistance. Here, we tested the effect of the ADAM17 inhibitor GW280264X in combination with cisplatin on ovarian cancer cells in 2D and 3D. In 2D, the effect on five cell lines was analyzed with two readouts. Three of these cell lines formed dense aggregates or spheroids (HEY, SKOV-3, and OVCAR-8) in 3D and the treatment effect was analyzed with a multicontent readout (cytotoxicity, viability, and caspase3/7 activation). We tested the combined therapy on tumor spheroids derived from primary patient cells. In 2D, we found a significant reduction in the half minimal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the combined treatment (GW280264X plus cisplatin) in comparison with cisplatin monotherapy in all five cell lines with both 2D readout assays (viability and caspase activation). In contrast, the combined treatment only showed an IC50 reduction in HEY and OVCAR-8 3D tumor spheroid models using caspase3/7 activity or CelltoxTM Green as the readout. Finally, we found an improved effect of GW280264X with cisplatin in tumor spheroids derived from patient samples. In summary, we demonstrate that ADAM17 inhibition is a promising treatment strategy in ovarian cancer.

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Durani, Fahim, Mainuddin Mainuddin, Upendra Mittal, Jitender Kumar, Devendra Barlewar, and A. T. Nimal. "Field Programmable Gate Array based Readout for Surface Acoustic Wave Portable Gas Detector." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.16343.

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) is one of the most promising technology in the field of gas sensing at low concentrations. Field deployable portable SAW detectors are, however, prone to noise, there by limiting the detection at low concentrations. To meet the current requirements of gas detection at low concentrations, the readout methodology needs to be based on minimal hardware and better noise management. In this paper we describe a readout scheme for portable SAW gas detectors incorporating a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The developed readout system includes a modified reciprocal frequency counter for differential SAW sensor, median noise filtering and moving averages smoothing for noise management, peak detection and interfacing with external display, all implemented in FPGA. The developed readout was tested against VOCs using a lab developed vapour generator and the results have been presented in the paper. The readout system is compact, low power consuming and expandable through software thus ideal for portable handheld applications.

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Marciniak, L., and A. Bednarkiewicz. "The influence of dopant concentration on temperature dependent emission spectra in LiLa1−x−yEuxTbyP4O12 nanocrystals: toward rational design of highly-sensitive luminescent nanothermometers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 23 (2016): 15584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00898d.

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