Relevant bibliographies by topics / And natural enemy

Academic literature on the topic 'And natural enemy'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "And natural enemy"

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Letourneau, D. K., and D. A. Andow. "Natural-Enemy Food Webs." Ecological Applications 9, no. 2 (May 1999): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0363:nefw]2.0.co;2.

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Ode, Paul J. "PLANT CHEMISTRY AND NATURAL ENEMY FITNESS: Effects on Herbivore and Natural Enemy Interactions." Annual Review of Entomology 51, no. 1 (January 2006): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151110.

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Vafaie, Erfan K., H. Brent Pemberton, Mengmeng Gu, David Kerns, Micky D. Eubanks, and Kevin M. Heinz. "Adding a Natural Enemy to Respond to Pest Immigration and Delayed Natural Enemy Releases in Augmentative Biological Control." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab007.

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Abstract Whether increased natural enemy density or adding a second natural enemy species will provide superior pest suppression in greenhouse augmentative biological control is unknown for many commercially available natural enemy species. In this study, we use sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), to determine whether adding Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is better for B. tabaci suppression compared with either natural enemy alone, both with and without challenges with whitefly immigration or delayed natural enemy releases. The number of whiteflies on caged poinsettias treated with different natural enemy release rates (single or double rate), natural enemy species (one or two species), natural enemy delayed release (weeks 4 and 8), and whitefly immigration treatments (introduced at week 4 or week 8) was censused biweekly for 16 wk. Both species used in combination provided similar or better suppression of whiteflies compared with either natural enemy alone. Both species combined also provided superior suppression of whiteflies when challenged with whitefly immigration or delays in natural enemy releases compared with E. eremicus alone. Whitefly immigration or delays in E. eremicus releases did not increase whitefly populations, suggesting that suppression of whiteflies by E. eremicus alone is relatively robust. This study found no evidence for negative interactions between E. eremicus and A. swirskii for suppressing B. tabaci.
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Kumar, Vijay, Joydip Dhar, and Harbax Singh Bhatti. "Bifurcation in Plant-Pest-Natural Enemy Interaction Dynamics with Gestation Delay for Both Pest and Natural Enemy." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 13 (December 10, 2019): 1950178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419501785.

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During this analysis, as per natural control approach in pest management, a plant-pest dynamics with biological control is proposed, here assuming that the pest and natural enemy are having different levels of gestation delay and harvesting rate of pests by natural enemy follows Holling type-III response function. Boundedness and positivity of the system are studied. Equilibria and stability analysis is carried out for possible equilibrium points. The existence of Hopf bifurcation at interior equilibrium is presented. The sensitivity analysis of the system at interior equilibrium point for model parameters has been explored. Numerical simulations are performed to support our analytic findings.
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Kumar, Vijay, Joydip Dhar, and Harbax Singh Bhatti. "Stage-structured plant-pest-natural enemy interaction dynamics incorporating gestation delay for both pest and natural enemy." Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 5, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40808-018-0518-x.

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Lv, Xu Ying, Tian Wen Yao, and Ding Jiang Wang. "The Model of the Integrated Control of Plant Pests with Natural Enemy." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2522.

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This paper mainly indicates the pest-control problem by using the biological control and the pesticide control. Firstly, it analyzed the continuous changing population of the three species-plants, plant pest and natural enemy-and the pesticides’ effects to establish a three-species model of the pests’ integrated control. Secondly, the pest equilibrium points with the natural enemy and that without natural enemy were obtained. We discussed the stability of the equilibrium points by the Hurwitz theorem and the first approximation method of stability and got the sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability. Finally, numerical simulations were performed by Matlab to analyze and verify the integrated control of plant pests in the situations with some natural enemies and without enemy. Moreover, the effects of spraying pesticides which have different killing rates on enemy and plant pest were analyzed.
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Comita, Liza S., and Simon M. Stump. "Natural Enemies and the Maintenance of Tropical Tree Diversity: Recent Insights and Implications for the Future of Biodiversity in a Changing World." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 105, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2020591.

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Over the past five decades, many studies have examined the Janzen-Connell hypothesis, which posits that host-specific natural enemies, such as insect herbivores and fungal pathogens, promote plant species coexistence by providing a recruitment advantage to rare plant species. Recently, researchers have been exploring new and exciting angles on plant-enemy interactions that have yielded novel insights into this long-standing hypothesis. Here, we highlight some empirical advances in our understanding of plant-enemy interactions in tropical forests, including improved understanding of variation in plant species’ susceptibility to enemy effects, as well as insect and pathogen host ranges. We then review recent advances in related ecological theory. These theoretical studies have confirmed that specialist natural enemies can promote tree diversity. However, they have also shown that the impact of natural enemies may be weakened, or that natural enemies could even cause species exclusion, depending on enemy host range, the spatial extent of enemy effects, and variation among plant species in seed dispersal or enemy susceptibility. Finally, we end by discussing how human impacts on tropical forests, such as fragmentation, hunting, and climate change, may alter the plant-enemy interactions that contribute to tropical forest diversity.
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Thompson, Morgan N., Raul F. Medina, Anjel M. Helms, and Julio S. Bernal. "Improving Natural Enemy Selection in Biological Control through Greater Attention to Chemical Ecology and Host-Associated Differentiation of Target Arthropod Pests." Insects 13, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020160.

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Host-associated differentiation (HAD) refers to cases in which genetically distinct populations of a species (e.g., herbivores or natural enemies) preferentially reproduce or feed on different host species. In agroecosystems, HAD often results in unique strains or biotypes of pest species, each attacking different species of crops. However, HAD is not restricted to pest populations, and may cascade to the third trophic level, affecting host selection by natural enemies, and ultimately leading to HAD within natural enemy species. Natural enemy HAD may affect the outcomes of biological control efforts, whether classical, conservation, or augmentative. Here, we explore the potential effects of pest and natural enemy HAD on biological control in agroecosystems, with emphases on current knowledge gaps and implications of HAD for selection of biological control agents. Additionally, given the importance of semiochemicals in mediating interactions between trophic levels, we emphasize the role of chemical ecology in interactions between pests and natural enemies, and suggest areas of consideration for biological control. Overall, we aim to jump-start a conversation concerning the relevance of HAD in biological control by reviewing currently available information on natural enemy HAD, identifying challenges to incorporating HAD considerations into biological control efforts, and proposing future research directions on natural enemy selection and HAD.
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Ungar, S. "Natural Enemy, Natural Ally: Toward an Environmental History of Warfare." Journal of American History 92, no. 4 (March 1, 2006): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4485902.

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Raffel, Thomas R., Lynn B. Martin, and Jason R. Rohr. "Parasites as predators: unifying natural enemy ecology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, no. 11 (November 2008): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "And natural enemy"

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Graham, Phillip William. "The effect of temperature on Plodia - natural enemy interactions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414743.

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Straub, Cory Severen. "Exploring the relationship between natural enemy biodiversity and herbivore suppression." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/c_straub_111306.pdf.

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Rangel, Andres. "Sleeping with the Enemy, or Putting the Enemy to Sleep? A Theory of Insurgency-State Interaction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/40.

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This paper presents a theory of insurgency-state strategic interaction based on the insurgency’s mode of survival. The theory postulates that, ceteris paribus, illegal resources discourage the insurgents from desiring to control the state and the state from regaining control of the insurgent territory, whereas legal lootable resources “force” the insurgency to embrace the suboptimal strategy of trying to topple the government, while causing the state to desire full control of the insurgent territory. Intensity, the number of combatant deaths over time, will be used to test the theory. Civil conflicts involving insurgencies that rely on illegal resources for most of their revenue should be of low intensity. The opposite should hold true for civil wars in which the insurgency’s livelihood is a legal lootable resource.
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Casula, Paolo. "Functional agrobiodiversity : the role of natural enemy diversity in pest control functioning." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501472.

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Barker, Jenny Elspeth. "Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for host plant- herbivore- natural enemy interactions." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398395.

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Rodríguez-Gasol, Neus. "Habitat management in Mediterranean fruit orchards to foster pollinator and natural enemy communities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668668.

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La intensificació agrícola va impulsar la producció d'aliments durant la Revolució Verda del segle passat però també va causar una pèrdua de biodiversitat. Actualment, s'espera que la demanda d'aliments augmenti un 15% en els pròxims 10 anys, per tant l'agricultura enfronta el repte de produir més, i d'una manera sostenible. En aquest context, l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és el d'aportar nous coneixements sobre diversos aspectes relacionats amb el manteniment i promoció de serveis ecosistèmics (pol·linització i control biològic) en cultius fructícoles mediterranis. La primera part de la tesi avalua els efectes del reg i la consegüent intensificació agrícola en abelles silvestres i sírfids. Per això, vam analitzar les comunitats d'aquests pol·linitzadors a l'àrea fructícola de Lleida. Els nostres resultats van demostrar que la transformació de secà a regadiu provoca més abundància de flors, diferent composició floral i reducció en la cobertura d'habitats seminaturals en les àrees regades. Aquests canvis ambientals comporten una transformació dràstica de les comunitats d'abelles silvestres: augmenta la presència d'abelles socials però disminueix la d'altres abelles solitàries, i es redueix, en conseqüència, la diversitat global d'espècies (Capítol 1). La segona part de la tesi se centra específicament en l'avaluació d'estratègies de maneig d'hàbitat per a la promoció de fauna auxiliar. Primer vam estudiar l'atracció d'un marge floral a enemics naturals de pugons de la pomera (Dysaphis plantaginea i Eriosoma lanigerum), després vam caracteritzar els enemics naturals presents a les colònies de pugó i finalment, vam avaluar la contribució d'aquest marge al control biològic de pugons. Els nostres resultats subratllen la importància dels parasitoides presents als voltants de les finques de fruiters en el parasitisme de les colònies de D. plantaginea (Capítol 2). La tercera part de la tesi estudia l'atracció dels sírfids a diferents característiques florals per tal d'entendre millor el seu comportament de recerca d'aliment. Vam observar que la forma, el nombre i el color de les flors provoquen diversos comportaments en els sírfids: preferien poms de flors circulars i planes, amb combinacions de groc i blanc per sobre d'aquelles que contenien blau. A més, vam observar que femelles aparellades i no aparellades es comportaven diferent (Capítol 3). L'última part de la tesi aborda el potencial i les dificultats d'utilitzar sírfids com a proveïdors de serveis ecosistèmics en els sistemes agrícoles. Per a tal efecte, vam fer una revisió de la literatura existent relacionada amb aquests insectes beneficiosos, amb especial èmfasi en els aspectes clau de la seva ecologia que poden maximitzar el seu potencial com a pol·linitzadors i depredadors (Capítol 4).
La intensificación agrícola impulsó la producción de alimentos durante la Revolución Verde del siglo pasado pero también causó la pérdida de biodiversidad. Además, se espera que la demanda de alimento aumente un 15% en los próximos 10 años, por lo que el reto actual de la agricultura es el de proveer más, y de un modo más sostenible. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis es el de aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre diversos aspectos relacionados con el mantenimiento y promoción de servicios ecosistémicos (polinización y control biológico) en cultivos frutícolas mediterráneos. La primera parte de la tesis evalúa los efectos del riego y la consecuente intensificación agrícola en abejas silvestres y sírfidos. Con esta finalidad, analizamos las comunidades de polinizadores en el área frutícola de Lleida. Nuestros resultados demostraron que la transformación de secano a regadío provoca una mayor abundancia de flores, una distinta composición floral y una reducción de la cobertura de hábitats seminaturales en las áreas regadas. Estos cambios ambientales resultan en una transformación drástica de la comunidad de abejas silvestres: aumenta la presencia de abejas sociales, pero disminuye la de abejas solitarias, reduciendo, consecuentemente, la diversidad global de especies (Capítulo 1). La segunda parte de la tesis se centra específicamente en la evaluación de estrategias de manejo del hábitat para la promoción de fauna auxiliar. Primero estudiamos la atracción de un margen floral a enemigos naturales de pulgones del manzano (Dysaphis plantaginea y Eriosoma lanigerum), luego caracterizamos los enemigos naturales presentes en las colonias de pulgón y finalmente, evaluamos la contribución de este margen al control biológico de pulgones. Nuestros resultados destacan la importancia de los parasitoides presentes en los alrededores de las fincas de frutales en el parasitismo de colonias de D. plantaginea (Capítulo 2). La tercera parte de la tesis, estudia la atracción de distintas características florales a sírfidos con la finalidad de entender mejor su comportamiento de búsqueda de alimento. Observamos que la forma, el número y el color de las flores suscitan diversos comportamientos en los sírfidos: preferían ramos de flores circulares y planas, y combinaciones de amarillo y blanco eran preferidas ante combinaciones con azul. Además, observamos que hembras apareadas y no apareadas se comportaban de modo distinto (Capítulo 3). La última parte aborda el potencial y las dificultades de utilizar sírfidos como proveedores de servicios ecosistémicos en los sistemas agrícolas. Para tal efecto, hicimos una revisión de la literatura existente relacionada con estos insectos beneficiosos, con especial énfasis en los aspectos clave de su ecología que pueden maximizar su potencial como polinizadores y depredadores (Capítulo 4).
Agricultural intensification boosted food production during the Green Revolution of the last century but it also caused loss of biodiversity. Nowadays the demand for food is expected to raise by a 15% in the next 10 years, so agriculture must face the challenge of providing more food in a sustainable way. In this context, the aim of this thesis was to give further insight in several aspects of the maintenance and promotion of ecosystem services (pollination and biological control) in Mediterranean fruit orchards. The first part of the thesis evaluates the effects of irrigation and the consequent agricultural intensification on two of the main groups of pollinators: wild bees and hoverflies. For that, we assessed these pollinator communities in the fruit-tree growing area of Lleida. Our results showed that the transformation of dryland into irrigation caused a higher flower abundance, different flower composition and reduced cover of semi-natural habitats in the irrigated areas. These environmental changes resulted in a drastic transformation of the wild bee communities: in the irrigated areas the presence of social bees increased but the presence of other solitary species was hindered, reducing overall wild bee species diversity (Chapter 1). The second part of the thesis specifically focuses on the evaluation of habitat management strategies to promote beneficials. First, we assessed the attractiveness of a specific flower margin to natural enemies of apple aphids (Dysaphis plantaginea and Eriosoma lanigerum), then we characterized the natural enemies present in the aphid colonies and finally, we evaluated the contribution of this margin to aphid biological control. Our results highlight the importance of parasitoids present in the surroundings of the orchards on the parasitism of D. plantaginea colonies (Chapter 2). The third part of the thesis studies the attractiveness of different flower traits to hoverflies to better understand the foraging behavior of these insects. We observed that flower shape, number and color elicit diverse behaviors in hoverflies: they showed a predilection for flat circle-shaped flowers bouquets and, that combinations with yellow and white are preferred to those that contain blue. In addition, we found behavioral differences between mated and unmated females with regard to their flower foraging (Chapter 3). The last part of the thesis addresses the potential and difficulties of using hoverflies as providers of ecosystem services in agricultural systems. For that purpose, we reviewed the existing literature related to these beneficials, with an emphasis on the key aspects of their ecology that can maximize their potential as pollinators and predators (Chapter 4).
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Poppleton, Jo. "'Truth cannot be an enemy to truth' : natural philosophy, poetry and politics, 1680-1730." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426904.

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Larentzaki, Eleni. "Evaluation of 'Franklinothrips vespiformis' (Crawford) (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) as a natural enemy of glasshouse pests." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415969.

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Mathews, Clarissa Ruth. "Role of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batcsh] extrafloral nectaries in mediating natural enemy-herbivore interactions." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2066.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Entomology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Otieno, Mark. "Assessing the drivers of pollinator and natural enemy communities in pigeonpea and field beam crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533746.

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Books on the topic "And natural enemy"

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Natural enemy. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1987.

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Fry, J. M. Natural enemy databank, 1987: A catalogue of natural enemies of arthropods derived from records in the CIBC Natural Enemy Databank. Wallingford: C.A.B. International, 1989.

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Pellowski, Michael. My father, the enemy. New York, N.Y: Hollywood Paperbacks, 1992.

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Ramalho, Betânia Leite, and Isauro Beltrán Núñez. Aprendendo com o ENEM: Reflexões para melhor pensar o ensino e a aprendizagem das ciências naturais e da matemática. Brasília, DF: Liber Livro, 2011.

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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.

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The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy. Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented. The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered. It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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Discussion draft on the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act reauthorization and H.R. 5782, the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2006: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Enegy [sic] and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, one Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, July 27, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Natural Enemy. Books on Tape, Inc., 1992.

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Langton, Jane. Natural Enemy. MysteriousPress.com, 2012.

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Langton, Jane. Natural Enemy. Books On Tape, 1992.

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Langton, Jane. Natural Enemy. MysteriousPress.com, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "And natural enemy"

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Van Driesche, Roy G., and Thomas S. Bellows. "Natural Enemy Conservation." In Biological Control, 105–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7_7.

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Allen, J. C. "Are Natural Enemy Populations Chaotic?" In Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations, 190–205. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3664-1_12.

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Van Driesche, Roy G., and Thomas S. Bellows. "Natural Enemy Monitoring and Evaluation." In Biological Control, 259–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7_13.

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Capinera, John L., Marjorie A. Hoy, Paul W. Paré, Mohamed A. Farag, John T. Trumble, Murray B. Isman, Byron J. Adams, et al. "Natural Enemy Attraction to Plant Volatiles." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2567–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2150.

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Seymour, J. E., and R. E. Jones. "Evaluating Natural Enemy Impact on Heliothis." In Springer Series in Experimental Entomology, 80–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3016-8_7.

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Butter, N. S., and A. K. Dhawan. "Natural Enemy Complex, Entomopathogenic Organisms, and Botanicals." In A Monograph on Whiteflies, 93–108. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003095668-7.

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Beekley, Alec C. "Surgery on Public Enemy #1." In Surgery During Natural Disasters, Combat, Terrorist Attacks, and Crisis Situations, 125–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23718-3_12.

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Fritz, Robert S. "Natural enemy impact varies with host plant genotype." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 367–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_123.

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Lill, John T., and Martha R. Weiss. "Host Plants as Mediators of Caterpillar-Natural Enemy Interactions." In Fascinating Life Sciences, 425–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86688-4_13.

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Honor, Richard, and Robert I. Colautti. "EICA 2.0: a general model of enemy release and defence in plant and animal invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 192–207. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0192.

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Abstract Plants and animals have evolved a variety of strategies to limit the negative fitness consequences of natural enemies (i.e. herbivores, predators, parasites and pathogens). Demographic bottlenecks occurring during the invasion process reduce the number of co-introduced natural enemies, providing opportunities to study rapid evolution in environments with different or reduced enemy loads. Enemy release theory provides a set of hypotheses and predictions about the role of natural enemies in the proliferation of invasive species. This body of theory includes the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) and the related Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability Hypothesis (EICA), but there is often confusion about these hypotheses and the data needed to test them. We introduce a simple, general model of enemy release to identify and clarify some of the key assumptions and predictions implicit in enemy release theory and its impacts on invasion. Although introduced populations likely benefit from a reduction in the direct fitness impacts of natural enemies in the early stages of invasion, an evolutionary shift in resource allocation from defence to growth and reproduction is much less likely and depends on a delicate balance between the fitness costs and benefits of defence and the fitness impacts of natural enemies in both the native and introduced ranges. Even when the abundance of natural enemies is lower in the introduced range, the majority of scenarios do not favour evolution of less defended genotypes that are more competitive or more fecund, contrary to predictions of EICA. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that the level of damage by natural enemies in field surveys is not generally a good parameter for testing enemy release theory. Instead, common garden experiments characterizing fitness reaction norms of multiple genotypes from the native and introduced range are crucial to estimate the historic rate of adaptive evolution or predict it into the future. Incorporating spatial autocorrelation and methods from population genetics can further improve our understanding of the role of enemy release and evolution in the proliferation of invasive species.
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Conference papers on the topic "And natural enemy"

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Jonsson, Mattias, Benjamin Feit, Nico Bluethgen, and Cory Straub. "Can natural enemy diversity ensure stable biological control in the future?" In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108168.

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Yang, Lijun, Qingsheng Zhu, Jinlong Huang, and Dongdong Cheng. "An efficient reduction algorithm based on natural neighbor and nearest enemy." In 2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862037.

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Brown, Christopher R. "Simulating prey removal, natural enemy abundance, and bicontrol in Bt maize." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115702.

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García Morales, Mayrolin Z. "Diversification of plant-feeding insects is positively correlated with natural enemy pressure." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112089.

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Ma, Ruiyan. "Temperature adaptability of introduced natural enemy alligator weed flea beetle in China." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113135.

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Yang, Yi, ChangCheng Xiang, XiangGuang Dai, and Sha Sha Yan. "Integrated pest managements in a pest-natural enemy system with adaptation of pest." In 2019 6th International Conference on Information, Cybernetics, and Computational Social Systems (ICCSS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccss48103.2019.9115445.

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Salamanca, Jordano. "Manipulation of natural enemy behavior to enhance their ecosystem services in agricultural crops." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113134.

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Fairuz, K., A. G. Idris, S. Syahrizan, and K. Hatijah. "Assessing farmers’ community readiness towards the enhancement of natural enemy population in rice fields in Malacca." In THE 2017 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2017 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5027943.

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Samaranayake, K. G. L. I. "The influence of landscape complexity and natural enemy movement on soybean aphid populations in Manitoba, Canada." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114022.

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Wang, You-Nian, Guang-Lu Shi, Yu-Bo Liu, and Deng-Ke Li. "Structure Differences of the Natural Insect Enemy Complex between Jujube Orchards Intercropped with Pasture and No Pasture." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163433.

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Reports on the topic "And natural enemy"

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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.
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