To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: And Horticulture for Women.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'And Horticulture for Women'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'And Horticulture for Women.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Reid, Deborah Anne. "Unsung heroines of horticulture : Scottish gardening women, 1800 to 1930." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21040.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the existence, contribution and recognition of Scottish gardening women for the period 1800 to 1930. The focus was conceived in response to the lack of attention given to female Scottish gardeners in traditional narratives of Britain’s, and more specifically, Scotland’s gardening history. Despite evidence to suggest that women have participated in gardening since the development of the earliest gardens, canonical narratives reveal a preoccupation with white, male, often elite plantsmen, many of whom were Scottish, that pay little or no attention to female involvement. The study begins by considering the degree to which Scotland’s gardening men were successful by unpacking their role and influence, how they were able to make a contribution to gardening and the ways in which they were recognised. This is followed by an assessment of the relative invisibility of women within historical gardening narratives. The recent emergence of feminist studies concentrating on the work of women gardeners has helped to correct this imbalance, but their primary focus on English women has highlighted the disparity between the growing awareness of female gardeners in England and the continuing obscurity of their Scottish counterparts. At the heart of this research is an in-depth biographical analysis of thirteen gardening women, which uncovers their work and contributes to an understanding of the history of women gardeners in Scotland at a time when gardening was dominated by men and undergoing a period of growth and professionalisation. The thesis demonstrates that the women went beyond the confines of their own gardens and achieved within the wider, public sphere of horticulture in Scotland. Some made significant collections of seeds and plants, whilst others used their skills as nurserywomen to cultivate them and, in so doing, they played a part in our knowledge and understanding of plant taxonomy. The transition from amateur gardener to professional status was also achieved and, based on the evidence found within this study, some women were instrumental in pioneering women’s entry into professional gardening. However, few were recognised by the horticultural establishment either during their lifetime or posthumously. This thesis sets the women within their cultural context and addresses the impact of factors such as social class, education, family obligations and gendered prejudice on their ability to achieve and the extent to which their work was recognised in comparison to that of their male contemporaries. As a result, it fills the gaps in our knowledge and understanding of Scotland’s gardening women and provides evidence on which to refute the suggestion that their elision from traditional narratives of Scottish garden history is justified.
2
Meredith, Anne M. "Middle-class women and horticultural education, 1890-1939." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390831.
Full text
3
Arif, Mobeen. "Measurement of horticulture produce quality." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273953.
Full text
4
Noet, Ngoc-Thao. "Cooperation in horticulture : three experiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0093.
Full textAbstract:
Dans un environnement économique international fortement concurrentiel, la coopération est un déterminant clé pour favoriser la compétitivité. Alors que la France est une puissance agricole majeure, la filière horticole française est vulnérable et subit une très forte concurrence européenne. Malgré des actions publiques et privées significatives pour stimuler les actions collectives, la coopération reste très faible dans la filière, et la capture de la valeur dans la supply chain est déséquilibrée entre les différents acteurs de la filière. S’il existe dans la littérature de nombreuses études sur les caractéristiques et les spécificités horticoles, il en existe très peu sur les caractéristiques comportementales des acteurs de la filière face à la coopération. Cette thèse, composée de trois études empiriques, vise plusieurs objectifs. Le premier est de définir les facteurs expliquant la faible coopération dans la filière horticole. Le deuxième est de caractériser les déterminants pour mettre en lumière les freins et les leviers à mettre en œuvre pour surmonter les obstacles. Enfin, le dernier objectif est de discuter des types d’actions collectives pour permettre aux acteurs de la filière de capturer une part plus importante de la valeur pour promouvoir une coopération pérenne. Nos études sont concentrées sur le cas de l’horticulture en France. Nous utilisons des données d’expériences de terrain qui mobilisent des jeux d’interactions stratégiques dont les choix reflètent des dilemmes sociaux, comme le jeu dilemme du prisonnier où l’intérêt individuel se retrouve confronté à l’intérêt collectif. Le premier chapitre montre l’existence d’un profil type d’horticulteurs à mobiliser pour mettre en place et développer les actions collectives. Mais cette première étude révèle aussi un comportement coopératif entravé par le biais du «meilleure que la moyenne». Les professionnels de la filière se jugent plus coopératifs que les autres, alors qu’en réalité ils ne le sont pas. Notre deuxième expérience les place dans une situation de bien commun dans un contexte de préservation de l’environnement et de la biodiversité. Nous montrons que l’identité de groupe permet dans un premier temps d’augmenter la coopération, tandis que les attitudes envers l’action collective dans le cadre de l’identité de groupe ont des impacts plus durables. Enfin, pour comprendre ce qui pourrait encourager la coopération dans la filière, nous avons conçu une expérience de terrain ayant pour contexte l’innovation ouverte. Nous avons comparé le comportement des professionnels face à la prise de risque et au partage de la valeur. Cette troisième étude permet de comprendre les obstacles à la coopération dans le cadre de l’incertitude des résultats des actions collectives et d’expliquer les motivations pour les surmonter. Nous discutons également des types d’actions collectives pour promouvoir la réciprocité pour une coopération pérenne dans la filière, comme la prise en compte des comportements de free rider dans la réalisation d’action collective. Nous montrons que malgré sa nécessité, la coopération reste faible et que les freins sont essentiellement de type psychologique et que sa prise en compte dans les mises en place des actions collectives publiques et/ou privés augmentent la coopérationIn a highly competitive international economic environment, cooperation is a crucial factor in fostering competitiveness. Although France is a major agricultural powerhouse, the French horticultural industry is vulnerable and subject to tough European competition. Despite significant public and private initiatives to stimulate collective action, cooperation in the industry remains very weak, and value capture in the supply chain is unbalanced between the different players in the industry. While there are numerous studies in the literature on the characteristics and specific features of horticulture, there are very few on the behavioral characteristics of the industry’s players when it comes to cooperation. This thesis, consisting of three empirical studies, has several objectives. The first is to define the factors behind the low level of cooperation in the horticultural industry. The second is to characterize the determinants to identify the obstacles and the levers to be implemented to overcome them. Finally, the last objective is to discuss the types of collective action that would enable players in the sector to capture a larger share of the value to promote sustainable cooperation. Our studies focus on the case of horticulture in France. We use data from field experiments that mobilize strategic interaction games whose choices reflect social dilemmas, such as the prisoner’s dilemma game where individual interest is confronted with collective interest. The first chapter shows the existence of a typical profile of horticulturists who can be mobilized to set up and develop collective actions. However, this first study also reveals a cooperative behavior hindered by the «better than average» bias. Professionals in the sector consider themselves to be more cooperative than others, when in fact they are not. Our second experiment involves them in a situation of common good in the context of environmental and biodiversity preservation. We show that group identity initially increases cooperation, while attitudes towards collective action in the context of group identity have more lasting impacts. Finally, to understand what might encourage cooperation in the industry, we designed a field experiment in the context of open innovation. We compared the behavior of professionals regarding risk-taking and value-sharing. This third study enables us to understandthe obstacles to cooperation in the context of uncertain outcomes of collective action and to explain the motivations for overcoming them. We also discuss types of collective action to promote reciprocity for sustainable cooperation in the industry, such as taking free rider behavior into account when carrying out collective action. We show that, despite its necessity, cooperation remains limited, the obstacles are essentially psychological, and taking it into account in the implementation of public and/or private collective actions increases cooperation
5
Manfrini, Luigi <1979>. "Precision horticulture: application on apple orchards." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1627/1/PhD_Thesis_Luigi_Manfrini.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Precision horticulture and spatial analysis applied to orchards are a growing and evolving part of precision agriculture technology. The aim of this discipline is to reduce production costs by monitoring and analysing orchard-derived information to improve crop performance in an environmentally sound manner. Georeferencing and geostatistical analysis coupled to point-specific data mining allow to devise and implement management decisions tailored within the single orchard. Potential applications range from the opportunity to verify in real time along the season the effectiveness of cultural practices to achieve the production targets in terms of fruit size, number, yield and, in a near future, fruit quality traits. These data will impact not only the pre-harvest but their effect will extend to the post-harvest sector of the fruit chain. Chapter 1 provides an updated overview on precision horticulture , while in Chapter 2 a preliminary spatial statistic analysis of the variability in apple orchards is provided before and after manual thinning; an interpretation of this variability and how it can be managed to maximize orchard performance is offered. Then in Chapter 3 a stratification of spatial data into management classes to interpret and manage spatial variation on the orchard is undertaken. An inverse model approach is also applied to verify whether the crop production explains environmental variation. In Chapter 4 an integration of the techniques adopted before is presented. A new key for reading the information gathered within the field is offered.
The overall goal of this Dissertation was to probe into the feasibility, the desirability and the effectiveness of a precision approach to fruit growing, following the lines of other areas of agriculture that already adopt this management tool. As existing applications of precision horticulture already had shown, crop specificity is an important factor to be accounted for. This work focused on apple because of its importance in the area where the work was carried out, and worldwide.
6
Manfrini, Luigi <1979>. "Precision horticulture: application on apple orchards." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1627/.
Full textAbstract:
Precision horticulture and spatial analysis applied to orchards are a growing and evolving part of precision agriculture technology. The aim of this discipline is to reduce production costs by monitoring and analysing orchard-derived information to improve crop performance in an environmentally sound manner. Georeferencing and geostatistical analysis coupled to point-specific data mining allow to devise and implement management decisions tailored within the single orchard. Potential applications range from the opportunity to verify in real time along the season the effectiveness of cultural practices to achieve the production targets in terms of fruit size, number, yield and, in a near future, fruit quality traits. These data will impact not only the pre-harvest but their effect will extend to the post-harvest sector of the fruit chain. Chapter 1 provides an updated overview on precision horticulture , while in Chapter 2 a preliminary spatial statistic analysis of the variability in apple orchards is provided before and after manual thinning; an interpretation of this variability and how it can be managed to maximize orchard performance is offered. Then in Chapter 3 a stratification of spatial data into management classes to interpret and manage spatial variation on the orchard is undertaken. An inverse model approach is also applied to verify whether the crop production explains environmental variation. In Chapter 4 an integration of the techniques adopted before is presented. A new key for reading the information gathered within the field is offered.
The overall goal of this Dissertation was to probe into the feasibility, the desirability and the effectiveness of a precision approach to fruit growing, following the lines of other areas of agriculture that already adopt this management tool. As existing applications of precision horticulture already had shown, crop specificity is an important factor to be accounted for. This work focused on apple because of its importance in the area where the work was carried out, and worldwide.
7
Mphahama, Litsoanelo Evodiah. "Institutional constraints to horticulture production and marketing." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/428.
Full textAbstract:
Lesotho has a land area of about 30.340 square kilometers and is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. Much of the country is mountainous. Its agricultural sector is characterized by low productivity due to erratic climatic conditions, limited arable land and fragile soils with a low water holding capacity. These conditions have proved very detrimental to crop production, rendering agriculture a risky economic activity. Numerous efforts have been made over the years to address the technical constraints confronting the sector, but nothing seems to be changing. The implication is that the technical/climatic factors mentioned above may be only part of the problem. The current situation whereby Lesotho imports nearly 95% of its domestic food requirements is unsustainable, but this desperate picture looks set to worsen with the continuing threats of contracting farm sizes and further declines in farmer participation rates. But this sector has continued to be an important source of household survival and existence. A study was designed and conducted during 2008 and 2009 to identify the institutional constraints to horticulture production in Lesotho, looking specifically at the obstacles to effective production and marketing of horticultural products. A total of 100 farming households were enumerated in four districts of the country, namely Butha Buthe, Berea, Mafeteng, and Thaba-Tseka. A range of institutional and non-price factors in the farming and marketing environment were incorporated in a binary choice model to investigate the degree of satisfaction of the farming households with their previous year’s farming results. To avoid selection bias in the sample, a probit model was chosen, and the Stata-10 software was used to estimate probit coefficients. The results provide indications that property rights, the agricultural extension service, the condition of the physical infrastructure, and distance to markets may be crucial elements threatening the existence of this sector in Lesotho. The difficulties in accessing markets and land remain important institutional constraints to horticulture production and marketing in Lesotho. Recommendations made on these issues include providing more policy support to homestead gardening and for these issues to be incorporated into the Vision 2020 process. Also to be included is the issue of addressing the growing national food insecurity and enhancing Basotho livelihoods in general.
8
Grenier, Gilbert. "Contribution au developpement de l'automatisation en horticulture." Paris, ENSAM, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENAM0006.
Full textAbstract:
Cette these presente la justification des recherches actuelles en matiere d'automatisation en serre horticole, et l'evolution en ce domaine. Partant de cette presentation l'auteur propose la definition d'une serre flexible au sens de facilement convertible d'une activite horticole ou maraichere vers une autre-, serre concue pour la manutention automatique. De meme il effectue une selection des differents moyens technologiques disponibles pour la realisation de robots de manutention horticoles, et propose un portrait-type de ces robots compatible avec la serre precedemment decrite. L'auteur presente ensuite la conception et la mise au point d'un module de traitement selectif adaptable sur robot de manutention. Il insiste sur les fonctions nouvelles proposees et sur la methode utilisee pour la mise au point d'un asservissement de pression: methode de simulation. Enfin il presente l'architecture informatique d'un systeme de manutention, la repartition de l'intelligence entre les elements du systeme et les fonctionnalites des modules logiciels en relation avec les contraintes specifiques de ce type de stockage
9
Chakraborty, Mita (bandyopadhyy). "Horticulture in West Bengal : a geographical analysis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1066.
Full text
10
McLoughlin, Patrick Henry Jr. "Macrophomina phaseolina and the Nature of its Relationship with Impatiens X Hybrida." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841492.
Full textAbstract:
Macrophomina phaseolina is a generalist ascomycetic fungal pathogen, capable of infecting over 500 genera of plants and limiting yield in crops grown in Mississippi. Recent documentation of M. phaseolina on Impatiens × hybrida, a newfound host, has merited multiple experiments to quantify the exact nature of this relationship. Despite M. phaseolina being a soil-borne pathogen, disease symptoms were only reported in aboveground tissue. Mode of infection experiments revealed both above and belowground tissues are susceptible to infection. In vitro experiments identified the optimal temperature for the growth of M. phaseolina to be 26°C, where more than 10x the accumulated biomass resulted compared to samples grown at 37°C. Impatiens × hybrida hosts were particularly prone to infection at temperatures above 27°C. In vitro fungicide assays revealed Banrot and T-Bird to be suitable chemical control agents for limiting M. phaseolina growth.
11
Robbins, Lisa Renee. "Natural Variability in Phenolic and Sesquiterpene Constituents Among Burdock (Arctium lappa L. and Arctium minus L.) Leaves for Potential Medicinal Interests." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366117332.
Full text
12
King, Jessica L. "The Development of an Efficient Method of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Expression in Soybean (Glycine max)." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366280516.
Full text
13
Gayek, Ann. "Effect of Habitat Variation on Rate and Success of Colonization of Two Invasive Shrubs, Lonicera Maackii and Ligustrum Vulgare, in a Forested Glen." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391593413.
Full text
14
Frey, Mark Nicholas. "Ecology and management of Alliaria petiolata." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399639081.
Full text
15
De, Jesus Susana. "Genetic alteration of plant secondary metabolism: modification, enhancement and characterization of pigments in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) fruit." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406714459.
Full text
16
Jeong, Ka Yeon. "Responses of six Begonia species to different fertilizer concentrations, substrate pH and shade levels." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407145710.
Full text
17
Diedrick, Keith A. "Reduced insecticide rates and host plant resistance for managing Potato Leafhopper in Alfalfa." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413291380.
Full text
18
Thomas, Laura Christine. "A replacement series analysis of the relative competitive abilities of the three North American prairie plants: Echinacea Purpurea, Ratibda Pinnata, and Panicum Virgatum." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413463755.
Full text
19
Li, Shouxin. "Evaluation and Improvement of Freezing Tolerance in Cold Sensitive Grape Genotypes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417627623.
Full text
20
Sari, Eka. "The Effects of CYC-B Introgressions on Cherry Tomato Fruit Quality." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469645306.
Full text
21
Richardson, Mark A. "Developing a certified public horticulture internship program in the United States." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 105 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755671&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
22
Lu, Wenliang Sibley Jeffrey Lynn. "Utilization of municipal solid waste compost in horticulture." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Dissertation/Lu_Wenliang_10.pdf.
Full text
23
Iyer, Ranjit R. "Expert system for tree selection in urban horticulture." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012148.
Full text
24
Sleeper, Adam Maxey Sibley Jeffrey Lynn Chappell Jesse Alan. "Integration of intensive aquaculture and horticulture crop production." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1953.
Full text
25
Marble, Stephen Christopher Sibley Jeffrey Lynn Gilliam Charles Homer. "Evaluation of composted poultry litter use in horticulture." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1918.
Full text
26
Bellenger, Moriah J. Fields Deacue. "Selected topics in Alabama's environmental horticulture industry the economic impact of Alabama's green industry and migrant labor in Alabama's horticulture industry /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/BELLENGER_MORAIH_40.pdf.
Full text
27
Muller, Jasper Lodewyk. "Pruning and pollination studies on southern highbush blueberries (V. corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids)." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17837.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Commercial production of the southern highbush blueberries (SHB) ‘Jewel’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Star’, ‘Snowchaser’ and ‘Bluecrisp’ started recently in the Western Cape. In South Africa, no research has been conducted on pruning and pollination of SHB, and various questions regarding these practices have arisen. Six experiments were conducted to evaluate the self-compatibility and the effect of cross-pollination on berry characteristics of ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Bluecrisp’ and ‘Snowchaser’. The effect of cross-pollination on fruit set, berry weight, berry diameter and fruit development period is cultivar dependant. ‘Bluecrisp’ appears self-incompatible and ‘Misty’ or ‘Emerald’ can be recommended as cross-pollinators. ‘Snowchaser’ seems self-compatible and solid block plantings can be recommended. ‘Misty’ and ‘Emerald’ would be recommended as cross-pollinators for ‘Star’ and ‘Jewel’ respectively, even though these cultivars will set an adequate crop when self-pollinated. Although ‘Emerald’ seem self-compatible, the fruit set tends to vary greatly and cross-pollination with ‘Jewel’, ‘Misty’ and ‘Bluecrisp’ is recommended to obtain early maturing berries of the required size. Another season’s data is required before final conclusions can be drawn. In order to establish sustainable summer pruning strategies for South African growing conditions that will maximise yield and berry quality for SHB, two pruning trials were conducted. In the first trial, the severity of pruning of ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’ and ‘Jewel’ was evaluated. We established that summer pruning is a compromise between total yield and desired berry size. All the pruning treatments reduced total vegetative growth and shoot number, but increased individual shoot length. Summer pruning increased berry weight and diameter by reducing total yield, but also by developing better quality bearing wood. Vigorous laterals stimulated by pruning seize growth later thereby delaying reproductive bud initiation and harvest. An increase in the severity of pruning increased the level to which the plants responded. No pruning and ‘light pruning’ gave the highest yields, but one more season’s data will clarify whether successive light pruning is sustainable. “Standard pruning” resulted in a well-balanced plant with an intermediate yield and berry size. Heading of one-year-shoots as part of the pruning strategy is not recommended for any of the cultivars. “Severe pruning” will only be recommended for young, newly established plantings where vegetative growth is the main objective. A second trial was conducted to study the effect of time of summer pruning. At Teeland, delaying pruning resulted in a decrease in total new growth and shoot number thereby reducing yield. This was probably due to progressively more buds that became endodormant. For all three cultivars, pruning as soon as possible after harvest would therefore be recommended. At Lushof, the effect of time of summer pruning was not significant. This could be due to the fact that plants were younger and more vigorous or because the area is warmer and growth continued for longer. One more season’s data is needed before any final conclusions are drawn.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommersiële verbouing van die “southern highbush” bloubessies (SHB) ‘Jewel’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Star’, ‘Snowchaser’ en ‘Bluecrisp’ is ’n nuwe ontwikkeling in die Wes-Kaap. In Suid-Afrika is nog geen navorsing oor die snoei en bestuiwing van SHB onderneem nie, en verskeie vrae het oor hierdie praktyke ontstaan. Ses eksperimente is gedoen om die self-verenigbaarheid, sowel as die effek van kruisbestuiwing op bessie-eienskappe van ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Bluecrisp’ en ‘Snowchaser’ te evalueer. Die effek van kruisbestuiwing op vrugset, bessiegewig, bessiedeursnee en vrugontwikkelingsperiode is kultivar spesifiek. ‘Bluecrisp’ blyk self-onverenigbaar te wees en kruisbestuiwing met ‘Misty’ of ‘Emerald’ word aanbeveel. ‘Snowchaser’ blyk self-verenigbaar te wees en suiwer blok aanplantings kan dus aanbeveel word. ‘Misty’ en ‘Emerald’ word onderskeidelik as kruisbestuiwers vir ‘Star’ en ‘Jewel’ aanbeveel, alhoewel beide kultivars ‘n goeie oes sonder kruisbestuiwing kan lewer. Vir ‘Emerald sal kruisbestuiwing met ‘Jewel’, ‘Misty’ of ‘Bluecrisp’ aanbeveel word, indien vroeë, groot bessies belangrik is. ’n Tweede seisoen se data word benodig om bogenoemde te bevestig voor finale aanbevelings gemaak kan word. Twee snoeiproewe is uitgevoer om volhoubare somersnoei-strategieë te ontwikkel wat die opbrengs en kwaliteit van bessies onder Suid-Afrikaanse groeitoestande sal maksimeer. In die eerste snoeiproef is die intensiteit van snoeisnitte vir ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’ en ‘Jewel’ ondersoek. Daar is vasgestel dat totale opbrengs en bessiegrootte teen mekaar opgeweeg moet word wanneer strafheid van snoei ge-evalueer word. Somersnoei verminder totale vegetatiewe groei en aantal nuwe lote, maar vermeerder lootlengte en bessiegrootte. Somersnoei het ‘n toename in bessiegrootte tot gevolg deur dat die totale opbrengs verminder, maar ook deur die kwaliteit van draende lote te verbeter. Meer groeikragtige lote gestimuleer deur somersnoei, staak verlengingsgroei later in die seisoen wat dan lei tot later bloknopinisiasie en oes. Geen snoei, sowel as “ligte snoei” het gelei tot die grootste opbrengs na die afloop van een seisoen, maar nog ‘n seisoen se data word benodig om vas te stel of dit volhoubaar is. “Standaard snoei’” lei tot ‘n goed gebalanseerde plant met ‘n gemiddelde opbrengs en bessiegrootte. “Harde snoei” sal slegs aanbeveel word vir nuwe aanplantings waar vegetatiewe groei die hoof prioriteit is. Om die tydsbereking van somersnoei aan te spreek, is ‘n tweede snoeiproef uitgevoer. Op Teeland, het ‘n uitstel van somersnoei gelei tot ‘n afname in vegetatiewe groei en aantal lote en dit het dan gelei tot ‘n afname in opbrengs. Hierdie was moontlik die gevolg van meer knoppe wat mettertyd in endodormansie ingegaan het. Op Lushof het die tydsberekening van somersnoei geen betekenisvolle effek gehad nie. Dit kan moontlik toegeskryf word aan die jonger, groeikragtige plante, of aan die langer groeiseisoen weens die warmer klimaat in die area. Nog ‘n seisoen se data word egter benodig voor enige finale gevolgtrekkings gemaak kan word.
28
Cheung, Kim-chung Terence. "An horticultural nursery + a Green HK promotion centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25954829.
Full text
29
Crocker, Jaime. "Compost as a Growth Substrate for Woody Ornamental Nursery Production." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/545.
Full textAbstract:
Peat is an expensive, environmentally nonrenewable component of media used to grow woody ornamental trees. Leaf compost from the city of Bowling Green is an inexpensive renewable resource that was substituted for peat in soil-less container media. Seeds of three commercially important tree species, Koelreuteria paniculata (goldenraintree), Quercus alba (white oak), and Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia) were grown in 473 mL bottomless milk containers for 150 days, then repotted to 3785 mL pots for 90 days. Media ratios were 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 parts commercial media to leaf compost from the Western Kentucky University Agricultural Research Center in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Destructive and nondestructive measurements were made at 90, 150, 210, and 240 days after planting (DAP). K. paniculata root weight, stem weight, leaf weight, leaf number, and stem height was higher at 90 DAP; stem and leaf growth increased at 210 DAP when grown in a media containing compost; thus it may be a good candidate for use in such a system. Q. alba growth was decreased by the addition of compost and does not appear to be a good candidate for proposed media. At 240 DAP, root weight decreased from 4.777g when grown in commercial media compared to 0.997g in leaf compost. Q. alba leaf number also decreased from 8.5 in commercial media to 0.5 with leaf compost. The results from M. grandiflora were mixed, and further classification is necessary. Media samples showed increased soil pH from 6.2 in the commercial mix to 8.5 in pure compost. Elevated pH and its associated availability of anions and cations likely was the greatest factor influencing growth of these trees. Economic analysis demonstrated that significant cost savings to the producer could be achieved by using compost as a media component.
30
Reynolds, Sarah. "The use of summer cover crops and composted broiler litter in fall organic vegetable production." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536140.
Full textAbstract:
Cover crops and composted broiler litter (CBL) are two organic methods used to improve soils and organic vegetable production. The objectives of this study included determining the extent summer cover crops and CBL alter nutrient availability in soil, determining how summer cover crops and CBL influence fall vegetable crops in organic production systems and identifying which cover crops/ CBL combinations improve fall vegetable crop production best. Four cover crops were tested: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), sesame (Sesamum indicum), sorghum sudan grass (Sorghum X drummondii) and a sunn hemp + sesame blend, in combination with four composted broiler litter rates: 0, 2,800, 5,600, 11,200 kg.ha -1 for two years. Few differences were seen among cover crop treatments except for the sorghum sudan grass treatment, which had negative effects on fall broccoli production unless combined with CBL. The CBL increased nutrient availability, percent organic matter, pH and broccoli yield as the rate increased.
31
Thériault, Frédéric. "Use of perennial leguminous living mulches for the fertilization of broccoli in an organic agriculture system." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21920.
Full textAbstract:
Use of alfalfa and red clover living mulches and green manures as alternative, biologically-based, means of fertilizing organic broccoli was studied. Both green manures increased broccoli head weight, hollow stem incidence, SPAD readings, total N content of the plants, and soil available N. These green manures can supply N to a broccoli crop in excess of the recommended dosage and produce satisfactory yields in organic production systems. Living mulches reduced broccoli yields (head weight and diameter), reduced N uptake (SPAD readings), even though they increased soil N availability (especially alfalfa). Living mulches appear to have the potential to supply N to broccoli, but cropping practices should be modified to limit competition. When row covers and living mulches are used together, the creation of a sheltered microenvironment provides better conditions for imported cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) larvae, which, in this experiment, were more abundant in living mulch plots.L'utilisation du trèfle rouge et de la luzerne en paillis vivant et en engrais vert pour la fertilisation biologique du brocoli a été testée. Les deux engrais verts ont augmenté le poids du brocoli, la présence de cœur creux, l'absorption d'azote (SPAD), l'azote total du brocoli et l'azote disponible du sol. Ces engrais verts peuvent fournir plus d'azote que les doses recommandées et assurer des rendements satisfaisants en régie biologique. Les paillis vivants ont diminué les rendements et l'absorption d'azote (SPAD), mais ont augmenté l'azote disponible du sol (surtout la luzerne). Les paillis vivants ont le potentiel de fournir de l'azote au brocoli, mais la régie doit être modifiée pour limiter la compétition. Lorsque des bâches flottantes sont utilisées en combinaison avec les paillis vivants, un micrœnvironnement est créé. Nous avons observé une plus grande abondance de Pieris rapae dans les paillis vivants.
32
Caralampides, Laura. "Effect of different fertilization levels on yield and lypocene content of field tomatoes." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110534.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examined the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization rates on field fresh-market tomato yield (cv. Florida 47), nutrient levels in leaves, fruits and soil, and fruit lycopene content. Yield and plant nutrient levels were not affected by N fertigation and soil nitrate level suggested leaching. The causes for leaching were site specific. High initial P levels affected plant nutrient content and soil pH influenced availability of nutrients in the soil. Yield showed a quadratic response to increasing P fertilization. High initial K soil levels affected foliar nutrients and there was no response to fertilization. However, for soils low in initial K the maximum yield was obtained with 160kg K2O ha-1. Lycopene content was maximized at 90 and 20 kg ha-1 of N and K, respectively for early harvests. Tomatoes harvested earlier in the season, at a more advanced ripening stage and with a shorter post-harvest period had significantly more lycopene.Cette thèse avait pour but d'identifier l'effet des taux de fertilisation dàzote (N), de phosphore (P) et de potassium (K) sur le rendement de tomate en champs (cv. Florida 47), la concentration en minéraux dans les feuilles, fruits et sol, ainsi que la teneur en lycopène des fruits. Le rendement et la teneur en éléments nutritifs des plantes n'ont pas été affectés par la fertigation d'azote. Aussi, le niveau de nitrates du sol suggère qu'il y a eu du lessivage. Les causes de lessivage étaient spécifiques au site. Les niveaux initiaux élevés de P ont affecté le contenu en éléments nutritifs des plants; aussi, le pH du sol a influencé la disponibilité des nutriments dans le sol. Le rendement a répondu de manière quadratique à l'augmentation des taux de fertilisation en P. Lorsque la teneur initiale en K était élevé, les concentrations foliaires étaient affectées, par contre il n'y avait pas de réponse à la fertilisation. Cependant, pour les sols à faible teneur en K le rendement maximal était obtenu avec l'application de 160kg K2O ha-1. La teneur en lycopène était maximisée à 90 et 20 kg ha-1 de N et K, respectivement, lors de la récolte plus hâtive. Les tomates récoltées plus tôt dans la saison, à un stade de maturation plus avancé et avec une plus courte période post-récolte avaient une plus haute teneur en lycopène.
33
Morales, Garcia Dagobiet. "The effects of saline irrigation water on the growth and development of bell pepper «Capsicum annuum L.)» grown using a plasticulture system." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32374.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity affects food production worldwide. Hence, appropriate management of saline water is important to reduce negative effects on plants, soils, and ultimately the groundwater. Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are moderately sensitive to salinity, and required a high water input to maximize yields. This project investigated the effects of varying levels of salinity (0.2 to 9.0 dS∙m−1) and the use of drip irrigation and mulching as water management for peppers. During fruit development, stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and photosynthesis (A) decreased as salinity increased. Mulched plants had higher gs, E and A than the ones grown in bare soil. Growth was reduced by salinity but increased by mulching. Saline water levels above the control (0.2 or 0.5 dS∙m−1) reduced marketable yield whereas mulched plants had higher marketable yields than plants grown in bare soil. Under limited salt leaching condition, mulched plants required less water at all levels of salinity than the ones grown in bare soil, resulting in less soil salinization. Effects of saline water on seedlings showed that final emergence was only reduced at salinities equal or greater than 3.5 dS∙m−1. In general, growth (dry weight) and rates of gs, E and A were reduced at salinities equal or greater than 2.5 dS∙m−1. Applying saline water (2.5 dS∙m−1) at different growth stages with limited salt leaching, showed that plants grown in bare soil were slower than mulched ones to recover normal physiology after periods of saline irrigation. Saline irrigation applied from fruit set onwards decreased marketable fruit production whereas mulched plants increased yields regardless of salineLa salinité affecte la production alimentaire partout dans le monde. Il est donc important de gérer adéquatement l'eau saline pour réduire les effets négatifs sur les plantes, le sol et les nappes souterraines. Le poivron (Capsicum annuum L.) est modérément sensible à la salinité et requiert une forte demande en eau pour maximiser les rendements. Ce projet visait à étudier les effets de différents niveaux de salinité (0.2 à 9.0 dS∙m−1) et l'utilisation de l'irrigation goutte-à-goutte et de paillis pour la gestion de l'eau dans les champs de poivrons. Pendant la formation des fruits, la conduction des stomates (gs), la transpiration (E) et la photosynthèse (A) ont diminué en fonction de l'augmentation de la salinité. Les plants sur paillis avaient de plus grandes gs, E et A que les plants sans paillis. La croissance était réduite par la salinité mais augmentait avec le paillis. L'eau saline (0.2 ou 0.5 dS∙m−1) a réduit le rendement vendable alors que les plants sur paillis avaient un meilleur rendement que les plants sans paillis. Sous des conditions limitées de lessivage des sels, les plants sur paillis ont nécessité moins d'eau à tous les niveaux de salinité que les plants sans paillis ce qui a réduit la salinisation du sol. Les effets de l'eau saline sur les semis ont réduit leur émergence seulement à des salinités de plus de 3.5 dS∙m−1. En général, la croissance (poids sec) et les niveaux de gs, E et A étaient réduits à 2.5 dS∙m−1. L'application d'eau saline (2.5 dS∙m−1) à différents stades de croissance, avec un lessivage des sels limité, a montré que les plants sans paillis croissaient plus lentement que les
34
Sivesind, Evan. "Selective flame weeding in vegetable crops." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95016.
Full textAbstract:
Flame weeding is a thermal weed control method that controls weeds through the application of extremely high temperatures. Field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2007 to determine weed and crop tolerance to flame weeding and to investigate effects on plant development, crop yield, and crop quality. Dose-response curves were constructed for weeds common to horticultural fields in Québec. Flame weeding was more effective in controlling dicot weeds than monocot weeds. Flame doses that reduced common lambsquarters density by 95% (LD95) ranged from 0.83 to 2.85 kg propane km-1 for plants at the cotyledon through the 6-leaf growth stage. LD95 values for redroot pigweed ranged from 1.19 to 2.72 kg propane km-1 for plants at the cotyledon through the 4-leaf growth stage. In shepherd's-purse, LD95 values for weeds at the cotyledon and the 2- to 5-leaf growth stage were 1.15 and 2.78 kg propane km-1, respectively. Control of monocot weeds was poor, with survival greater than 50% for all flame doses evaluated. Onion and broccoli were tolerant of a single flame weeding treatment, with yield losses observed only when flamed within 20 days after transplantation (DAT). Among weed-free treatments, onion was able to withstand up to six flame treatments without any detectable loss in yield. However, flame treatments alone were not able to provide sufficient weed control to maintain yields. Flame weeding had minimal effects on time to reach maturity, leaf and bulb development, pungency or quercetin concentration in onion. Broccoli tolerated up to four flame treatments in weed-free plots without yield reductions. Flame-only treatments had lower yields than the flamed, weed-free treatments in one of two years. Flame treatments had limited effects on the number of days to maturity, leaf development, and glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli. Yield losses in spinach and beets were observed when flamed at both the 4- and 6-leaf growth stages; however, no adverseLe pyrodésherbage est une technique de contrôle des adventices qui utilise l'application de températures extrêmement élevées. Des expériences on été menées de 2005 à 2007 pour déterminer la tolérance au pyrodésherbage des adventices et de différentes cultures maraîchères et pour évaluer les effets sur le rendement, le développement et la qualité des cultures. Des courbes de réponses au pyrodésherbage ont été construites pour certaines adventices communes au Québec. La technique a contrôlé plus efficacement les dicotylédones que les monocotylédones. Les doses de pyrodésherbage qui ont réduit le chénopode blanc de 95% (DL95) variaient de 0,83 à 2,85 kg propane km-1 pour les stades de croissance variant de cotylédons à 6 feuilles déployées. Les DL95 pour l'amarante à racine rouge se situaient entre 1,19 et 2,72 kg propane km-1 pour les stades de croissances variant de cotylédons à 4 feuilles déployées. Pour la bourse à pasteur, ces valeurs se situaient à 1,15 et 2,78 kg propane km-1 pour les stades de cotylédons et 2 à 5 feuilles déployées, respectivement. L'oignon et le brocoli ont toléré le pyrodésherbage; des pertes de rendements n'ont été observées que lorsque le traitement était effectué moins de 20 jours après transplantation. Dans les traitements sans adventices, l'oignon a été capable de résister jusqu'à six traitements de pyrodésherbage sans baisse observable de rendement. Toutefois, le pyrodésherbage seul a été insuffisant pour permettre un contrôle des adventices suffisant à maintenir le rendement. Le pyrodésherbage a eu un effet mineur sur la précocité, le développement des feuilles et du bulbe, l'âcreté ou la concentration de quercétine dans le bulbe. Le brocoli a été capable de résister jusqu'à 4 traitements de pyrodésherbage sans baisse observable de rendement dans les parcelles sans adventices. Les traitements incluant seulement le pyrodésherbage ont eu un rendement inf
35
Liplap, Pansa. "Respiration rate in transient period, its implication on the effect of hyperbaric pressure treatment; the treatment advantage in shelf life extension of various commodities." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121463.
Full textAbstract:
Postharvest losses of fresh fruit and vegetables are considerable if they are not properly handled. Hyperbaric pressure treatment is a physical treatment that has the advantages over other treatments in terms of treatment uniformity on the item and independent of its size and shape. Nevertheless, the response of fruit and vegetables to this technique has been little explored. Respiration rate (RR) has been previously proposed as an indicator to reveal the importance of hyperbaric pressure treatment. However, the real RR measured during the transient period of hyperbaric pressure treatment has been unknown because of the effect of dilution and the gas solubilisation. The main purposes of this study were: 1) to study the potential of hyperbaric pressure treatment (pressure levels ranging from 100 kPa to 900 kPa) to extend shelf life and maintain quality of different types of fruit and vegetables (i.e. sweet corn, avocado, lettuce and tomato) at room temperature (20 °C); and 2) to develop a method for measuring the RR of horticultural produce during the transient period. Hyperbaric pressure treatment generally reduced RR of the tested produce but the magnitudes are dependent on their type. Compared with storage at room conditions (100 kPa, 20 °C), hyperbaric pressure treatment reduced RR greatly in the case of sweet corn and avocado but the reduction was slight for lettuce and tomato. The reduced weight loss was a consistent effect of hyperbaric pressure treatment. The color, especially green, was found to change less for all types of produce. Hyperbaric pressure treatment at room temperature attenuated firmness loss of avocado, tomato and lettuce. The tastes of pressure-treated produce were maintained or not affected by post hyperbaric pressure treatment. Overall, hyperbaric pressure treatment preserved quality attributes of horticultural produce during treatment, resulting in shelf life extension and did not have any adverse effect on taste or appearance during storage or shelf holding periods.The effect of hyperbaric pressure treatment on biochemical compounds (antioxidants) and their antioxidant activities was studied using tomato. Hyperbaric treatment significantly affected lycopene content by inhibiting then enhancing its accumulation during treatment and ripening, respectively. Ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents, lipophilic antioxidant (LAA) and hydrophilic antioxidant (HAA) were not affected by hyperbaric pressure treatment. An experiment on the bacterial growth was conducted to investigate whether hyperbaric pressure treatment had direct impact on the behaviour of decay-causing bacteria or not. Results showed that hyperbaric pressure treatment at room temperature greatly reduced the growth behaviour of bacteria that cause soft rot in fruit and vegetables. This may in part explain the decay reduction of horticultural produce when treated with hyperbaric treatment.The real metabolic RRm in transient period was evaluated by considering gas dilution due to flushing system and solubilisation of CO2 in the flesh of the produce based on mass balance of CO2 in the system. The RRm in transient period was estimated by incorporating the initial RR of untreated fruits with the RR at equilibrium. The kinetics of RRm in transient period followed a negative exponential equation. The constant value (k) of the RRm model in transient period was found to decrease exponentially with the partial pressure of CO2 at equilibrium. It implicates the amount of gas solubilised and the time to reach equilibrium. The developed method should be validated with other produce for the determination of RRm during the transient period at the beginning of a hyperbaric treatment.Les pertes postrécoltes de fruits et légumes frais peuvent être considérables s'ils ne sont pas manipulés convenablement. Le traitement physique hyperbare (TH) a l'avantage, contrairement aux autres traitements, d'être uniforme et indépendant de la taille et de la forme du produit. La réponse des fruits et légumes à ce type de traitement a cependant été peu étudiée. Le taux de respiration (TR) est suggéré comme indicateur de l'efficacité du TH. Par contre, le taux réel de respiration durant la période de transitoire du TH avant d'atteindre l'équilibre est inconnu dû aux effets de dilution et de solubilisation des gaz. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude étaient : 1) étudier le potentiel du TH sur la prolongation de la durée de vie tablette et le maintien de la qualité de différents types de fruits et légumes considérant les aspects physiologique, biochimique et microbiologique; 2) développer une méthode de mesure du TR des divers types de produits horticoles durant la période de transitoire du traitement. Des essaies ont été réalisées en utilisant des pressions entre 100 kPa et 900 kPa sur le maïs sucré, l'avocat, la laitue et la tomate à la température de 20 °C. Les résultats ont montré que le TH réduisait le TR de façons différentes selon le type de produit; soit de manière plus importante pour le maïs sucré et l'avocat, mais peu pour la laitue feuille et la tomate lorsque comparé à l'entreposage à température ambiante et à pression normale (20 °C, 100 kPa). Toutefois, la réduction de la perte de poids a toujours été présente peu importe le produit traité. La couleur, surtout le vert, change moins que le témoin peu importe le produit traité. Le TH à température ambiante a réduit la perte de fermeté de l'avocat, la tomate et la laitue. Le goût des produits traités sous pression a été maintenu. En général, le TH préserve la qualité des produits horticoles durant le traitement, prolongeant leur durée de vie sans effets néfastes sur leur goût et leur apparence. Les effets du TH sur les composés biochimiques (antioxydants) et leur activité antioxydante ont été étudiés avec la tomate. Le TH a influencé considérablement le contenu en lycopène d'abord en limitant, puis en stimulant son accumulation durant le traitement et l'entreposage, respectivement. Les contenus en acide ascorbique, en phénols totaux, en antioxydants lipophiles (LAA) et hydrophiles (HAA) n'étaient pas affectés par le TH. Une expérience sur la croissance de bactéries pathogènes a été réalisée pour déterminer la présence d'effet du TH sur leur développement. Le TH réalisé à température ambiante a réduit considérablement la croissance de bactéries causant la pourriture molle. Ceci pourrait expliquer la réduction de pourriture chez les produits horticoles traités sous pression. Le taux de respiration métabolique réel (RRm) en période transitoire a été évalué en considérant la dilution du gaz durant le période de mise en régime du système et la solubilisation de CO2 dans la chair du produit basée sur un bilan de masse du CO2. Le RRm en période de transition a été estimé en incorporant le RR initial du produit non traité avec le RR à l'équilibre du produit traité. La dynamique du RRm en période de transition a suivi la forme d'une équation exponentielle négative. La valeur de la constante (k) du modèle de RRm a diminué exponentiellement lorsque la pression partielle du CO2 a atteint l'équilibre. La méthode développée devrait être validée sur d'autres produits pour déterminer la valeur du RRm durant la période transitoire située au début d'un traitement hyperbare.
36
Cook-Perrin, Christiane. "L'horticulture ornementale française face à l'internationalisation des échanges." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA007.
Full text
37
Bufé, Michael John. "The early physiological responses of three avocado (Persea americana Mill.) rootstocks to infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72845.
Full textAbstract:
Avocado is a globally significant fruit tree crop. However, Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc), is the primary limitation to production in most countries. This soil borne oomycete pathogen infects and damages avocado tree root systems, leading to canopy decline and reduced yields. The disease can be managed successfully in an integrated manner, but not totally eliminated. An important aspect of integrated control that could potentially provide a lasting solution is the use of Pc-resistant rootstocks. Although selection of these rootstocks is time-consuming, better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction may aid in defence marker identification which could enhance selection efficiency.
This study used Pc-susceptible and resistant rootstocks to examine the histological and/ or quantitative biochemical differences in callose, lignin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, phenolics, tyloses and gums in response to infection. This was the first quantitative study of callose and lignin deposition in R0.38, R0.06 and R0.09, and the first time Pc-resistance mechanisms were examined in R0.38.
Notably, the early pervasive growth of Pc into the stele of R0.38 concurred with its susceptibility to Pc. Although Pc-susceptible R0.38 produced more callose than Pc-resistant R0.06 at the earliest time point of 6 hours post inoculation (hpi), Pc-resistant R0.09 produced the most callose in the entire trial at the proposed biotrophic to necrotrophic switch of 12 hpi in Pc. This response in R0.09 is a potential biochemical resistance marker to Pc. There were no significant increases in lignin deposition in response to infection, but resistant rootstocks showed a significant decrease in lignin at 24 hpi, which may have been due to degradation by Pc. Hence the study of lignin is unlikely to aid defence marker identification. There were no significant changes in ROS production, possibly due to assay insensitivity, but all rootstocks did show significant changes in antioxidant production. This suggests that there may have been small changes in ROS, which could have been linked to defence signalling. Phenolics and gums were produced in greater abundance and earlier in R0.38, as compared to the resistant rootstocks, and hence they were not associated with resistance to Pc but possibly susceptibility. Therefore they are not useful in the search for resistance markers. The role of tyloses in defence against Pc was inconclusive, as tyloses were observed in both R0.38 and R0.09 at the same time point of 12 hpi.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
NRF
Hans Merensky
Plant Production and Soil Science
MSc (Agric: Horticulture)
Unrestricted
38
Case, Luke Thomas. "Herbicide-treated mulches for ornamental weed control." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399623802.
Full text
39
Chaléard, Jean-Louis Pélissier Paul. "Temps des villes, temps des vivres : l'essor du vivrier marchand en Côte d'Ivoire /." Paris : Éd. Karthala, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35808878h.
Full text
40
Leyva, Mancilla Cinthya. "Effects of crimper-rolled rye on weed establishment, insect relative abudance and transplanted organic broccoli productivity." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119547.
Full textAbstract:
Crimper-rolled winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) used as a cover crop mulch is a promising alternative for weed management in organic agriculture. In 2011 and 2012, I evaluated the effect of crimper-rolled rye on weed establishment, relative insect abundance and productivity of organic broccoli production (Brassica oleracea L. 'Diplomat'). Five management strategies were compared: crimper-rolled rye (R), crimper-rolled rye with additional manual weeding (RMA), mechanical weeding (ME), manual weeding (MA) and weedy control (no weeding performed) (W). Crimper-rolling successfully terminated the rye (>85 %) at the anthesis growth stage. The rye mulch limited daily soil surface temperature amplitude, particularly early in the season (mid-June), but did not affect growing degree units. The rye mulch had a tendency for attracting lower numbers of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and higher numbers of imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae L.) than treatments without rye. Few beneficial insects were quantified due to limitations in our sampling technique which underestimated their abundance. The rye mulch (R and RMA treatments) attracted carabid species of the Harpalus genus that prefer microclimates with higher humidity. In early 2012 (June 7th to June 20th), rye mulch suppressed weed emergence as much as the three pre-transplantation tills performed in the W, MA and ME treatments. However, rye mulch alone did not provide significantly higher weed control than the W treatment for the remainder of the season. Additional manual weeding in the rye mulch (RMA treatment) decreased the seasonal mean weed density to 72 % of that found in the R treatment but still provided unsatisfactory weed control. Broccoli productivity in the rye mulch was 7-13 % that of the ME treatment. Although crimper-rolled rye decreased production costs to 30 % the cost of the ME treatment and has the potential for providing important ecosystem services, using this technique for transplanted broccoli production is not recommended. The management practice needs to be optimized to provide better crop quality and yield and vegetable crops better suited to this mulch need to be identified.Le seigle d'automne (Secale cereale L.) roulé-crêpé utilisé comme culture de couverture est une alternative prometteuse pour la gestion des mauvaises herbes dans l'agriculture biologique. En 2011 et 2012, nous avons évalué l'effet du seigle roulé-crêpé sur la répression des mauvaises herbes, l'abondance des insectes et la productivité d'une culture de brocoli (Brassica oleracea L. 'Diplomat'). Cinq stratégies de gestion des mauvaises herbes ont été comparées : seigle roulé-crêpé (R), seigle roulé-crêpé avec désherbage manuel supplémentaire (RMA), désherbage mécanique (ME), désherbage manuel (MA) et témoin enherbé (W). Le roulage-crêpage a réussi à contrôler le seigle (>85 %) au stade anthèse. Le paillis de seigle a limité l'amplitude de la température quotidienne à la surface du sol, notamment en début de saison (mi-juin), mais n'a pas affecté le degré jour de croissance. Le paillis de seigle avait tendance à attirer un nombre moindre de la fausse-teigne des crucifères (Plutella xylostella L.) et un nombre plus élevé de la piéride du chou (Pieris rapae L.). Peu d'insectes bénéfiques ont été quantifiés possiblement à cause des limites de la technique d'échantillonnage qui sous-estimait leur abondance. Le paillis de seigle a attiré des espèces de carabes du genre Harpalus qui préfèrent un microclimat plus humide. En début de saison 2012, le paillis de seigle a supprimé l'émergence des mauvaises herbes autant que les trois hersages effectués avant la transplantation dans les traitements W, MA et ME. Toutefois, pour le reste de la saison, il n'a pas fourni une répression plus élevée des mauvaises herbes que le traitement W. Le traitement RMA a diminué la densité des mauvaises herbes à 72 % la densité de traitement R mais a toutefois fourni un contrôle insatisfaisante. Le rendement du brocoli dans le paillis de seigle a été de 7-13 % le rendement du traitement ME. Bien que le roulage-crêpage du seigle a eu un coût de 30 % celui du traitement ME et a le potentiel pour fournir des services écosystémiques importants, cette technique n'est pas recommandée pour une culture transplantée telle que le brocoli. Il est nécessaire que la méthode soit améliorée pour obtenir une meilleure productivité des cultures et que des cultures mieux adaptées à celle-ci soient identifiées.
41
com, nora_oyama@hotmail, and Noraisha Oyama. "Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091117.125236.
Full textAbstract:
As human population increases, the need for water increases in domestic, agricultural, industrial and urban sectors. Wastewater reuse after treatment is gaining acceptance world wide, as availability of fresh water sources decreases. However, it is also important to point out social and cultural differences that still exist in different pars of the world including those where reuse of wastewater for food production or any domestic use is not yet acceptable. The major concerns with effluent reuse are primarily its impact on human health and environmental risk. As a result, effluent reuse should be undertaken with caution after careful consideration of the potential impacts and risks.
This thesis examined the potential to use the hydroponics nutrient film technique to grow commercially important crops using secondary-treated domestic wastewater. The crops chosen were a fruit crop (Lycopersicon esculantum - tomato), a leafy crop (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla - silver beet) and a flower crop (Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation). Secondary-treated domestic wastewater was chosen because of the reduced risk of pathogen and heavy metal contamination in the crops and due to the guideline requirements for use of treated effluent for food crops. The possibility of using the effluent after the hydroponics treatment for further irrigation was also studied.
The ability of secondary-treated effluent to supply adequate nutrients to the crops was assessed relative to a commercially available hydroponics solution (Chapter 3). The amount of time the solution was left in the system (nutrient solution retention time) was dependant on the plant uptake of the solution. The results obtained showed that the nutrients in secondary treated effluent was adequate for the carnations, but not for the food crops. The food crops from both treatments were compared to the produce purchased from a supermarket. The food crops showed signs of nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen.
Based on the findings of the first experiment, the nutrient solution retention time was amended to 14 days. The carnations were not tested with the shorter nutrient solution retention time (NSRT) because they performed well in the previous trial with the longer nutrient solution retention time. The edible food crops performed better and did not show signs of nutrient deficiency when the nutrient solution retention time was reduced to 14 days.
Further statistical analysis was conducted with the data from Chapters 3 and 4. Nutrient and water balances were calculated and the possible reason that the plants grown in the 14-day nutrient solution retention time took up more water, was a result of increased nutrients and better growth. A simple model was constructed to calculate height of the plants using multiple regression. The model was validated against the data collected from this study.
The experiment conducted in Chapter 6 determined the nutritional quality of the food crops. The harvests from the wastewater and commercially available hydroponics solution were compared to produce purchased from a supermarket and tested for total caroteniods, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations. The nutritional quality of the wastewater grown produce was comparable to those grown in the hydroponic solution and those purchased.
The risk of pathogen contamination to food crops and the die-off of pathogens in the hydroponic channels were studied in Chapter 7. This was tested by spiking the commercial hydroponic medium with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and monitoring bacterial pathogen die-off in the secondary treated domestic wastewater. The pathogen quality of the crop was tested in all treatments as well as on organically grown produce found at a local supermarket. The results of this experiment did not show any contamination on the surface of the food crops or within the food crops.
This study demonstrated that growing tomatoes, silver beet and carnations using secondary-treated domestic wastewater was successful when the nutrient solution retention time was adjusted to the optimum level. In arid, developing and remote communities, this system is ideal as it conserves and reuses water for commercially important crops without compromising the health of the environment or of human beings. It can also be implemented in urban areas, as the system can be scaled according to the availability of space. In addition to this, the effluent after going through this system can be used for open irrigation as it meets the World Health Organisation guidelines.
However, a number of additional concerns need further investigation. They include the transmission risk of other types of pathogen, which depends on the source of wastewater, and the effects of hormones and antibiotics on food crops and their effect on human health.
42
Pickens, Jeremy Martin Sibley Jeffrey Lynn. "Evaluation of horticulture applications of light expanded clay aggregates." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Thesis/Pickens_Jeremy_57.pdf.
Full text
43
Simpson, Donna. "Salads, sweat and status : migrant workers in UK horticulture." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7601/.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on workplace ethnography at a farm in the East of England and interviews with former participants on the UK's temporary foreign worker programme, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme, this thesis contributes to understanding of the everyday work and living experiences of migrant workers in UK horticulture. In particular, it assesses the influence of supermarket-driven supply chains and of immigration status on these experiences. This thus reveals a labour process which is strongly shaped by structural factors, yet workers' agency is also shown to play an important part. The analysis is organised around working and living spaces. It first explores the living spaces of the camp in which migrant workers were required to reside as a result of the conditions attached to the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme. Such conditions, it is argued, give rise to both social and physical enclosure and thus to employers' control of migrant workers. Secondly, the thesis focuses on everyday work spaces, illustrating how migrants' work efforts are influenced by two features of production operating in UK food supply chains: just in time and total quality control. The role of surveillance and technology are shown to be important in habituating migrants' bodies and their work efforts. The analysis of spaces of work also reveals how the piece rate form of payment and uncertainty over rates of pay are used to gain workers' consent and intensification of work effort. Moreover, it contributes to understanding of the bodily effects of that effort. The thesis further explores leisure and consumption spaces away from the camp. These can be sites of stigma, racism and exclusion and simultaneously reveal the working of a transnational social field. The analysis of these spaces provides evidence of how immigration status and nationality can shape both migrants' own identities and how others perceive them.
44
Oyama, Noraisha. "Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture." Thesis, Oyama, Noraisha (2008) Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1679/.
Full textAbstract:
As human population increases, the need for water increases in domestic, agricultural, industrial and urban sectors. Wastewater reuse after treatment is gaining acceptance world wide, as availability of fresh water sources decreases. However, it is also important to point out social and cultural differences that still exist in different pars of the world including those where reuse of wastewater for food production or any domestic use is not yet acceptable. The major concerns with effluent reuse are primarily its impact on human health and environmental risk. As a result, effluent reuse should be undertaken with caution after careful consideration of the potential impacts and risks.
This thesis examined the potential to use the hydroponics nutrient film technique to grow commercially important crops using secondary-treated domestic wastewater. The crops chosen were a fruit crop (Lycopersicon esculantum - tomato), a leafy crop (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla - silver beet) and a flower crop (Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation). Secondary-treated domestic wastewater was chosen because of the reduced risk of pathogen and heavy metal contamination in the crops and due to the guideline requirements for use of treated effluent for food crops. The possibility of using the effluent after the hydroponics treatment for further irrigation was also studied.
The ability of secondary-treated effluent to supply adequate nutrients to the crops was assessed relative to a commercially available hydroponics solution (Chapter 3). The amount of time the solution was left in the system (nutrient solution retention time) was dependant on the plant uptake of the solution. The results obtained showed that the nutrients in secondary treated effluent was adequate for the carnations, but not for the food crops. The food crops from both treatments were compared to the produce purchased from a supermarket. The food crops showed signs of nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen.
Based on the findings of the first experiment, the nutrient solution retention time was amended to 14 days. The carnations were not tested with the shorter nutrient solution retention time (NSRT) because they performed well in the previous trial with the longer nutrient solution retention time. The edible food crops performed better and did not show signs of nutrient deficiency when the nutrient solution retention time was reduced to 14 days.
Further statistical analysis was conducted with the data from Chapters 3 and 4. Nutrient and water balances were calculated and the possible reason that the plants grown in the 14-day nutrient solution retention time took up more water, was a result of increased nutrients and better growth. A simple model was constructed to calculate height of the plants using multiple regression. The model was validated against the data collected from this study.
The experiment conducted in Chapter 6 determined the nutritional quality of the food crops. The harvests from the wastewater and commercially available hydroponics solution were compared to produce purchased from a supermarket and tested for total caroteniods, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations. The nutritional quality of the wastewater grown produce was comparable to those grown in the hydroponic solution and those purchased.
The risk of pathogen contamination to food crops and the die-off of pathogens in the hydroponic channels were studied in Chapter 7. This was tested by spiking the commercial hydroponic medium with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and monitoring bacterial pathogen die-off in the secondary treated domestic wastewater. The pathogen quality of the crop was tested in all treatments as well as on organically grown produce found at a local supermarket. The results of this experiment did not show any contamination on the surface of the food crops or within the food crops.
This study demonstrated that growing tomatoes, silver beet and carnations using secondary-treated domestic wastewater was successful when the nutrient solution retention time was adjusted to the optimum level. In arid, developing and remote communities, this system is ideal as it conserves and reuses water for commercially important crops without compromising the health of the environment or of human beings. It can also be implemented in urban areas, as the system can be scaled according to the availability of space. In addition to this, the effluent after going through this system can be used for open irrigation as it meets the World Health Organisation guidelines.
However, a number of additional concerns need further investigation. They include the transmission risk of other types of pathogen, which depends on the source of wastewater, and the effects of hormones and antibiotics on food crops and their effect on human health.
45
Oyama, Noraisha. "Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture." Oyama, Noraisha (2008) Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1679/.
Full textAbstract:
As human population increases, the need for water increases in domestic, agricultural, industrial and urban sectors. Wastewater reuse after treatment is gaining acceptance world wide, as availability of fresh water sources decreases. However, it is also important to point out social and cultural differences that still exist in different pars of the world including those where reuse of wastewater for food production or any domestic use is not yet acceptable. The major concerns with effluent reuse are primarily its impact on human health and environmental risk. As a result, effluent reuse should be undertaken with caution after careful consideration of the potential impacts and risks.
This thesis examined the potential to use the hydroponics nutrient film technique to grow commercially important crops using secondary-treated domestic wastewater. The crops chosen were a fruit crop (Lycopersicon esculantum - tomato), a leafy crop (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla - silver beet) and a flower crop (Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation). Secondary-treated domestic wastewater was chosen because of the reduced risk of pathogen and heavy metal contamination in the crops and due to the guideline requirements for use of treated effluent for food crops. The possibility of using the effluent after the hydroponics treatment for further irrigation was also studied.
The ability of secondary-treated effluent to supply adequate nutrients to the crops was assessed relative to a commercially available hydroponics solution (Chapter 3). The amount of time the solution was left in the system (nutrient solution retention time) was dependant on the plant uptake of the solution. The results obtained showed that the nutrients in secondary treated effluent was adequate for the carnations, but not for the food crops. The food crops from both treatments were compared to the produce purchased from a supermarket. The food crops showed signs of nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen.
Based on the findings of the first experiment, the nutrient solution retention time was amended to 14 days. The carnations were not tested with the shorter nutrient solution retention time (NSRT) because they performed well in the previous trial with the longer nutrient solution retention time. The edible food crops performed better and did not show signs of nutrient deficiency when the nutrient solution retention time was reduced to 14 days.
Further statistical analysis was conducted with the data from Chapters 3 and 4. Nutrient and water balances were calculated and the possible reason that the plants grown in the 14-day nutrient solution retention time took up more water, was a result of increased nutrients and better growth. A simple model was constructed to calculate height of the plants using multiple regression. The model was validated against the data collected from this study.
The experiment conducted in Chapter 6 determined the nutritional quality of the food crops. The harvests from the wastewater and commercially available hydroponics solution were compared to produce purchased from a supermarket and tested for total caroteniods, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations. The nutritional quality of the wastewater grown produce was comparable to those grown in the hydroponic solution and those purchased.
The risk of pathogen contamination to food crops and the die-off of pathogens in the hydroponic channels were studied in Chapter 7. This was tested by spiking the commercial hydroponic medium with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and monitoring bacterial pathogen die-off in the secondary treated domestic wastewater. The pathogen quality of the crop was tested in all treatments as well as on organically grown produce found at a local supermarket. The results of this experiment did not show any contamination on the surface of the food crops or within the food crops.
This study demonstrated that growing tomatoes, silver beet and carnations using secondary-treated domestic wastewater was successful when the nutrient solution retention time was adjusted to the optimum level. In arid, developing and remote communities, this system is ideal as it conserves and reuses water for commercially important crops without compromising the health of the environment or of human beings. It can also be implemented in urban areas, as the system can be scaled according to the availability of space. In addition to this, the effluent after going through this system can be used for open irrigation as it meets the World Health Organisation guidelines.
However, a number of additional concerns need further investigation. They include the transmission risk of other types of pathogen, which depends on the source of wastewater, and the effects of hormones and antibiotics on food crops and their effect on human health.
46
Rowley, Sean D. "Phosphorus and Potassium Fertility Management for Maximizing Tart Cherry Fruit Quality and Productivity on Alkaline Soils." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1518.
Full textAbstract:
Suitable orchard land in regions of high elevation, arid climates, and alkaline soil conditions is becoming more limited due to urban sprawl. With the loss of suitable farmland, increasing input costs, and the lack of sound fertility information for these regions, fruit growers face challenges in producing high quality fruit to meet local and general market demand. The question that arises is whether fruit growers can supply sufficient quantities of quality fruit to take full advantage of local and global demand. Government data for population, fruit production, and fruit consumption in Utah were reviewed to determine the potential size of the local market, and determine whether growers have opportunities to increase production to meet unsatisfied demand for high quality local produce. In addition to market analysis, fertility-based management strategies are needed to optimize yield and fruit quality in production areas of high elevation, arid climates, and alkaline soils. Three different approaches were used to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on tart cherry fruit quality and yield at high elevations, arid climate conditions, and in alkaline soils. The approaches of this study include: a rate-response evaluation using the industry-standard Triple-16 fertilizer (16-16-16), and comparison of P and K fertilizer formulations to determine the most cost effective sources of these nutrients with regard to yield and fruit quality. Additions of P and K maintained adequate yield and fruit quality, but showed no significant difference among treatments, where historically aggressive nutrient management had been practiced. Fertilizer additions did result in a significant increase in yield and fruit quality where nutrient management programs were historically much less aggressive. There is no advantage of higher cost fertilizer formulations over standard low-cost sources (i.e.; Triple-16). Moreover, there is no significant advantage to splitting fertilizer application over time during the growing season. An analysis of government data indicates that, over the past 40 years, Utah has become a net importer of apples (1997), peaches (1987), and sweet cherries (2005), indicating increased local market opportunities. Increasing the fruit supply to the local market can best be accomplished by increasing yields and fruit quality on existing orchard acreage. Optimizing annual P and K nutrient management is an important key to maximizing yield and fruit quality. The results provide foundational guidelines of nutrient management for optimizing tart cherry production and fruit quality under regionally specific conditions.
47
Mupambi, Giverson. "Studies to reduce the size of the navel-end opening of navel oranges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4340.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric (Horticulture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The size of the navel-end opening is an important parameter for external fruit quality in navel oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to increase the percentage of closed navel-ends and reduce the size of the navel-end opening was conducted on six different navel orange cultivars. Treatments were applied at full bloom (FB), 100% petal drop (PD), as well as 2 weeks (2 WAPD) and 4 weeks after 100% petal drop (4 WAPD), at 15 mg·L-1 to 45 mg·L-1, to determine the most effective timing and concentration. The application of 2,4-D at FB consistently decreased the average navel-end size (all fruit) and increased the percentage of closed navel-ends in all the cultivars, with later applications at PD, 2 WAPD and 4 WAPD being generally ineffective, regardless of the concentration applied. There were no major negative side effects on internal and external fruit quality, except for the reduction in juice content (%), especially with the later treatments. Therefore, 15 mg·L-1 2,4-D at FB can be applied to increase the percentage of closed navel-ends and possibly increase export packouts. Navel oranges have a small secondary fruit located inside the primary fruit at the stylar-end and an opening at the stylar-end called the navel-end opening or the stylar-end aperture. Fruit growth and development was studied in three navel orange cultivars by measuring the primary fruit diameter, the secondary fruit diameter and the navel-end opening fortnightly, using both destructive and non-destructive sampling methods. The relationships between the primary fruit size, the secondary fruit size and the navel-end opening size were studied using correlation analysis. In addition, the effect of 2,4-D on fruit morphology, when applied as a treatment to reduce the size of the navel-end opening, was also evaluated on the same cultivars. The primary fruit, the secondary fruit and the navel-end opening followed a similar developmental pattern, although the navel-end opening developed later, about six weeks after FB. The primary fruit size was not related to the size of the secondary fruit or the navel-end opening. Similarly, the size of the navel-end opening was not related to the size of the secondary fruit. No negative effects were noted on the primary fruit morphology when 2,4-D was applied. Fruit splitting is a major physiological disorder of ‘Marisol’ Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit. The effect of application of 2,4-D on fruit splitting and fruit quality was evaluated on ‘Marisol’ Clementine mandarin trees grafted on Troyer citrange rootstock. Treatments included an untreated control, 2,4-D applied at 15 mg·L-1 or 25 mg·L-1 at FB and 15 mg·L-1 or 25 mg·L-1 at PD. The application of 2,4-D reduced fruit splitting in ‘Marisol’ Clementine fruit. Internal fruit quality was not affected by the treatments, however, the fruit developed a coarse rind due to enlarged oil glands and the styles stayed attached on the fruit until harvest. Therefore, although 2,4-D reduced fruit splitting, it cannot be recommended at the timings and concentrations evaluated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die grootte van die nawel-ent opening is ‘n belangrike parameter vir eksterne vrugkwaliteit van nawel lemoene [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Die toediening van 2,4-dichlorofenoksie asynsuur (2,4-D) om die persentasie geslote nawel-ente te vermeerder en die grootte van die nawel-ent opening te verklein is uitgevoer op ses verskillende nawel lemoen kultivars. Behandelings is toegedien by volblom (FB), 100% blomblaarval (PD), asook 2 weke (2WAPD) en 4 weke na 100% blomblaarval (4 WAPD), teen 15 mg·L-1 tot 45 mg·L-1, om die mees effektiewe tyd van toediening en konsentrasie te bepaal. Die toediening van 2,4-D by FB het herhaaldelik die gemiddelde nawel-ent grootte (alle vrugte) verminder en die persentasie geslote nawel-ente vermeerder in al die kultivars, terwyl die later toediening by PD, 2 WAPD en 4 WAPD oor die algemeen nie effektief was nie, ongeag die konsentrasie toegedien. Daar was geen noemenswaardige negatiewe effekte op interne en eksterne vrugkwaliteit nie, behalwe vir ‘n verlaging in die sapinhoud (%) van vrugte, veral by die later behandelings. Dus kan 15 mg·L-1 2,4-D by FB toegedien word om die persentasie geslote nawel-ente te vermeerder en moontlik ook die uitvoerpersentasie te verhoog. Nawel lemoene het ‘n klein sekondêre vrug binne die primêre vrug aan die styl-ent en ‘n opening by die styl-ent wat die nawel-ent opening of die styl-ent opening genoem word. Die vruggroei en ontwikkeling van drie nawel kultivars is bestudeer deur die primêre en sekondêre vrugdeursnit en die nawel-ent opening elke twee weke te meet, deur gebruik te maak van destruktiewe en niedestruktiewe monsterneming. Die effek van 2,4-D op vrugmorfologie, toegedien as ‘n behandeling om die nawel-ent grootte te verklein, is ook ge-evalueer op dieselfde kultivars. Die primêre vrug, die sekondêre vrug en die nawel-ent opening het dieselfde ontwikkelingspatroon gevolg, alhoewel die nawel-ent opening later ontwikkel het. Daar was geen sterk verwantskap tussen die primêre vruggrootte en die sekondêre vruggrootte of die grootte van die nawel-ent opening nie. Daar was ook nie ‘n vewantskap tussen die grootte van die nawel-ent opening en die sekondêre vruggrootte nie. Geen negatiewe effekte op vrugmorfologie as gevolg van die 2,4-D toediening is waargeneem nie. Vrugsplit is ‘n belangrike fisiologiese abnormaliteit van ‘Marisol’ Clementine (Citrus reticulata) vrugte. Die effek van 2,4-D op vrugsplit en vrugkwaliteit is ge-evalueer op ‘Marisol’ Clementine mandaryn bome op Troyer citrange onderstamme. Die behandelings het ‘n onbehandelde kontrole, 2,4-D toegedien teen 15 mg·L-1 of 25 mg·L-1 by FB en 15 mg·L-1 of 25 mg·L-1 by PD ingesluit. Die toediening van 2,4-D het vrugsplit verminder. Interne vrugkwaliteit was nie geaffekteeer deur die behandelings nie, maar die vrugte het ‘n growwe skil ontwikkel as gevolg van vergrote oliekliere en die style het aangeheg gebly aan die vrugte tot oestyd. Dus, alhoewel 2,4-D vrugsplit verminder het, kan dit nie aanbeveel word teen die tyd van toediening en konsentrasie soos ge-evalueer in hierdie studie nie.
48
Hamadziripi, Esnath Tatenda. "The effect of canopy position on the fruit quality and consumer preference of apples." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71624.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We aimed to determine how canopy microclimate influences fruit quality and consumer preference in apples. Our postulate was that consumer preference would be higher for the taste, but not necessarily for the appearance of outer canopy fruit. Outer canopy fruit, exposed to higher irradiance and temperatures, accumulated more phenolics and ascorbic acid, and had higher antioxidant capacities in their peel compared to inner canopy fruit. Phenolic levels and antioxidant capacity were also higher in the flesh of outer canopy fruit while ascorbic acid was higher in the flesh of outer canopy ‘Granny Smith’. From a marketing perspective, outer canopy fruit can be seen as possessing greater potential health benefits. Outer canopy fruit were higher in dry matter content (DMC), sugars and TSS, but lower in TA in the first season of the study. The sweeter and less sour taste of outer canopy fruit was preferred in all three cultivars over two years of study. Sunburnt fruit were higher in DMC, TSS:TA ratio, lower in TA and were perceived to be the sweetest, least sour and lowest in apple flavour and textural attributes. The effect of canopy position on apple flavour and textural attributes was inconsistent. The redder outer canopy ‘Starking’ fruit were preferred by consumers because this cultivar is marketed with full red colour. The appearance of blushed, outer canopy ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, and sunburnt ‘Golden Delicious’ were not preferred by consumers. Consumers are not familiar with such fruit. Blushed ‘Granny Smith’ is downgraded and sometimes sold at a lower price while sunburnt apples are processed or dumped depending on sunburn severity. The consistency of these results was investigated in one season for ‘Golden Delicious’ from five locations. The consumer taste preference differential for inner and outer canopy fruit diminished as canopy size decreased. This indicates that there generally would be no benefit in harvesting and marketing outer and inner canopy ‘Golden Delicious’ separately. We investigated the effect of familiarity on consumer preference by utilising an “experienced” consumer group of farm labourers from Ceres who are familiar with all fruit on a tree compared to an “inexperienced” consumer group of Stellenbosch consumers who are only exposed to fruit on the commercial market and eat apples less frequently. Both groups preferred the taste and appearance of outer canopy ‘Starking’. The taste of sunburnt fruit was preferred by a substantial segment of both consumer groups, but the appearance was preferred by only some Ceres consumers. A small segment of Ceres consumers preferred the taste and appearance of the blushed outer canopy ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ while some Stellenbosch consumers preferred the taste of outer canopy ‘Golden Delicious’, but not ‘Granny Smith’. Therefore, Ceres consumers who are more familiar with the taste attributes of sunburnt and blushed fruit of green cultivars have a higher preference for the appearance of these fruit. Based on our results, fruit marketers may be able to develop niche markets for outer canopy and sunburnt ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons het ondersoek hoe vrugkwaliteit en verbruikersvoorkeur in appels deur die blarekoepel mikroklimaat beïnvloed word. Ons vermoede was dat verbruikersvoorkeur hoër sou wees vir die smaak, maar nie noodwendig vir die voorkoms van vrugte aan die buitekant van die boom (buitevrugte) nie. Buitevrugte was blootgestel aan hoër ligstraling en temperature en hul skil het meer fenole en askorbiensuur geakkumuleer asook hoër antioksidantkapasiteit gehad vergeleke met binnevrugte. Fenole en die antioksidantkapasiteit was ook hoër in die vleis van buitevrugte terwyl askorbiensuur hoër was in die vleis van ‘Granny Smith’ buitevrugte. Vanuit bemarkingsperspektief kan buitevrugte gesien word as vrugte met hoër potensiële gesondheidsvoordele. Buitevrugte was hoër in droë materiaal inhoud (DMC), suikers en TSS, maar laer in TA, laasgenoemde slegs in die eerste seisoen van die studie. Verbruikers het die soeter en minder suur smaak van buitevrugte verkies in beide jare van die studie. Vrugte met sonbrand was hoër in DMC, TSS:TA verhouding, laer in TA en was die soetste, minste suur en laagste in appelgeur en tekstuureienskappe. Die effek van blaredakposisie op appelgeur en tekstuureienskappe was variërend. Verbruikers het die rooier buitevrugte van ‘Starking’ verkies. Ons reken dit is omdat hierdie kultivar as ‘n volrooiappel bemark word. Verbruikers het minder van die voorkoms van rooiblos ‘Granny Smith’ en ‘Golden Delicious’ asook van ‘Golden Delicious’ met sonbrand gehou. Verbruikers is nie vertroud met sulke vrugte nie. Rooiblos ‘Granny Smith’ appels word afgradeer en word soms teen laer pryse verkoop terwyl sonbrand appels geprosesseer of uitgeskot word afhangend van die graad van sonbrand. Die konsekwentheid van ons resultate is ondersoek met ‘Golden Delicious’ van vyf lokaliteite. Die smaakvoorkeur differensiaal tussen binne- en buitevrugte het afgeneem met afname in boomgrootte. Oor die algemeen sou daar dus geen voordeel wees om ‘Golden Delicious’ binne- en buitevrugte apart te oes en te bemark nie. Ons het die effek van vertroudheid op verbruikervoorkeur ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van “ervare” verbruikergroep bestaande uit plaasarbeiders in Ceres en “onervare” verbruikersgroep van Stellenbosch. Die Ceres verbruikers is vertroud met al die appels op die boom vergeleke met die Stellenbosch verbruikers wat net blootstelling het aan vrugte op die kommersiële mark en ook minder gereeld appels eet. Beide verbruikersgroepe het die voorkoms en smaak van ‘Starking’ buitevrugte verkies. Substansiële segment van beide verbruikersgroepe het die smaak van sonbrand vrugte verkies, maar die voorkoms van hierdie vrugte is slegs deur sommige Ceres verbruikers verkies. Klein segment Ceres verbruikers het die smaak en voorkoms van ‘Granny Smith’ en ‘Golden Delicious’ buitevrugte verkies terwyl sommige Stellenbosch verbruikers die smaak van ‘Golden Delicious’, maar nie ‘Granny Smith’ buitevrugte verkies het nie. Ceres verbruikers is meer vertroud met die smaakeienskappe van sonbrand en blosvrugte van groen kultivars en het gevolglik hoër voorkeur vir die voorkoms van hierdie vrugte. Gebaseer op ons resultate kan bemarkers moontlik nismark vir gebloste en sonbrand ‘Golden Delicious’ vrugte ontwikkel.
49
Nelson, Jason Scott. "Organic and inorganic fertilization with and without microbial inoculants in peat-based substrate and hydroponic crop production." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15574.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Kimberly A. Williams
Liquid organic fertilizers and microbial inoculants of beneficial microorganisms are garnering interest from commercial greenhouse growers who seek to produce crops more sustainably, but research about their efficacy is limited and results are conflicting. This research focused on comparing the effect of microbial inoculant addition in two soilless crop production systems under organic versus conventional fertilization. Two experiments were conducted with impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) in a peat-based substrate and four experiments were conducted with butterhead lettuce (Latuca sativa) in nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponics. In the impatiens studies, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were incorporated pre-plant equally across treatments using OsmocoteTM, or organic fertilizers Bloodmeal or Feathermeal. An inorganic constant liquid feed (CLF) was also evaluated. Microbial inoculants that contained a variety of beneficial species, including Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. were drench-applied at the beginning of the cropping cycle. Impatiens growth was comparable between the nutrient regimens in one of the studies. CO2 respiration was measured on substrate samples. At a 5X application rate, inoculants contributed to subtle increases in plant growth in organic treatments, but microbial activity was unaffected as measured by CO2 respiration. However, organic nutrient sources contributed to higher CO2 respiration at day 7 of the production cycle compared to inorganic nutrient sources. The hydroponic trials consisted of inorganic and organic nutrient regimens, evaluated with and without microbial inoculant addition. Nutrient analyses and CO2 respiration of the nutrient solutions were collected. Use of inoculants resulted in increased plant growth when used in organic nutrient regimens in some trials. Plant dry weight and CO2 respiration in the inorganic nutrient regimens were increased in certain instances with inoculant addition. No differences in mycorrhizal root colonization were observed in either nutrient regimen with mycorrhizal inoculant addition. Petiole NO3-N concentration of lettuce plants grown with inorganic nutrient sources was greater than that of plants in organic regimens. Organic fertilizers and inoculant products resulted in comparable or positive impacts on plant growth and food crop quality in some treatment scenarios in these studies. The specific circumstances of crop production systems dictate whether plant growth response may occur from inoculant incorporation.
50
Lebese, Thabiso C. "Influence of crop based water and nutrient strategies on physiological aspects of apple trees ‘Brookfield Gala’." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1401.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD(Agric) (Horticulture))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.It is a common practise in the Western Cape to use micro sprinklers as the standard irrigation system for apple trees. Over the past forty years much effort has been put into the optimisation of the tree canopy. Less attention has been given to root proliferation, and the question as to whether root stimulation and proliferation, through intensive water and nutrient management, can contribute towards improved tree efficiency and more efficient water use. This is addressed in this study. ‘Brookfield Gala’ apple trees were studied in the Genadendal area near Greyton, in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The trees were planted in Dundee soil (well aerated sandy loam soil) during winter 2003. Both horticultural aspects (tree growth, shoot growth, fruit yield and quality, trunk circumference and root growth) and gas exchange were studied from 2004/5 until 2007/8 under three different water application strategies, namely micro sprinkler irrigation, daily drip and pulsing drip irrigation and using two different rootstocks: M793 and M7. Irrigation under micro sprinkler irrigation was applied once to three times weekly, daily drip irrigation once daily/twice daily, and pulsing drip irrigation one to six times daily. Water use for bearing apple trees was calculated using long-term evaporation data (for Villiersdorp and Caledon) and existing crop factors for apples. Annual nutrient requirements were adapted from literature and divided percentage-wise into the requirements for five different phenological stages. Soil sensors were used to keep plant available soil water between 100% and 50%. A computer software program was used to incorporate all the above mentioned information and calculate the exact amounts of water and nutrients, and the application times. In general, drip irrigation systems used ±26% less water than micro sprinkler irrigation system. Significantly higher fruit yields were obtained with trees under daily or pulsing drip irrigation than those under micro irrigation during 2005/6 and 2007/8. During 2006/7 the crop load was low due to unfavourable weather conditions during flowering, resulting in poor fruit set and no differences in yield. There was a significantly higher number of thin plus medium roots (3mm and less in diameter) in the 0─400mm rooting zone and total root mass at 0─800mm rooting zone under drip irrigation systems than under micro sprinkler irrigation. Brookfield Gala’ apple trees grown under daily drip irrigation and pulsing drip irrigation performed better compared to those grown under micro sprinkler irrigation with respect to CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE) and leaf water potential. None of the three irrigation systems affected the biochemical efficiency of the leaf significantly, except on a few occasions during the pre-harvest period. This implied that the changes in leaf biochemical efficiency were as a result of both stomatal and non-stomatal effects (temperature and vapour pressure deficit). The removal of fruit at harvest had a great influence on leaf photosynthetic capacity under micro irrigation but less so under drip irrigation systems. Higher chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations were observed under drip irrigation systems than under micro sprinkler irrigation, implying efficient biochemical efficiency under these systems compared to micro sprinkler irrigation during the post-harvest period. Use of daily drip irrigation and pulsing drip irrigation delayed the process of leaf ageing. This study demonstrated the benefits of more intensive water and nutrient application for apple trees. Improved root proliferation, increased fruit yield and photosynthetic efficiency have been found under drip irrigation system than under micro sprinkler irrigation.