Journal articles on the topic 'And micronutrients'
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1
Thapa, Sushil, Ammar Bhandari, Rajan Ghimire, Qingwu Xue, Fanson Kidwaro, Shirin Ghatrehsamani, Bijesh Maharjan, and Mark Goodwin. "Managing Micronutrients for Improving Soil Fertility, Health, and Soybean Yield." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 11766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111766.
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Plants need only a small quantity of micronutrients, but they are essential for vital cell functions. Critical micronutrients for plant growth and development include iron (Fe), boron (B), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl), and nickel (Ni). The deficiency of one or more micronutrients can greatly affect plant production and quality. To explore the potential for using micronutrients, we reviewed the literature evaluating the effect of micronutrients on soybean production in the U.S. Midwest and beyond. Soil and foliar applications were the major micronutrient application methods. Overall, studies indicated the positive yield response of soybean to micronutrients. However, soybean yield response to micronutrients was not consistent among studies, mainly because of different environmental conditions such as soil type, soil organic matter (SOM), moisture, and temperature. Despite this inconsistency, there has been increased pressure for growers to apply micronutrients to soybeans due to a fact that deficiencies have increased with the increased use of high-yielding cultivars. Further studies on quantification and variable rate application of micronutrients under different soil and environmental conditions are warranted to acquire more knowledge and improve the micronutrient management strategies in soybean. Since the SOM could meet the micronutrient need of many crops, management strategies that increase SOM should be encouraged to ensure nutrient availability and improve soil fertility and health for sustainable soybean production.
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Woodside, Jayne V., Damian McCall, Claire McGartland, and Ian S. Young. "Micronutrients: dietary intake v. supplement use." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64, no. 4 (November 2005): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005464.
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Whilst clinical deficiency of micronutrients is uncommon in the developed world, a suboptimal intake of certain micronutrients has been linked with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as CVD and cancer. Attention has therefore focused on increasing micronutrient status in order to theoretically reduce chronic disease risk. Increasing micronutrient status can involve a number of approaches: increasing dietary intake of micronutrient-rich foods; food fortification; use of supplements. Observational cohort studies have demonstrated an association between high intakes of micronutrients such as vitamin E, vitamin C, folic acid and β-carotene, and lower risk of CHD, stroke and cancer at various sites. However, randomised intervention trials of micronutrient supplements have, to date, largely failed to show an improvement in clinical end points. The discordance between data from cohort studies and the results so far available from clinical trials remains to be explained. One reason may be that the complex mixture of micronutrients found, for example, in a diet high in fruit and vegetables may be more effective than large doses of a small number of micronutrients, and therefore that intervention studies that use single micronutrient supplements are unlikely to produce a lowering of disease risk. Studies concentrating on whole foods (e.g. fruit and vegetables) or diet pattern (e.g. Mediterranean diet pattern) may be more effective in demonstrating an effect on clinical end points. The present review will consider the clinical trial evidence for a beneficial effect of micronutrient supplements on health, and review the alternative approaches to the study of dietary intake of micronutrients.
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Gombart, Adrian F., Adeline Pierre, and Silvia Maggini. "A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236.
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Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
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Venugopal, N. V. S., and G. N. V. Mohana Rao. "A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of new Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (N-P-K) Fertilizer Fortified with Tri-micronutrient Matrix and its application for Optimal Plant Augmentation." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 1452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370626.
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At present in agricultural techniques engaged the optimal nutrient supply is very imperative factor for elevated crop yield and all essential plant macro and micronutrients. Micronutrients play vital role in photosynthesis. For balanced crop nutrition micronutrient support is essential. Micronutrient fertilizer required in small quantities by plants and occupy vital role in physiology of plant kingdom. Proven fact is decisive plant functions are over involved if enough micronutrients are engaged. In this paper the author developed a new N-P-K fertilizer fortified with tri -micronutrient matrix and its application for optimal Plant growth. The author developed and analyzed hundred percent water soluble active fertilizer(15-15-15) with three important micronutrients (-3.4 0.5%Zn, 0.5%Fe, 0.5% Mg). Pot experiments were conducted with and without proposed fertilizer on Solanum lycopersicum(tomato) seeds. The proposed enhanced efficiency fertilizer with tri micronutrient matrix showed better plant growth as compared to normal untreated fertilizer in low nutrient soil field.
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Barclay, Denis. "Multiple Fortification of Beverages." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, no. 2 (January 1998): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900213.
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Diet-related micronutrient deficiencies rarely occur in isolation; deficiencies of iodine and vitamin A or of iron and vitamin A or zinc are often observed in the same populations. In addition, widespread deficiencies of some micronutrients, for example, zinc and calcium, may often go undiagnosed because of the absence of specific and sensitive status indicators. Multiple micronutrient supplementation can be more effective in improving nutritional status than supplementation with single key micronutrients; therefore, the multiple fortification of appropriate food vectors, including beverages, is of interest from the nutritional standpoint. Beverages fortified with multiple micronutrients include dairy products, chocolate beverages, fruit juices, and soya-based drinks. As well as the documented or estimated micronutrient deficiencies and the requirements of the target population or consumer group, the conception of such a multiply fortified beverage must take into account a number of other important factors. The choice of the chemical form of the fortification micronutrients should be made with consideration of bioavailability, the effects on the organoleptic characteristics of the particular beverage, and cost. The initial calculation of the composition of the micronutrient premix should include the levels of micronutrients in the raw materials used and the estimated losses of specific micronutrients during processing and storage. Preliminary production and storage trials are then needed to determine the actual losses. The composition of the micronutrient premix may then be finalized. Interactions, both positive and negative, between fortification micronutrients may also need to be considered. For example, the bioavailability of iron may be enhanced by the addition of vitamin C, whereas mineral–vitamin and vitamin–vitamin interactions can accelerate the destruction of some vitamins. To render quality control procedures simple and cost-effective, only a limited number of fortification micronutrients, which are especially sensitive to losses and which are easy to measure, may be analysed. Simple, inexpensive, and rigorous analytical methods for such measurements are now available.
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Denton-Thompson, Sarah M., and Emma J. Sayer. "Micronutrients in Food Production: What Can We Learn from Natural Ecosystems?" Soil Systems 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010008.
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Soil micronutrients limit crop productivity in many regions worldwide, and micronutrient deficiencies affect over two billion people globally. Microbial biofertilizers could combat these issues by inoculating arable soils with microorganisms that mobilize micronutrients, increasing their availability to crop plants in an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective manner. However, the widespread application of biofertilizers is limited by complex micronutrient–microbe–plant interactions, which reduce their effectiveness under field conditions. Here, we review the current state of seven micronutrients in food production. We examine the mechanisms underpinning microbial micronutrient mobilization in natural ecosystems and synthesize the state-of-knowledge to improve our overall understanding of biofertilizers in food crop production. We demonstrate that, although soil micronutrient concentrations are strongly influenced by soil conditions, land management practices can also substantially affect micronutrient availability and uptake by plants. The effectiveness of biofertilizers varies, but several lines of evidence indicate substantial benefits in co-applying biofertilizers with conventional inorganic or organic fertilizers. Studies of micronutrient cycling in natural ecosystems provide examples of microbial taxa capable of mobilizing multiple micronutrients whilst withstanding harsh environmental conditions. Research into the mechanisms of microbial nutrient mobilization in natural ecosystems could, therefore, yield effective biofertilizers to improve crop nutrition under global changes.
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Noguera, Jose C., Neil B. Metcalfe, Winnie Boner, and Pat Monaghan. "Sex-dependent effects of nutrition on telomere dynamics in zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata )." Biology Letters 11, no. 2 (February 2015): 20140938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0938.
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At a cellular level, oxidative stress is known to increase telomere attrition, and hence cellular senescence and risk of disease. It has been proposed that dietary micronutrients play an important role in telomere protection due to their antioxidant properties. We experimentally manipulated dietary micronutrients during early life in zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ). We found no effects of micronutrient intake on telomere loss during chick growth. However, females given a diet high in micronutrients during sexual maturation showed reduced telomere loss; there was no such effect in males. These results suggest that micronutrients may influence rates of cellular senescence, but differences in micronutrient requirement and allocation strategies, probably linked to the development of sexual coloration, may underlie sex differences in response.
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Klatt, Kevin C., Emily R. Smith, and Matthew D. Barberio. "Toward a more stable understanding of pregnancy micronutrient metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 321, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): E260—E263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00156.2021.
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There is an urgent need to better understand the micronutrient demands of pregnancy due to the complex physiological adaptations during the gestational period and the importance of micronutrients in maternal-fetal health. Rigorous studies of micronutrients in pregnancy are significantly lacking due to a number of issues including the exclusion of pregnant people in research, methodological barriers to studying micronutrients, and the multidisciplinary expertise required for such studies. Stable isotopes present a unique methodological opportunity to quantify pregnancy-related changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of micronutrients. We demonstrate here through a rapid review of the published literature that this approach is dramatically underutilized outside of calcium. In this perspective, we discuss the use of stable isotopes to study micronutrient physiology and our experiences in addressing the need for more studies in this area. Finally, we discuss how we might overcome major barriers to move toward a better understanding of micronutrient physiology in pregnancy.
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Hernández, Eovaldo. "1031 EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL HUMIC ACIDS ON MICRONUTRIENT UPTAKE BY VEGETABLES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 576b—576. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.576b.
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Most of the studies on the effect of humic acids on micronutrient uptake by plants has been carried out in nutrient solutions. Commercial companies have tried, without adequate experimental support, to extend the conclusions of these studies to the production of vegetables in agricultural soils. The effect of humic acids on micronutrient uptake by plants has been attributed' to (a) the improved supply of micronutrients to the soil solution caused by a higher rate of release from soil minerals (probably via chelate formation by humic acids) and (b) the improved uptake of micronutrients as consequence of the larger root system promoted by hormonal compounds in the humic acids. In soils with limiting concentration of micronutrients (such as some calcareous soils) and low content of organic matter, chelation of micronutrients by added commercial humic acids might increase their availability to plants. However, in agricultural soils with and adequate content of organic matter, no significant effect of commercial humic acids on micronutrient uptake by plants can be detected.
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Ji, Xiaopeng, Michael A. Grandner, and Jianghong Liu. "The relationship between micronutrient status and sleep patterns: a systematic review." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 4 (October 5, 2016): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002603.
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AbstractObjectiveTo review articles on the relationship of dietary and circulating micronutrients with sleep patterns, and to identify issues surrounding implications for future research and public health practice.DesignA systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched through January 2016.SettingBoth experimental and observational studies were included. However, studies that focused on secondary sleep impairment due to comorbidities were excluded.SubjectsIndividuals in different age groups, from infants to older adults.ResultsA total of twenty-six articles were selected. In the articles reviewed, researchers generally supported a potential role of micronutrients, particularly Fe and Mg, in the development of sleep stages among infants and in reversing age-related alterations in sleep architecture in older adults. Micronutrient status has also been linked to sleep duration, with sleep duration positively associated with Fe, Zn and Mg levels, and negatively associated with Cu, K and vitamin B12 levels. The mechanisms underlying these relationships include the impact of micronutrients on excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and the expression of circadian genes.ConclusionsAlthough the number of studies on the relationship between micronutrient status and sleep remains low, evidence has emerged that suggests a link between dietary/circulating micronutrients and sleep. Future research is needed to investigate the dose-dependent as well as the longitudinal relationships between micronutrient levels and human sleep across populations, test the interactions among micronutrients on sleep outcomes, and ultimately examine the clinical relevance of micronutrients on sleep health.
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Taljaard, Christine, Namukolo M. Covic, Averalda E. van Graan, Herculina S. Kruger, Cornelius M. Smuts, Jeannine Baumgartner, Jane D. Kvalsvig, Hattie H. Wright, Martha E. van Stuijvenberg, and Johann C. Jerling. "Effects of a multi-micronutrient-fortified beverage, with and without sugar, on growth and cognition in South African schoolchildren: a randomised, double-blind, controlled intervention." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 12 (July 4, 2013): 2271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451300189x.
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Little is known about the effects of combined micronutrient and sugar consumption on growth and cognition. In the present study, we investigated the effects of micronutrients and sugar, alone and in combination, in a beverage on growth and cognition in schoolchildren. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, children (n 414, 6–11 years) were randomly allocated to consume beverages containing (1) micronutrients with sugar, (2) micronutrients with a non-nutritive sweetener, (3) no micronutrients with sugar or (4) no micronutrients with a non-nutritive sweetener for 8·5 months. Growth was assessed and cognition was tested using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children version II (KABC-II) subtests and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). Micronutrients decreased the OR for Fe deficiency at the endpoint (OR 0·19; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·53). Micronutrients increased KABC Atlantis (intervention effect: 0·76; 95 % CI 0·10, 1·42) and HVLT Discrimination Index (1·00; 95 % CI 0·01, 2·00) scores. Sugar increased KABC Atlantis (0·71; 95 % CI 0·05, 1·37) and Rover (0·72; 95 % CI 0·08, 1·35) scores and HVLT Recall 3 (0·94; 95 % CI 0·15, 1·72). Significant micronutrient × sugar interaction effects on the Atlantis, Number recall, Rover and Discrimination Index scores indicated that micronutrients and sugar in combination attenuated the beneficial effects of micronutrients or sugar alone. Micronutrients or sugar alone had a lowering effect on weight-for-age z-scores relative to controls (micronutrients − 0·08; 95 % CI − 0·15, − 0·01; sugar − 0·07; 95 % CI − 0·14, − 0·002), but in combination, this effect was attenuated. The beverages with micronutrients or added sugar alone had a beneficial effect on cognition, which was attenuated when provided in combination.
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Brennan, R. F., B. Penrose, and R. W. Bell. "Micronutrients limiting pasture production in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19087.
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Low levels of plant-available micronutrients were an inherent feature of many agricultural soils in Australia, mostly due to the prevalence of highly weathered soil parent materials. The diagnosis and correction of the widespread deficiencies of micronutrients, especially copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), were prerequisites for the development of productive, legume-based pastures in southern Australia. In subtropical and tropical regions, Mo deficiency commonly limited pasture-legume production. Soil treatments involving micronutrient fertiliser incorporated in soils, or applied as additives to superphosphate, were generally effective in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies. In the low-output dryland pasture systems, the annual removal of micronutrients in wool and meat is small compared with rates added in fertiliser. Hence, in general, the residues of soil-applied micronutrient fertilisers remain effective for many years, for example, up to 30 years for Cu. By contrast, shorter residual values occur for manganese (Mn) fertiliser on highly calcareous soils, and for Zn in high-output pasture systems such as intensive dairy production. In the last two decades since the recommendations for micronutrient management of pastures were developed, there have been many changes to farming systems, with likely implications for micronutrient status in pastures. First, increased cropping intensity and low prices for wool and meat have meant lower nutrient inputs to pastures or to the pasture phase of rotations with crops. However, when pastures have been rotated with crops, ongoing small additions of Cu, Zn and Mo have been common. In cropping phases of farming systems, lime application and no-till may have altered the chemical and positional availability of micronutrients in soils to pastures. However, there has been little study of the impacts of these farming-systems changes on micronutrient status of pastures or profitability of the production system. The intensification of dairy production systems may also have altered the demand for, and removal rates of, micronutrients. Soil tests are not very reliable for Mn or Mo deficiencies, and well-calibrated soil tests for boron, Cu and Zn have been developed only for limited areas of pasture production and for a limited range of species. There is limited use of plant tests for nutrient management of pastures. In conclusion, there is limited knowledge of the current micronutrient status of pastures and their effects on animal health. Pasture production would benefit from targeted investigation of micronutrients status of pasture soils, pasture plants and micronutrient-linked animal-health issues.
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McCain, J. Scott P., Alessandro Tagliabue, Edward Susko, Eric P. Achterberg, Andrew E. Allen, and Erin M. Bertrand. "Cellular costs underpin micronutrient limitation in phytoplankton." Science Advances 7, no. 32 (August 2021): eabg6501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg6501.
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Micronutrients control phytoplankton growth in the ocean, influencing carbon export and fisheries. It is currently unclear how micronutrient scarcity affects cellular processes and how interdependence across micronutrients arises. We show that proximate causes of micronutrient growth limitation and interdependence are governed by cumulative cellular costs of acquiring and using micronutrients. Using a mechanistic proteomic allocation model of a polar diatom focused on iron and manganese, we demonstrate how cellular processes fundamentally underpin micronutrient limitation, and how they interact and compensate for each other to shape cellular elemental stoichiometry and resource interdependence. We coupled our model with metaproteomic and environmental data, yielding an approach for estimating biogeochemical metrics, including taxon-specific growth rates. Our results show that cumulative cellular costs govern how environmental conditions modify phytoplankton growth.
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Lee, Chiwon W., Chun-Ho Pak, and Jong-Myung Choi. "CORRELATION BETWEEN NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION AND TISSUE CONTENT OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN GERANIUM, MARIGOLD, AND PETUNIA." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 582c—582. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.582c.
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Correlations between the nutrient solution concentration and tissue content of micronutrients were determined for geranium, marigold and petunia. When nutrient solution contained 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mM of boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), the tissue content of each microelement increased linearly with increasing levels of the same micronutrient in the fertilizer. Equations for these correlations were established for the six micronutrients used for each species. Increasing levels of micronutrients did not influence tissue macroelement contents. Increasing levels of one micronutrient had little influence on the accumulation of other micronutrients in the tissue. Plant toxicity symptoms developed when the leaf content of microelements increased to a level 5-10 times that of plants grown with the control (Hoagland) solution.
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Reihana, Phillipa K., Neville M. Blampied, and Julia J. Rucklidge. "Novel Mineral–Vitamin Treatment for Reduction in Cigarette Smoking: A Fully Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 11 (August 23, 2018): 1496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty168.
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Abstract Introduction Many smokers do not achieve abstinence using current smoking cessation options. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated a novel nutritional supplement to assist with quitting smoking. Methods Following a baseline phase where cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence were measured, participants (n = 107) were randomized to placebo (n = 50) or micronutrient conditions (n = 57). A 4-week pre-quit phase permitted titration up to 12 capsules/day. During the quit phase (12 weeks), participants were registered with a public Quitline while consuming micronutrients or placebo. Carbon monoxide levels were measured to confirm smoking cessation. Results Forty-five (42%) participants completed the trial. Treatment and placebo groups did not differ on the primary outcome of continuous abstinence at 12 weeks using intention-to-treat analysis; however, 28% of the micronutrient-treated group had quit versus 18% for placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 4.48), with number needed to treat = 10. Comparison of cigarette consumption (cigarettes per day) between micronutrient and placebo groups showed that those taking micronutrients reported reduced consumption throughout the trial, notably at pre-quit weeks 1 and 4, and at quit phase week 4. There were no serious adverse events, blinding was successful, and there were no substantive group differences in side effects or dropout rate. Conclusion This is the first RCT investigating the impact of micronutrients on smoking reduction, finding that micronutrients reduced harm through reduction in number of cigarettes smoked relative to placebo. The small sample and high dropout rate limit confidence in the conclusions and generalizability of the study; however, assessed by number needed to treat, micronutrients are comparable to other smoking cessation treatments but with fewer side effects. Future research using larger and longer trials including cost-effectiveness and biomarker measures is encouraged. Implications Micronutrients are being increasingly studied for the treatment of psychiatric conditions, but direct application of micronutrients as a treatment for addictions is novel. There is extensive evidence that micronutrients alleviate stress. Given that tobacco smoking is often used to cope with stress, taking micronutrients may moderate the stress of withdrawal and increase the chance of a successful quit attempt. This study is the first known RCT to investigate the use of micronutrients to support smoking cessation. Treatments that are safe, effective, relatively inexpensive, and readily available are needed and micronutrient supplements offer one such possible alternative.
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Sadanandan, Bindu. "The hidden hunger and strategies for its alleviation – A review." Journal of Nutrition Research 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55289/jnutres/v2i1.4.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are aptly called as hidden hunger as they do not cause any immediate disorder symptoms but do cause serious health issues eventually. The situation of malnourishment is grim as it involves significant numbers of people especially women and children from various parts of the world. Micronutrient deficiency is usually due to the lack of a balanced diet and awareness on nutritional requirements. Another lesser known culprit is natural antinutritional factors present in plant based foods which reduce the bioavailablility of micronutrients causing deficiencies. This problem can easily be overcome by countermeasures like food fortification with micronutrients or by adopting suitable food processing methods like soaking, steeping, germination, cooking or fermentation. Biotechnology can also come handy here in the form of developing food crops with reduced antinutritional factors thereby enhancing micronutrient availability. Thus developing well researched & tailored micronutrient malnutrition management strategies & their effective implementation is a need of the hour. Key words: Micronutrients, Antinutritional factors, Hidden hunger, Malnutrition, Micronutrient malnutrition
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Sherlock, Laura G., and Nancy F. Krebs. "Small and Mighty: Micronutrients at the Intersection of Neonatal Immunity and Infection." NeoReviews 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): e158-e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.24-3-e158.
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Micronutrients are essential dietary components that regulate many biologic functions, including the immune response, and are required in small amounts (typically milligrams or less) in humans. Examples of micronutrients known to affect immune function include several trace minerals (such as zinc and selenium) as well as vitamins (including vitamins A and D). Deficiencies of specific micronutrients are associated with an increased risk of infection in infants in the NICU. Identifying micronutrient supplementation strategies during this period may result in low-cost interventions to reduce the burden of neonatal infectious disease. Many replacement trials thus far demonstrate conflicting results about whether micronutrient supplementation decreases the incidence or severity of sepsis in the neonatal period. The baseline incidence of micronutrient deficiency is important to consider but is often unknown as clinical assessment of micronutrient status occurs infrequently. Future research is needed to clarify the clinical scenarios in which optimizing micronutrient status in term and preterm infants may prevent infection or improve outcomes in those patients who become infected.
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Gera, Tarun, Harsh Pal Singh Sachdev, and Penelope Nestel. "Effect of combining multiple micronutrients with iron supplementation on Hb response in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 6 (June 2009): 756–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003145.
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AbstractObjectivesTo study the effect of combining multiple (two or more) micronutrients with Fe supplementation on Hb response, when compared with placebo and with Fe supplementation, in children.Data sourcesElectronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, and abstracts and proceedings of international conferences.Review methodsRandomized controlled trials evaluating change in Hb levels with interventions that included Fe and multiple-micronutrient supplementation in comparison to placebo alone or Fe alone were analysed in two systematic reviews.ResultsTwenty-five trials were included in the review comparing Fe and micronutrient supplementation with placebo. The pooled estimate (random effects model) for change in Hb with Fe and micronutrient supplementation (weighted mean difference) was 0·65 g/dl (95 % CI 0·50, 0·80, P < 0·001). Lower baseline Hb, lower height-for-age Z score, non-intake of ‘other micronutrients’ and malarial non-hyperendemic region were significant predictors of greater Hb response and heterogeneity. Thirteen trials were included in the review comparing Fe and micronutrient supplementation with Fe alone. The pooled estimate for change in Hb with Fe and micronutrient supplementation (weighted mean difference) was 0·14 g/dl (95 % CI 0·00, 0·28, P = 0·04). None of the variables were found to be significant predictors of Hb response.ConclusionsSynthesized evidence indicates that addition of multiple micronutrients to Fe supplementation may only marginally improve Hb response compared with Fe supplementation alone. However, addition of ‘other micronutrients’ may have a negative effect. Routine addition of unselected multiple micronutrients to Fe therefore appears unjustified for nutritional anaemia control programmes.
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Marcussi, Francisco Fernando Noronha, and Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas. "MARCHA DE ABSORÇÃO DE MICRONUTRIENTES EM PLANTAS DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO." IRRIGA 8, no. 3 (December 4, 2003): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2003v8n3p203-217.
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MARCHA DE ABSORÇÃO DE MICRONUTRIENTES EM PLANTAS DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO Francisco Fernando Noronha MarcussiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: fmarcussi@hotmail.comRoberto Lyra Villas BôasDepartamento de Recursos Naturais e Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail:rlvboas@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo determinar a marcha de absorção de micronutrientes da planta de pimentão (híbrido Elisa), sob fertirrigação, através de oito épocas de coleta de planta. Ao final do experimento foi determinada a quantidade de micronutrientes absorvida pela planta, bem como a necessidade micro nutricional da planta em cada etapa de crescimento. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, campus de Botucatu. Os tratamentos constaram de oito épocas de coleta de planta (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, e 140 dias após o transplante das mudas) e quatro repetições, sendo cada repetição formada por quatro plantas. A fertirrigação foi via gotejamento. Os resultados de extração de micronutrientes demonstraram que o maior desenvolvimento da planta, conseqüentemente, sua maior necessidade nutricional de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, se concentra no período entre 120 e 140 dias após o transplante de mudas, onde verificou-se que a planta dobrou a extração total dos micronutrientes analisados em comparação ao período anterior. UNITERMOS: fertirrigação, pimentão, Capsicum annuum L., irrigação por gotejamento e acúmulo de micronutrientes MARCUSSI, F.F.N.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L. ABSORPTION COURSE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN BELL PEPPER PLANT UNDER FERTIGATION IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT 2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to determine the absorption course of micronutrients in bell pepper plants (Elisa hybrid) under fertigation using eight time periods of plant collection. At the end of the experiment the amount of absorbed and accumulated micronutrients by plants has been determined as well as the plant nutritional needs in each growth stage. The experiment was carried out at the Natural Resource Department – Soil Science at the Agricultural Science College, Botucatu campus, São Paulo state, Brazil. The treatments were eight time periods of plant collection (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 days after seedling transplant) and four repetitions, each one comprising four plants. The fertigation was performed through drip irrigation. The largest plant development and consequently the highest B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn nutritional needs occurred from 120 to 140 days after seedling transplant where the plant doubled the whole analyzed micronutrient extraction compared to the earlier period. KEYWORDS: fertigation, bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L., drip irrigation and micronutrient absorption.
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Wessells, K. Ryan, Rebecca R. Young, Elaine L. Ferguson, Césaire T. Ouédraogo, M. Thierno Faye, and Sonja Y. Hess. "Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Gaps, and Development of Food-Based Recommendations, among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Zinder, Niger: An Optifood Linear Programming Analysis." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010072.
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Pregnant and lactating women in rural Niger are at high risk for inadequate intakes of multiple micronutrients. Thus, 24 h dietary recalls were conducted and analyzed for dietary intakes in this population (n = 202). Using linear programming analyses, micronutrient gaps in women’s diets were identified, food-based recommendations (FBR) to improve dietary micronutrient adequacy were developed, and various supplementation strategies were modelled. Energy intakes were below estimated requirements, and, for most micronutrients, >50% of women were at risk of inadequate intakes. Linear programming analyses indicated it would be difficult to select a diet that achieved recommended dietary allowances for all but three (vitamin B6, iron and zinc) of 11 modeled micronutrients. Consumption of one additional meal per day, and adherence to the selected FBR (daily consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, fermented milk, millet, pulses, and vitamin A fortified oil), would result in a low percentage of women at risk of inadequate intakes for eight modeled micronutrients (vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamin, B6, folate, iron, zinc, and calcium). Because the promotion of realistic FBRs likely will not ensure that a low percentage of women are at risk of inadequate intakes for all modeled micronutrients, multiple micronutrient supplementation or provision of nutrient-dense foods should be prioritized.
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Abedin, Joinal, and Adrian Unc. "Addition of biochar to acidic boreal podzolic soils enhances micronutrient availability and crop productivity." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0021.
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AbstractResults of a recent multiyear experiment conducted on an agricultural plot that was recently converted from boreal forest (Labrador, Canada) suggested that NPK fertilizers contributed to better crop establishment and higher yield but only when it was applied along with biochar. The failure of fertilizer only treatments to allow crop establishment and desirable growth and yield could be related to the deficiency of one or more micronutrients. Consequently, a missing element trial with a number of micronutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo) was initiated on the same soil to investigate whether biochar can facilitate the availability of one or more of these micronutrients, contributing to crop growth and yields. Results show that the incorporation of chemical fertilizers with biochar produced significantly higher yields than in the absence of biochar. Furthermore, in the absence of biochar, the addition of micronutrients (i.e., Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo) did not significantly increase yield. On the other hand, among the treatments that included biochar, the absence of a micronutrient (i.e., only three of the four micronutrients included) had either no effect (e.g., absence of Mn or Zn) or was associated with the increased yields (i.e., absence of Cu or Mo). Thus, it is proposed that while all tested micronutrients were present in the podzolic soil, with Cu and Mo possibly oversupplied, co-application with biochar enhanced both macronutrient and micronutrient utilization by plants. The data on the availability of micronutrients in the soil, their concentration in plants, and total uptake also support this conclusion. Thus, biochar facilitates the plant uptake of both naturally occurring and added micronutrients, and associated crop productivity, in a podzolic soil typical for lands converted from forest to agricultural use in the boreal ecoregion of Labrador. These results also challenge the view that micronutrients must always be added to Podzols to achieve maximum productivity; biochar-mediated micronutrient plant uptake deserves consideration when managing Podzols.
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Baker, Bernadette C., Dexter JL Hayes, and Rebecca L. Jones. "Effects of micronutrients on placental function: evidence from clinical studies to animal models." Reproduction 156, no. 3 (September 2018): R69—R82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0130.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnant women due to low dietary intake and increased requirements for fetal development. Low maternal micronutrient status is associated with a range of pregnancy pathologies involving placental dysfunction, including fetal growth restriction (FGR), small-for-gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and preterm birth. However, clinical trials commonly fail to convincingly demonstrate beneficial effects of supplementation of individual micronutrients, attributed to heterogeneity and insufficient power, potential interactions and lack of mechanistic knowledge of effects on the placenta. We aimed to provide current evidence of relationships between selected micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, folate, vitamin B12) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, combined with understanding of actions on the placenta. Following a systematic literature search, we reviewed data from clinical,in vitroandin vivostudies of micronutrient deficiency and supplementation. Key findings are potential effects of micronutrient deficiencies on placental development and function, leading to impaired fetal growth. Studies in human trophoblast cells and rodent models provide insights into underpinning mechanisms. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence that deficiencies in all micronutrients examined induce a pro-inflammatory state in the placenta, drawing parallels with the inflammation detected in FGR, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and preterm birth. Beneficial effects of supplementation are apparentin vitroand in animal models and for combined micronutrients in clinical studies. However, greater understanding of the roles of these micronutrients, and insight into their involvement in placental dysfunction, combined with more robust clinical studies, is needed to fully ascertain the potential benefits of supplementation in pregnancy.
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Kodentsova, V. M., and D. V. Risnik. "MICRONUTRIENT METABOLIC NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY: A RATIONALE FOR THE ADVANTAGES OF VITAMIN-MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS." Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) 21, no. 4 (2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-4-3-20.
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ABSTRACT. The nutrition of adult and children population of Russia is characterized by multiple micronutrient deficiency due to the simultaneous insufficient content of vitamins, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and other mineral elements in the diet. A lack of several micronutrients can occur as a result of the use of various diets, medication, the development of the pathological process, increased needы of organism at various physiological, stressful situations of different etiologies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) participate in numerous biochemical pathways, perform certain functions in the body, are closely interconnected in complex metabolic networks to maintain homeostasis and overall health. Like mosaics, individual fragments of this comprehensive network of micronutrients are “assembled”, the centers of which are selenium, iodine, vitamin D, iron, and functionally related vitamins of group B. Simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of diseases, while, optimal sufficiency creates a “network of conditions that prevent diseases”. The concept of the correct ratios of essential micronutrients in the diet, as well as the optimal ratios of vitamins in the blood between themselves and indicators of lipid metabolism, is developing and is being confirmed. The physiological requirements for micronutrients (vitamin D, C, potassium, magnesium), which provide not only essentiality, but also optimality to maintain the body's health and reduce the risk of diseases, have being revised upward. Recommended intake of vitamins B1, B2 and niacin are correlated with energy consumption. Given the existence of metabolic networks of micronutrients and the presence of multiple micronutrient deficiency among the population, the superiority of multicomponent vitamin-mineral supplements undoubtedly superior to the effectiveness of individual micronutrients
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Browder, Jake F., Alexander X. Niemiera, J. Roger Harris, and Robert D. Wright. "Growth of Container-grown Pin Oak and Japanese Maple as Influenced by Sulfur and Sulfated Micronutrients." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1521–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1521.
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Substrates of container-grown plants are commonly preplant amended with sulfated micronutrients to supply micronutrients. However, the cause for the increased growth may be due to micronutrient addition or other factors such as S addition or substrate acidification. Container-grown pin oak (Quercus palustris Müench) and japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.) seedlings were grown in a 100% pine bark substrate and amended (or not) with one of the following treatments: control (no amendment), Micromax, K2SO4, H2SO4, HCl, chelated micronutrients, elemental S, or CaSO4. After 11 weeks, dry weights of plants in all treatments supplying S were higher than plants receiving no S. Dry weights of plants in all experiments receiving the chelate treatment were not higher than dry weights for control plants. These data indicate that S, not micronutrient application, is a primary cause of increased growth from the addition of sulfated micronutrients. However, it was demonstrated that there are conditions such as higher substrate solution pH (4.1 vs. 5.4), where Micromax may prove advantageous over sulfur alone since it would supply micronutrients as well as S.
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Biigel, Susanne. "Can human micronutrient status be improved by supplementing domestic animals?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 2 (May 2003): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003258.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are a major problem throughout the world and hundreds of millions of the world's population are affected by micronutrient deficiency disorders. In Europe the prevalence of clinical micronutrient deficiency disorders is less than that in the Third World. However, marginal deficiency of some of the micronutrients might be involved in the aetiology of many of the so-called lifestyle diseases, e.g. cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis. Supplementing domestic animals with micronutrients in excess of their needs could be one strategy to increase the intake and, thereby, status of micronutrients in the human population. This approach should, however, be considered carefully, in relation to both animal and human welfare. Many micronutrients that may accumulate in animal foods are toxic in high doses. It would also be unethical to expose animals to doses that might have deleterious effects on their health, and concentrations in animal products that might have adverse effects when consumed by man should be avoided. Furthermore, food quality should not be impaired by the supplement. On the other hand, to be relevant in relation to human nutrition, the given micronutrient should accumulate in animal tissue in concentrations that make an important contribution to total intake. Finally, the micronutrient should be incorporated in a way and in a form that is bioavailable to man, i.e. is well absorbed and utilized.
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Manger, Mari S., Kenneth H. Brown, Saskia J. M. Osendarp, Reed A. Atkin, and Christine M. McDonald. "Barriers to and Enablers of the Inclusion of Micronutrient Biomarkers in National Surveys and Surveillance Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102009.
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Including biomarkers of micronutrient status in existing or planned national surveys or surveillance systems is a critical step in improving capacity to promote, design, monitor, and evaluate micronutrient policies and programs. We aimed to identify the barriers to and enablers of the inclusion of micronutrient biomarker assessment in national surveys and surveillance systems, to identify the main challenges faced during the survey process, and to review experiences using existing platforms for micronutrient surveys. We conducted a series of key informant interviews with in-country and external representatives from six countries where national-level data on micronutrient status were collected in the past 5 years: Cambodia, Pakistan, Malawi, Uganda, Ghana, and Uzbekistan. Micronutrients associated with specific public health programs were always prioritized for inclusion in the survey. If funding, time, and/or logistics allowed, other considered micronutrients were also included. The most important and frequently reported barrier to inclusion of a more comprehensive panel of micronutrient biomarkers was inadequate funding to cover the laboratory analysis cost for all micronutrients considered at the planning stage. Government support and commitment was stressed as the most important enabling factor by all key informants. Advocacy for funding for micronutrient status assessment is needed.
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Cuenca-Micó, Olga, and Carmen Aceves. "Micronutrients and Breast Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123613.
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Epidemiological studies on micronutrient consumption have reported protective associations in the incidence and/or progression of various cancer types. Supplementation with some of these micronutrients has been analyzed, showing chemoprotection, low toxicity, antiproliferation, and the ability to modify epigenetic signatures in various cancer models. This review investigates the reported effects of micronutrient intake or supplementation in breast cancer progression. A PubMed search was conducted with the keywords “micronutrients breast cancer progression”, and the results were analyzed. The selected micronutrients were vitamins (C, D, and E), folic acid, metals (Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn), fatty acids, polyphenols, and iodine. The majority of in vitro models showed antiproliferative, cell-cycle arrest, and antimetastatic effects for almost all the micronutrients analyzed, but these effects do not reflect animal or human studies. Only one clinical trial with vitamin D and one pilot study with molecular iodine showed favorable overall survival and disease-free interval.
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MODAIHSH, A. S. "FOLIAR APPLICATION OF CHELATED AND NON-CHELATED METALS FOR SUPPLYING MICRONUTRIENTS TO WHEAT GROWN ON CALCAREOUS SOIL." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (April 1997): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447979700001x.
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A field experiment was conducted from 1992 to 1994 to study the effect of supplying micronutrients to wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Yecora rojo) grown on calcareous soil. Chelated and/or non-chelated forms of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were administered through a wide range of foliar applications, sprayed either individually or in combination. All the chelated micronutrients were applied in the form of EDTA with the exception of Fe (EDDHA). However, all the non-chelated elements were in the form of sulphate. The grain yield was significantly increased by the application of individual micronutrients either in the form of sulphate or chelate, but much higher amounts of sulphates were required. Application of micronutrient combinations either in chelated or non-chelated forms gave greater biological and grain yields than individual applications of the micronutrients. Wheat response to micronutrient applications followed in rank order: combined elements > Fe > Cu = Zn > Mn. Application of the micronutrients in sulphate form generally resulted in higher concentrations of these elements in grain than when the chelated forms were applied. Foliar application of the micronutrients in the form of sulphates at higher application rates may be more effective than the chelates due to lower cost despite the higher application rates.
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Anselmo, Aaron C., Xian Xu, Simone Buerkli, Yingying Zeng, Wen Tang, Kevin J. McHugh, Adam M. Behrens, et al. "A heat-stable microparticle platform for oral micronutrient delivery." Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 518 (November 13, 2019): eaaw3680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw3680.
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Micronutrient deficiencies affect up to 2 billion people and are the leading cause of cognitive and physical disorders in the developing world. Food fortification is effective in treating micronutrient deficiencies; however, its global implementation has been limited by technical challenges in maintaining micronutrient stability during cooking and storage. We hypothesized that polymer-based encapsulation could address this and facilitate micronutrient absorption. We identified poly(butylmethacrylate-co-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate) (1:2:1) (BMC) as a material with proven safety, offering stability in boiling water, rapid dissolution in gastric acid, and the ability to encapsulate distinct micronutrients. We encapsulated 11 micronutrients (iron; iodine; zinc; and vitamins A, B2, niacin, biotin, folic acid, B12, C, and D) and co-encapsulated up to 4 micronutrients. Encapsulation improved micronutrient stability against heat, light, moisture, and oxidation. Rodent studies confirmed rapid micronutrient release in the stomach and intestinal absorption. Bioavailability of iron from microparticles, compared to free iron, was lower in an initial human study. An organotypic human intestinal model revealed that increased iron loading and decreased polymer content would improve absorption. Using process development approaches capable of kilogram-scale synthesis, we increased iron loading more than 30-fold. Scaled batches tested in a follow-up human study exhibited up to 89% relative iron bioavailability compared to free iron. Collectively, these studies describe a broad approach for clinical translation of a heat-stable ingestible micronutrient delivery platform with the potential to improve micronutrient deficiency in the developing world. These approaches could potentially be applied toward clinical translation of other materials, such as natural polymers, for encapsulation and oral delivery of micronutrients.
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Jiang, Y., Y. G. Zhang, D. Zhou, Y. Qin, and W. J. Liang. "Profile distribution of micronutrients in an aquic brown soil as affected by land use." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 11 (November 11, 2009): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/57/2009-pse.
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To assess the land use effects on soil micronutrients, this study examined the profile variation and storage of DTPA- extractable iron, manganese, copper and zinc at the depth of 0–150 cm of an aquic brown soil under four land use patterns, i.e. paddy, maize, and fallow fields and woodland, over 14 years in an ecological experimental station of northeastern China. Results showed that land use effect, soil depth, and their interactions on micronutrients were significantly different, and they were decreased with soil depth. Micronutrient storages in woodland and fallow field were significantly greater than in paddy field (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and significantly or comparatively greater than in maize field. Micronutrients were positively correlated with soil organic carbon, but negatively with soil pH in profiles. Plant cycling and soil pH may contribute a lot in enhancing soil micronutrient levels in woodland and fallow field, while the lower organic matter content and higher soil pH may inhibit the micronutrient availability in paddy field. The study suggested that the profile distribution of soil micronutrients was mainly controlled by biological cycling, anthropogenic disturbance and leaching and strongly affected by land uses.
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Rosa, Desi Elvhira, and Nanan Nur’aeny. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF MICRONUTRIENTS AND ORAL MUCOSA DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v7i1.13109.
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Background: The association between micronutrients and oral mucosa diseases have been studied for a long time by many researchers. Nutritional deficiency can significantly interfere the function of the oral cavity. Various diseases in the oral cavity can occur due to nutritional deficiencies, especially micronutrient deficiencies. Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate recently studies that investigating micronutrient level in patients with oral mucosa diseases to determine the relationship of micronutrients and oral mucosa diseases. Method: Electronic databases were searched from January 2011 to June 2021 for studies that measured the micronutrients level in patients with oral mucosa diseases. Only case-control studies in human reporting serum, salivary and urine level of micronutrients in oral mucosa diseases were included. The quality of case-control studies was assessed using the quality assessment tool developed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and Research Triangle Institute International. Results: There were 23 case-controlled studies were included in this study. Three studies investigated micronutrients level in recurrent aphthous stomatitis, 5 studies in oral submucous fibrosis, 8 studies in oral lichen planus, 6 studies in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer and 1 study in another oral mucosa diseases. Overall, only 1 (4,35%) was assessed as poor-quality rating. Based on this review, there was a positive association between malnutrition (excess and low) of micronutrients and oral mucosa diseases. Conclusion: There is a relationship between malnutrition, either excess or lack of micronutrients on oral mucosal diseases.
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Smuts, C. Marius, A. J. Spinnler Benadé, Jacques Berger, Le Thi Hop, Guillermo López de Romaña, Juliawati Untoro, Elvina Karyadi, Jürgen Erhardt, and Rainer Gross. "Iris I: A Foodlet-Based Multiple-Micronutrient Intervention in 6- to 12-Month-Old Infants at High Risk of Micronutrient Malnutrition in Four Contrasting Populations: Description of a Multicenter Field Trial." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 3_suppl_1 (January 2003): S27—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265030243s105.
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Infants in developing countries are at risk of concurrent micronutrient deficiencies, because the same causative factors may lead to deficiencies of different micronutrients. Inadequate dietary intake is considered one of the major causes of micronutrient deficiencies, especially among poor and underprivileged children in developing countries. Operational strategies and distribution systems are often duplicated when supplementation programs for single micronutrients are implemented at the same time. The International Research on Infant Supplementation (IRIS) trial was conducted in four distinct populations on three continents: Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The participating countries were South Africa, Peru, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The study had a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled design. Each country aimed to enroll at least 70 infants per intervention group (65 + 5 anticipated dropouts). The micronutrient vehicle was in the form of a “foodlet” (food-like tablet) manufactured as chewable tablets, which were easy to break and dissolve, and which had the same taste, color, and flavor for all countries. Children were randomly assigned to one of four 6-month intervention groups: group 1 received a daily foodlet containing multiple micronutrients; group 2 received a daily placebo foodlet containing no micronutrients; group 3 received a weekly foodlet that contained multiple micronutrients (twice the dose of the daily foodlet) and placebo foodlets on the other days of the week; group 4 received a daily foodlet containing only 10 mg of elemental iron. The IRIS Trial aimed to examine the prevalence of multi-micronutrient deficiencies in 6- to 12-month-old infants from rural populations, and to examine the efficacy of multi-micronutrient supplementation in infants from the different countries included in the study. This paper describes the general methodology of the IRIS trial and the operational differences among the country sites.
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Ramadhia, Anggrita Salsabila, Harna Harna, Mertien Sa'pang, and Nadiyah Nadiyah. "HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MIKRO, DURASI TIDUR, INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN STATUS IMUN PEGAWAI BALITBANG HUKUM DAN HAM." Journal of Nutrition College 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v10i4.31620.
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Background: Adequate micronutrients intake is essential to ensure the immune function. Certain populations may have insufficient intake of micronutrients, and in situations that increase the demand for example infections, stress, and pollution that decrease the body's stores of micronutrients, putting them at risk of deficiency and may impair immunity. Several researchs related to micronutrient intake, nutritional status, sleep duration are still contradictory results in showing the relationship with immunity.Objectives: To determine the relationship between micronutrient intake, sleep duration, body mass index and the immune status of Balitbang Hukum dan HAM employees.Methods: This type of research is an observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling technique. The samples taken were 47 people.Results: Median intake of micronutrient vitamin A 1024.5 mcg, vitamin C 208.3 mg, vitamin D 1.4 mcg, vitamin E 3.5 mg, iron 5.1 mg, zinc 4.2 mg. Meanwhile, the median sleep duration was 6 hours and the median body mass index was 22.2 kg / m2. The intake of micronutrients with immune status has a p value> 0.05. Sleep duration with immune status has a p value <0.05 with a negative relationship direction. Body mass index with immune status has a p value> 0.05.Conclusion: There is no relationship between micronutrient intake and body mass index with immune status, meanwhile there is a relationship between sleep duration and immune status of Balitbang Hukum dan HAM employees.Keywords : Micronutrient intake; Sleep duration; Body mass index; Immune status
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Gashu, D., P. C. Nalivata, T. Amede, E. L. Ander, E. H. Bailey, L. Botoman, C. Chagumaira, et al. "The nutritional quality of cereals varies geospatially in Ethiopia and Malawi." Nature 594, no. 7861 (May 19, 2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03559-3.
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AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) remain widespread among people in sub-Saharan Africa1–5, where access to sufficient food from plant and animal sources that is rich in micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) is limited due to socioeconomic and geographical reasons4–6. Here we report the micronutrient composition (calcium, iron, selenium and zinc) of staple cereal grains for most of the cereal production areas in Ethiopia and Malawi. We show that there is geospatial variation in the composition of micronutrients that is nutritionally important at subnational scales. Soil and environmental covariates of grain micronutrient concentrations included soil pH, soil organic matter, temperature, rainfall and topography, which were specific to micronutrient and crop type. For rural households consuming locally sourced food—including many smallholder farming communities—the location of residence can be the largest influencing factor in determining the dietary intake of micronutrients from cereals. Positive relationships between the concentration of selenium in grain and biomarkers of selenium dietary status occur in both countries. Surveillance of MNDs on the basis of biomarkers of status and dietary intakes from national- and regional-scale food-composition data1–7 could be improved using subnational data on the composition of grain micronutrients. Beyond dietary diversification, interventions to alleviate MNDs, such as food fortification8,9 and biofortification to increase the micronutrient concentrations in crops10,11, should account for geographical effects that can be larger in magnitude than intervention outcomes.
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Kilby, Kyle, Holly Mathias, Lindsay Boisvenue, Courtney Heisler, and Jennifer L. Jones. "Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061388.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder associated with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. While it is poorly understood, the role of nutrition and nutrient status in the etiology of IBD and its associated outcomes has led to increased research relating to micronutrient deficiency. This review offers an overview of recent literature related to micronutrient absorption and outcomes in adults with IBD. Although the absorption and IBD-related outcomes of some micronutrients (e.g., vitamin D and iron) are well understood, other micronutrients (e.g., vitamin A) require further research. Increased research and clinician knowledge of the relationship between micronutrients and IBD may manifest in improved nutrient screening, monitoring, treatment, and outcomes for people living with IBD.
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Janmohammadi, Mohsen, Hedayat Abdoli, Naser Sabaghnia, Mohammad Esmailpour, and Ahmad Aghaei. "The Effect of Iron, Zinc and Organic Fertilizer on Yield of Chickpea (Cicer artietinum L.) in Mediterranean Climate." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010049.
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Chickpea is one the most important legume crops in Mediterranean semi-arid regions and its sustainable production strongly depends on the nutrient management and water availability. Soils of these regions generally have high pH, and low organic matter, which reduce the availability of micronutrients and led to multi-micronutrient deficiencies. For estimating the effect of integrated application of different levels of organic fertilizer (zero, 20 t ha-1, 40 t ha-1) and micronutrient fertilizers (Zn, Fe) on agronomic traits and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was carried out at the highland semi-arid regions in Piranshahr district (36° 40ʹ N, 45° 08ʹ E; 1840 m). Assessment of phenological development revealed that plants grown under control condition (no-organic and micronutrients fertilizer) had a significantly slower development. Assessment of agronomic characteristics showed that application of micronutrients fertilizer substantially increased plant height, first pod height, canopy width, number of the seed, seed weight, economic and biological yield compared to control condition. By increasing the application rate of organic fertilizer its positive effects became more impressive on growth and yield component. The best growth performance was recorded by integrated application of 40 t ha-1 organic fertilizer and micronutrients fertilizers. However, there was no significant difference between fertilizer of Fe and Zn. Overall, the results indicated that the studied site is facing with micronutrient deficiencies and application organic fertilizer can noticeably improve the efficiency of micronutrients fertilizer. A quick and supplementary approach is therefore required for remedy of both Zn and Fe deficiencies in the short term. The finding showed that a substantial yield improvement is possible by integrated application of organic and micronutrient fertilizer.
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khader, Prof Vijaya. "Health Benefits of Micronutrients and Stratagies to prevent micronutrient Deficiencies." International Journal of Agro Nutrifood Practices 1, no. 1 (November 12, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijanp/01.01.a002.
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In metabolism and tissue performance, micronutrients play a key role. Sufficient amount of intake is required to maintain tissue function and metabolic processes. In those people who are extremely depleted and the possibility for complications, the clinical benefits of micronutrient supplements are more advantageous in health improvement. Zinc and vitamin A supplements have contributed to lowered diarrhoea and pneumonia in children in developing countries. In slightly malnourished children, there are some indications that micronutrient supplements have cognitive influence. In several diseases, there is strong proof of the benefit of micronutrient supplements. A well-balanced diet tends to support most of the micronutrients.
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Karki, Kasmita, Vishal Singh Negi, Tim Coolong, Aparna Petkar, Mihir Mandal, Chandrasekar Kousik, Ron Gitaitis, Abolfazl Hajihassani, and Bhabesh Dutta. "Micronutrients Affect Expression of Induced Resistance Genes in Hydroponically Grown Watermelon against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita." Pathogens 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101136.
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The soil-borne pathogens, particularly Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) and southern root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) are the major threats to watermelon production in the southeastern United States. The role of soil micronutrients on induced resistance (IR) to plant diseases is well-documented in soil-based media. However, soil-based media do not allow us to determine the contribution of individual micronutrients in the induction of IR. In this manuscript, we utilized hydroponics-medium to assess the effect of controlled application of micronutrients, including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) on the expression of important IR genes (PR1, PR5, and NPR1 from salicylic acid (SA) pathway, and VSP, PDF, and LOX genes from jasmonic acid (JA) pathway) in watermelon seedlings upon inoculation with either FON or RKN or both. A subset of micronutrient-treated plants was inoculated (on the eighth day of micronutrient application) with FON and RKN (single or mixed inoculation). The expression of the IR genes in treated and control samples was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Although, significant phenotypic differences were not observed with respect to the severity of wilt symptoms or RKN galling with any of the micronutrient treatments within the 30-day experimental period, differences in the induction of IR genes were considerably noticeable. However, the level of gene expression varied with sampling period, type and concentration of micronutrients applied, and pathogen inoculation. In the absence of pathogens, micronutrient applications on the seventh day, in general, downregulated the expression of the majority of the IR genes. However, pathogen inoculation preferentially either up- or down-regulated the expression levels of the IR genes at three days post-inoculation depending on the type and concentration of micronutrients. The results demonstrated here indicate that micronutrients in watermelon may potentially make watermelon plants susceptible to infection by FON and RKN. However, upon infection the IR genes are significantly up-regulated that they may potentially aid the prevention of further infection via SA- and JA-pathways. This is the first demonstration of the impact of micronutrients affecting IR in watermelon against FON and RKN infection.
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Rigo, Geliandro Anhaia, Luis Osmar Braga Schuch, Rodrigo Lamaison de Vargas, Willian Silva Barros, Vinícius Jardel Szareski, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Cristian Troyjack, et al. "Micronutrient Content and Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p223.
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The aimed to correlate the micronutrients content in soybean seeds with their physiological potential. The work was developed in the Federal University of Pelotas, in the facilities of the Seed Science and Technology Graduate Program. The experimental design was randomized blocks in arranged in four replicates. The micronutrients measured were: B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Al and Na. The magnitudes of micronutrients are dependent on the genetic constitutions of soybean cultivars. Higher variations are expressed for boron, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, sodium and aluminum content, while iron is the most stable micronutrient in soybean seeds. Molybdenum and copper are characterized as determining micronutrients for physiological quality of soybean seeds.
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Semba, R. D., and A. M. Tang. "Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection." British Journal of Nutrition 81, no. 3 (March 1999): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000379.
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Micronutrient deficiencies may be common during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Insufficient dietary intake, malabsorption, diarrhoea, and impaired storage and altered metabolism of micronutrients can contribute to the development of micronutrient deficiencies. Low plasma or serum levels of vitamins A, E, B6, B12 and C, carotenoids, Se, and Zn are common in many HIV-infected populations. Micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection through increased oxidative stress and compromised immunity. Low levels or intakes of micronutrients such as vitamins A, E, B6 and B12, Zn and Se have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes during HIV infection, and new studies are emerging which suggest that micronutrient supplementation may help reduce morbidity and mortality during HIV infection.
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Kodentsova, V. M., and D. V. Risnik. "Vitamin-mineral supplements for correction of multiple micronutrient deficiency." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 8, 2020): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-192-200.
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Multiple micronutrient deficiency (simultaneous insufficient supply of the organism with several vitamins at once (vitamin D, B group), as well as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine, and not an isolated deficiency of any one micronutrient is characteristic of a significant part of the Russian population throughout the year, regardless of places of residence. The growing need of the organism at different periods of life (puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging), various diseases, drug therapy, the period of convalescence, stress, the use of various diets, enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, religious observance, adverse environmental factors further increase the risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) are closely interconnected into complex metabolic networks, which provide maintaining homeostasis and health. Deficiency of each of the essential micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a particular disease, and simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of not just one, but several diseases at once. Conversely, an adequate or optimal sufficiency of the body with all micronutrients, respectively, creates a “network of conditions ensuring the prevention of the disease”, due to the full implementation of all processes dependent on them in the body. This means that replenishing inadequate food intake of scarce micronutrients is an important way to maintain health and longevity. Given the variety of vitamin-mineral supplements, it is important to choose the right supplement. The maximum effectiveness to maintain the body’s vitamin and mineral status at the optimum level will be ensured by the intake of not individual micronutrients, but vitamin and mineral supplements containing a complete set of vitamins in doses close to the physiological needs of the body and basic minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine), the deficit of which is characteristic for the Russian population.
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Rennie, Kirsten L., and M. Barbara E. Livingstone. "Associations between dietary added sugar intake and micronutrient intake: a systematic review." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 5 (May 2007): 832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507617206.
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There is increasing concern that high intakes of added sugars might compromise intakes of micronutrients. The objectives of this systematic review were (1) to determine whether dietary added sugar intake was associated with micronutrient intakes, and if so, whether there was evidence of micronutrient dilution as a result of higher dietary added sugar intake and (2) if micronutrient dilution was present, to determine whether there was sufficiently robust evidence to support a threshold effect above which there was a significant decline in micronutrient intake or status relative to the recommended intakes. A systematic computerised literature search was undertaken, limited to studies written in English published from 1980 onwards and further studies identified through hand searching papers. Fifteen studies that assessed associations between intakes of added sugars or non-milk extrinsic sugars and micronutrients were included. Overall, there are insufficient data and inconsistency between studies in relationships between added sugars and micronutrient intakes, with no clear evidence of micronutrient dilution or a threshold for a quantitative amount of added sugar intake for any of the micronutrients investigated. The current evidence base is considerably constrained by methodological issues. Further research is required to determine which food products high in added sugars might adversely affect micronutrient intakes by displacing other food items from the diet. Analyses should take into account the magnitude of any observed associations to determine their true biological significance.
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Ortiz-Andrellucchi, Adriana, Jorge Doreste-Alonso, Patricia Henríquez-Sánchez, Irene Cetin, and Lluís Serra-Majem. "Dietary assessment methods for micronutrient intake in pregnant women: a systematic review." British Journal of Nutrition 102, S1 (December 2009): S64—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509993151.
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The EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence needs clear guidelines for assessing the validity of reported micronutrient intakes among vulnerable population groups. A systematic literature search identified studies validating the methodology used for measuring usual dietary intake during pregnancy. The quality of each validation study selected was assessed using a EURRECA-developed scoring system. The validation studies were categorised according to whether the study used a reference method that reflected short-term intake ( < 7 d) long-term intake ( ≥ 7 d) or used biomarkers (BM). A correlation coefficient for each micronutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients from each study weighted by the quality of the study. Seventeen papers were selected, which included the validation of fifteen FFQ, two dietary records (DR), one diet history and a Fe intake checklist. Estimates of twenty-six micronutrients by six FFQ were validated against 24-h recalls indicating good correlation for six micronutrients. Estimates of twenty-four micronutrients by two FFQ were validated against estimated DR and all had good or acceptable correlations. Estimates of fourteen micronutrients by three FFQ were validated against weighed DR indicating good correlations for five. Six FFQ were validated against BM, presenting good correlations only for folic acid. FFQ appear to be most reliable for measuring short-term intakes of vitamins E and B6 and long-term intakes of thiamin. Apart from folic acid, BM do not add any more certainty in terms of intake method reliability. When frequency methods are used, the inclusion of dietary supplements improves their reliability for most micronutrients.
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Liu, Zhen, Liyun Zhao, Qingqing Man, Jingzhong Wang, Wenhua Zhao, and Jian Zhang. "Dietary Micronutrients Intake Status among Chinese Elderly People Living at Home: Data from CNNHS 2010–2012." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081787.
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The aim of this study was to examine the status of usual dietary micronutrient intakes among Chinese elderly living at home. The data was based on China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2012. We analyzed data from the participants aged 60-year-old and more (n = 16,612) living at home, who provided dietary data on three days 24 h dietary survey combining with the household weighing method. The means and distribution percentiles for usual intakes of dietary micronutrients were estimated using the Multiple Source Method (MSM). The prevalence of inadequacy for the selected micronutrients was expressed using the proportion of individuals with usual intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). For vitamin E, sodium and potassium, the means and the distribution of intakes were compared to the Adequate Intake (AI) level. Usual dietary intakes of most micronutrients were inadequate in the participants, especially folate, calcium, vitamin B6 and vitamin B2, with the prevalence of inadequacy more than 90%. However, dietary sodium intake was extremely high with an average usual intake of 4702 mg/day. The usual dietary intakes of all selected micronutrients in old males were higher than females, and the prevalence of inadequacy of most micronutrients was higher in old women (p < 0.01). The subjects aged 60–74 years tended to have higher usual dietary micronutrient intakes and lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrients than those aged 75 years and over (p < 0.01). Higher usual dietary intakes and lower prevalence of inadequacy of most micronutrients were found in the elderly living in the southern region (p < 0.01). The average usual intakes of most micronutrients declined with socioeconomic status. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin A, B2, C, calcium and selenium below EAR increased with socioeconomic status (p < 0.01, p for trend < 0.01). Thus, essential micronutrients insufficient intake is a public health concern among Chinese community-dwelling old population, especially the females, older people, the elderly in undeveloped areas or living in northern regions. Nutrition education and appropriate approach should be undertaken to address these problems.
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Tizazu, Yirga Bereka. "Fortification of Food with Micronutrients for Meeting Dietary Requirements: A Review." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 5, no. 4 (July 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000225.
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Hidden hanger is a manifestation of malnutrition which diminishes the health of the people all over the world, its effect is worse when it comes to the developing countries. More than two hundred million people worldwide are suffering from micronutrient deficiency. The risks of micronutrient deficiency are high in vulnerable groups of people such as infants, children, adolescents, and pregnant women. Maternal mortality, growth retardation, cognitive impairment, impaired work capacity, goiter and blindness are among the many risks which occur in the population as a result of micronutrients deficiencies in the human body. Among micronutrients vitamin A, iodine and iron are the most nutritionally important nutrients in terms of public health problems and known to affect one third of the world population specifically in developing countries. To alleviate the problem of micronutrient deficiency, adequate consumption of micronutrients in the daily diet is a perquisite. However, meeting the dietary requirements of the human body to mitigate the accompanying micronutrient deficiency in a regular diet is not possible mainly in poor populations due economic deprivation and other many factors. Thus, several strategies including supplementation of food, dietary diversification, nutrition education, public health and food safety measurement and food fortification have been designed to reduce the problem of micronutrient deficiency and improve the nutritional status of the population. Among the strategies, food fortification is found to be very effective to eliminate micronutrient deficiency from the population without noticeably changing the people’s eating style and culture. Accordingly very essential micronutrients such as iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamin A are fortified with different food products mainly staple foods to address the micronutrient deficiency problems in the most vulnerable people groups around the world. Thus, this review concluded that micronutrient fortification of food is indispensable option to meet the dietary requirements and reduce associated health risks of micronutrient deficiencies in most vulnerable groups of the population around the globe without causing significant effect on the people’s economy and eating culture.
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Niu, Guoxiang, Yinliu Wang, Guangyi Dai, Siwei Xie, Yiqian Jin, Junjie Yang, and Jianhui Huang. "Effects of 12-Year Nitrogen Addition and Mowing on Plant-Soil Micronutrients in a Typical Steppe." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223042.
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Changes in soil micronutrient availability may have adverse consequences on grassland productivity, yet it’s still largely unclear how concurrent human practices, such as fertilization and mowing, affect micronutrient cycling in the plant-soil systems. Here, we measured six essential micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co and Mo) contents in both plant pool (separated as aboveground plant parts, litter, and belowground roots) at the community level and soil pool (0–10 cm depth) after 12-year consecutive nitrogen (N) addition (0, 2, 10, and 50 g N m−2 year−1) and mowing in a typical steppe of the Mongolian Plateau. The results show that (i) medium-N (10 g m−2 year−1) and high-N (50 g m−2 year−1) addition rates significantly increased contents of soil-available Fe (+310.0%, averaging across the two N addition rates), Mn (+149.2%), Co (+123.6%) and Mo (+73.9%) irrespective of mowing treatment, whereas these addition treatments usually decreased contents of soil total Fe (−8.9%), Mn (−21.6%), Cu (−15.9%), Zn (−19.5%), Co (−16.4%) and Mo (−34.7%). (ii) Contents of Fe in aboveground plant parts, litter, and roots significantly decreased, whereas plant Mn increased with N addition. Contents of above ground plant Cu, Zn, Co, and Mo significantly decreased at high-N addition rate, whereas contents of micronutrients in roots and litters, except for Fe, generally increased with N addition. Moreover, the total amount of micronutrients in the plant pool (contents × biomass) significantly increased at the medium-N addition rate but decreased at the high-N addition rate. All N addition rates significantly enlarged the pool of litter micronutrients, and roots could hold more micronutrients under N addition, especially combined with mowing treatment. Importantly, although mowing could regulate the effects of N addition on variables (i) and (ii), the effects were weaker overall than those of N addition. (iii) Changes in root micronutrients, except for Mn, could explain corresponding changes in plant micronutrients (R2: 0.19–0.56, all p < 0.01), and significant linear correlations were also observed between soil-available Fe and Fe in plant and roots. Aboveground plant Mn was significantly correlated with soil-available Mn, while Co and Mo in roots were also significantly correlated with soil-available Co and Mo. These results indicate that soil micronutrient supply capacity may decrease due to a decrease in total micronutrient contents after long-term N addition and mowing. They also suggest that different magnitude responses of soil micronutrients in plants (i.e., litters, roots) and soil should be considered when comprehensively examining nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems.
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Chu, Brian A., Vijaya Surampudi, Zhaoping Li, Christina Harris, Teresa Seeman, Keith C. Norris, and Tara Vijayan. "Micronutrient Deficiency as a Confounder in Ascertaining the Role of Obesity in Severe COVID-19 Infection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031125.
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Food insecurity in the United States has been exacerbated due to the socioeconomic strain of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Populations experiencing poverty and, as a consequence, food insecurity in the United States are disproportionately affected by obesity, which was identified early in the pandemic as a major risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and mortality. Given the focus on obesity and its role in immune dysregulation, it is also important to note the role of micronutrient deficiency, another sequalae of food insecurity. Micronutrients play an important role in the ability of the immune system to mount an appropriate response. Moreover, OBESE individuals are more likely to be micronutrient deficient. This review will explore the role of micronutrients, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, and zinc in respiratory immunity and COVID-19 and how micronutrient deficiency may be a possible confounder in obesity’s association with severe outcomes. By illuminating the role of micronutrients in COVID-19, this paper expands the discussion from food insecurity and obesity to include micronutrient deficiency and how all of these interact in respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19.
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Galyean, Shannon, Dhanashree Sawant, and Andrew C. Shin. "Immunometabolism, Micronutrients, and Bariatric Surgery: The Use of Transcriptomics and Microbiota-Targeted Therapies." Mediators of Inflammation 2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862034.
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Background. Obesity is associated with the gut microbiota and decreased micronutrient status. Bariatric surgery is a recommended therapy for obesity. It can positively affect the composition of the gut bacteria but also disrupt absorption of nutrients. Low levels of micronutrients can affect metabolic processes, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, that are associated with the immune system also known as immunometabolism. Methods. MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles involving gut microbiome, micronutrient deficiency, gut-targeted therapies, transcriptome analysis, micronutrient supplementation, and bariatric surgery were included. Results. Studies show that micronutrients play a pivotal role in the intestinal immune system and regulating immunometabolism. Research demonstrates that gut-targeting therapies may improve the microbiome health for bariatric surgery populations. There is limited research that examines the role of micronutrients in modulating the gut microbiota among the bariatric surgery population. Conclusions. Investigations are needed to understand the influence that micronutrient deficiencies have on the gut, particularly immunometabolism. Nutritional transcriptomics shows great potential in providing this type of analysis to develop gut-modulating therapies as well as more personalized nutrition recommendations for bariatric surgery patients.
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N. V. S, Venugopal, and Mohan Rao G. N. V. "Formulation, Development and Characterization of an Eco-Friendly N-P-K Fertilizer with Multi Micronutrient Matrix." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3031.
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In modern agriculture for receiving better crop yield and plant growth fertilizers are obligatory. Micronutrient support is very essential for balanced crop nutrition. For elevated crop yield the optimal nutrient supply is very much necessary and it is possible only the presence of micronutrient matrix. Minute quantities of micronutrients are required for better physiology of plant kingdom. The purpose of the study was to formulate a new Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potassium fertilizer with five micronutrients mould. The author developed water soluble (100%) 15-15-15 grade fertilizer with 0.5%Zn,0.5%Mn,0.5%Fe, 0.5%Mg, 0.2%Mo as micronutrients support. The physical properties such as moisture,pH,conductivity ,critical relative humidity etc were studied and found superior as compared to the normal grade without micronutrient support. The presence of Chloride content in the soil diminishes the capacity of the plants to take up water and this results in leaf burn or drying of leaf tissues. The chloride content in the proposed fertilizer is 0.27%. Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potassium fertilizer fortified with five-micronutrient matrix and its application for finest Plant augmentation shown unsurpassed results and more crop yield. The proposed fertilizer with multi micronutrient matrix shown enhanced physical properties as compared to available branded fertilizers.
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Gupta, Sunil, Scott A. Read, Nicholas A. Shackel, Lionel Hebbard, Jacob George, and Golo Ahlenstiel. "The Role of Micronutrients in the Infection and Subsequent Response to Hepatitis C Virus." Cells 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060603.
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Micronutrient deficiencies develop for a variety of reasons, whether geographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, or as a result of disease pathologies such as chronic viral infection. As micronutrients are essential for a strong immune response, deficiencies can significantly dampen both the innate and the adaptive arms of antiviral immunity. The innate immune response in particular is crucial to protect against hepatitis C virus (HCV), a hepatotropic virus that maintains chronic infection in up to 80% of individuals if left untreated. While many micronutrients are required for HCV replication, an overlapping group of micronutrients are also necessary to enact a potent immune response. As the liver is responsible for the storage and metabolism of many micronutrients, HCV persistence can influence the micronutrients’ steady state to benefit viral persistence both directly and by weakening the antiviral response. This review will focus on common micronutrients such as zinc, iron, copper, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. We will explore their role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection and in the response to antiviral therapy. While chronic hepatitis C virus infection drives deficiencies in micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, vitamin A and B12, it also stimulates copper and iron excess; these micronutrients influence antioxidant, inflammatory and immune responses to HCV.