Journal articles: 'Ancient varieties'

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Jandurová, O. M., and R. Casal. "Successful reintroduction of ancient grape varieties in the Czech Republic." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, Special Issue (March 31, 2010): S19—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2674-cjgpb.

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 Changes in the law have allowed Czech vintners to produce land wines from some ancient varieties. There is the chance now for the reintroduction of such varieties, when we can clearly explain the pros and cons of these varieties in comparison with the common varieties; plus be able to indicate the possible benefits for those vintners who start to plant these ancient varieties. The successful reintroduction of these ancient varieties could enlarge the selection of wines for sale, and represents an alternative way of storing genetics resources, similar to on-farm conservation.  

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Pourazari, F., G. Vico, P. Ehsanzadeh, and M. Weih. "Contrasting growth pattern and nitrogen economy in ancient and modern wheat varieties." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (September 2015): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-260.

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Pourazari, F., Vico, G., Ehsanzadeh, P. and Weih, M. 2015. Contrasting growth pattern and nitrogen economy in ancient and modern wheat varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 851–860. Nutrient availability, especially nitrogen (N) availability, is a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. Modern crop varieties often produce high yields under high resource availability, whereas ancient varieties are expected to have characteristics more suitable under low resource availability. To test this expectation, we compared the growth and N use efficiency (NUE) of some varieties of ancient hulled wheat, Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccum, and modern free-threshing wheat, T. aestivum and T. turgidum spp. durum. The wheats were grown under different nutrient fertilization (F) levels in two contrasting environments (field in Iran and outdoor growth container in Sweden). Grain yield was significantly higher in modern varieties than in ancient varieties, regardless of fertilization level. In contrast, N uptake efficiency (i.e., mean N in the plant during the main growth period over N in the initial seed grain) and grain N concentration were generally higher in the ancient varieties. Nitrogen use efficiency, defined as the ratio of the grain N content to the sown seed N content, was higher in the ancient varieties only at lower nutrient supply, because in modern varieties higher nutrient supply resulted in a marked increase in NUE through greatly enhanced grain-specific N efficiency (grain yield per mean plant N content during the main growth period). The modern varieties also showed greater fertilization responses in above-ground biomass and leaf area than ancient varieties. The results are relevant in the context of wheat breeding for nutrient use efficiency.

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Berni, Roberto, Claudio Cantini, Massimo Guarnieri, Massimo Nepi, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero, Marco Romi, and Giampiero Cai. "Nutraceutical Characteristics of Ancient Malus x domestica Borkh. Fruits Recovered across Siena in Tuscany." Medicines 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010027.

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Background: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to lowering the risk of chronic diseases. The fruits of Malus x domestica are a rich dietary source of bioactive compounds, namely vitamins and antioxidants, with recognized action on human health protection. Tuscany is known for its rich plant biodiversity, especially represented by ancient varieties of fruit trees. Particularly noteworthy are the many ancient Tuscan varieties of apple trees. Methods: Sugar quantification via HPLC and spectrophotometric assays to quantify the antioxidant power and total polyphenol content revealed interesting differences in 17 old varieties of Malus x domestica Borkh. recovered in Siena (Tuscany). Results: The quantification of antioxidants, polyphenols, and the main free sugars revealed that their content in the old fruits was often superior to the widespread commercial counterparts (‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’). Such differences were, in certain cases, dramatic, with 8-fold higher values. Differences were also present for sugars and fibers (pectin). Most ancient fruits displayed low values of glucose and high contents of xylitol and pectin. Conclusions: The results reported here suggest the possible use of ancient apple varieties from Siena for nutraceutical purposes and draw attention to the valorization of local old varieties.

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Sut, Stefania, Gokhan Zengin, Filippo Maggi, Mario Malagoli, and Stefano Dall’Acqua. "Triterpene Acid and Phenolics from Ancient Apples of Friuli Venezia Giulia as Nutraceutical Ingredients: LC-MS Study and In Vitro Activities." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061109.

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Triterpene acid and phenolic constituents from nine ancient varieties of apple (Malus domestica) fruits cultivated in Fanna, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, northeast Italy, were analyzed and compared with four commercial apples (‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Royal Gala’). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The quali-quantitative fingerprint of secondary metabolites including triterpene acid was obtained by LC-DAD-(ESI)-MS and LC-(APCI)-MS, respectively. Based on the two LC-MS datasets, multivariate analysis was used to compare the composition of ancient fruit varieties with those of four commercial apples. Significant differences related mainly to the pattern of triterpene acids were found. Pomolic, euscaphyc, maslinic and ursolic acids are the most abundant triterpene in ancient varieties pulps and peels, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were prevalent in the commercial fruits. Also, the content of the phenolic compounds phloretin-2-O-xyloglucoside and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside was greater in ancient apple varieties. The antioxidant (radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays) and enzyme inhibitory effects (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) of the samples were investigated in vitro. Antioxidant assays showed that the peels were more active than pulps. However, all the samples exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory effects. Ancient Friuli Venezia Giulia apple cultivars can be a source of chlorogenic acid and various triterpene acids, which are known for their potential anti-inflammatory activity and beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results make these ancient varieties suitable for the development of new nutraceutical ingredients.

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Berni, Roberto, Marco Romi, Luigi Parrotta, Giampiero Cai, and Claudio Cantini. "Ancient Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties of Tuscany Have High Contents of Bioactive Compounds." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040051.

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The Tuscan Region has a vast repertoire of ancient plants that have been recovered across the territory over the years. These plants thrive in an environment characterized by minimal human intervention and are thus the result of the process of adaptation to the territory of origin. In this work, we focused on the quantification of bioactive compounds in ancient tomato varieties. More specifically, we quantified polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C in eight local Tuscan tomato varieties and found higher contents with respect to those in commercial tomatoes Polyphenol and antioxidant compounds in ancient varieties reported a two- and, in some instances, three-fold increase in concentration, compared to the commercial counterparts. Interestingly, the data relative to the carotenoids did not show any significant differences when comparing the ancient varieties with the commercial ones, a finding confirming the market selection criterion based on color. On a longer-term perspective, this study aims at drawing attention to the importance of preserving autochthonous natural plant biodiversity and towards promoting research on local varieties. We believe that this study will pave the way to the valorization of local plant biodiversity and promote an extended use of products in the nutraceutical sector derived from vegetables.

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Cooper, Raymond. "Re-discovering ancient wheat varieties as functional foods." Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5, no. 3 (July 2015): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.02.004.

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Antolín, María Carmen, Eduardo Salinas, Ana Fernández, Yolanda Gogorcena, Inmaculada Pascual, Juan José Irigoyen, and Nieves Goicoechea. "Prospecting the Resilience of Several Spanish Ancient Varieties of Red Grape under Climate Change Scenarios." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212929.

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Background: Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the response of four ancient grapevine varieties to high temperatures under different water availabilities, focusing on plant water relations, grape technological and phenolic maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of the must. Methods: The study was conducted on fruit-bearing cuttings grown in pots in temperature-gradient greenhouses. A two-factorial design was established where two temperature regimes, ambient and elevated (ambient + 4 °C), were combined with two water regimes, full irrigation and post-veraison deficit irrigation, during fruit ripening. Results: There were significant differences among the ancient varieties regarding plant water relations and fruit quality. Conclusion: This research underlines the importance of evaluating the behavior of ancient grapevine varieties that could offer good options for the adaptation of viticulture to future climate conditions.

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Fiore, Maria Carola, Sebastiano Blangiforti, Giovanni Preiti, Alfio Spina, Sara Bosi, Ilaria Marotti, Antonio Mauceri, Guglielmo Puccio, Francesco Sunseri, and Francesco Mercati. "Elucidating the Genetic Relationships on the Original Old Sicilian Triticum Spp. Collection by SNP Genotyping." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 13378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113378.

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Several Triticum species spread in cultivation in Sicily and neighboring regions over the centuries, which led to the establishment of a large genetic diversity. Many ancient varieties were widely cultivated until the beginning of the last century before being replaced by modern varieties. Recently, they have been reintroduced in cultivation in Sicily. Here, the genetic diversity of 115 and 11 accessions from Sicily and Calabria, respectively, belonging to Triticum species was evaluated using a high-density SNP array. Einkorn, emmer, and spelta wheat genotypes were used as outgroups for species and subspecies; five modern varieties of durum and bread wheat were used as references. A principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed four distinct groups among Triticum species and T. turgidum subspecies. The population structure analysis distinguished five gene pools, among which three appeared private to the T. aestivum, T. turgidum subsp. Turgidum, and ‘Timilia’ group. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a bio-morphological trait relationship of a subset (110) of ancient wheat varieties and their wide variability within the T. turgidum subsp. durum subgroups. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analyses applied to the four durum wheat subgroups revealed that the improved varieties harbored a different gene pool compared to the most ancient varieties. The ‘Russello’ and ‘Russello Ibleo’ groups were distinguished; both displayed higher genetic variability compared to the ‘Timilia’ group accessions. This research represents a comprehensive approach to fingerprinting the old wheat Sicilian germplasm, which is useful in avoiding commercial fraud and sustaining the cultivation of landraces and ancient varieties.

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Francini, Alessandra, Carmen Fidalgo-Illesca, Andrea Raffaelli, and Luca Sebastiani. "Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010040.

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(1) Background: The aim of this research is to study the importance of improving knowledge of old variety apples in terms of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. (2) Methods: Fifteen phenolic compounds (UHPLC-MS/MS techniques), eight mineral elements (Ca, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na and Mg), antioxidant capacity (DPPH%) and vitamin C content in four ancient apple varieties of Tuscany (‘Mora’, ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’), with the ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivar as reference, were analyzed. (3) Results: Ancient cultivars exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity compared to commercial cultivars. ECTC and CGA were the polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples. The contents of the elements of concern, Zn and Mn, were higher in the ancient cultivars ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’, while Na showed significant low concentration in ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’. The vitamin C content also indicated that ‘Mora’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ old variety had an AsA content around 10 times higher than the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. (4) Conclusions: Underutilized varieties could be an excellent source of bioactive phenolic phytochemicals, mineral nutrients and vitamins that may offer special nutraceutical benefits compared to other fruits.

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Spisni, Enzo, Veronica Imbesi, Elisabetta Giovanardi, Giovannamaria Petrocelli, Patrizia Alvisi, and Maria Chiara Valerii. "Differential Physiological Responses Elicited by Ancient and Heritage Wheat Cultivars Compared to Modern Ones." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122879.

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Although ancient, heritage, and modern wheat varieties appear rather similar from a nutritional point of view, having a similar gluten content and a comparable toxicity linked to their undigested gluten peptide, whenever the role of ancient end heritage wheat grains has been investigated in animal studies or in clinical trials, more anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the older wheat varieties. This review provides a critical overview of existing data on the differential physiological responses that could be elicited in the human body by ancient and heritage grains compared to modern ones. The methodology used was that of analyzing the results of relevant studies conducted from 2010 through PubMed search, by using as keywords “ancient or heritage wheat”, “immune wheat” (protein or peptides), and immune gluten (protein or peptides). Our conclusion is that, even if we do not know exactly which molecular mechanisms are involved, ancient and heritage wheat varieties have different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties with respect to modern cultivars. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the health proprieties attributed to older cultivars could be related to wheat components which have positive roles in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and/or permeability.

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Berni, Roberto, Claudio Cantini, Marco Romi, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero, and Giampiero Cai. "Agrobiotechnology Goes Wild: Ancient Local Varieties as Sources of Bioactives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082248.

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The identification and use of species that have best adapted to their growth territory is of paramount importance to preserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Parameters including resistance to natural conditions (biotic and abiotic risk factors), biomass and fruit productivity, and phytochemical content with nutraceutical potential, could be used as quantitative markers of the adaptability of plants to wild environments characterized by minimal human impact. Ancient varieties, which are plant varieties growing in regional territories and not destined for market distribution, are a source of unique genetic characters derived from many years of adaptation to the original territory. These plants are often more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these varieties have a high phytochemical (also known as bioactives) content considered health-beneficial. Notably, the content of these compounds is often lower in commercial cultivars. The use of selected territorial varieties according to the cultivation area represents an opportunity in the agricultural sector in terms of biodiversity preservation, environmental sustainability, and valorization of the final products. Our survey highlights the nutraceutical potential of ancient local varieties and stresses the importance of holistic studies (-omics) to investigate their physiology and secondary metabolism.

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Зверев, С. В., О. В. Политуха, М. Ш. Бегеулов, И. Д. Байда, Н. В. Меркурьев, С. К. Темирбекова, and Ю. В. Афанасьева. "Groats from new varieties of ancient types of wheat." Food processing industry, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2023.3.3.005.

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Пшеница спельта (T. spelta L.) является древним, почти исчезнувшим из культуры видом. Ныне возделывается в ограниченном количестве в Астории (Испания), в Баварии (ФРГ), Австрии, Швейцарии и Бельгии. Полба – одна из самых древних зерновых колосовых культур, связанных с шумерской, вавилонской, древнеиудейской и древнегреческой цивилизациями. Интерес к полбе и спельте возрастает, как к экологически чистым видам, превосходящим широко распространенную в мировом земледелии мягкую пшеницу по содержанию белка, клетчатки, витаминов группы В и минеральных веществ. В настоящее время в странах Западной Европы и США усилился интерес к пленчатым пшеницам – полбе и спельте. Появились сведения, что использование их в пищу снижает риск сердечно-сосудистых и некоторых онкологических заболеваний, что объясняют бÓльшим содержанием в ней клетчатки, чем в муке других видов пшеницы. Определены технологические характеристики зерна сортов полбы Руно, Греммэ, Греммэ 2У, сорта спельты Алькоран и перспективного сортообразца Знамение, сортообразца твердой пшеницы Победа 70 и тургидной пшеницы сорта Каныш. Оценена возможность их использования в производстве целой и дробленой крупы, получаемой методом абразивного шлифования. Очевидно, что с ростом времени шлифования по мере удаления поверхностного слоя выход мучки будет увеличиваться и, соответственно, снижаться выход крупы. На показатели существенное влияние оказывает стекловидность зерна – чем она выше, тем больше выход целой и дробленой крупы. Показатели выхода целой и дробленой крупы из зерна полбы сорта Греммэ 2У сопоставимы с показателями сорта Греммэ и тургидной пшеницы сорта Каныш и превосходят другие изученные сорта. Лабораторные испытания сортов спельты Алькоран, Знамение (пленчатая), полбы Греммэ 2У на целесообразность их использования в крупяном производстве показали явное превосходство сорта Греммэ 2У над ранее включенным в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений сортом полбы Руно, а также сортом спельты Алькоран и перспективным сортообразцом Знамение. Spelled wheat (T. Spelta L.) is an ancient species that has almost disappeared from cultivation. Now it is cultivated in limited quantities in Astoria (Spain), Bavaria (Germany), Austria, Switzerland and Belgium. Spelled is one of the most ancient grain crops associated with the Sumerian, Babylonian, ancient Jewish and ancient Greek civilizations. Interest in spelt and spelt is growing as an environmentally friendly species that surpasses common wheat in world agriculture in terms of protein, fiber, B vitamins and minerals. At present, in the countries of Western Europe and the USA, interest in filmy wheat – spelled and spelled has increased. Evidence has emerged that their use in food reduces the risk of cardiovascular and some cancers, which is explained by the higher content of fiber in it than in flour of other types of wheat. The technological characteristics of spelled varieties Runo, Gremme, Gremme 2U, spelled variety Alkoran and promising variety Znamenie, durum wheat variety Pobeda 70 and turgid wheat variety Kanysh were determined. The possibility of their use in the production of whole and crushed cereals obtained by abrasive grinding is evaluated. It is obvious that with an increase in the grinding time, as the surface layer is removed, the flour yield will increase and, accordingly, the grit yield will decrease. The indicators are significantly affected by the vitreousness of the grain – the higher it is, the greater the yield of whole and crushed cereals. The indicators of the yield of whole and crushed cereals from the spelled grain of the Gremme 2U variety are comparable with those of the Gremme variety and turgid wheat of the Kanysh variety and are superior to other studied varieties. Laboratory tests of spelled varieties Alkoran, Znameniye (chaffy), spelled Gremme 2 U, on the expediency of their use in cereal production showed a clear superiority of the variety Gremme 2 U, over the Runo spelled variety previously included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, as well as the spelled variety Alkoran and promising variety sample Znamenie.

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Racioppi, Marco, Maria Tartaglia, José María De la Rosa, Mauro Marra, Elisa Lopez-Capel, and Mariapina Rocco. "Response of Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties to Biochar Application: Effect on Hormone and Gene Expression Involved in Germination and Growth." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010005.

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Agriculture has changed dramatically due to mechanization, new technologies, and the increased use of chemical fertilizers. These factors maximize production and reduce food prices, but may also enhance soil degradation. Sustainable agricultural practices include altering crop varieties and the use of soil amendments to increase production, improve irrigation, and more effectively use fertilizers. Ancient and modern durum wheat varieties have been shown to be tolerant to conditions caused by climate change and increase production. Biochar soil amendments have been reported to increase crop yields, soil fertility, and to promote plant growth. However, results are variable depending on biomass source, application conditions, and crop species. This study evaluates the crop response of two contrasting durum wheat varieties on an Eutric Cambisol amended with beech wood biochar. Wheat varieties used are Saragolla, an ancient variety traditionally used in Southern Italy, and Svevo, a widely used commercial variety. The effect of biochar soil amendment on the expression of genes involved in the germination of these two varieties of wheat was determined using RT-PCR. The content of hormones such as gibberellins (GAs), auxins (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) was determined. Results demonstrate that biochar had a stimulatory effect on the growth performances of Svevo and Saragolla cultivars at the molecular level. This correlated to the promoted transcription of genes involved in the control of plant development. Overall, the presence of biochar as soil amendment improved the germination rates of both varieties, but the ancient wheat cultivar was better suited to the Eutric Cambisol than the commercial variety. This trend was also observed in un-amended pots, which may indicate better adaptability of the ancient wheat cultivar to withstand environmental stress than the commercial variety.

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Yachmeneva, S. Yu. "ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL AND DECORATIVNESS OF BEARDED IRIS COLLECTIBLE VARIETIES IN THE INTRODUCTION TO THE CHERNOZEM ZONE." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 64 (March 30, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2021-64-68-76.

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In the conditions of the Tambov region, the gene pool of the bearded iris of domestic and foreign breeding is studied. The collection of bearded iris is represented by varieties ('Snow White', 'Border Black', 'Guards', 'Count Tolstoy', 'Ancient Rome', etc.) of medium and late ('Cascade Springs', 'Green Quest', 'Gypsy Caravan', 'Spurna') flowering period. The duration of flowering of the studied varieties is from 7 to 11 days. The longest flowering period (10–11 days) is observed in varieties: 'Snow White', 'Guards', 'Count Tolstoy', 'Marshal Pokryshkin' and 'Gypsy Caravan'. The main disease of the bearded iris in the black earth region is rust (Puccinia iridis), the main pest is the bronze beetle (Cetonia aurata). Varieties with high decorative features with the largest flower diameter (up to 12.5 cm) and peduncle height (up to 90 cm) have been identified: 'Ancient Rome', 'Lilac Wreath', 'Cascade Springs', 'Gypsy Jewels', 'Stepping Out'. Varieties of bearded iris with a light color of the flower (from white to pale blue), severely damaged by a bronze beetle, were noted: 'Snow White' (pale blue), 'Belyanchik' (white), 'Kassandra' (white), etc. The most severe rust damage was observed on varieties of bearded iris with yellow flowers and its shades: 'Galatea' (bright yellow), 'Elf' (yellow-brown), 'Fiesta Time' (golden-amber), 'Invitation' (apricot). Recommendations are given for the introduction of the bearded iris culture in the landscaping of settlements and personal subsidiary farms.

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Temirbekova, S. K., M. S. Begeulov, Y. V. Afanasyeva, N. V. Merkuriev, I. I. Sardarova, and N. Y. Rebouh. "Using the adaptive potential of plants in creating varieties from ancient wheat species." Khleboproducty 31, no. 9 (2022): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2022-31-9-48-51.

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The object of research was the ancient types of wheat: winter spelled and naked spring spelled. On the basis of ancient types of wheat, the country's only winter spelled variety Alkoran, as well as the world's only naked spelled variety Gremme 2U, have been created. Varieties are adaptive, resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors of a certain region. They form a sufficient yield with high biochemical and fairly satisfactory physical and chemical indicators of grain, are characterized by absolute immunity to powdery mildew, rust types and enzyme-mycosis depletion of seeds. Due to the high content of protein, essential fatty acids, fiber, minerals, antioxidants, the grain of ancient wheat can serve as a valuable raw material for improving the technologies for the production of food products for dietary and therapeutic purposes, which is especially important for strengthening immunity.

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Yeheyis, Likawent, and Wondimeneh Mekonnen. "New sweet blue lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. varieties (Sanabor and Vitabor) for Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.5.

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Though bitter white lupin is an ancient pulse crop to Ethiopia, sweet lupins are new to the country. Sanabor and Vitabor are recently introduced sweet blue lupin varieties to be used as multipurpose crop in the traditional lupin growing agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. These varieties were introduced from Germany and evaluated along with fourteen other varieties which have been tested in different locations of the country from 2009 to 2013. The varieties are registered at national level in 2014. The merits of the varieties are their low alkaloid content, high seed yield, resistance to anthracnose and fusarium, most importantly are palatable for livestock and can be used for human food. Thus, the varieties are recommended as multipurpose pulse crop for the traditional and new lupin growing areas.

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Palli, Jordan, Michele Baliva, Franco Biondi, Lucio Calcagnile, Domenico Cerbino, Marisa D’Elia, Rosario Muleo, et al. "The Longevity of Fruit Trees in Basilicata (Southern Italy): Implications for Agricultural Biodiversity Conservation." Land 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030550.

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In the Mediterranean basin, agriculture and other forms of human land use have shaped the environment since ancient times. Intensive and extensive agricultural systems managed with a few cultured plant populations of improved varieties are a widespread reality in many Mediterranean countries. Despite this, historical cultural landscapes still exist in interior and less intensively managed rural areas. There, ancient fruit tree varieties have survived modern cultivation systems, preserving a unique genetic heritage. In this study, we mapped and characterized 106 living fruit trees of ancient varieties in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. Tree ages were determined through tree ring measurements and radiocarbon analyses. We uncovered some of the oldest scientifically dated fruit trees in the world. The oldest fruit species were olive (max age 680 ± 57 years), mulberry (647 ± 66 years), chestnut (636 ± 66 years), and pear (467 ± 89 years). These patriarchs hold a unique genetic resource; their preservation and genetic maintenance through agamic propagation are now promoted by the Lucan Agency for the Development and Innovation in Agriculture (ALSIA). Each tree also represents a hub for biodiversity conservation in agrarian ecosystems: their large architecture and time persistence guarantee ecological niches and micro-habitats suitable for flora and fauna species of conservation significance.

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Schuh, Guy. "Was Eudaimonism Ancient Greek Common Sense?" Apeiron 52, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 359–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2018-0037.

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AbstractI argue that Eudaimonism was not Ancient Greek common sense. After dividing Eudaimonism into Psychological and Normative varieties, I present evidence from Greek literature that the Ancient Greeks did not commonsensically accept Eudaimonism. I then review, and critique, evidence that has been offered for the opposite claim that Eudaimonism was Ancient Greek common sense. This claim is often called on to explain why Ancient Greek philosophers embraced Eudaimonism; the idea is that they did so because it was the ethical common sense of their day. But, according to the case I make in this paper, this explanation cannot stand. Those looking to explain the Eudaimonistic character of Ancient Greek ethical thought must turn to other explanations.

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Nuzhnaya, T. V., S. V. Veselova, G. F. Burkhanova, and I. V. Maksimov. "Primary search for new sources of effective resistance in representatives of the genus Triticum L. against Stagonospora nodorum Berk." Biomics 14, no. 3 (2022): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-17.

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In the last decade, works have appeared that propose the use of wheat susceptibility genes to the pathogen Stagonospora nodorum Berk. (Snn) as molecular markers for marker-based selection. Relationships in the pathosystem "wheat - S. nodorum" are carried out according to the "gene-for-gene" type in mirror image, i.e. the interaction of necrotrophic effectors of the fungus SnTox with the products of host susceptibility genes Snn leads to the development of the disease. The work studied the interactions of SnToxA-Tsn1 and SnTox1-Snn1, which play an important role in the development of Septoria nodorum blotch in soft and hard wheats. Using gene-specific primers for the Tsn1 and Snn1 susceptibility genes, PCR diagnostics of samples of polyploid wheat species of the genus Triticum and ancient varieties of T. aestivum from the PGR VIR collection for resistance to Stagonospora nodorum was carried out. Both dominant alleles of the Tsn1 and Snn1 genes were found in the tetraploid wheat T. durum x-46 and two ancient spring cultivars Selkirk and Salamouni. The dominant allele of the Snn1 gene was found in four studied ancient varieties of common wheat of winter and spring types of development. Primary screening of 12 accessions from the PGR VIR collection revealed two resistant accessions among tetraploid wheat species T. militinae k-59942 and T. timopheevii k-58666 and three resistant varieties of hexaploid wheat T. aestivum with winter development type Mironovskaya 808, Amelio and Susquehanna. These accessions are a promising source for gene introgression into cultivated wheats and material for breeding new wheat varieties.

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Škrobot, Dubravka, Tamara Dapčević-Hadnađev, Jelena Tomić, Nikola Maravić, Nikola Popović, Pavle Jovanov, and Miroslav Hadnađev. "Techno-Functional Performance of Emmer, Spelt and Khorasan in Spontaneously Fermented Sourdough Bread." Foods 11, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233927.

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The aim of this study was to test the suitability of three different ancient wheat varieties (emmer, spelt and khorasan) to produce spontaneously fermented sourdough bread and to evaluate the impact on the dough rheological properties, ultrastructure and baking quality. Modern wheat sourdough bread and bakery yeast fermented bread were used as controls. Sourdoughs produced from modern and ancient wheats exerted different effects on dough viscoelastic properties, bread specific volume, texture, firming rate, colour and sensory properties, while there was no influence on bread water activity. Both khorasan sourdough, being characterised with the highest dough strength and dense gluten protein matrix, and emmer sourdough, with loose and thin gluten strands of low strength, yielded breads characterised by low specific volume and hard crumb texture. Spelt and modern wheat sourdough were characterised by foam-like dough structures with entrapped gas cells leading to breads of similar specific volume and texture. Although the yeast-fermented wheat flour exerted a higher specific volume and the lowest firmness, the sourdough wheat flour bread had a lower firming rate. A comparison of sourdough bread prepared with modern and ancient wheats revealed that breads based on ancient varieties possess a less noticeable sour taste, odour and flavour, thus contributing to more sensory-appealing sourdough bread.

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Fögen, Thorsten. "Gender-Specific Communication in Graeco-Roman Antiquity: With a Research Bibliography." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 31, no. 2-3 (2004): 199–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2-3.03fog.

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It has been the main interest of numerous studies in modern linguistics, in particular since the 1980s, to analyse gender-specific language and modes of communication. However, the vast majority of these contributions completely ignores the fact that some ancient authors already raised the problem of gender-specific language and thus made at least a first step towards a diaphasic sketch of the linguistic levels and varieties of both Greek and Latin. The ancient sources on women’s language are admittedly not very ample and, moreover, rather scattered. It is the aim of this contribution to bring together relevant metalinguistic passages and provide a close reading in order to obtain a more differentiated impression of the ancients’ views on gender-specific language and style. It is highlighted that differences are pointed out by ancient authors not only in pragmatic respects, but also for the phonological, morphological and lexico-semantic levels. The focus is on excerpts from Plato, Aristophanes, Roman comedy and rhetorical writings, but further (sometimes indirect) sources are also included. The final part of this contribution considers the evidence on “women’s speech” in Giovanni Boccaccio’s treatiseDe mulieribus claris.

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Fögen, Thorsten. "Gender-specific communication in Graeco-Roman antiquity." Historiographia Linguistica 31, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2004): 199–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2.03fog.

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Summary It has been the main interest of numerous studies in modern linguistics, in particular since the 1980s, to analyse gender-specific language and modes of communication. However, the vast majority of these contributions completely ignores the fact that some ancient authors already raised the problem of gender-specific language and thus made at least a first step towards a diaphasic sketch of the linguistic levels and varieties of both Greek and Latin. The ancient sources on women’s language are admittedly not very ample and, moreover, rather scattered. It is the aim of this contribution to bring together relevant metalinguistic passages and provide a close reading in order to obtain a more differentiated impression of the ancients’ views on gender-specific language and style. It is highlighted that differences are pointed out by ancient authors not only in pragmatic respects, but also for the phonological, morphological and lexico-semantic levels. The focus is on excerpts from Plato, Aristophanes, Roman comedy and rhetorical writings, but further (sometimes indirect) sources are also included. The final part of this contribution considers the evidence on “women’s speech” in Giovanni Boccaccio’s treatise De mulieribus claris.

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M, Kalpana. "The Empirical Knowledge of Farmers and Today's Multi-Technical Skills." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-12 (September 20, 2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s122.

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Sangam Literature is the repository of the thoughts and deeds of the ancient Tamils. On the basis of that, it is not possible to count the many known achievements made by the intelligence of the ancient Tamils from that day till today. In one of its varieties, organic farming, the Tamilian is a parallel Tamilian. All of agrarian man's intelligence and rationality were scientific. Our agronomists are the ones who have worked empirically on the signals of nature, birds, and animals. They have an intelligence that transcends reason. Everything related to science is being implemented in our motherland. In the tremendous development of our mother tongue, the ancient Tamils have clearly established the science, politics, religion, finance, judicial medicine, multidisciplinary civilization, and culture of the ancient Tamils.

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Fiore, Mercati, Spina, Blangiforti, Venora, Dell’Acqua, Lupini, et al. "High-Throughput Genotype, Morphology, and Quality Traits Evaluation for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Wheat Landraces from Sicily." Plants 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8050116.

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During the XX Century, the widespread use of modern wheat cultivars drastically reduced the cultivation of ancient landraces, which nowadays are confined to niche cultivation areas. Several durum wheat landraces adapted to the extreme environments of the Mediterranean region, are still being cultivated in Sicily, Italy. Detailed knowledge of the genetic diversity of this germplasm could lay the basis for their efficient management in breeding programs, for a wide-range range of traits. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of durum wheat landraces from Sicily, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers, together with agro-morphological, phenological and quality-related traits. Two modern cv. Simeto, Claudio, and the hexaploid landrace, Cuccitta, were used as outgroups. Cluster analysis and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) allowed us to identify four main clusters across the analyzed germplasm, among which a cluster included only historical and modern varieties. Likewise, structure analysis was able to distinguish the ancient varieties from the others, grouping the entries in seven cryptic genetic clusters. Furthermore, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was able to separate the modern testers from the ancient germplasm. This approach was useful to classify and evaluate Sicilian ancient wheat germplasm, supporting their safeguard and providing a genetic fingerprint that is necessary for avoiding commercial frauds to sustaining the economic profits of farmers resorting to landraces cultivation.

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Biagetti, Erica, Oliver Hellwig, Salvatore Scarlata, Elia Ackermann, and Paul Widmer. "Evaluating Syntactic Annotation of Ancient Languages." Old World: Journal of Ancient Africa and Eurasia 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26670755-01010003.

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Abstract In this paper we introduce an extended version of the Vedic Treebank (vtb, Hellwig et al. 2020) which comes along with revisited and extended annotation guidelines. In order to assess the quality of our annotations as well as the usability and limits of the guidelines we performed an inter-annotator agreement test. The results show that agreement between annotators is hampered by various factors, most prominently by insufficient understanding of the content because of the cultural and temporal gap and incomplete knowledge of Vedic grammar. An in-depth discussion of disagreeing annotations demonstrates that the setup of the workflow, too, has a major influence on inter-annotator agreement. We suggest some measures that can help increase the transparency and annotation consistency according to current knowledge of the language when annotating Vedic Sanskrit, or ancient language varieties in general.

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Buhner-Zaharieva, Tatiana, Sawsen Moussaoui, Miguel Lorente, Javier Andreu, Ramón Núñez, Jesús M. Ortiz, and Yolanda Gogorcena. "Preservation and Molecular Characterization of Ancient Varieties in Spanish Grapevine Germplasm Collections." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 61, no. 4 (December 2010): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2010.09129.

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Gonçalves, E., and A. Martins. "Methods for conservation of intra-varietal genetic variability in ancient grapevine varieties." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501029.

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Conservation of intra-varietal genetic variability is a crucial strategy to preserve traditional viticulture and to face future challenges. Conservation can be performed through two processes: (1) conservation without other immediate objectives; (2) conservation which simultaneously ensures the evaluation of important quantitative traits (such as yield, must quality traits, tolerance to abiotic stresses). The second strategy permits the quantification of intra-varietal genetic variability for important quantitative traits and the selection of a superior group of genotypes (polyclonal selection). Based on the results obtained from the conservation of ancient Portuguese varieties, the abovementioned methods for conservation of intra-varietal diversity are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each one are discussed.

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Jakobek, Lidija, and Andrew R. Barron. "Ancient apple varieties from Croatia as a source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 45 (February 2016): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.007.

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Berni, Roberto, Mubasher Zahir Hoque, Sylvain Legay, Giampiero Cai, Khawar Sohail Siddiqui, Jean-Francois Hausman, Christelle M. Andre, and Gea Guerriero. "Tuscan Varieties of Sweet Cherry Are Rich Sources of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acid: Protein Modeling Coupled to Targeted Gene Expression and Metabolite Analyses." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081590.

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The potential of six ancient Tuscan sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties as a source of health-promoting pentacyclic triterpenes is here evaluated by means of a targeted gene expression and metabolite analysis. By using a sequence homology criterion, we identify five oxidosqualene cyclase genes (OSCs) and three cytochrome P450s (CYP85s) that are putatively involved in the triterpene production pathway in sweet cherries. We performed 3D structure prediction and induced-fit docking using cation intermediates and reaction products for some OSCs to predict their function. We show that the Tuscan varieties have different amounts of ursolic and oleanolic acids and that these variations are related to different gene expression profiles. This study stresses the interest of valorizing ancient fruits as alternative sources of functional molecules with nutraceutical value. It also provides information on sweet cherry triterpene biosynthetic genes, which could be the object of follow-up functional studies.

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Panchuk, Ekaterina, and Alena Alekseeva. "YOUKAI AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF JAPANESE CULTURE." Scientific Papers Collection of the Angarsk State Technical University 2021, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-7788-2021-1-1-289-292.

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The analysis of the concept of "youkai" in Japanese mythology, its origin is given, the varieties of youkai are considered. There are references to youkai in ancient monuments of Japanese culture, their reflection in literature and fine arts, modern film and game industries

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Bencze, Szilvia, Marianna Makádi, Tibor J. Aranyos, Mihály Földi, Péter Hertelendy, Péter Mikó, Sara Bosi, Lorenzo Negri, and Dóra Drexler. "Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture—Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041584.

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Modern agriculture depends on the production of very few crop species, which provide lower nutritive value for consumers. The present work summarizes the results of a three-year experiment on hulled wheat varieties as potential candidates for food system diversification. The organic field cultivation tests with 10 emmer and five einkorn landraces and varieties were conducted on ~10m2 plots on sandy soil, and from 2017, under on-farm conditions in eastern Hungary. Most accessions adapted well to the marginal conditions, with some landraces even yielding higher than registered varieties—over 3 t per ha on average over three years. Compared to emmer, einkorn had higher maximum grain yields, but its yield performance varied more than that of emmer. Grain protein and the total phenolic content were high in both species. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds exhibited a 3.8 times higher content of bound flavonoids and had 3.4 times higher antioxidant activity. Four einkorn accessions were resistant to leaf spot, as well as yellow and leaf rusts. Fusarium infected both species similarly. Our findings indicate that not only registered varieties of ancient wheat species but also their landraces can provide sustainable alternatives both for organic farmers and also for the diversification of agriculture.

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Gros-Balthazard, Muriel, Jonathan M. Flowers, Khaled M. Hazzouri, Sylvie Ferrand, Frédérique Aberlenc, Sarah Sallon, and Michael D. Purugganan. "The genomes of ancient date palms germinated from 2,000 y old seeds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (May 3, 2021): e2025337118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025337118.

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Seven date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.), radiocarbon dated from the fourth century BCE to the second century CE, were recovered from archaeological sites in the Southern Levant and germinated to yield viable plants. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of these germinated ancient samples and used single-nucleotide polymorphism data to examine the genetics of these previously extinct Judean date palms. We find that the oldest seeds from the fourth to first century BCE are related to modern West Asian date varieties, but later material from the second century BCE to second century CE showed increasing genetic affinities to present-day North African date palms. Population genomic analysis reveals that by ∼2,400 to 2,000 y ago, the P. dactylifera gene pool in the Eastern Mediterranean already contained introgressed segments from the Cretan palm Phoenix theophrasti, a crucial genetic feature of the modern North African date palm populations. The P. theophrasti introgression fraction content is generally higher in the later samples, while introgression tracts are longer in these ancient germinated date palms compared to modern North African varieties. These results provide insights into crop evolution arising from an analysis of plants originating from ancient germinated seeds and demonstrate what can be accomplished with the application of a resurrection genomics approach.

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Sofi, Francesco, Monica Dinu, Giuditta Pagliai, Leonardo Cei, Giovanna Sacchi, Stefano Benedettelli, Gianluca Stefani, et al. "Health and Nutrition Studies Related to Cereal Biodiversity: A Participatory Multi-Actor Literature Review Approach." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091207.

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Recently, a large and growing body of literature has investigated the health potential of different wheat species. In particular, a considerable number of studies dealing with nutritional aspects has grown up around the theme of the recovery of ancient wheat varieties (species that have remained unchanged over the last hundred years). According to several studies, indeed, ancient varieties present a healthier nutritional profile than modern ones. In the framework of the European project “CERERE, CEreal REnaissance in Rural Europe: embedding diversity in organic and low-input food systems”, this paper aimed to review recent research on the issue of health and nutritional cereal systems by adopting an innovative and participatory multi-actor approach which involved practitioners along with researchers. The participatory approach is the main innovation and peculiarity of this literature review. Nevertheless, the review highlights the many positive effects derived from eating whole and ancient grains such as a significant reduction in the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and also a more favorable long-term weight management and increase in satiety. This review may be considered as a fruitful starting point that integrates research results to foster current and future healthier and sustainable practices in cereal systems.

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Neves, Eduardo G., and Michael J. Heckenberger. "The Call of the Wild: Rethinking Food Production in Ancient Amazonia." Annual Review of Anthropology 48, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102218-011057.

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The Amazon basin is accepted as an independent center of plant domestication in the world. A variety of important plants were domesticated in the Amazon and its surroundings; however, the majority of plants cultivated today in the Amazon are not domesticated, if this descriptor is understood to convey substantial genetic and phenotypic divergence from wild varieties or species. Rather, many domesticates are trees and tubers that occupy an intermediate stage between wild and domesticated, which seems to be a prevailing pattern since at least the middle Holocene, 6,000 years ago. Likewise, basin-wide inventories of trees show a remarkable pattern where a few species, called hyperdominant, are overrepresented in the record, including many varieties that are economically and symbolically important to traditional societies. Cultivation practices among indigenous groups in the Amazon are embedded in other dimensions of meaning that go beyond subsistence, and such entanglement between nature and culture has long been noticed at the conceptual level by anthropologists. This principle manifests itself in ancient and dynamic practices of landscape construction and transformation, which are seriously threatened today by the risks posed by economic development and climate change to Amazonian traditional societies and biomes.

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AVDONIN, Viktor, and Natalia SERGEEVA. "Relics of near-bottom fauna in massive sulfide ores." Domestic geology, no. 3-4 (September 14, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2021-10017.

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The additional study of ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in various regions revealed microtextures, probably of biogenic origin, which could represent varieties of the shells of mineralized fauna. The new finds expand the list of sites containing relics of bioforms associated with hydrothermal vents of "black smokers".

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Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Geo, and Rafaël Govaerts. "Synonymies in Ananas (Bromeliaceae)." Phytotaxa 239, no. 3 (December 24, 2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.3.8.

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To clarify the last pineapple classification, which only recognizes the tetraploid crownless A. macrodontes and the diploid A. comosus, with three cultivated and two wild botanical varieties, we re-establish A. comosus var. microstachys and revise ancient synonymies, underlining misinterpretations and distinguishing horticultural names from botanical names whenever possible.

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Passafiume, Roberta, Ilenia Tinebra, Giuseppe Sortino, Eristanna Palazzolo, and Vittorio Farina. "New Clones and Old Varieties: Quality of Sicilian Hillside Apple Cultivation." Open Agriculture Journal 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331502115010066.

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Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the new clones according to the Mediterranean hillside growing environment and, at the same time, to highlight the qualitative peculiarities of the old varieties in order to avoid genetic loss. Introduction: Several apple varieties are constantly selected for improved quality traits and introduced for cultivation and marketing in addition to a few traditional and affirmed varieties. On the other side, local genotype and ancient varieties are still valorised due to the request of a niche market. Methods: We have studied the physico-chemical quality and the sensory traits of the fruit obtained in this particular environment. Results: Our study reveals a qualitative response to the environment in a genotype-dependent manner. As expected, the physico-chemical characteristics favour the new clones. Conclusion: Both old varieties and new clones of apple fruit, grown in the Mediterranean area, turned out to be of high quality. Nevertheless, results revealed the better characteristics of new clones for commercialization in large-scale supply chain.

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Jiménez-Cantizano, Ana, Anna Puig-Pujol, and Rosa Arroyo-García. "Identification of Vitis vinifera L. Local Cultivars Recovered in Andalusia (Spain) by Using Microsatellite Markers." Horticulturae 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030316.

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In Andalusia (Spain), there are different wine regions that have a great recognized tradition. In these regions, the cultivation of the vine is ancient and there are still vineyards planted with local varieties of Vitis vinifera L. that have not yet been identified. The aim of this research study was to identify 49 accessions of grapevine collected in the districts of four provinces in Andalusia (Spain). All samples were genotyped with 20 microsatellite markers in order to ascertain the identity and analyze the genetic diversity of the collected material. In total, 30 different genotypes were obtained, 22 of them which were identified with named, known varieties by comparison to the Spanish or European microsatellite databases, and eight which are referred to as new genotypes. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 159 alleles were detected, ranging from 4 to 12 alleles per locus, with an average allele number of 7.95. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.763 and was slightly higher than expected (0.715), while the gene diversity per locus varied between 0.167 (VVIN73) and 0.967 (VVMD5). A dendrogram representing the genetic similarities among cultivars was depicted using the UPGMA method to investigate their relationships. The eight new genotypes identified in this research work could represent ancient local varieties in danger of extinction. These new cultivars may be used to determine original wines.

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Valeri, Maria Cristina, David Mifsud, Clayton Sammut, Saverio Pandolfi, Emanuele Lilli, Marina Bufacchi, Vitale Stanzione, et al. "Exploring Olive Genetic Diversity in the Maltese Islands." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 10684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710684.

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A comprehensive effort was devoted to exploring, collecting and characterizing the local Maltese olive germplasm, often represented by ancient, monumental trees and by plants of uncertain origin. SSR and cp-SSR analysis of all samples enabled the identification of 46 genotypes and establishment of the correspondence between ancient trees, main local varieties and other Mediterranean cultivars. The application of plastid markers enabled identification of two lineages among Maltese genotypes, with more than 50% represented by lineage E2. Twenty-nine cases of grafting were identified among the various genotypes and lineages. In most cases, E1 canopies were grafted on E2 rootstocks, but reverse cases were also observed. The phylogenetic study of Maltese genotypes, together with hundreds of cultivars from the Mediterranean Basin and beyond, highlights the richness of Maltese olive diversity and drawing attention to the genetic similarity of some Maltese olive genotypes with neighboring Italian and Algerian varieties. These results underline the long-lasting presence of the olive in the country, contributing to the reconstruction of its phylogeny and demonstrating a possible autochthonous origin of many samples. Some still-living ancient trees are at serious risk of extinction due to abandonment, urban expansion and environmental threats. This study supports the preservation of the Maltese olive germplasm and highlights its importance as a rich genetic source to face new agronomical challenges and future climatic constraints.

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POPESCU, Carmen Florentina, and Manna CRESPAN. "Combining Microsatellite Markers and Ampelography for Better Management of Romanian Grapevine Germplasm Collections." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10210297.

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Aiming to investigate the correspondence of phenotypic variability and molecular markers, 50 varieties of Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera, ancient grapevine varieties grown on Romanian territory, were selected to be analysed. All varieties were subjected to ampelographic analyses with OIV descriptors and also to molecular analyses with 13 microsatellites. The morphology description with recommended methods corresponded with the reference literature, proving the correct registration of the varieties at the moment of acquisition. Markers efficiency for assessing the genetic diversity among studied varieties was evaluated by computation of statistic parameters referring to the polymorphisms found. Among the internationally recommended SSR markers, ISV4 and VMCNG4b9 markers displayed interesting PIC and PI values. By comparing the SSR profiles of the 50 Romanian grapevine varieties with those in the Eu database, the following can be concluded: confirmation of 10 synonymies mentioned in old documents, while 3 synonymies mentioned in old reference literature were not confirmed, new synonyms were found for 4 accessions, additional synonyms were found for 4 accessions, which are to be added to the previous ones already mentioned in the literature, the synonymies in three groups of accessions were documented for the first time in the specialised literature, the unicity of three Romanian accessions was proved (ʻMoroştinăʼ, ʻNegru mareʼ and ʻRomânieʼ) and the genetic profiles of 15 varieties were identical to those already recorded in the investigated databases

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Gonçalves, Elsa, and Antero Martins. "Efficient Assessment and Large-Scale Conservation of Intra-Varietal Diversity of Ancient Grapevine Varieties: Case Study Portugal." Plants 11, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11151917.

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There are thousands of ancient grapevine varieties in Europe, each one having a high level of intra-varietal diversity with regard to important economic traits (yield, soluble solids content, acidity, anthocyanins, and others). However, this potential has become exposed to a process of genetic erosion since the middle of the last century. The main objective of this work is to present experimental strategies for conservation and utilization of intra-varietal diversity. A concrete example is given about the actions performed in Portugal since 1978. Two main approaches for the conservation of intra-varietal diversity were performed: (1) strict conservation (in pots and in the field without experimental design) for future generations; and (2) conservation and, simultaneously, evaluation of the intra-varietal variability for selection to fulfil the immediate needs of the grape and wine sector (in the field with experimental design). More than 30,000 accessions of Portuguese autochthonous varieties are conserved. Using the theory of mixed models, intra-varietal diversity of the yield was found for the 59 varieties studied. The conservation and the evaluation of the intra-varietal diversity for quantitative traits will allow to extract high economic value, as well as to ensure its utilization to meet the objectives of the vine and wine sector.

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Marrelli, Mariangela, Pasqualina Sprovieri, Filomena Conforti, and Giancarlo Statti. "Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ancient Majorca and Carosella (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheat Flours." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061217.

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Two locally grown ancient wheat varieties named Carosella and Majorca (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied for their phytochemical contents and biological activities. Four different types of flour obtained from each variety were investigated. Carosella and Majorca samples showed high concentration of polyphenol content and high antioxidant activity. Among the different types of flour obtained by different grindings (whole wheat, 2, 1, and 0), whole wheat showed the highest antioxidant activity expressed as inhibition of DPPH radical, with an IC50 value of 0.008 mg/mL for Carosella and 0.011 mg/mL for Majorca. The total polyphenol content ranged from 11.72 to 14.34 g/kg in Carosella samples and from 11.96 to 13.67 g/kg in Majorca samples. The results of this study reveal that the two wheat varieties, Carosella and Majorca, could be considered potential sources of antioxidant agent and could play a major role in human health.

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Casas-Agustench, Patricia, Albert Salas-Huetos, and Jordi Salas-Salvadó. "Mediterranean nuts: origins, ancient medicinal benefits and symbolism." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 12A (December 13, 2011): 2296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002540.

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AbstractObjectiveTo consider historical aspects of nuts in relation to origin and distribution, attributed medicinal benefits, symbolism, legends and superstitions.DesignReview of historical aspects of nuts.SettingMediterranean region.SubjectsThe varieties reviewed include almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, pine nuts and pistachios.Results and conclusionsLike other foods, nuts have a wide variety of cultural connections to the areas where they grow and to the people who live there or eat them. History, symbolism and legends reveal the ancient tradition of nuts and how they are related to the lives of our ancestors. Archaeological excavations in eastern Turkey have uncovered the existence of a non-migratory society whose economy centred on harvesting nuts. This shows that nuts have been a staple in the human diet since the beginnings of history. Moreover, since ancient times nuts have been used for their medicinal properties. They also play a role in many old legends and traditions.

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SUVOROVA, Irina. "AESTHETIC PROBLEMS OF ANTIQUITY IN RUSSIAN JOURNALISM OF THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY (A CASE OF THE LYCEUM MAGAZINE)." Studia Humanitatis 25, no. 4 (December 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2022.3904.

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The article explores the problem of the explicit reflection of the aesthetic thought in Russian journalism in the early 19th century using the example of the 1806 Lyceum magazine. The study revealed the eclectic nature of the writing style of this period’s authors and demonstrated the need to turn to ancient prototypes. The review of all the articles in the 12 issues of this magazine, identified texts containing direct reminiscences of ancient aesthetics or implicit references to ancient authors in solving aesthetic problems. The study revealed that the aesthetic issue most often discussed on the pages of the Lyceum magazine was the art classification issue. Examples of addressing this problem suggested by the magazine’s authors are compared with the positions of ancient philosophers. The article also discusses a variety of the magazine contributors’ approaches to solving the issue of the origin of art from aesthetic, ethical, and epistemological points of view. The article pays special attention to the direct reminiscences of ancient aesthetics in determining the categories of mimesis, beauty (in all its varieties), and kalokagathia. As a result, it is concluded that there was a significant reception of ancient samples in the texts of Russian authors dealing with aesthetic problems.

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Magomedov, M. G., O. M. Ramazanov, G. A. Makuev, A. Z. Dalgatova, and A. M. Ramazanov. "Range of Dagestan grape varieties and measures to improve it." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022203010.

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The article briefly describes the measures taken in the Russian Federation for the development of the viticulture and wine industry. It is proved that Dagestan is an ancient and unique region of viticulture and winemaking. The basics of forming the varietal composition of the region’s vineyards are revealed. Its condition is shown, shortcomings and improvement measures in Dagestan are noted. The main requirements for the formation of a grape range varieties in a particular region or district are disclosed. Functions that allow to implement a properly selected grape range of varieties are defined. The work analyzes the presence of varieties included in the State Register of Selection Achievements in the varietal composition of vineyards of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova. The modern varietal composition of Dagestan vineyards is characterized, and its structure for the period 1930-2015 is analyzed. The article provides information about the current composition of Dagestan vineyards by maturation period, as well as by biological, economic and technological indicators of about 130 native and selected grape varieties.

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Cairns, Alexander B., and James S. Hunter. "Similarities and Differences of Care in a Medical Center." Journal of Pastoral Care 40, no. 1 (March 1986): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098604000108.

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Explicates a medical-pastoral paradigm in terms of eight “polar unities”: natural science/theology; person/organism; efficient/teleological causality; multivocal/univocal language; quantitative/qualitative concerns; meaning/technical interventions; description/value; validation of intervention effectiveness. Suggests that these varieties of approaches may be illustrated in the ancient Oriental Yin-Yang symbol which includes the kind of “polar unity” implicit in a modern medical center.

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Valentinovich, Kim Dmitry, Nizomov Rustam Akhralovich, and Lyan Ekaterina. "SELECTION OF TOMATO VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS FOR CULTIVATION IN HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSES OF UZBEKISTAN." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-10-38.

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Growing vegetables in a low-volume crop on hydroponics is a modern, convenient and cost-effective way to grow plants. This way to prevent harmful substances from the soil from entering the plants is not to use the soil. Hydroponics is an ancient and at the same time modern and progressive method of growing plants without soil. This technology in the cultivation of vegetables provides equal conditions for all plants, which ensures a high level of production of standard products. There are no problems with soil acidity and agrochemical composition. It is possible to use the same types of fertilizers for different crops, growth is accelerated and yields increase, since physiological processes proceed much faster Our article provides data that in low-volume hydroponic greenhouses of Uzbekistan it is quite possible to cultivate from domestic tomato hybrids F1 Saihun, and F1 Zamira, which in terms of yield and quality are not inferior to the foreign hybrid F1 Salmaz.

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Golea, Maria-Camelia, Marius Dan Şandru, and Georgiana-Gabriela Codină. "Mineral composition of flours produced from modern and ancient wheat varieties cultivated in Romania." Ukrainian Food Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2022): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2304-974x-2022-11-1-9.

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Spilsbury, Paul. "Studies in Josephus and the Varieties of Ancient Judaism: Louis H. Feldman Jubilee Volume." Journal for the Study of Judaism 40, no. 1 (2009): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006308x375744.

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Valente, Jordan, Florence Gerin, Jacques Le Gouis, Yvan Moënne‐Loccoz, and Claire Prigent–Combaret. "Ancient wheat varieties have a higher ability to interact with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria." Plant, Cell & Environment 43, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13652.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient varieties'

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