Journal articles on the topic 'And N S W ) Mathematical models'

Abstract We classify framed and oriented 2-1-0-extended TQFTs with values in the bicategories of Landau-Ginzburg models, whose objects and 1-morphisms are isolated singularities and (either $$\mathbb {Z}_2$$ Z 2 - or $$(\mathbb {Z}_2 \times \mathbb {Q})$$ ( Z 2 × Q ) -graded) matrix factorisations, respectively. For this we present the relevant symmetric monoidal structures and find that every object $$W\in \mathbb {k}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]$$ W ∈ k [ x 1 , ⋯ , x n ] determines a framed extended TQFT. We then compute the Serre automorphisms $$S_W$$ S W to show that W determines an oriented extended TQFT if the associated category of matrix factorisations is $$(n-2)$$ ( n - 2 ) -Calabi-Yau. The extended TQFTs we construct from W assign the non-separable Jacobi algebra of W to a circle. This illustrates how non-separable algebras can appear in 2-1-0-extended TQFTs, and more generally that the question of extendability depends on the choice of target category. As another application, we show how the construction of the extended TQFT based on $$W=x^{N+1}$$ W = x N + 1 given by Khovanov and Rozansky can be derived directly from the cobordism hypothesis.

The influence of the area of artificial substrates (collectors) on the biological parameters of populations of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck) during their cultivation in the Black Sea has been investigated. For growing mollusks, four types of collectors were used, with different relative areas (ω), i.e., with different ratios of the substrate area (S) per unit length of the collector (L), which were 0.09, 0.21, 0.34, and 0.55. It was found that, during a 1.5-year cultivation, the density (N, ind./m) and biomass (B, kg/m) change and reach a certain stationary state, determined by the relative area of the substrate. It was shown that, on collectors with a higher value of ω, there was a decrease in the average length (L, mm) and weight (W, g) of the mollusk yield. The Boysen–Jensen method was used to calculate the total production of mollusks (P), elimination (E), and specific production (P/B coefficient) for each type of reservoir, and it was shown that P increased with an increase in the substrate area, while E and P/B coefficients decreased. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was concluded that during the cultivation of mussels these parameters are regulated by density-dependent population factors (intraspecific competition) for space (substrate) and food.

In this paper we investigate the interpretant signs production during mathematical modelling activities development. The theoretical framework is based on the relationship between mathematical modelling and some elements of the semiotics structured by Charles Sanders Peirce, more specifically in his interpretant theory. This theoretical framework is associated with an empirical research in which modelling activities are developed by students of a Degree in Mathematics in a differential and integral calculus subject. The analysis of the activities follows qualitative research directions and leads us to infer that the students produced different interpretant signs when they developed mathematical modelling activities. In the warm up activity development it was possible to identify immediate interpretant signs, while during the follow up activities the students produced dynamic interpretants and some final interpretants for the extreme function values. In general, the interpretant signs give evidence of how the derivative was being used by the students to decide on the existence of maximum or minimum values of a function obtained when they developed mathematical modeling activities.ResumoNeste artigo investigamos a produção de signos interpretantes no desenvolvimento de atividades de modelagem matemática. O quadro teórico em que se fundamenta nossa pesquisa articula a modelagem matemática na Educação Matemática e elementos da semiótica estruturada por Charles Sanders Peirce e reconhecida na literatura como semiótica peirceana, com foco na denominada teoria dos signos interpretantes. As argumentações teóricas são associadas a uma pesquisa empírica em que uma sequência de atividades de modelagem matemática foi desenvolvida com alunos de um curso de licenciatura em matemática na disciplina de cálculo diferencial e integral I. A análise das atividades segue encaminhamentos da pesquisa qualitativa e nos leva a inferir que, na sequência de atividades de modelagem matemática, signos interpretantes imediatos são mais evidentes na atividade de aquecimento, enquanto interpretantes dinâmicos e interpretantes finais podem ser identificados com mais frequência nas atividades de acompanhamento. De modo geral, os interpretantes dão indícios de como a derivada foi sendo usada pelos alunos para deliberar sobre a existência de valor máximo ou valor mínimo nos problemas investigados nas atividades de modelagem matemática.Palavras-chave: Educação matemática, Modelagem matemática, Semiótica peirceana.Keywords: Mathematics education, Mathematical modeling, Peircean semiotics.ReferencesALMEIDA, L. M. W. Um olhar semiótico sobre modelos e modelagem: metáforas como foco de análise. Zetetiké. FE-Unicamp, v. 18, número temático, p. 387-414, 2010.ALMEIDA, L. M. W. Considerations on the use of mathematics in modeling activities. ZDM, v. 50, p. 19-30, 2018.ALMEIDA, L. M. W.; BRITO, D. S. Atividades de Modelagem Matemática: que sentido os alunos podem lhe atribuir?. Ciência e Educação (UNESP), 11, 1-16, 2005.ALMEIDA, L. M. W.; SILVA, K. A. P. A Ação dos Signos e o Conhecimento dos Alunos em Atividades de Modelagem Matemática. Boletim de Educação Matemática, v. 31, n. 57, p. 202-219, abr., 2017.ALMEIDA, L. M. W.; SILVA, K. A. P.; VERONEZ, M. R. D. Sobre a geração e interpretação de signos em atividades de modelagem matemática. In: VI SEMINÁRIO INTERNACIONAL DE PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA - VI SIPEM, 2015, Pirenópolis. Anais do VI SIPEM. Rio de Janeiro: SBEM, 2015. v. 1. p. 1-12.ÄRLEBÄCK, J.; DOERR, H. Moving beyond a single modelling activity. In: Mathematical Modelling in Education Research and Practice. Springer International Publishing, p. 293-303, 2015.ÄRLEBÄCK, J.; DOERR, H. Students’ interpretations and reasoning about phenomena with negative rates of change throughout a model development sequence. ZDM, v. 50, n. 1-2, p. 187-200, 2018.BOGDAN, R. C.; BIKLEN, S. K. Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods. New York: Pearson Education, 2003.CARREIRA, S.; BAIOA, A. M. Mathematical modelling with hands-on experimental tasks: On the student’s sense of credibility. ZDM, v. 50, n. 1-2, p. 201-215, 2018.DRIGO, M. O. Comunicação e cognição: semiose na mente humana. In: Comunicação e cognição: semiose na mente humana. Sulinas, 2007.LESH, R.; CRAMER, K.; DOERR, H.; POST, T.; ZAWOJEWSKI, J. Model Development Sequences. In: Richard Lesh & Helen Doerr, (Eds.), Beyond constructivism: Models and modeling perspectives on mathematics problem solving, learning, and teaching. Mahwah: Erlbaum, 2003.NÖTH, W. Panorama da Semiótica: de Platão a Peirce. São Paulo: Annablume, 2008.PEIRCE, C. S. Semiótica e filosofia. Editora Cultrix, 1972.PEIRCE, C. S. Semiótica. 3. ed. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.SANTAELLA, L. Semiótica aplicada. São Paulo: Thomson Learning, 2012.e3504064

Quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting environmental behavior of organic pollutants with their structure descriptors. This study reports two optimal QSPR models for estimating water solubility ( log S W ) and n-octanol/water partition coefficient ( log K OW ) of chloric and alkyl benzene derivatives. Quantum chemical descriptors computed with density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with optimizing procedure were used for generating QSPR models for log S W and log K OW of chloric and alkyl benzene derivatives. The correlation coefficients of the optimal models for log S W and log K OW were 0.973 and 0.990, respectively. The results of internal cross-validation test and external validation test showed that both of the optimal models had high fitting precision and good predicting ability. The log S W and log K OW values predicted by the optimal models are very close to those observed. The PLS analysis indicated that chloric and alkyl benzene derivatives with larger electronic spatial extent and lower molecular total energy tend to be more hydrophobic and lipophilic, and smaller energy gap between the lowest unoccupied and the highest occupied molecular orbitals leads to larger dissolvability.

The environmental fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) has become a major issue in recent decades. Quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling is a powerful approach for predicting the properties of environmental organic pollutants from their structure descriptors. In this study, QSPR models were established for estimating water solubility (- log S W ) and n-octanol/water partition coefficient ( log KOW) of PCDD/Fs. Quantum chemical descriptors computed with density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with an optimizing procedure were used to generate QSPR models for - log S W and log K OW of PCDD/Fs. Optimized models with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.983) were obtained for estimating - log S W and log K OW of PCDD/Fs. Both the internal cross validation test [Formula: see text] and external validation test (R2 > 0.965) results showed that the obtained models had high-precision and good prediction capability. The - log S W } and log K OW values predicted by the obtained models are very close to those observed. The PLS analysis indicated that PCDD/Fs with larger electronic spatial extent (R e ), lower molecular total energy (E T ), and smaller energy gap between the lowest unoccupied and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (E LUMO -E HOMO ) tend to be less soluble in water but more lipophilic.

Abstract Advantages of infrared fluid bed drying include high heat and mass transfer coefficients, short process time, high quality and low energy consumption. Since heat and mass transfer and quality changes during drying of terebinth fruit with infrared fluid bed method is not described in the literature. Goals of this research were study the effects of different infrared drying conditions on the drying kinetic and physical parameters of terebinth fruit. To predict moisture during drying process, five mathematical models were used. Experiments were conducted at different levels of hot air velocity (0.93, 1.76 and 2.6 m/s), temperature (40, 55, and 70°C) and infrared radiation power (500, 1000 and 1500 W). Results showed that Demir et al. model had the best performance for predicting of moisture ratio. Effective moisture diffusivity for terebinth samples (6.2×10-11 to 7.3×10-10 m2/s) was achieved. Activation energy of the samples (44.4 to 59.13 kJ/mol) was computed. Maximum rupture force (118.4 N) was calculated at air velocity of 2.6 m/s, infrared power of 1500 W and air temperature of 70°C. The results proved that in addition to short process time, monitoring of terebinth fruit characteristics such as mechanical properties during drying process can be achieved.

In this paper, we study the cosmological constraints from the measurements of Hubble parameters — H(z) data. Here, we consider two kinds of H(z) data: the direct H0 probe from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Cepheid variables with H0 = 73.8 ± 2.4 km s-1 Mpc-1 and several measurements on the Hubble parameter at high redshifts H(z). Employing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, we also combine the WMAP nine-year data (WMAP9), the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and type Ia supernovae (SNIa) Union2.1 compilation to determine the cosmological parameters, such as the equation of state (EoS) of dark energy w, the curvature of the universe Ωk, the total neutrino mass ∑mν, the effective number of neutrinos N eff and the parameters associated with the power spectrum of primordial fluctuations. These H(z) data provide extra information on the accelerate rate of our universe at high redshifts. Therefore, adding these H(z) data significantly improves the constraints on cosmological parameters, such as the number of relativistic species. Moreover, we find that direct prior on H0 from HST can also give good constraints on some parameters, due to the degeneracies between these parameters and H0.

Con el propósito de estudiar la organización de datos e identificar la diversidad de representaciones construidas en situación de exploración de datos auténticos, en un grupo de 56 estudiantes chilenos de tercer grado de primaria, se diseñó e implementó un plan de clases de estadística, en el que se solicitó a los estudiantes ordenar y organizar los datos para responder a un problema. Este artículo se centra en el estudio cualitativo de las representaciones de datos producidas por los estudiantes durante la implementación del plan de clases. La exploración de los datos realizada por los estudiantes sobre los alimentos que consumían en la escuela (“colaciones”), los llevó a elaborar representaciones de datos (listas, estado intermedio de esquema tabular y tabla de frecuencias). Se concluye que el contexto auténtico y la construcción de representaciones propias promovieron que los estudiantes construyeran preponderantemente listas (77%), aplicando con sentido la partición, la clase y el cardinal. Se sugiere incorporar explícitamente en la enseñanza el formato lista, como herramienta representacional y unidad básica de la tabla. Referencias Brizuela, B., y Alvarado, M. (2010). First graders' work on additive problems with the use of different notational tools. Revista IRICE, 21, 37-43. Recuperado a partir desde https://ojs.rosario-conicet.gov.ar/index.php/revistairice/article/view/v21n21a04 Brizuela, B., y Lara-Roth, S. (2002). Additive relations and function tables. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 20(3), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-3123(02)00076-7 Coutanson, B. (2010). La question de l’éducation statistique et de la formation de l’esprit statistique à l’école primaire en France. Étude exploratoire de quelques caractéristiques de situations inductrices d’un enseignement de la statistique au cycle III (Tesis doctoral). Université de Lyon, Francia. Recuperado desde https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494338/ Dibble, E. (1997). The Interpretation of Tables and Graphs. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. Duval, R. (2003). Comment Analyser le Fonctionnement Representationnel des Tableaux et leur Diversite? Spirale -Revue de Recherches en Éducation-, 32, 7-31. Recuperado desde http://spirale-edu-revue.fr/IMG/pdf/1_Duval_Spi32F.pdf Estrella, S. (2014). El formato tabular: una revisión de literatura. Revista Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 14(2), 1-23. Estrella, S., e Isoda, M. (2020). Suma Primero: manual del docente, 1° básico. Valparaíso: Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso. Estrella, S., Mena-Lorca, A., y Olfos, R. (2017). Naturaleza del objeto matemático “Tabla”. Magis: Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, 10(20), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v14i2.14817 Estrella, S., Olfos, R., Morales, S., y Vidal-Szabó, P. (2017). Argumentaciones de estudiantes de primaria sobre representaciones externas de datos: componentes lógicas, numéricas y geométricas. Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Matemática Educativa, 20(3), 345-370. https://doi.org/10.12802/relime.17.2034 Estrella, S., Olfos, R., Vidal-Szabó, P., Morales, S., y Estrella, P. (2018). Competencia meta-representacional en los primeros grados: representaciones externas de datos y sus componentes. Revista Enseñanza de las Ciencias, 36(2), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/ensciencias.2143 Estrella, S., Zakaryan, D., Olfos, R., y Espinoza, G. (2020). How teachers learn to maintain the cognitive demand of tasks through Lesson Study. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-018-09423-y Friel, S. N., Curcio, F. R., y Bright, G. W. (2001). Making sense of graphs: Critical factors influencing comprehension and instructional implications. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 124-158. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/749671 Gabucio, F., Martí, E., Enfedaque, J., Gilabert, S., y Konstantinidou, A. (2010). Niveles de comprensión de las tablas en estudiantes de primaria y secundaria. Cultura y Educación, 22(2), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1174/113564010791304528 Kaufman, E. L., Lord, M. W., Reese, T. W., y Volkmann, J. (1949). The discrimination of visual number. The American journal of psychology, 62(4), 498-525. Lehrer, R., y Schauble, L. (2000). Inventing data structures for representational purposes: Elementary grade students' classification models. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 2(1-2), 51-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1207/S15327833MTL0202_3 Martí, E. (2009). Tables as cognitive tools in primary education. En C. Andersen, N. Scheuer, M. Pérez Echeverría, y E.V. Teubal (Coord.), Representational systems and practices as learning tools (pp. 133-148). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Martí, E., García-Mila, M., Gabucio, F., y Konstantinidou, K. (2010). The construction of a double-entry table: a study of primary and secondary school students’ difficulties. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 26(2), 215-234. www.jstor.org/stable/23883606 Martí, E., Pérez, E., y De la Cerda, C. (2010). Alfabetización gráfica. La apropiación de las tablas como instrumentos cognitivos. Contextos, 10, 65-78. Martínez, M., y Brizuela, B. (2006). A third grader’s way of thinking about linear function tables. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 25, 285-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2006.11.003 Ministerio de Educación de Chile. (2018). Bases Curriculares Primero a Sexto Básico. Santiago de Chile: Unidad de Currículum y Evaluación, Ministerio de Educación de Chile. Recuperado desde https://www.curriculumnacional.cl/614/articles-22394_bases.pdf Moore, D. S., y Cobb, G. W. (2000). Statistics and mathematics: Tension and cooperation. The American Mathematical Monthly, 107(7), 615-630. Nisbet, S., Jones, G., Thornton, C., Langrall, C., y Mooney, E. (2003). Children’s Representation and Organisation of Data. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 15(1), 42-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03217368 Pérez-Echeverría, M., y Scheuer, N. (2009). External Representations as Learning Tools: An Introduction. En C. Andersen, N. Scheuer, M. Pérez-Echeverría, y E. Teubal (Eds.), Representational systems and practices as learning tools (pp. 1-17). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Pfannkuch, M., y Rubick, A. (2002). An exploration of students’ statistical thinking with given data. Statistics Education Research Journal, 1(2), 4-21. https://iase-web.org/documents/SERJ/SERJ1(2).pdf Sepúlveda, A., Díaz-Levicoy, D., y Jara, D. (2018). Evaluación de la comprensión sobre Tablas Estadísticas en estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Bolema: Boletim de Educação Matemática, 32(62), 869-886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v32n62a06 Tukey, J. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Wu, H., y Krajcik, J. (2006). Inscriptional Practices in Two Inquiry-Based Classrooms: A Case Study of Seventh Graders’ Use of Data Tables and Graphs. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43(1), 63-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20092 Financiamiento: Esta investigación se ha realizado dentro del proyecto subvencionado por Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) / FONDECYT 1200346 y Proyecto VRIE-PUCV 039.439/2020

The stability of food agglomerates is very important for keeping optimal instant properties as well as flow characteristics. Compression tests have been proven not only to be useful tools in char acterizing attrition, but also excellent descriptors for powder flowability. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of particle size and water activity ( a w) on the compression characteristics of selected agglomerated food powders, and then to identify suitable mathematical models by using a non-linear regression program for predicting the compression characteristics of food agglomerates when partial attrition takes place. Three agglomerated food powders - non-fat milk, low fat milk and instant coffee - were classified by size into five or six fractions with a set of RX-29 sieve screens. Each fraction was conditioned at three aw levels, placed in a cylindrical compression cell, and compressed with a piston attached to the crosshead of a TA-XT2 texture analyser. The crosshead speed was 1 mm/s in all tests and the maximum force applied was 245 N. Particle size was found to play a significant role in compression tests in that the greater the particle size, the greater the volume reduction. It was easier to compress the low aw samples, but in all tests changing aw did not significantly affect compression characteristics. Sone's two- parameter model accurately described the combination of compaction and attrition when compres sion pressure did not exceed a certain level, while Peleg's double-exponential model with four parameters best fitted the compression data.

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini dilakukan guna menguji pengaruh e-WOM dan brand image terhadap online purchase intention fashion muslim secara parsial dan simultan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah milenial muslim di Kota Surabaya yang tidak pernah belanja fashion muslim secara online. Sampel yang diambil dengan teknik nonprobability sampling serta metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian sebanyak 70 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis dengan uji deskriptif, uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, uji model dan uji hipotesis. Dalam melakukan pengujian tersebut dalam mengolah datanya penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Setelah dilakukan pengujian terhadap variabel-variabel yang diteliti maka hasil yang didapatkan adalah (1) e-WOM dan brand image secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap online purchase intention. (2) Variabel e-WOM lebih dominan terhadap online purchase intention. (3) e-WOM dan brand image secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap online purchase intention.Kata Kunci: E-WOM, Brand image, Online Purchase Intention, Fashion Muslim. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was conducted to test the influence of e-WOM and brand image on online purchase intention fashion Muslim partially and simultaneously. The population in this study is Muslim millennials in Surabaya who have never shopped for Muslim fashion online. Samples taken with nonprobability sampling techniques as well as purposive sampling methods. The data collection in this study used primary data by disseminating questionnaires online. In this study, we used samples that matched the research criteria of 70 respondents. This study uses analytical techniques with descriptive tests, instrument tests, classic assumption tests, model tests and hypothesis tests. In conducting such tests in processing the data this research uses SPSS version 26. After testing the variables studied, the results obtained are (1) e-WOM and brand image partially affects online purchase intention. (2) e-WOM variables are more dominant against online purchase intention. (3) e-WOM and brand image simultaneously affect online purchase intention.Keywords: E-WOM, Brand image, Online Purchase Intention, Muslim Fashion. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAgatha, C., Tumbel, A., & Soepeno, D. (2019). Pengaruh brand image dan electronic word of mouth terhadap minat beli konsumen oriflame di Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 7(1), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v7i1.22291APJII. (2018). Laporan survey penetrasi dan profil perilaku pengguna internet Indonesia. Jakarta: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.______. (2017). Infografis penetrasi & perilaku pengguna internet Indonesia 2017. Jakarta: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.Bambauer-Sachse, S., & Mangold, S. (2011). Brand equity dilution through negative online word-of-mouth communication. Journal of retailing and consumer services, 18(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.09.003Day, G. S. (1976). A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty. In Mathematical models in marketing (pp. 89-89). Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer.Huda, N., Hudori, K., Fahlevi, R., Mazaya, D., & Sugiarti, D. (2017). Pemasaran syariah: Teori & aplikasi. Jakarta: Kencana.Jalilvand, M. R., & Samiei, N. (2012). The effect of electronic word of mouth on brand image and purchase intention: An empirical study in the automobile industry in Iran. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 30(4), 460-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501211231946Salisbury, W. D., Pearson, R. A., Pearson, A. W., & Miller, D. W. (2001). Perceived security and World Wide Web purchase intention. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 101(4), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570110390071Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer behavior. New Jersey: Prenhallindo.Wibowo, A. (2015). Pengaruh elektronik word of mouth dan brand image terhadap purchase intention pada konsumen smartphone samsung yang berbasis android. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 12(1), 71-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jim.v12i1.11743

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do Método de Pontos Interiores (MPI), tipo trajetória central, na maximização de funções-objetivos associadas à produção e receita agrícola com limitações de água e nitrogênio. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um procedimento iterativo buscando maximizar a produção e renda separadamente, em função da água e do nitrogênio aplicado numa caixa bidimensional de restrições, a partir de funções de produtividade para as culturas do melão e melancia. Após caracterização e implementação do modelo matemático, foram gerados resultados numéricos para diferentes cenários agrícolas. Concluiu-se que a metodologia de pontos interiores (MPI), utilizada neste estudo, foi capaz de maximizar a produtividade e receita, resultando na obtenção de valores confiáveis quando comparada com a metodologia Simplex. UNITERMOS: Metodologia de Pontos Interiores, programação não linear, otimização DELGADO, A. R. S.; DUARTE, W. S.; LIMA, V. N.; CARVALHO, D. F. de. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR OPTIMATIZATION OF IN COME OF MELON AND WATERMELON IN WATER DEPTHS AND NITROGEN RATES DOSES FUNCTIONS 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the Interior Point Method (central path) in the maximization of objective functions associated to production and agricultural income with water and nitrogen constraints. Thus, a computational procedure to maximize the production in relation to water and nitrogen applied to the melon and watermelon cultivation was developed in a bi-dimensional box of constraints. The model was characterized and numerical results were presented for different agricultural scenes. It was concluded that the interior point method (IPM) used in this study was capable to maximize the productivity and revenue, obtaining reliable values when compared with Simplex method. KEYWORDS: Interior Point Method, nonlinear programming, optimization

Local supersymmetry (SUSY) provides an attractive framework for the incorporation of gravity and unification of gauge interactions within Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). Its breakdown can lead to a variety of models with softly broken SUSY at low energies. In this review article, we focus on the SUSY extension of the Standard Model (SM) with an extra U ( 1 ) N gauge symmetry originating from a string-inspired E 6 GUTs. Only in this U ( 1 ) extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) can the right-handed neutrinos be superheavy, providing a mechanism for the baryon asymmetry generation. The particle content of this exceptional supersymmetric standard model (E 6 SSM) includes three 27 representations of the E 6 group, to ensure anomaly cancellation. In addition it also contains a pair of S U ( 2 ) W doublets as required for the unification of gauge couplings. Thus, E 6 SSM involves exotic matter beyond the MSSM. We consider symmetries that permit suppressing flavor changing processes and rapid proton decay, as well as gauge coupling unification, the gauge symmetry breaking and the spectrum of Higgs bosons in this model. The possible Large Hadron Collider (LHC) signatures caused by the presence of exotic states are also discussed.

Our work in corrosion has encompassed numerical simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This presentation provides an overview of insights gained from these endeavors. Numerical simulations train insight In collaboration with Kevin Kennelley and Lee Bone, then from Arco, our group developed boundary-element models to simulate cathodic protection (CP) of pipelines with coating defects that exposed bare steel. Designed initially for the trans-Alaska pipeline,1 the model was extended to account for multiple pipes, multiple CP systems,2 buried tanks, and tank bottoms.3 The program could be used to simulate rectifier wars in which impressed current on one CP system can induce corrosion on adjacent or crossing systems. This program was used to demonstrate the behavior of heterogeneous anodes. For example, addition of impressed current anodes to an inadequate set of sacrificial anodes runs the risk of protecting the sacrificial anodes at the expense of protecting steel exposed by coating defects. In collaboration with Richard Woollam, then with BP, and, later, with Scott Briggs, NWMO, our group developed finite-element COMSOL models that accounted for corrosion under droplets containing dissolved oxygen.4 The models include coupled, nonlinear, conservation equations for ionic species, which account for migration, diffusion, local electroneutrality, homogeneous reactions, and formation of precipitates. The presence of anodic and cathodic regions was not assumed a priori, but was rather the result of numerical simulations, which revealed galvanic coupling caused by differential aeration cells. This work showed that, while differential aeration created nonuniform corrosion for steel covered by a deposit or droplet, corrosion of copper was largely uniform. Impedance spectroscopy can provide useful parameters While the use of the Stern-Geary relationship to extract corrosion current is well known, this approach applies only for systems under kinetic control. More information may be extracted from the ubiquitous constant-phase-element (CPE) behavior. In collaboration with scientists/engineers from France and Italy, our group developed the power-law model, which provides an equation that relates CPE parameters to film thickness, dielectric constant, and film resistivity at the film-electrolyte interface.5,6 This model can be augmented with the measurement model, from which capacitance may be extracted.7 Thus, if the dielectric constant is known, the measurement model can yield the corresponding film thickness and the power-law model can yield the resistivity distribution in the film.8 An early version of this approach is now in commercial use.9 Acknowledgements I am grateful for all the students and collaborators who walked part of this journey with me. These include students J. Matthew Esteban and Doug Riemer (CP models), Ya-Chiao Chang and Chen You, (droplet models), and Bryan Hirschorn (power-law model). I thank collaborators Bernard Tribollet, Vincent Vivier, Marco Musiani, and Nadine Pébère, with whom I have explored the arcane arts of impedance spectroscopy. Finally, I thank the Corrosion Division awards committee for bestowing upon me the 2022 H. H. Uhlig Award. References E. Orazem, J. M. Esteban, K. J. Kennelley, and R. M. Degerstedt, “Mathematical Models for Cathodic Protection of an Underground Pipeline with Coating Holidays: 1. Theoretical Development,” Corrosion, 53 (1997), 264-272. Liu, A. Shankar, M. E. Orazem, and D. P. Riemer, “Numerical Simulations for Cathodic Protection of Pipelines,” in Underground Pipeline Corrosion: Detection, Analysis, and Prevention, M. E. Orazem, editor, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK, 2014, 85-126. P. Riemer and M. E. Orazem, “A Mathematical Model for the Cathodic Protection of Tank Bottoms,” Corrosion Science, 47 (2005), 849-868. -C. Chang, R. Woollam, and M. E. Orazem, “Mathematical Models for Under-Deposit Corrosion: 1. Aerated Media,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 161 (2014), C321-C329. Hirschorn, M. E. Orazem, B. Tribollet, V. Vivier, I. Frateur, and M. Musiani, “Constant-Phase-Element Behavior Caused by Resistivity Distributions in Films: 1. Theory,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 157 (2010) C452-C457. E. Orazem, B. Tribollet, V. Vivier, S. Marcelin, N. Pébère, A. L. Bunge, E. A. White, D. P. Riemer, I. Frateur, and M. Musiani, “Dielectric Properties of Materials showing Constant-Phase Element (CPE) Impedance Response,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 160 (2013), C215-C225. Liao, W. Watson, A. Dizon, B. Tribollet, V. Vivier, and M. E. Orazem, “Physical Properties Obtained from Measurement Model Analysis of Impedance Measurements,” Electrochimica Acta, 354 (2020), 136747. You, A. Titov, B. H. Kim, and M. E. Orazem, “Impedance Measurements on QLED Devices: Analysis of High-Frequency Loop in Terms of Material Properties,” Journal of Solid-State Electrochemistry, 24 (2020), 3083-3090. P. Riemer and M. E. Orazem, “Impedance-Based Characterization of Raw Materials as Used in Electrochemical Manufacturing,” The Electrochemical Society Interface, Fall 2014, 23:3 (2014), 63-67.

Problem solving skills are very important in supporting social development. Children with problem solving skills can build healthy relationships with their friends, understand the emotions of those around them, and see events with other people's perspectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of playing unplugged coding programs in improving early childhood problem solving skills. This study used a classroom action research design, using the Kemmis and Taggart cycle models. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years in Shafa Marwah Kindergarten. Research can achieve the target results of increasing children's problem-solving abilities after going through two cycles. In the first cycle, the child's initial problem-solving skills was 67.5% and in the second cycle it increased to 80.5%. The initial skills of children's problem-solving increases because children tend to be enthusiastic and excited about the various play activities prepared by the teacher. The stimulation and motivation of the teacher enables children to find solutions to problems faced when carrying out play activities. So, it can be concluded that learning unplugged coding is an activity that can attract children's interest and become a solution to bring up children's initial problem-solving abilities. Keywords: Early Childhood, Unplugged Coding, Problem solving skills References: Akyol-Altun, C. (2018). Algorithm and coding education in pre-school teaching program integration the efectiveness of problem-solving skills in students. Angeli, C., Smith, J., Zagami, J., Cox, M., Webb, M., Fluck, A., & Voogt, J. (2016). A K-6 Computational Thinking Curriculum Framework: Implications for Teacher Knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 12. Anlıak, Ş., & Dinçer, Ç. (2005). 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Summary This work provides an efficient algorithm to compute transient pressure responses of inclined wells. The solution is derived in the Laplace domain and cast into computationally efficient forms for all inclination angles. The algorithm allows the computation of pressures and derivatives at the wellbore as well as at observation points. Short- and long-time approximations for the evaluation of pressure responses are also provided. The long-time approximation is used to derive a general pseudoskin expression that is applicable for all inclination angles. Example computations are presented in the forms of tables and figures to display the efficacy, accuracy, and the practical use of the algorithm. Introduction The central contribution of this work is to present a new solution to compute pressure distributions caused by directionally drilled (inclined or slanted) wells. This solution is presented in terms of the Laplace transformation. We present a computationally attractive scheme that may be used for inclinations from vertical to horizontal; this feature permits us to compute pressure distributions for partially penetrating or limited-entry and extended-reach wells. Thus, our contribution removes a restriction that is often noted in the literature regarding the Cinco et al.1 solution (see Ref. 2). Results from our solution are compared with available solutions for vertical, inclined, and horizontal wells. The mathematical model is identical to that considered by Cinco et al.1 except that we work in terms of the Laplace transformation. We, however, present results for conditions not considered in Ref. 1 (high-angle and limited-entry wells). The advantage of working in terms of the Laplace transformation is that the extensions to the variable rate and wellbore storage and skin problems, the naturally fractured-reservoir formulation, and commingled-reservoir behavior may be readily handled. The focus of this work is on computational issues. The specific contributions of this communication are as follows: We present a viable and tractable solution to compute pressure distributions. Alternate forms of the solution are presented to permit computations for all time ranges of interest. An expression for the pseudoskin function is derived. This expression is useful in obtaining long-time, fluid flow responses around an inclined well and should be suitable for calculating the productivity index and transmissibility modifiers in reservoir simulation models. We present results in tabular form so as to permit others to evaluate their own codes; we supplement the information documented by Cinco et al.1 by concentrating on high-angle and limited-entry cases. Mathematical Model We consider the classic problem of the unsteady flow of a slightly compressible liquid to an inclined well in a reservoir that is infinite in its lateral extent. The top and bottom boundaries are impermeable. The well is assumed to be a line source and production may or may not take place over its entire length; that is, we examine limited-entry or partially penetrating wells. Two-dimensional anisotropy is considered; kh and kz represent the permeabilities in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The pressure is uniform initially throughout the reservoir and equal to pi. The inclination angle of the well, ?, is measured from the positive z axis in the clockwise direction. Fig. 1 presents a schematic of the system examined here. We use the following dimensionless variables: The dimensionless pressure is defined by p D = k h h 141.2 q B μ ( p i − p ) , ( 1 ) the dimensionless time by t D = 0.0002637 k h ϕ c t μ l 2 t , ( 2 ) the dimensionless distances by r D = r l , ( 3 ) z D = z l k h k z , ( 4 ) h D = h l k h k z , ( 5 ) and the dimensionless well length and transformed well inclination angle are defined, respectively, by h w D = h w l k h k z c o s 2 ψ + s i n 2 ψ , ( 6 ) ψ ′ = t a n − 1 ( k z k h t a n ψ ) . ( 7 ) The definitions of hwD and ?? given in Eqs. 6 and 7 are a result of the transformation of the original anisotropic system into one that is isotropic (the coordinate transformation does not only scale distances but also rotates angles). Thus, for example, the effect of anisotropy appears to be a simple scale contraction for the formation thickness (hD) whereas it is both a scale change (hwD) and rotation of the angle (??) for the inclined well. In Eqs. 2-7, l is some characteristic length of the system and for the numerical results presented in this paper, it is chosen to be the wellbore radius rw The midpoint of the well is denoted by zwD which is also defined as in Eq. 4.

One form of early mathematical recognition is to introduce the concept of geometric shapes. Geometry is an important scientific discipline for present and future life by developing various ways that fit 21st century skills. This study aims to overcome the problem of early mathematical recognition of early childhood on geometry, especially how to recognize geometric forms based on computer learning. A total of 24 children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten has to carrying out 2 research cycles with a total of 5 meetings. Treatment activities in each learning cycle include mentioning, grouping and imitating geometric shapes. There were only 7 children who were able to recognize the geometric shapes in the pre-research cycle (29.2%). An increase in the number of children who are able to do activities well in each research cycle includes: 1) The activities mentioned in the first cycle and 75% in the second cycle; 2) Classifying activities in the first cycle were 37.5% and 75% in the second cycle; 3) Imitation activities in the first cycle 54.2% and 79.2% in the second cycle. The results of data acquisition show that computer learning application can improve the ability to recognize geometric shapes, this is because computer learning provides software that has activities to recognize geometric shapes with the animation and visuals displayed. Keywords: Early Childhood Computer Learning, Geometry Forms, Early Math Skills Reference Alia, T., & Irwansyah. (2018). Pendampingan Orang Tua pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Penggunaan Teknologi Digital. A Journal of Language, Literature, Culture and Education, 14(1), 65– 78. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v14i1.639 Ameliola, S., & Nugraha, H. D. (2013). 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The talking drawings strategy: Using primary children’s Illustrations and oral language to improve comprehension of expository text. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643- 007-0184-5 Putra, L. D., & Ishartiwi. (2015). Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaram Interaktif Mengenal Angka dan Huruf untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 2(2). Rich, B., & Thomas, C. (2009). Geometry: Includes Plane, Analytic, and Transformational Geometries. . (4th Editio). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rochanah, L. (2016). Pemanfaatan Media Berbasis Komputer Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Huruf pada Anak Usia Dini (Urgensi Media Berbasis Komputer pada Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf ). Jurnal Program Studi PGRA, Volume 2 N, 1–8. Runtukahu, T., & Kandou, S. (2014). Pembelajaran matematika dasar bagi anak berkesulitan belajar. Yogyakarta: Ar-ruzz Media. Santrock, J. W. (2016). Children (Thirteenth). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. 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Purpose The purpose of this study is to introduce the reproducing kernel algorithm for treating classes of time-fractional partial differential equations subject to Robin boundary conditions with parameters derivative arising in fluid flows, fluid dynamics, groundwater hydrology, conservation of energy, heat conduction and electric circuit. Design/methodology/approach The method provides appropriate representation of the solutions in convergent series formula with accurately computable components. This representation is given in the W(Ω) and H(Ω) inner product spaces, while the computation of the required grid points relies on the R(y,s) (x, t) and r(y,s) (x, t) reproducing kernel functions. Findings Numerical simulation with different order derivatives degree is done including linear and nonlinear terms that are acquired by interrupting the n-term of the exact solutions. Computational results showed that the proposed algorithm is competitive in terms of the quality of the solutions found and is very valid for solving such time-fractional models. Research limitations/implications Future work includes the application of the reproducing kernel algorithm to highly nonlinear time-fractional partial differential equations such as those arising in single and multiphase flows. The results will be published in forthcoming papers. Practical implications The study included a description of fundamental reproducing kernel algorithm and the concepts of convergence, and error behavior for the reproducing kernel algorithm solvers. Results obtained by the proposed algorithm are found to outperform in terms of accuracy, generality and applicability. Social implications Developing analytical and numerical methods for the solutions of time-fractional partial differential equations is a very important task owing to their practical interest. Originality/value This study, for the first time, presents reproducing kernel algorithm for obtaining the numerical solutions of some certain classes of Robin time-fractional partial differential equations. An efficient construction is provided to obtain the numerical solutions for the equations, along with an existence proof of the exact solutions based upon the reproducing kernel theory.

In this work, we discuss elasticity equations on a two-dimensional domain with random boundaries and we apply these equations to modelling human corneas. References R. C. Augustyn, D. Nankivil, A. Mohamed, B. Maceo, F. Pierre, and J.-M. Parel. Human ocular biometry. Exp. Eye Res. 102 (2012), pp. 70–75. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.06.009. F. Ballarin, A. Manzoni, G. Rozza, and S. Salsa. Shape optimization by free-form deformation: Existence results and numerical solution for Stokes flows. J. Sci. Comput. 60.3 (2014), pp. 537–563. doi: 10.1007/s10915-013-9807-8. S. C. Brenner and L.-Y. Sung. Linear finite element methods for planar linear elasticity. Math. Comp. 59 (1992), pp. 321–338. doi: 10.2307/2153060. M. C. Delfour and J.-P. Zolesio. Shapes and geometries. Advances in Design and Control. SIAM, Philadelphia, 2001. doi: 10.1137/1.9780898719826. J. Dick. Higher order scrambled digital nets achieve the optimal rate of the root mean square error for smooth integrands. Ann. Statist. 39.3 (2011), pp. 1372–1398. doi: 10.1214/11-AOS880. J. Dick, F. Y. Kuo, Q. T. Le Gia, and Ch. Schwab. Multilevel higher order QMC Petrov–Galerkin discretization for affine parametric operator equations. SIAM J. Num. Anal. 4.54 (2015), pp. 2541–2568. doi: 10.1137/16M1078690 A. Eilaghi, J. G. Flanagan, I. Tertinegg, C. A. Simmons, G. W. Brodland, and C. R. Ethier. Biaxial testing of human sclera. J. Biomech. 43 (2010), pp. 1696–1701. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.031. U. Fares, A. M Otri, M. A. Al-Aqaba, and H. S. Dua. Correlation of central and peripheral corneal thickness in healthy corneas. Cont. Lens Anterior Eye 35 (2012), pp. 39–45. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2011.07.004. R. N. Gantner and Ch. Schwab. Computational higher order quasi-Monte Carlo integration. Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. Vol. 163. Springer Proc. Math. Stat. Springer, 2016, pp. 271–288. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33507-0_12. on p. C129). H. Harbrecht. Second moment analysis for Robin boundary value problems on random domains. Singular Phenomena and Scaling in Mathematical Models. Ed. by M. Griebel. Springer, 2014, pp. 361–381. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-00786-1_16. H. Harbrecht, M. Peters, and M. Siebenmorgen. Analysis of the domain mapping method for elliptic diffusion problems on random domains. Numer. Math. 134.4 (2016), pp. 823–856. doi: 10.1007/s00211-016-0791-4. H. Harbrecht, R. Schneider, and Ch. Schwab. Sparse second moment analysis for elliptic problems in stochastic domains. Numer. Math. 109.3 (2008), pp. 385–414. doi: 10.1007/s00211-008-0147-9. R. Hiptmair and J. Li. Shape derivatives in differential forms I: an intrinsic perspective. Ann. Matematica Pura Appl. 192 (2013), pp. 1077–1098. doi: 10.1007/s10231-012-0259-9. C. R. de Lima, L. A. Mello, R. G. Lima, and E. C. N. Silva. Electrical impedance tomography through constrained sequential linear programming: a topology optimization approach. Meas. Sci. Tech. 18.9 (2007), pp. 2847–2858. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/18/9/014. M. Loeve. Probability theory I. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, 1978. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9464-8. R. Martin, S. Jonuscheit, A. Rio-Cristobal, and M. J. Doughty. Repeatability of Pentacam peripheral corneal thickness measurements. Cont. Lens Anterior Eye 38 (2015), pp. 424–429. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.05.001. R. von Mises. Mechanik der festen Körper im plastisch-deformablen Zustand. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 1 (1913), pp. 562–592. url: https://eudml.org/doc/58894 F. Orucoglu and E. Toker. Comparative analysis of anterior segment parameters in normal and keratoconic eyes generated by Scheimpflug tomography. J. Ophthalmol., 925414 (2015), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1155/2015/925414. D. C. Pye. A clinical method for estimating the modulus of elasticity of the human cornea in vivo. PLOS One 15 (2020), pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224824.

Many construction processes are carried out by machines working together and forming technological systems, eg earthmoving machinery made up of excavators and haulers (trucks). Productivity (W(N) ) is a key to valuate the process design purposes. The paper presents the results obtained by applying artificial neural networks to predict productivity (W(N),S ) for earthmoving machinery systems, consisting of c excavators and N haulers. Experimentally determined productivity values can form a standard basis for designing construction earthworks. Possessing the data set consisting of the technical parameters of earthmoving machinery systems and the corresponding productivities for different output hauling distances, one can train artificial neural networks and use subsequently for the reliable prediction of W(N),S .

The paper presents two approaches of determining S-N fatigue characteristics. The first is a commonly used and well-documented approach based on the least squares method and staircase method for limited fatigue life and fatigue limit, accordingly. The other approach employs the maximum likelihood method. The analysis of the parameters obtained through both approaches exhibited minor differences. The analysis was performed for four steel construction materials, i.e. C45+C, 45, SUS630 and AISI 1045. It should be noted that the quantity of samples required in the second approach is significantly smaller than with the first approach, which translates into lower duration and costs of tests.

This research aimed to map the quality curriculum used of kindergartens in Jakarta. The mapping curriculum was done by looking at the suitability curriculum with the stages of child development, needs of children, using the child-centered learning process, and taking ad-vantage of technological development. Subjects were 32 kindergarten institutions in Jakarta (North Jakarta and Jakarta Central), from 14 districts. Kindergarten institutions selected by representing every district. In collecting data, the researchers conducted an analysis content of curriculum and interview with respondents and informants in kindergarten institutions ei-ther principals or teachers in schools who selected as samples. The research team conducted a meeting to gather information that recorded as a result of observation and described in-depth interviews in the diary of researchers — the data collected from 16 kindergartens that are willing to research subject. The data consisted of curriculum documents, curriculum evaluation instruments and interviews’ result that analyzed qualitatively from the beginning of the data collection process including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Keyword: Content, Curriculum, Evaluation, Kindergarten References Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Dhieni, N., & Utami, A. D. (2013). Evaluasi Konten Kurikulum Taman Kanak-Kanak di DKI Jakarta Tahun ke 1 dari rencana 3 tahun. Jakarta: FIP press. Dodge, D. T. (2004). Early Childhood Curriculum Models Why What and How Programs Use them. Exchange Organizational Behavior Teaching Journal, (February), 71–75. Eliason, C., & Jenkins, L. (2008). A Practical Guide to Early Childhood Curriculum 8th. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Fox-turnbull, W. (2007). Implementing Digital Technology in The New Zealand Curriculum. Gestwicki, C. (2007). Developmentally Appropriate Practice Curriculum, and Development in Early Education 3rd Ed. New York: Thomson Delmar. Hainstock, E. G. (2002). Montessori untuk Prasekolah. Jakarta: Pustaka Delapratasa. Hasan, S. H. (2008). Evaluasi Kurikulum. (U. & R. Rosdakarya, Ed.). Bandung. Haslip, M. J., & Gullo, D. F. (2018). The Changing Landscape of Early Childhood Education: Implications for Policy and Practice. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(3), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0865-7 Jackman, H. L. (2012). Early Education Curriculum: A Child’s Connection to the World Fifth Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Jacman, H. (2012). Early Education Curriculum. Pedagogical Development Unit, (FEBRUARY 2011), 163. Retrieved from https://www.eursc.eu/Syllabuses/2011-01-D-15-en-4.pdf Kostelnik, M. J., Soderman, A. K., & P, A. (2007). Whiren, Developmentally Appro-priate Curriculum: Best Practices in Early Childhood Education 4th. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mak, B., Keung, C., & Cheung, A. (2018). Analyzing Curriculum Orientations of Kindergarten Curriculum. In Teacher Education, Learning Innovation and Accountability, (pp. 135–153). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2026-2 Odom, S. L., Butera, G., Diamond, K. E., Hanson, M. J., Horn, E., Lieber, J., … Marquis, J. (2019). Efficacy of a Comprehensive Early Childhood Curriculum to Enhance Children’s Success. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121419827654 Plowman, L., Stephen, C., & Mcpake, J. (2010). Growing Up with Technology (pp. 1–169). London and New York: Routledge. Roopnarine, J. L., & Johnson, J. E. (2005). Approaches to Early Childhood Education 4th Ed,. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Sarama, J., & Clements, D. H. (2019). From Cognition to Curriculum to Scale. Cognitive Foundations for Improving Mathematical Learning. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815952-1.00006-2 Wood, E., & Hedges, H. (2016). Curriculum in early childhood education: critical questions about content, coherence, and control. Curriculum Journal, 27(3), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2015.1129981 Yang, W., & Li, H. (2019). Changing culture, changing curriculum: a case study of early childhood curriculum innovations in two Chinese kindergartens. Curriculum Journal, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2019.1568269

AbstractWe consider the family of Hecke triangle groups $$ \Gamma _{w} = \langle S, T_w\rangle $$ Γ w = ⟨ S , T w ⟩ generated by the Möbius transformations $$ S : z\mapsto -1/z $$ S : z ↦ - 1 / z and $$ T_{w} : z \mapsto z+w $$ T w : z ↦ z + w with $$ w > 2.$$ w > 2 . In this case, the corresponding hyperbolic quotient $$ \Gamma _{w}\backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2 $$ Γ w \ H 2 is an infinite-area orbifold. Moreover, the limit set of $$ \Gamma _w $$ Γ w is a Cantor-like fractal whose Hausdorff dimension we denote by $$ \delta (w). $$ δ ( w ) . The first result of this paper asserts that the twisted Selberg zeta function $$ Z_{\Gamma _{ w}}(s, \rho ) $$ Z Γ w ( s , ρ ) , where $$ \rho : \Gamma _{w} \rightarrow \mathrm {U}(V) $$ ρ : Γ w → U ( V ) is an arbitrary finite-dimensional unitary representation, can be realized as the Fredholm determinant of a Mayer-type transfer operator. This result has a number of applications. We study the distribution of the zeros in the half-plane $$\mathrm {Re}(s) > \frac{1}{2}$$ Re ( s ) > 1 2 of the Selberg zeta function of a special family of subgroups $$( \Gamma _w^N )_{N\in {\mathbb {N}}} $$ ( Γ w N ) N ∈ N of $$\Gamma _w$$ Γ w . These zeros correspond to the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on the associated hyperbolic surfaces $$X_w^N = \Gamma _w^N \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2$$ X w N = Γ w N \ H 2 . We show that the classical Selberg zeta function $$Z_{\Gamma _w}(s)$$ Z Γ w ( s ) can be approximated by determinants of finite matrices whose entries are explicitly given in terms of the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, we prove an asymptotic expansion for the Hausdorff dimension $$\delta (w)$$ δ ( w ) as $$w\rightarrow \infty $$ w → ∞ .

AbstractWe consider the family of Hecke triangle groups $$ \Gamma _{w} = \langle S, T_w\rangle $$ Γ w = ⟨ S , T w ⟩ generated by the Möbius transformations $$ S : z\mapsto -1/z $$ S : z ↦ - 1 / z and $$ T_{w} : z \mapsto z+w $$ T w : z ↦ z + w with $$ w > 2.$$ w > 2 . In this case, the corresponding hyperbolic quotient $$ \Gamma _{w}\backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2 $$ Γ w \ H 2 is an infinite-area orbifold. Moreover, the limit set of $$ \Gamma _w $$ Γ w is a Cantor-like fractal whose Hausdorff dimension we denote by $$ \delta (w). $$ δ ( w ) . The first result of this paper asserts that the twisted Selberg zeta function $$ Z_{\Gamma _{ w}}(s, \rho ) $$ Z Γ w ( s , ρ ) , where $$ \rho : \Gamma _{w} \rightarrow \mathrm {U}(V) $$ ρ : Γ w → U ( V ) is an arbitrary finite-dimensional unitary representation, can be realized as the Fredholm determinant of a Mayer-type transfer operator. This result has a number of applications. We study the distribution of the zeros in the half-plane $$\mathrm {Re}(s) > \frac{1}{2}$$ Re ( s ) > 1 2 of the Selberg zeta function of a special family of subgroups $$( \Gamma _w^N )_{N\in {\mathbb {N}}} $$ ( Γ w N ) N ∈ N of $$\Gamma _w$$ Γ w . These zeros correspond to the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on the associated hyperbolic surfaces $$X_w^N = \Gamma _w^N \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2$$ X w N = Γ w N \ H 2 . We show that the classical Selberg zeta function $$Z_{\Gamma _w}(s)$$ Z Γ w ( s ) can be approximated by determinants of finite matrices whose entries are explicitly given in terms of the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, we prove an asymptotic expansion for the Hausdorff dimension $$\delta (w)$$ δ ( w ) as $$w\rightarrow \infty $$ w → ∞ .

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). Geological Investigation of Tagwai Dams using Remote Sensing Technique, Minna Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment, 1(01), pp. 26-32. Amadi, A., & Olasehinde, P. (2010). Application of remote sensing techniques in hydrogeological mapping of parts of Bosso Area, Minna, North-Central Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 5(9), pp. 1465-1474. Aplin, P., & Smith, G. (2008). Advances in object-based image classification. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37(B7), pp. 725-728. Ayele, G. T., Tebeje, A. K., Demissie, S. S., Belete, M. A., Jemberrie, M. A., Teshome, W. M., . . . Teshale, E. Z. (2018). Time Series Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection Analysis Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing, Northern Ethiopia. Air, Soil and Water Research, 11, p 1178622117751603. Azevedo, J. A., Chapman, L., & Muller, C. L. (2016). 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Tillage machines that have in their design elastic links in the fastening -f w-rking organs, under certain conditions, can generate active undamped -scillati-ns -f w-rking b-dies due t- the peculiarity -f the cutting pr-cess -f the s-il layer, which all-ws t- reduce the -verall level -f f-rce l-ading and the dynamism -f the functi-ning -f the entire system. At the same time, the questi-n -f the effect -f vibrati-ns -f the w-rking -rgan -n the agr-technical indices -f the -perati-n -f machine-tract-r aggregates, in particular -n the deviati-n -f the pr-cessing depth fr-m the mean value, bec-mes t-pical. The mathematical m-del describing dynamics -f m-vement -f the elastically fixed w-rking b-dy -f the cultivat-r machine-tract-r aggregates, taking int- acc-unt the f-rce, elastic and dissipative characteristics -f the links -f the system is c-nsidered in the article. Dissipative pr-perties -f s-il in the w-rk are characterized by the c-efficient -f attenuati-n -f the s-il envir-nment. The rigidity -f the elastic element in the attachment -f the w-rking member was determined fr-m the c-nditi-n that the frequency -f the natural -scillati-ns -f the system and the frequency -f the disturbing f-rce be equal, which c-rresp-nds t- a res-nant m-de -f -perati-n. Calculati-n -f this mathematical m-del all-wed t- determine the r--t-mean-square deviati-n -f the treatment depth and c-mpare its value with the value -f the devel-ped techn-l-gical t-lerance f-r the change in the rigidity -f the elastic element in the fastening -f the w-rking member, as a result -f which the f-ll-wing c-nclusi-ns were made: the use -f the self--scillati-n m-de -f the w-rking -rgans can significantly influence -n the stability -f the w-rking b-dy in the vertical plane, especially this affects the s-ils with weak dissipative pr-perties, It can be assumed that significant amplitude -scillati-ns -f the w-rking element in the h-riz-ntal plane can lead t- an increased abrasi-n -f the s-il backgr-und by the w-rking -rgan and, as a c-nsequence, t- an increase in the number -f er-ding particles in the s-il and the devel-pment -f wind er-si-n.

Development of theoretical ideas about the mechanism of the rheological behaviour of building mixtures and the experimental assessment of their rheological properties is a relevant area of physiochemical research of materials. To assess the changes in rheological properties when varying the component composition of building mixtures, it is important to use quantitative indicators characterising the microstructure of the mixtures. Revealing the regularities of the formation of heterogeneous microstructures makes it possible to assess their correlation with the rheological properties of buildingmixtures at the macro level. The aim of the paper is to discuss the results of the implementation of methodological approaches, theoretical modelling, and experimental assessment of the quantitative indicators of the rheological properties of typical building mixtures.The experimental research methodology is based on the assessment of the rheological properties of heterogeneous dispersed systems (HDS), taking into account fractal-cluster manifestations in their microheterogeneous component. The experiment was carried out using model HDS containing the components of building mixtures. Their rheological properties were determined by rotational viscometry with different compositions of HDS. The fractal dimension D was used for a quantitativeassessment of the structural and rheological properties and identification of the patterns of their change depending on the composition of mixtures. The value was determined by mathematical modelling.We analysed model concepts of the rheological behaviour of building mixtures. It was shown that the existing rheological models of an elastic-viscous-plastic medium did not give a complete description of the processes of formation and destruction of the microstructure of concentrated HDS (building mixtures). We carried out an experimental assessment of the effect of the properties of solid phase particles on the change in the structural and rheological characteristics of HDS, taking into account the fractal-cluster principles of their structure formation.We specified the ideas about the mechanism of rheological behaviour of building mixtures. They take into consideration the processes of the formation and destruction of fractal-cluster formations in the microstructure of HDS. It was shown that the fractal dimension D can be one of the quantitative characteristics of the structural and rheological properties. We determined the correlation between the fractal dimension D and other experimental rheological characteristics: the ultimateshear stress and effective viscosity. The obtained results can be used to regulate rheological properties and optimise the technological processes for the manufacture of building materials and products. References1. Bazhenov Yu. M. Tekhnologiya betona [Concretetechnology]. Moscow: ASV Publ., 2007, 528 p. (In Russ.).2. Kastornykh L. I., Rautkin A. V., Raev A. S. Effectof water-retaining admixtures on some properties ofself-compacting concretes. Part 1. Rheologicalcharacteristics of cement compositions. StroitelʼnyeMaterialy [Construction Materials Russia]. 2017;750(7):34–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-750-7-34-38 (In Russ., abstract in Eng.).3. Kastornykh L. I., Detochenko I. А., Arinina Е. S.Effect of water-retaining admixtures on someproperties of self-compacting concretes. 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We study the interacting agegraphic dark energy (ADE) model in the non-flat universe by means of the statefinder diagnostic and an w–w′ analysis. First, the evolution of EoS parameter (wd) and deceleration parameter (q) are calculated in terms of scale-factor for interacting ADE models in the non-flat universe. The dependency of wd on the ADE model parameters n and α in different spatial curvatures is investigated. We show that the evolution of q is dependent on the type of spatial curvature, besides dependening on parameters n and α. The accelerated expansion takes place sooner in the open universe and latter in the closed universe as compared with the flat universe. Then, we plot the evolutionary trajectories of the interacting ADE models for different values of the parameters n and α, as well as for different contributions of spatial curvature, in the plane of statefinder parameters. In addition to the statefinder, we also investigate the ADE model in the non-flat universe with w–w′ analysis.

LMC-N66 is an extraordinary planetary nebula whose central star underwent a violent mass loss event which has lasted for 10 years. The outburst reached its maximum in 1994. Since then the star has been slowly fading. During the stellar outburst, the nebular lines have shown no changes.The nebula shows a complex morphology. Two very bright lobes at both sides of the central star, almost aligned in the E-W direction, constitute the main body of the nebula. Several knots and filaments are conspicuous over the surface lying preferentially on the S-E and N-W directions. A couple of faint, extended loops are also detected in the S-E and N-W directions at both sides of the star. The extension of these loops are larger than 0.5 pc at the LMC distance. A no emitting-zone in the S-W quadrant, seems to be part of a dusty toroid around the central star, although the central star is not obscured by such a dark material (see Blades et ale 1992 for a description of N66 morphology).

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the individual $$W^{^{\prime}}$$ W ′ reconstitution kinetics of trained cyclists following repeated bouts of incremental ramp exercise, and to determine an optimal mathematical model to describe $$W^{^{\prime}}$$ W ′ reconstitution. Methods Ten trained cyclists (age 41 ± 10 years; mass 73.4 ± 9.9 kg; $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$ V ˙ O 2 max 58.6 ± 7.1 mL kg min−1) completed three incremental ramps (20 W min−1) to the limit of tolerance with varying recovery durations (15–360 s) on 5–9 occasions. $$W^{^{\prime}}$$ W ′ reconstitution was measured following the first and second recovery periods against which mono-exponential and bi-exponential models were compared with adjusted R2 and bias-corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). Results A bi-exponential model outperformed the mono-exponential model of $$W^{^{\prime}}$$ W ′ reconstitution (AICc 30.2 versus 72.2), fitting group mean data well (adjR2 = 0.999) for the first recovery when optimised with parameters of fast component (FC) amplitude = 50.67%; slow component (SC) amplitude = 49.33%; time constant (τ)FC = 21.5 s; τSC = 388 s. Following the second recovery, W′ reconstitution reduced by 9.1 ± 7.3%, at 180 s and 8.2 ± 9.8% at 240 s resulting in an increase in the modelled τSC to 716 s with τFC unchanged. Individual bi-exponential models also fit well (adjR2 = 0.978 ± 0.017) with large individual parameter variations (FC amplitude 47.7 ± 17.8%; first recovery: (τ)FC = 22.0 ± 11.8 s; (τ)SC = 377 ± 100 s; second recovery: (τ)FC = 16.3.0 ± 6.6 s; (τ)SC = 549 ± 226 s). Conclusions W′ reconstitution kinetics were best described by a bi-exponential model consisting of distinct fast and slow phases. The amplitudes of the FC and SC remained unchanged with repeated bouts, with a slowing of W′ reconstitution confined to an increase in the time constant of the slow component.

In this paper, we have explored non-gravitational interaction dark energy model between dark energy and cold dark matter (CDM). The main purpose of this work is to explore the deviations from Λ C D M and to distinguish the evolution trajectory of the interaction dark energy model with different parameters. Six forms of interaction were focused on. We have analyzed the deceleration parameters of the coupled model and explored the theoretical models through s t a t e f i n d e r h i e r a r c h y and the O m diagnostic. We have considered that the Equation of State (EoS) parameter w and parameter ξ take different values on the interaction dark energy model respectively and keep another parameter unchanged. It was found that q ( z ) is the worst of the four diagnoses. O m , S 3 ( 1 ) and S 4 ( 1 ) are good tools to distinguish the interaction dark energy model from Λ C D M . S 3 ( 1 ) is a better diagnostic tool when the state parameter w changes and the coupling parameter ξ is fixed, while S 4 ( 1 ) works better when the coupling parameter ξ changes and the state parameter w is fixed.

This study aimed to examine the implementation pattern of the constructivist theory in limited face-to-face learning (PTMT). The method used was descriptive qualitative with the subject of teachers in the Malang City area. Data was collected by using a survey distributed online through Google Forms. The results showed that the implementation pattern ofconstructivist theory in limited face-to-face learning (PTMT) was carried out through 5 (five) base of learning implementation, namely the application of problem-based learning, the application of project-based learning, the use of digital-based teaching materials and media, the application of psychosocial learning and contextuallearning. Teachers carried out limited face-to-face learning by applying constructivist theory massively and gradually, starting from planning, the process of learning activities, and learning evaluation. In addition to the use of media and 5M learning models in this study, the application of constructivist theory in PTMT learning aimed to help students become more active and teachers as moderators be more innovative. Learning process carried out at the elementary school level was only 50 percent attendance at the maximum. The implementation of student-centered learning showed 45% was very good, 50% was good, 2.5% was good, 2.5% was not good. The results showed that the inhibiting factor for student-centered implementation was the limited duration of time in learning. On the other hand, there were also restrictions on interactions carried out in the classroom so that teachers experienced a decline in exploring the learning process. Keywords: constructivism theory. limited face-to-face learning, elementary school. References: Adiyono, A. 2021. Implementasi Pembelajaran: Peluang dan Tantangan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Muara Komam. 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Gas metal arc welding is a fusion welding process which has got wide applications in industry. In order to obtain a good quality weld, it is therefore, necessary to control the input welding parameters. In other words proper selection of input welding parameters in this process contribute to weld productivity. One of the important welding output parameters in this process is weld dilution affecting the quality and productivity of weldment. In this research paper using Taguchi method of design of experiments a mathematical model was developed using parameters such as, wire feed rate (W), welding voltage (V), nozzle-to-plate distance (N), welding speed (S) and gas flow rate (G) on weld dilution. After collecting data, signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) were calculated and used in order to obtain the optimum levels for every input parameter. Subsequently, using analysis of variance the significant coefficients for each input factor on the weld dilution were determined and validated. Finally a mathematical model based on regression analysis for predicting the weld dilution was obtained. Results show that wire feed rate (W),arc voltage (V) have increasing effect while Nozzle-to-plate distance (N) and welding speed (S) have decreasing effect on the dilution whereas gas Flow rate alone has almost no effect on dilution but its interaction with other parameters makes it quite significant in increasing the weld dilution

The presence of cavitation in the oil film seriously affects the bearing lubrication performance and bearing capacity. Now the research of this phenomenon mostly focuses on the model of Reynolds equation (R-E equation) or Navier-Stokes equation (N-S), the influence of the two computation models is less analyzed, and the effect of noncondensable gas (NCG) mass fraction on the bearing performance is seldom studied. In the manuscript, the cavitation mechanism is studied using the mixed model of three-dimensional N-S equation and Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson (JFO) condition of two dimensional Reynolds equation, and the influence of rotational speed and NCG mass fraction on the cavitationoil film pressure, and bearing capacity was studied. The results show that the change trend of cavitation with the rotational speed is basically consistent for N-S equation and R-E equation. The bearing capacity calculated by N-S equation is greater than that calculated by R-E equation. The peak pressure and bearing capacity of film can be improved by increasing the NCG mass fraction of lubricant and rotational speed.

Background: The development and research of the applicability of various mathematical models for calculating the solar radiation of companies is an urgent task for the innovative transport system of Myanmar. Aim: Determination of the daily balance of energy generated by solar panels to perform a given operation of the transport system. Materials and methods: Mathematical, algorithmic and software (based on the Python language) have been developed for energy supply and creation of interactive geo-information models for the ELTRO transport system. Results: To estimate solar resources at a point with coordinates ( = 19.76 s. w.; = 96.07 w. d.), data from the databases "NASA", "Meteonorm" and the Myanmar GMS were used and compared with the actual data on the Myanmar GMS database in order to determine the reliability of the information presented in them. Conclusion: The results obtained made it possible to determine the structure of the solar energy supply system and the parameters of typical solar energy modules that provide energy supply not only to the transport system, but also to the adjacent territories.

The ensembles of two Global Climate Models (GCMs) namely, third generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) and Hadley Center Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) are used to project future precipitation in a part of North-Western (N-W) Himalayan region, India. Statistical downscaling method is used to downscale and generate future scenarios of precipitation at station scale from large scale climate variables obtained from GCMs. The observed historical precipitation data has been collected for three metrological stations, namely, Rampur, Sunni and Kasol falling in the basin for further analysis. The future trends and patterns in precipitation under scenarios A2 and A1B for CGCM3 model, and A2 and B2 for HadCM3 model are analyzed for these stations under three different time periods: 2020’s, 2050’s and 2080’s. An overall rise in mean annual precipitation under scenarios A2 and A1B for CGCM3 model have been noticed for future periods: 2020’s, 2050’s and 2080’s. Decrease, in precipitation has been found under A2 and B2 scenarios of HadCM3 model for 2050’s and slight increase for 2080’s periods. Based on the analysis of results, CGCM3 model has been found better for simulation of precipitation in comparison to HadCM3 model.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 9(1) 2015, p.1-14

Abstract Deactivation of three co-substituted acceptors in 4-dimethylamino-trans-styrenes (P(S)Ph2 (la), P(0)Ph2 (2a) and SO2CH3 (3a)), dissolved in «-paraffins (from n = 5 to n = 16) at 293 K, was investigated. Trans-cis isomerization and intersystem crossing are the main processes responsible for radiationless deactivation of the S1 excited state. High fluorescence anisotropy, r, observed in low-viscous «-paraffins, is due to strong fluorescence quenching resulting in the considerable shortening of the lifetime τ of these molecules. The fluorescence depolarization which occurs when lowering the viscosity, η, of the solution is caused by Brownian rotations and conformational changes due to fast adiabatic twisting of the planar trans-S1 form around the double bond, leading to the formation of the perp.-S1 structure with perpendicularly oriented parts of the molecule, and to the concomitant change in the transition moment direction. Linear dependence of τ2{r0/r - 1) on η - τ in the whole viscosity range was only observed for molecule 3a

In this study, the dehydration behavior of zucchini using solar assisted drying system was examined according to 22 thin layer drying models available in literature. The correlation coefficient (R2), chi-square (χ2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were calculated to check the suitability of models by non-linear regression analysis. It was found that Cubic and Modified Midilli-1 models were the most suitable equations and their R2 values were calculated as 0.99963. χ2 and RMSE values of related mathematical expressions were 1.89343×10‒5, 1.91692×10‒5 and 0.01685×10‒3, 0.01721×10‒3 respectively. In addition, heat transfer, mass transfer and diffusion coefficients, which were important parameters in design of drying systems were also determined as 5.18124 W/m2°C, 1.57129×10‒7 m/s and 2.335718×10‒9 m2/s respectively.

Due to a lack of geotechnical and geothermal studies on Jordanian limestone, this paper aims to provide the thermal properties, including thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat, using the Hot Disk Transient Plane Source (TPS) 2200 method. It also aims to provide a set of mathematical models through which the thermal properties can be indirectly predicted from the rocks’ physical and engineering properties. One hundred cylindrical rock specimens with a height of 20 cm and a diameter of 10 cm were extracted and prepared. The results showed that the thermal conductivity values ranged between (1.931–3.468) (W/(m*k)), thermal diffusivity (1.032–1.81) (mm2/s), and specific heat (1.57–2.563) ((MJ)/(m3*K)). The results also suggest a direct relationship between conductivity and diffusivity and an inverse relationship between conductivity and specific heat. On the other hand, the results indicate the direct relationship between the conductivity and diffusivity, and the inverse relationship between the specific heat and density, hardness, sound velocity, and rock strength; the opposite happens when the rock’s porosity is considered. Simple regression, multivariate regression, and the backpropagation–artificial neural network (BP–ANN) approach were utilized to predict the thermal properties of limestone. Results indicated that the ANN model provided superior prediction performance compared to other models.

Summary Analytical methods are presented to determine pressure-transient and productivity data for deviated wells in layered reservoirs. The computational methods, which are based on Laplace transforms, can be used to generate types curves for use in direct analyses of pressure-transient data and to determine the effective skin of such wells for use in productivity computations. Introduction Deviated wells with full or limited flow entry are very common, especially in offshore developments. The pressure-transient behavior of fully penetrating deviated wells were investigated by Cinco et al.1 for homogeneous reservoirs. Reference 1 also contains a correlation for the pseudoradial skin factor for wells with deviation up to 75°, with modification indicated for anisotropic reservoirs. To investigate the behavior of deviated wells in layered reservoirs, the model from Ref. 1 can be used as a first approximation, modified to limited flow entry if necessary, but it has been difficult to use more exact models. It is possible, though, to generalize the methods used by Larsen2,3 for vertical wells to also cover deviated wells in layered reservoirs with and without crossflow. For reservoirs without crossflow away from the wellbore, i.e., commingled reservoirs, it is well known how Laplace transforms can be used to handle any model with known solution for individual layers. Deviated wells fall into this category. It is therefore enough to consider systems with crossflow. By including deviated wells with limited flow entry, horizontal wells will also be covered as a special subcategory. Analytical models of this type for horizontal wells have been considered by several authors, e.g., by Suzuki and Nanba4 and by Kuchuk and Habashy.5 Reference 4 is based on both numerical methods and analytical methods based on double transforms (Fourier and Laplace). Reference 5 is based on Green's function techniques. Mathematical Approach To accurately describe flow near deviated wells, and also to capture crossflow in layered reservoirs, three-dimensional flow equations are needed within each layer. If the horizontal permeability is independent of direction within each layer, flow within layer j can be described by the equation k j ( ∂ 2 ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 ∂ y 2 ) p j + k j ′ ∂ 2 p j ∂ z 2 = μ ϕ j c t j ∂ p j ∂ t ( 1 ) under normal assumptions, where kj and kj′ denote horizontal and vertical permeability, and the other indexed variables have the standard meaning for each layer. Since an approach similar to that used in Refs. 2 and 3 will be followed, the vertical variation of pressure within each layer must be removed, at least temporarily. One way to accomplish this is to introduce the vertical average P j ( x , y , t ) = 1 h j ∫ z j − 1 z j p j ( x , y , z , t ) d z ( 2 ) of the pressure within layer j, where zj−1 and zj=zj−1+hj are the z coordinates of the lower and upper layer boundaries. There is one apparent problem with the approach above, it cannot handle the boundary condition at the wellbore directly. For each perforated layer, the well segment will therefore be replaced by a uniform flux fracture in the primary solution scheme, as illustrated in Fig. 1 for a fully perforated deviated well and in Fig. 2 for a partially perforated well with variable angle, with a transient skin effect used to correct from a fractured well solution to a deviated well solution. With well angle θj (as deviation from the vertical) and completed well length Lwj in layer j, the associated fracture half-length will be given by the identity x f j = 1 2 L w j s i n θ j ( 3 ) for each j. The completed well length Lwj is assumed to be a single fully perforated interval. The fracture half-length in layers with vertical well segments will be set equal to the wellbore radius rw. To capture deviated wells with more than one interval within a layer, the model can be subdivided by introducing additional layers. Although the well deviation is allowed to vary through the reservoir, the well azimuth will be assumed constant. The projection of the well in the horizontal plane can therefore be assumed to follow the x axis, and hence assume that y=0 along the well. Keeping the well path in a single plane is actually not necessary, but it simplifies the mathematical development and the computational complexity. If Eq. (1) is integrated from zj−1 to as shown in Eq. (2), then the flow equation k j h j ( ∂ 2 ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 ∂ y 2 ) P j + k j ′ ∂ p j ∂ z | z j − k j ′ ∂ p j ∂ z | z j − 1 = μ ϕ j c t j h j ∂ P j ∂ t ( 4 ) is obtained, with the gradient terms representing flux through the upper and lower boundaries of layer j. In the standard multiple-permeability modeling of layered reservoirs, the gradient terms are replaced by difference terms in the form k j ′ ∂ p j ∂ z | z j = k j + 1 ′ ∂ p j + 1 ∂ z | z j = λ j ′ ( P j + 1 − P j ) ( 5 ) for each j, where λj′ is a constant determined from reservoir parameters or adjusted to fit the well response. For details on how to choose crossflow parameters, see Refs. 2 and 3 and additional references cited in those papers. Additional fracture to well drawdown is assumed not to affect this approach.

Abstract The orientation relationship (OR) between fcc and bcc lattices are described by crystallographic fundamentals using the example of Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) and Nishiyama–Wassermann (N–W). Complete pole figures containing all variants will be used to distinguish even between slightly different ORs. EBSD on iron meteorites and duplex steel has been used to analyse a large number of crystal orientations with regard to a high statistical significance and a high probability to capture all variants in a single measurement. It is shown that the use of fixed OR models like K–S, N–W, Bain, Pitsch, or Greninger–Troiano does not satisfacturally reflect the observed experimental pole distributions. It is not convenient to use high-indexed lattice planes and directions to describe the small deviations from the given models. The Euler subspace representation offers a readily comprehensible tool to get an idea about the characteristic of the experimentally detected OR.

The evaluation of leaf area provides valuable information for decision-making for the cassava yield trail. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the relationship between the leaf area and yield of the segregating populations and (2) to investigate the suitable mathematical model for calculating cassava leaf area. The single-row trial for 60 segregating progenies of Kasetsart 50 × CMR38–125–77 was conducted from 2021 to 2022. The trial for eighteen progenies and the Kasetsart 50 and CMR38–125–77 was carried out in 2022. The sampled leaves for each genotype were collected to measure the leaf area. The length (L) and width of the central lobe (W), number of lobes (N), the product of the length and width (L × W; K), and the product of the length and number of lobes (L × N; J) were recorded for developing the mathematical models. The result showed that there were statistically significant correlations between the maximum individual leaf area and the total crop fresh weight and storage root fresh weight. The mathematical model LA = −3.39L + 2.04K + 1.01J − 15.10 is appropriate to estimate the maximum individual leaf area and leaf area index (LAI). This mathematical model also provided the estimated individual maximum leaf area that had the highest correlation with actual biomass at the final harvest as compared to the other three functions. The results showed statistical significance for the estimated LAI and biomass correlation.

For the distribution prediction of fatigue life and residual strength of fiber reinforced polymer composites, the existing models have the disadvantages of imprecision, instability and single applicability. A novel S–N curve model and a residual strength degradation model were first developed, which are independent and uncorrelated. After verifying their reliability, the statistical distribution models of fatigue life and residual strength were further derived and verified by using experimental data from literature. Compared with the other models, the proposed models can perfectly predict the probability distribution of fatigue life and residual strength under different materials, stacking sequences and stress levels, showing excellent prediction accuracy, stability and applicability.

In this research, a novel polysaccharide-based bionanocomposite film was prepared via dispersion casting method. Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2-N) was incorporated into soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) at different concentrations (i.e., 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% w/w dried SSPS). Mechanical (tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus), physical (moisture content, water solubility, and moisture uptake), and barrier properties of bionanocomposite films were evaluated. Incorporation of 5% SiO2-N to SSPS matrix decreased water vapor permeability (WVP) from 7.96×10−11 to 4.75×10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 and oxygen permeability from 215 to 96 cm3 µm m−2 day−1 atm−1. Heat seal strength and mechanical properties of SSPS films were improved. Moisture sorption isotherm of SSPS films supported by SiO2-N was shifted to lower moisture content, and monolayer moisture content of the films decreased significantly (p<0.05). In summary, SiO2-N is a potential filler in SSPS-based films for packaging materials.

Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) wind profilers have proven their capability to measure vertical wind profiles with an accuracy comparable to anemometers and radiosondes. However, most of these comparisons were performed over short time periods or at mid-latitudes. This study presents a multi-year assessment of the accuracy of Doppler lidar wind-profile measurements in the Arctic by comparing them with coincident radiosonde observations, and excellent agreement was observed. The suitability of the Doppler lidar for verification case studies of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models during the World Meteorological Organization’s Year of Polar Prediction is also demonstrated, by using Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) global environmental multiscale model (GEM-2.5 km and GEM-10 km). Since 2016, identical scanning Doppler lidars were deployed at two supersites commissioned by ECCC as part of the Canadian Arctic Weather Science project. The supersites are located in Iqaluit (64°N, 69°W) and Whitehorse (61°N, 135°W) with a third Halo Doppler lidar located in Squamish (50°N, 123°W). Two lidar wind-profile measurement methodologies were investigated; the velocity-azimuth display method exhibited a smaller average bias (−0.27 ± 0.02 m/s) than the Doppler beam-swinging method (–0.46 ± 0.02 m/s) compared to the sonde. Comparisons to ECCC’s NWP models indicate good agreement, more so during the summer months, with an average bias < 0.71 m/s for the higher-resolution (GEM-2.5 km) ECCC models at Iqaluit. Larger biases were found in the mountainous terrain of Whitehorse and Squamish, likely due to difficulties in the model’s ability to resolve the topography. This provides evidence in favor of using high temporal resolution lidar wind-profile measurements to complement radiosonde observations and for NWP model verification and process studies.

All the possible parallelism conditions associated with low-index crystallographic planes and directions in face- and body-centred cubic crystals are enumerated in terms of their minimum angle–axis misorientations. These include the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K-S), Nishiyama–Wassermann (N-W) and Pitsch orientation relationships, which are expressed in terms of close-packed (and near-close-packed) planes, close-packed directions, or both in the two crystal systems. By classifying these into either coplanar or codirectional relationships, it is possible to specify intermediate relations with either high-index directions or planes. In such a way, the Greninger–Troiano (G-T) relationship is approximated as a coplanar relation lying between the K-S and N-W relations. Based on geometric symmetry, a further correspondence relationship, which falls into the codirectional category and is located between the K-S and Pitsch relations, is represented both in pole-figure form and in Rodrigues–Frank space. It is referred to here as the inverse G-T, or G-T′. Experimental evidence from the plessite regions of the Gibeon meteorite is presented to support the validity of this relationship. It is shown that, in plessite, all the well known models, as well as their intermediates, are applicable to the γ-to-α transformation. By contrast, in the Widmanstätten portions, the misorientations are largely limited to the K-S, G-T and N-W relations.

The RCBD is the most robust design for field experimentations in coconut. In this study the effect of neighboring palms to control local variation in field experiments of coconut was evaluated using two long-term coconut trials. Four types of spatial models are suggested to consider the spatial effect due to neighboring palms and the use of such models is illustrated using two long-term field experiments. When data were analyzed separately by years or using repeated measures analysis, significant percentage reduction of CV was observed in all four spatial models relative to the RCBD model without covariates as well as pre-treat data as covariate irrespective of the experiment. Inclusion of the mean of two neighbouring palms in N-S or E-W direction as a covariate was clearly superior to the RCBD without covariate as well as pre-data as covariate when data were analyzed separately by years. Inclusion of the mean of four neighbouring palms in N-S and E-W direction as a covariate was superior to repeated measures analysis in reducing local variation, irrespective of experiments. It is recommended to include effect due to neighbouring palms when analyzing field experiments in coconut. The methodology can be applied to other tree crop experiments as well.

Contrary to recent conceptual models, we evidence that the Mauléon Basin does not only result from the Pyrenean tectonic inversion of an aborted Albian rift involving a N-S extreme crust thinning, with related detachment and mantle exhumation. It actually corresponds to an element of this rift system where E-W dominant regional sinistral strike slip faulting between its European and Iberian margins generated as early as the Latest Aptian (Clansayesian) an oblique pull apart-type basin: the Tardets-Sorholus Trough. Then, towards the Late to Latest Albian period, the active transverse, SW-NE oriented, Barlanès and Saison listric faults provided the main crustal thinning leading locally (Urdach) to mantle exhumation. Finally, at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous, the trough widened through transtension motion (N-S distension associated with E-W sinistral strike slip) leading to the creation of the Mauléon Basin. This geodynamic evolution gives to the Mauléon Basin its logical place between the western Bilbao Basin where oceanic crust developed through dominant N-S extension process and the central and eastern north Pyrenean basins where dominant E-W left lateral strike slip then transpressive motion preclude mantle denudation. From the Late to Latest Cretaceous, the inverted motion turning to generalized regional transpression led to the closure of the trough, then, by gradual uplift from east to west, to the formation of the Pyrenean range.

To investigate the drying characteristics and mechanism during electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying with ultrasonic pretreatment, the ultrasonic pretreatment-assisted EHD drying method at different power values was used to carry out the drying experiment of potatoes. To carry out this study, potato slices were pretreated with different ultrasonic power values (150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 W) or without ultrasound for 30 min at 30°C. The corresponding voltage was 18 kV during EHD drying. The moisture ratio, drying rate, color, shrinkage, and rehydration rate of potatoes were determined. The microstructure of potatoes was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eight mathematical models were used to fit the drying of potatoes. Results showed that, compared with the control group, the ultrasonic pretreatment combined with the EHD drying group had improved the drying rate of potato slices, which was different at varying ultrasonic power values. Ultrasonic pretreatment had a remarkable effect on the color of the potato but had little effect on the shrinkage rate. The maximum rehydration rate is 5.7704 at 180 W. The minimum and maximum values of effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) were 3.4070 × 10−7 m2/s and 4.1160 × 10−7 m2/s, respectively. The effect of ultrasonic power pretreatment on the microstructure of potato in the EHD drying process was significant ( p > 0.05 ). According to the statistical parameter evaluation, eight mathematical models could satisfactorily describe drying curves of potato slices dried under EHD with ultrasonic pretreatment, and the logarithmic model was best suited. This work provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance to further understand the parameter characteristics and mechanism of ultrasonic pretreatment combined with the EHD drying technology.