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Anagnostou, Evangelia. "Studies in ancient erotic mythology : ritual and literary values of initiation patterns." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250308.
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Schader, Jo-Mari. "A literary-exegetical- and social-scientific analysis of the book of Jonah : an exposition of its ancient social values." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60417.
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By approaching the book of Jonah historical-critically, it has been indicated that the book of Jonah
likely dates to the Persian Period (more neutrally the post-exilic period), is a parody on the prophetic
traditions, and has a unified structure. It has been proposed by some that the book of Jonah was written
for the Yehudite elite, as a meant, by the author, for his audience to reflect critically on themselves.
When a literary-exegetical analysis was conducted of the book of Jonah, it was indicated that the
author of the book employed various literary and stylistic techniques that contributes to the unified
structure of the book of Jonah. It has also been indicated that all the prayers in the book is poetry, and
serves to pause the narration, and are employed to emphasise their content. The author also inverts the
typical Ancient Near Eastern values in his characterisation of the role players to thwart the reader's
typical expectations of each. The application of social-scientific criticism then supports the theory that
the book of Jonah is indeed a parody, and that its main theme in the book of Jonah relates to the
compassion and mercy of Yahweh/God which outweighs his desire to destroy the inhabitants of
Nineveh and their animals, and appears to be conditional, as repentence is a requirement.Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Ancient Languages
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Wattis, Alexandra. "A Comparison of Democracies: How Democratic Rhetoric and Values Have Changed from Ancient Athens to the Modern United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1053.
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This study will explore the similarities and differences between Alcibiades and Nicias’ speeches to the Athenian Assembly in 415 BC and Secretary Hillary Clinton and President Donald J. Trump’s first presidential debate in 2016. The ancient speeches were regarding the Sicilian Expedition, while the modern speeches focused on each candidates’ foreign policy plan regarding Syria and the Islamic State (IS). Despite the near 2,500-year difference between these two democracies, there are striking similarities between the ways their governments are structured as well as the values they uphold. I explore the significance of the fact that the Athenians and the modern-day Americans have two ostensibly functioning democracies yet the candidates whom they elected and the subsequent results were disadvantageous for the long-term sustainability of their countries. I will look at the differences between the expectations of the democratic institutions and what the outcomes of the debates were. Additionally, I compare the differences between the Athenian democracy and the American democracy.
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van, Eeden Fay Clare. "Illness and health care in ancient Israel : the role of the social-cultural context in interpreting 2 Chronicles 26:11-23." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23979.
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Understanding illness and health care in the ancient world, and especially within ancient Israel, is not an easy undertaking. Most of the research done on Israelite health care focuses on the identification of disease rather than their sociological implications. This study hypothesises that to truly understand ancient Israel’s thoughts on illness and health care it is important to take the wider social context, in which a sick person would have found himself, into account. This study analyses the illness of King Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26:11-23) against the backdrop of the ancient Near East’s understanding of illness and health care, Israel’s view of Yahweh’s role in illness, as well as the interwovenness between illness and the social values of honour and shame. The notions of purity and impurity and the role they played in Israel’s understanding of illness, as well as the role of the temple and other consultative options are also taken into account in the study. In so doing the study intends to shed some light on the interwovenness between illness and social values in ancient Israel and thus enabling a better understanding of 2 Chronicles 26:11-23 and illness and health care in ancient Israel. CopyrightDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Ancient Languages
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Loukaki, Argyro. "Greece : ancient ruins, value conflicts, and aspects of development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282654.
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Ballantyne, Marianne R. "Miami Fort: An Ancient Hydraulic Structure." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1242752728.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisor: Kenneth B. Tankersley. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 29, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Miami Fort; Hopewell; hilltop enclosure; Ohio Valley archaeology. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zedeño, M. Nieves, Alex K. Carroll, and Richard W. Stoffle. "Ancient Voices, Storied Places: Themes in Contemporary Indian History." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277393.
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This collection of essays addresses the history of Numic-speaking American Indians of the Great Basin–Colorado Plateau–Mohave Desert area since these lands passed into the sovereign control of the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The goal of this study is to revisit historical processes and events that transformed the lives of these Americans so profoundly that their effects are still being felt today.
The perspective of contemporary Indians who shared their views with the authors, wrote portions of this history, advised on its production, and reviewed its contents, informed the versions of history relayed throughout this book. The themes explored in this collection interweave oral histories, collected by the authors through interviews with Indian people, and data from primary archival sources and publications.
The essays that follow represent a small sample of themes that concern Indian people, who believe that their values, opinions, and version of historical processes and events are seldom portrayed fairly, if at all, in Western literature. This preoccupation with telling their history is all the more relevant in the context of government–to–government consultation between American Indian tribes and federal agencies, wherein productive debates about land management and resource preservation issues hinge on a shared understanding of why the land and its resources are important to Indian people and how Indian people lost control over them. It is precisely under the auspices of such a shared understanding between the Nevada Test Site and Nellis Air Force Base and several Indian tribes and organizations from Nevada, California, Arizona, and Utah that this historical study was conducted.
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Martin, Kristie Rae. "Eastern agricultural complex traditions in small Fort Ancient communities the wildcat example /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243564193.
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Martin, Kristie R. "Eastern Agricultural Complex Traditions in Small Fort Ancient Communities – The Wildcat Example." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243564193.
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Bouquety, Axel. "Etude morphométrique de la cryosphère ancienne de Mars : implications paléo-climatiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS460/document.
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Le climat primitif martien fascine la recherche martienne. Identifier avec le plus de précision possible les conditions primitives martiennes permettrait de contraindre les différents états de l’eau au cours de l’histoire martienne. Aujourd’hui deux hypothèses font débat, la première est celle d’un climat chaud et humide régnant à la surface de Mars à la fin du Noachien/début Héspérien. La deuxième, à l’inverse, semble indiquer que le climat aurait été froid et englacé sur les plus hautes altitudes martiennes. Néanmoins, cette deuxième hypothèse est souvent contestée, car contrairement à la présence de marqueur d’eau liquide à la surface de Mars, aucune morphologie de surface attestant d’un climat froid n’avait été identifiée. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié de manière morphométrique les structures et morphologies à la surface de Terra Sabaea, qui constitue 1% de la superficie totale de la planète. Ces structures constituent des héritages morphologiques des activités climatiques passées. Afin de caractériser au mieux l’origine érosive de ces structures, nous avons créé une nouvelle méthode d’analyse morphométrique à partir de différentes méthodes terrestres et martiennes. Cette nouvelle méthode permet d’extraire plus de 20 données exploitables par vallée. Il a donc été question de mesurer un maximum de vallée afin d’établir une base de données que nous avons comparée avec des bases de données de morphologies terrestres et martiennes. Grâce à cette analyse, il a été possible de mettre en évidence, la présence d’un paysage glaciaire dans la région de Terra Sabaea. Ce paysage est composé de (1) vallées glaciaires liées avec (2) des cirques glaciaires. La source de cette glace semble être (3) des calottes de plateaux locales à des altitudes > 3500 m. Nous avons donc démontré pour la première fois la présence de morphologies glaciaires attestant d’un climat froid il y a 3.6 Ga. Néanmoins, la présence de telles morphologies n’indique pas que l’ensemble de Terra Sabaea était englacé. L’analyse morphométrique a démontré la présence de morphologie fluviatile géographiquement proche des morphologies glaciaires et souvent à la même altitude, entre 1500 et 3500 m. Cette observation nous a permis de mettre en évidence (4) que la pente était un facteur qui influençait sur l’état de l’eau. En effet, pour une même altitude, les morphologies fluviatiles sont situées sur les pentes douces (< 3°) alors que les morphologies glaciaires sont situées sur les remparts internes des cratères d’impacts présentant une forte pente (> 10°). Cependant (5) l’altitude semble également être un facteur déterminant puisque l’on ne retrouve pas de morphologie glaciaire à des altitudes < 1500 m. L’analyse des terrains de Terra Sabaea a également mis en évidence (6) qu’il existait un lien génétique entre les morphologies glaciaires de hautes altitudes et les vallées fluviatiles plus bas. En effet, il est possible de suivre une vallée qui prend sa source sur les hauts plateaux englacés en amont, jusqu’en aval où elle rejoint des morphologies témoignant d’une activité fluviatile. Cette continuité dans les morphologies glaciaires et fluviatiles permet (7) de mieux définir l’origine des vallées ramifiées, et notamment l’origine de Naktong vallis, et il semblerait que la fonte des glaces a joué un rôle dans leurs formations. De plus, cette continuité morphologique permet de supposer qu’il existait (8) un cycle de l’eau similaire à la Terre dans la région de Terra Sabaea il y a 3.6 GaThe primitive Martian climate fascinates Martian research. Identifying Martian primitive conditions as accurately as possible would make it possible to constrain the different states of water during Martian history. Today two hypotheses are debated, the first is that of a hot and humid climate prevailing on the surface of Mars at the end of the Noachian / early Hesperian. The second, on the contrary, seems to indicate that the climate was cold and glacial on the highest Martian altitudes. Nevertheless, this second hypothesis is often disputed, because unlike the presence of liquid water marker on the surface of Mars, no surface morphology attesting to a cold climate had been identified. In this thesis, we studied morphometrically structures and morphologies on the surface of Terra Sabaea, which constitutes 1% of the total surface of the planet. These structures constitute morphological legacies of past climatic activities. In order to better characterize the erosive origin of these structures, we have created a new method of morphometric analysis from different terrestrial and Martian methods. This new method makes it possible to extract more than 20 exploitable data per valley. It was therefore a question of measuring a valley maximum in order to establish a database that we compared with databases of terrestrial and Martian morphologies. Thanks to this analysis, it has been possible to highlight the presence of an ice landscape in the Terra Sabaea region. This landscape is composed of (1) glacial valleys linked or not with (2) glacial cirques. The source of this ice appears to be (3) local plateau caps at altitudes> 3500 m. We thus demonstrated for the first time the presence of glacial morphologies attesting to a cold climate there are 3.6 Ga. Nevertheless, the presence of such morphologies does not indicate that the whole of Terra Sabaea was glaciated. Morphometric analysis has demonstrated the presence of fluvial morphology geographically close to glacial morphologies and often at the same altitude, between 1500 and 3500 m. This observation allowed us to highlight (4) that the slope was a factor influencing the state of the water. Indeed, for the same altitude, fluvial morphologies are located on gentle slopes (<3 °) while glacial morphologies are located on the inner walls of impact craters with a steep slope (> 10 °). However (5) altitude also seems to be a determining factor since we do not find glacial morphology at altitudes <1500 m. Terra Sabaea land analysis also revealed (6) that there is a genetic link between high altitude glacial morphologies and lower river valleys. Indeed, it is possible to follow a valley that has its source on the highlands glaciers upstream, downstream where it joins morphologies testifying to a fluviatile activity. This continuity in glacial and fluvial morphologies makes it possible (7) to better define the origin of branched valleys, and in particular the origin of Naktong vallis, and it seems that melting ice has played a role in their formations. Moreover, this morphological continuity makes it possible to suppose that there existed (8) a cycle of water similar to the Earth in the region of Terra Sabaea there is 3.6 Ga
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Wang, Xiaofei. "The teaching of analysis at the École Polytechnique : 1795-1809." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC234.
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Ce travail se concentre sur le cours d'analyse enseigné à l'École polytechnique de 1795 à 1809. En devenant professeurs, plusieurs mathématiciens au tournant du 19ème siècle y ont contribué par des ouvrages importants d’Analyse. Parmi eux, Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) joua un rôle central, en y devenant le premier Institutor d'analyse. Les trois premiers chapitres de cette thèse se focalisent sur les leçons que Lagrange donna de 1795 à 1799. En insistant sur le fait que Lagrange enseignait l'arithmétique à l’École Polytechnique avant son cours d'analyse, la première partie de cette thèse clarifie les raisons pour lesquelles de Lagrange incorporait ces éléments d’arithmétique et leur relation avec le cours d’analyse. Cette étude fournit une discussion détaillée des concepts fondamentaux des mathématiques dans les cours de Lagrange. Ainsi, on y montre que l'intention de Lagrange est de lier des branches différentes de l'analyse à l'algèbre à l'arithmétique. Ce travail montre de quelles façons et en quels termes Lagrange unifie ces branches. De plus, cette thèse met l'accent sur les valeurs épistémologiques que Lagrange poursuit et défend dans ses travaux mathématiques, sur la base desquelles Lagrange a choisi la méthode des développements des fonctions en séries pour présenter les principes du calcul différentiel. La but de la deuxième partie de cette thèse est de montrer à quel point le cours de Lagrange à l'Ecole Polytechnique a influencé l'enseignement de trois autres professeurs: Joseph Fourier (1768-1830), Jean-Guillaume Garnier (1766-1840) et Sylvestre-François Lacroix (1765-1843). Fourier inventa une nouvelle méthode en croisant la méthode de Lagrange et la méthode des limites. Garnier et Lacroix suivent essentiellement la méthode de Fourier, mais avec quelques modifications. En comparant les deux traités du calcul différentiel de Lacroix, cette étude montre que la pratique de l’enseignement, ainsi que la destination des élèves de l’École Polytechnique ont constitué des facteurs importants dans l’évolution des principes du calcul différentiel et de leur présentationThis work studies the courses of analysis taught at the Ecole Polytechnique (EP) from 1795 until 1809. Several mathematicians of the eighteenth century contributed important works as they practiced the teaching of analysis at this school. Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) was the central figure, who had been the first professor of the course of analysis at the EP and had great impact on his successors. In order to show in which way and to what degree the lectures that Lagrange gave exerted influence on the teaching of analysis at the EP, this dissertation gives a detailed discussion on Lagrange’s publications and courses of analysis, as well as those by other teachers, i.e. Joseph Fourier(1768-1830), Jean-GuillaumeGarnier(1766-1840)andSylvestre-FrançoisLacroix (1765-1843). It achieves the following conclusions. First, Lagrange, taking into account the utility for students, chose to found analysis on the method of the developments of functions in series, so that analysis could be united with algebra, and arithmetic as well. Second, Lagrange’s approach to differential calculus, as well as the epistemic values he pursued in his mathematical works, provided influential source for the teaching of analysis by other professors. The thesis is that the three professors who taught beside or after Lagrange followed Lagrange’s ideas, although each made some modifications on his own course
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Rademaker, Adriaan. "Sophrosyne and the rhetoric of self-restraint : polysemy & persuasive use of an ancient greek value term /." Leiden : Brill, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39929094x.
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Antibus, Doug E. "Molecular and Cultivation-based Characterization of Ancient Algal Mats from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1258702723.
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Johansson, Tuva. "The significance of believing in healing : On the therapeutic value of spoken words in ancient Egyptian medical papyri." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387626.
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Medicine and healing, constantly changing through time, have always been important aspects of life. The desire to avoid the inevitable state of death has driven mankind in all corners of the world to develop certain ways of prolonging life from a very early time. While it is recognized in the modern day that disease and infection are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, the ancient Egyptians believed that gods, demons, and spirits played the main roles in causing such troubles. Therefore, it does not seem strange that, besides being devoted to the use of various natural drugs and materials in healing treatments, the ancient Egyptians also incorporated religion and magic into their treatment methods. Magic, religion, and medicine enjoyed an equal symbiosis all throughout the Pharaonic times, and one cannot easily separate one from the other. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any kind of systematics in the way magic was used in ancient Egyptian healing treatments, specifically in the treatments involving incantations and spells. The comparison of the relevant treatments in relation to each other will be conducted both within and in between the individual papyri. The surviving ancient medical papyri are a handful of texts ranging approximately from 1800 BC to 300 AD and give us a precious idea of what the arts of medicine and healing could have looked like in the ancient Egyptian world. A chosen number of the ancient papyri, dated to the 18th dynasty, will be studied in order to better understand the concept of healing and, more significantly, the importance of the power in words. The main sources used are the ancient material of the medical papyri themselves, complemented by a knowledgebase built on the plentiful previous research on the subject available. Numerous studies on the subject of both medicine and magic in ancient Egypt, as well as on the surviving medical papyri have been conducted since the end of the 19th century. The collection of ‘Grundriss der medizin der alten Ägypter’, consisting of nine volumes, was published between the years of 1954 to 1973 and still stands as the most extensive study on the combined ancient Egyptian medical papyri. Several works on the different individual papyri, mainly the Edwin Smith papyrus and the Ebers papyrus, have also been published throughout the years. While there does not appear to have been any intentional systematics in the way the ancient Egyptians conducted their treatment methods containing incantations, there are similarities to be observed. It seems clear that rational medicine and magical incantations and rites, together with the fundamental element of religion, was the ideal combination in the treatment of any condition or complaint.
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Nafissi, Mohammad. "Ancient Athens and modern ideology : value, theory and evidence in historical sciences : Max Weber, Karl Polanyi and Moses Finley /." London : Institute of classical studies, School of advanced study, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39219987q.
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Åkerlund, Simon. "From Ancients to Dust... : Through Veneration and Condemnation: Exploring of the role of Cultural Heritage and Iconoclasm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324589.
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This essay attempts to discover a correlation between a perceived veneration of an inherent value of the cultural heritage which is enlightened in the face of the iconoclastic acts of IS (Islamic State). Firstly, the essay establishes how UNESCO could be perceived as a Social System which educates its central binary codes through communication. The codes central to the System are cultural preservation and cultural destruction. Through examining the official documents of the System and analysing their content through Content Analysis, the essay delineates how an inherent value is manifested in cultural heritage. Further it examines whether the System is successful in communicating and implementing its positive binary code into its surrounding environment. The conclusions are that the System aspires to connect what it deems an “outstanding universal value” with an inherent value of democratic human rights. It is also concluded that the System is successful in implementing its positive core binary code into its environment. However, there are indications that this efficiency could dramatically decrease in the future, thereby rendering the System’s value as an ideological standpoint less valuable in the face of theologically motivated iconoclasms.
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Styring, Amy Keita. "Crop δ15N value expression in bone collagen of ancient fauna and humans : a new approach to palaeodietary and agricultural reconstruction." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556977.
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Stable nitrogen (N) isotope analysis of human bone collagen has been used for almost three decades for reconstructing the diets of ancient humans. A major limitation in this 'standard model', using the 15N-enrichment of human bone collagen δ15N values over associated herbivore bone collagen δ15N values to Fsredict the relative contribution of animal protein to human diet, is the assumption that the δ15Nvalues of plants consumed by humans and herbivores are identical. The work described in this thesis was carried out with the aim of determining the δ15N values of amino acids in crop species likely to be consumed by humans and herbivores and assessing how these contribute to bulk collagen δ15N values. This serves to refine interpretations of ancient human diet, allowing more accurate estimation of the relative contribution of plant and animal protein to human diet in the past. This is particularly pertinent at Neolithic sites, where relatively high human bone collagen 01SN values have been interpreted as due to consumption of high proportions of animal protein. These relatively high δ15N values could in fact be due to consumption of manured crops, with higher 01SN values _ than the plants consumed by associated herbivores. This study began by determining a method for the accurate and precise determination of plant and animal protein amino acid 01SN values by GC-C-IRMS. It was concluded that hydrolysis of lipid-extracted plant material, followed by purification of amino acids using ion-exchange chromatography and derivatisation to their N-acetyl-i-propyl esters, gives accurate and precise amino acid 01SN values. This method accounts for 75% of the N in human bone collagen, over 68% of the N in wheat and barley grain and over 58% of the N in pulses. A preliminary investigation of bone collagen amino acid 01SN values from humans and fauna at archaeological sites in South Africa illustrated the potential of amino acid 01SN values in elucidating the factors contributing to the bulk collagen δ15N value. The next step was to elucidate plant amino acid N cycling in agriculturally relevant crop species and in parts of the plant tending to be preserved in the archaeological record. Amino acid 01SN values of experimentally grown barley and bread wheat grains and rachis and broad beans and peas were found to broadly relate to metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis and catabolism. Manuring resulted in a consistent 15N-enrichment of cereal grain and rachis amino acid 01SN values but no 15N-enrichment of pulse amino acid δ15N values. Investigation of the chemical composition of modem charred grains and grains from archaeological sites was then carried out, to determine whether modern grains charred under experimental conditions can provide suitable analogues for their archaeological counterparts. Since 'charring of modem charred grains results in the conversion of starch and protein into melanoidins with alkyl and aromatic C moieties, whereas archaeological grains contain only aromatic C, it was concluded that heating of modem grains to 230°C does not account for all of the changes in chemical composition associated with diagenesis. Finally, N isotope analysis of amino acids from human and herbivore bone collagen isolates from three Neolithic sites, together with N isotope analysis of preserved cereal remains, was used to estimate amino acid δ15N values of the plants consumed by humans and herbivores and thus to elucidate dietary influences on bulk bone collagen δ15N values. This demonstrated the potential of bone collagen amino acid δ15N values in the elucidation of differential contributions of plant and animal protein to the human diet, drawing attention to the significant effect of plant N isotope signatures on palaeodietary interpretation using bone collagen δ15N values.
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Booth, Charlotte. "Excavating paper squeezes : identifying the value of nineteenth and early twentieth century squeezes of ancient Egyptian monuments, through the collections of seven UK archives." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8715/.
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This thesis provides a history of squeeze making in the discipline of Egyptology from its beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century to the continued use of tin squeezes in modern archaeological practice. The difference in approach to squeezes between the Egyptological and the Mediterranean disciplines will also be discussed. The analysis of the on-going value of squeezes produced more than a century ago highlights their importance for conservation and archival work as well as historical interpretation of the monuments of ancient Egypt. Using squeezes from seven archival collections in the UK as case studies, the accompanying catalogue and discussion highlights the information that can be obtained from the study of paper squeezes taken of Egyptian monuments in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The squeezes studied highlight a number of inscriptions which have disappeared or have been extremely damaged since the squeezes were taken, demonstrating the value of these documents in reconstructing the monuments of the past. The overall objective is to encourage scholars to identify the importance these squeezes hold for epigraphic, social and conservation disciplines which acknowledging the damage caused in their production should not define how they are studied (or indeed not studied) in the modern world.
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PUGLISI, DANIEL. "PREBREEDING OF MAIZE TRADITIONAL FARMERS¿ VARIETIES AND THEIR BIOFORTIFICATION FOR FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/616805.
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Maize is the main cereal grain cultivated worldwide (Zea mays L. ssp. mays), and alone is responsible for providing 15% of the protein and 20% of the calories in the human diet supplying an energy density of 365 Kcal/100 g. Maize is a good source of starch and protein; it also provides lipids, macronutrients, micronutrients and fiber. Maize has a matrix rich in organic compounds and minerals with potential benefits to health. Human nutrition remains one of the main uses, being a staple food for poor populations and determining the selection of varieties for producing many typical dishes such as polenta in Italy and pap in South Africa. Maize still represents a staple food for many populations: maize tortillas provide about 50%-65% of human energy intake in Peru, Bolivia, and in rural areas of Mexico; in Africa are located 16 among the 22 countries in which corn represents the main source of energy in the diet. In Sub-Saharian countries, maize consumption is comparable to that of rice in Asia. In poor regions of the word nutrient deficiency (Zn, Fe and vitamin A) has a relevant role in child and adult mortality. In particular vitamin A deficiency ranks in top position among factors contributing to blindness, and affect cognitive development in children Thus, while productivity remains the major target for breeders, focusing on grain quality, could be reduced deficiencies of some minerals and provitamin A increasing the concentration of functional compounds and the nutritional value in particular for poor populations that use maize as staple food. Bio-fortification programs could be useful for rich countries where in the last years the attention for nutrigenomic and the demand of gluten-free, vegetarian, vegan and high nutritional value food is growing obtaining products with added value; but mainly for the poor countries where the main goal is to reduce the target population having low intake of these fundamental nutrients. Bio-fortification can use as source of genetic variability landraces and traditional farmers’ varieties. These important genetic sources with their inter-genotypic balance are well-known to have natural variation in important nutraceuticals, which has been lost in several years during the breeding of modern cultivars having a superior nutritional value. Furthermore, in low input system, they present yield stability in response to biotic and a-biotic stresses. In these cases, participatory breeding, involving gene banks and farmers, can have a significant and positive influence ameliorating some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding. In order to explore and identify the genetic variability of Italian and European landraces and traditional farmers varieties and to use these in breeding programs, we performed a pre-breeding activity in collaboration with CREA. With this pre-breeding activity we demonstrated the nutritional superiority of ancient varieties if compared with modern hybrids. In particular Spinato di Gandino is the best variety for milling properties and for oil, protein, and total phosphorus content; Storo is the best variety for calorific value and for carotenoids and free phosphorus content, Nero Spinoso is an interesting variety for nutrient amount in general and mainly for phlobaphenes presence. From these varieties we started a bio-fortification program aimed to obtain new synthesis populations with high nutritional value. In particular we focused on Nero Spinoso. Thanks to the high phlobaphenes content and the good nutritional value Nero Spinoso could be considered as functional foods, able to increase the amount of antioxidants introduced in the diet in fact their high antioxidant power suggests effects similar to the ones of the anthocyanins. Moreover these molecules are thought to have an important role in plant’s resistance against different pathogens and are probably involved in flavonoids antifungal activity: phlobaphenes and other flavonoids are thought to harden maize pericarp, acting as a physical barrier against fungal infection and reducing the mycelial progress from a seed to another. For this reason we decided to recover a P1 gene and we introgressed it in different genetic backgrounds of high performance varities finding that P1 could be a regulator gene that leads to an increase of the pericarp thickness, a decrease of fumonisins accumulation and an increase of phlobaphenes concentration in varieties with the same genetic background that are different only for this allele. Starting from here we can enhance the production and cultivation of corn varieties rich in phlobaphenes in areas characterized by a humid and rainy climate. Our pre-breeding activity was carried out also in South Africa where maize us a staple food for the population. There we characterized from the phenotypical and nutritional points of view one white and one yellow South African landrace maize cultivar obtained directly from the farmers in the rural region of Qwa-Qwa (Free State Province). Our data show that there are no nutritional reasons to prefer the white variety for human consumption, with the exception of the large size of the seeds, which make them particularly adapted for milling. In collaboration with the Vaal University of Technology we started a bio-fortification program using the best European varieties in order to increase the nutritional value of the white variety. We will try to improve protein, Fe and carotenoids amount, contributing in this way to tackle the problem of malnutrition in South African rural areas.
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Sun, Jiawen. "Corps et politique dans la Chine contemporaine : sociologie de la souffrance parmi les anciens jeunes instruits envoyés dans les fermes militaires pendant la Révolution culturelle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0164.
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Dans cette thèse, nous sélectionnons les jeunes instruits (zhiqing) qui ont été envoyés dans des fermes militaires (Bingtuan) pendant la Révolution Culturelle en tant qu’objet de recherche. En analysant leur histoire orale, nous examinons les difficultés et les traumatismes qu’ils ont rencontrés dans leur parcours de vie sous l’angle de la sociologie du corps et de l’anthropologie médicale, afin de trouver les racines sociales et politiques de la souffrance subie par cette « génération perdue ». Premièrement, à l’aide de recherches d’histoire orale et de l’approche de parcours de vie, nous présentons de manière exhaustive les diverses souffrances vécues par différents groupes de zhiqing. Concernant le genre de souffrance, nous explorons à la fois leurs douleurs corporelles et leurs traumatismes mentaux. En termes de nature diachronique de la souffrance, nous abordons les blessures survenues dans le passé et les traumatismes psychologiques ou physiques qui ont eu des effets durables au fil des ans. Deuxièmement, dans le cadre théorique de la sociologie de la valeur, nous analysons la crise des valeurs, la privation et la reconstruction des valeurs vécues par la génération des zhiqing. Nous soulignons que dans le processus de changement social, la privation de valeur multiple subie par les zhiqing était la racine sociale de leur sentiment d’être « perdus ». De plus, les récits collectifs des zhiqing sur leur douleur corporelle reflètent en fait leur espoir que leurs sacrifices seront reconnus par la société et les autorités. Troisièmement, du point de vue historique, nous expliquons les concepts particuliers de politique corporelle qui ont été inculqués à la génération des zhiqing, en tant qu’« hommes nouveaux maoïstes ». Nous examinons la nationalisation, la révolutionnarisation et la collectivisation du corps chinois dans le contexte social du salut national depuis la fin de la dynastie Qing. Nous proposons que la radicalisation des « hommes nouveaux maoïstes » n’est pas le fruit de la contingence, mais de profondes raisons historiques, sociales et politiques. Enfin, nous explorons la possibilité de sauver la vérité historique d’une amnésie structurelle. Notre ambition est d’écrire l’histoire de l’ère maoïste dans un contexte historique et social plus large, et d’intégrer la souffrance des Chinois pendant cette époque à la souffrance humaine universelle, afin que des tragédies similaires ne se reproduisent jamaisIn this thesis, we select the educated youth (zhiqing) who have been sent to the military farms (Bingtuan) during the Cultural Revolution as our objet of research. Through the analysis of their oral history, we examine the difficulties and the traumas those educated youth have encountered in their life-course from the perspective of sociology of the body and medical anthropology, with the aim of finding out the social and political origins of the suffering endured by this “lost generation”. Firstly, by applying the oral history research and the life-course approach, we comprehensively present the various sufferings encountered by different groups of educated youth. Concerning the genre of suffering, we explore their physical pain and mental trauma. In terms of the diachronic nature of suffering, we interrogate the injuries that have occurred in the past and the psychological or physical traumas that have had lasting effects over the years. Secondly, within the theoretical framework of the sociology of value, we analyze the value crisis, the deprivation and the reconstruction of values experienced by the generation of educated youth. We point out that the multiple deprivations of value suffered by the zhiqing during the process of social change have been exactly the social origin of their sense of “being lost”. In addition, the collective narratives of the educated youths about their physical pain actually reflect their hope that society and the authorities would recognize their sacrifices. Thirdly, from a historical perspective, we explain the particular concepts of body politics that the generation of educated youth, generally regarded as the “Maoist New Men”, has been inculcated. We examine the nationalization, the revolutionization and the collectivization of the Chinese body in the social context of national salvation since the end of the Qing dynasty. We propose that the radicalization of the “Maoist New Men” is not the result of contingency, but of deep historical, social and political reasons. Finally, we explore the possibility of saving the historical truth from the structural amnesia. Our ambition is to write the history of the Maoist era in a broader historical and social context, and to integrate the suffering of the Chinese during this era with the universal human suffering, so that similar tragedies would never happen again
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REB, GERARD. "Valeurs intrinseques des verbes pronominaux en francais moderne et en ancien francais : etude descriptive et theorique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR20031.
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Les verbes pronominaux representent un cas typique de la relation anaphorique : celle-ci a fait l'objet d'etudes descriptives et theoriques dans le cadre de la grammaire de tesniere et dans celui de la grammaigenerative developpant la theorie du gouvernement et du liage. Elles aboutissent a deux analyses differentes et incompatibles de la notion linguistique d'anaphore : une approche essentiellement semantique d'une part et une approche essentiellement referentielle d'autre part. Ces descriptions divergentes soulevent le probleme de la definition meme du concept d'anaphore, concept charniere entre la syntaxe et la semantique. La grammaire applicative universelle (g. A. U. ) est un modele linguistique capable d'unifier la description syntaxique et semantique de la relation anaphorique. Usant en outre des concepts de la logique combinatoire, g. A. U. Dispose d'un formalisme compatible avec des representations informatiques. Elle permet de representer formellement, par des expressions combinatoires, les termes de la loi linguistique de la relation reflexive anaphorique specifique du systeme semiotique des langues naturelles. La relation anaphorique est en effet a la base de la predication : d'une part elle se realise dans deux types de constructions : la construction intransitive et la construction transitive, reliees fonctionnellement, et d'autre part, elle se realise dans des types de structures caracteristiques des types de langues, langues accusatives et langues ergatives. De par son fonctionnement operatoire, qui privilegie la relation du predicat a l'operande second, la relation anaphorique se construit a partir de deux types de predicats anaphoriques complexes : le predicat anaphorique accusatif et le predicat anaphorique ergatif. Ceux ci construisent differents types de structures reflexives anaphoriques, reliees par des operations internes, constituant ainsi un systeme fonctionnant en synchronie et en diachronie : les predicats anaphoriques engendrent un sous-systeme predicatif intrinseque et autonome inclus dans le systeme general des langues naturellesPronominal verbs represent a typical case of anaphoric relation which has been the subject of descriptive and theoretical studies within the context of the grammar by tesniere and that of the generative grammar developing the theory of government and binding. These studies lead to two different and incompatible analyses of the linguistic notion of an anaphora : an essentially semantic approach on the one hand, and an essentially referential approach on the other hand. These differing descriptions raise the problem of the very definition of the concept of an anaphora, an interlinking concept between syntax and semantics. The universal applicative grammar (uag) is a linguistic model able to unify the syntaxic and semantic description of an aphoric relation : moreover using concepts of combinatory logic, uag has a formalism compatible with computer representations. It enables to represent formally, by combinatory expressions, the terms of the linguistic law of the anaphoric reflexive relation specific of the semiotic system of natural languages. In fact the anaphoric relation is at the root of the predication : on the one hand it is realized in two kinds of constructions : the intransitive construction and the transitive construction, linked functionally, an on the other hand, it is realized in kinds of structures characteristic of kinds on languages such as the accusative and ergative languages. By its functioning which favours the relation between the predicate and the second operand, the anaphoric relation is realized with two kinds complex anaphoric predicates : the accusative anaphoric predicate and the ergative anaphoric predicate. The latter build different kinds of anaphoric reflexive structures, linked by internal operations, forming thus a system working in synchrony and diachrony : anaphoric predicates generate an intrinsic and autonomous sub-system included in the general system of natural languages
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Wall, Emilia. "Erotic Tokens and The Business of Prostitution : A study on the monetary value of tokens in Pompeii." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Antikens kultur och samhällsliv, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386148.
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Erotic tokens or the so-called spintriae leave little to the imagination. These coin-like tokens depict acts of love making couples with Roman numerals on the reverse. The tokens are believed to have been in use during the 1st century A.D. and is often attributed to the reign of Tiberius. The material examined in the thesis are the four spintriae from Uppsala University Coin Cabinet. Due to the specific characteristics, scholars have been questioning the function of the erotic tokens. The most accredited hypothesis is that erotic tokens was used as payment in brothels. The purpose of this thesis is to discern whether the erotic tokens had a monetary value in Pompeii. The study also aims to examine if the tokens were used as payment in brothels instead of contemporary currencies and as to why the reason for this could be. To be able to discern a purpose, function and value of erotic tokens, three analyses on the basis of graffiti, iconography and ancient literature are made.
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Gargam, Céline. "Contribution de la radiographie à l'étude du mobilier archéologique : méthodologie pour la mise en valeur de l'information (réalisation, interprétation, traitement graphique des clichés)." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20021.
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La technique radiographique participe, depuis son invention, à l'étude du mobilier archéologique. Elle constitue aujourd'hui une méthode d'examen privilégiée du mobilier issu de fouilles. Toutefois, aucune méthodologie n'avait été proposée jusqu'alors, qui tienne compte de la spécificité de nos objets d'étude. Ce manque est pallié par le présent travail, qui aborde dans une première partie la réalisation des clichés et les étapes en amont de cette phase. Une seconde partie traite de l'interprétation des radiographies (identification de la forme de l'objet et des actions qui ont abouti à cette forme). Une troisième partie est consacrée aux traitements graphiques entrepris à partir de la numérisation des radiographies. Cette méthodologie a été testée sur différents exemples archéologiques : tout en illustrant de manière concrète les propositions faites dans les chapitres précédents, elle montre l'importance des échanges entre archéologues, radiologues et conservateurs-restaurateursSince its development, radiography techniques have frequently been used in the study of archaeological findings. Today, radiography constitutes one of the favoured methods of examination of excavated objects. However, no reliable methodologies have been proposed to date which takes into account the specificity of the archaeological objects. This shortcoming is mitigated by the present study. The first part of this study focus on both the technical and practical aspects of radiography. The second part deals with the interpretation of radiographs (shape of the object and actions that result in this shape). A third part is devoted to images and drawings from radiography by integrating them with new techniques available from Information Technology. This methodology has been put into practice on archaeological objects. While accurately illustrating the proposals made in previous chapters, it also shows the importance of exchange between archaeologists, radiologists and restorers
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Birgalias, Nicolaos. "L'éducation spartiate : problèmes et controverses." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080829.
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L'education de sparte fut, de l'antiquite a nos jours, un sujet de preference des auteurs de diverses disciplines dont l'approche oscille entre l'eloge et le blame. Par une demarche historiographique, on a etudie les problemes et les controverses que cette education peut soulever et on a essaye d'organiser en systeme tous les elements qui se referent a elle, de sorte qu'on puisse comprendre et situer cette education dans son contexte historique et expliquer les raisons de la diversite interpretative creee au cours des siecles. L'education spartiate incarne l'ideal de l'hoplite-citoyen tel qu'il resulte apres la reforme hoplitique, a sparte, a la fin de la seconde guerre de messenie, ou on constate des mutations entre les valeurs aristocratiques et hoplitiques. A une epoque ou la fonction politique et la fonction guerriere du citoyen sont indissociables, l'education spartiate est a la fois guerriere puisqu'elle suggere une atmosphere de guerre, et politique puisqu'elle est une condition sine qua non pour le plein exercice des droits civiques a sparte. Ce type d'education apparait vers la fin du viie siecle et dure jusqu'a la fin du ve siecle av. J. -c. . A partir du moment ou, a l'education, participent d'autres couches sociales (apres le milieu du ve siecle) et le mercenaire commence peu a peu a effacer le citoyen-soldat (au cours de et apres la guerre du peloponnese), cet ideal recoit un coup decisif. Ce type d'education ne sera desormais qu'un "souvenir" de jadis. Depuis, des speculations ideologiques ou politiques jaillissent. L'education spartiate est un sujet qui revient et sert d'exemole a imiter ou a eviter chaque fois qu'une societe, dans des moments historiques differents, traverse une crise d'identite et doit faire face a une reorganisation sociale ou un elargissement du corps civiqueThe spartan education, a favourite subject of authors of several disciplines has been sanctioned since antiquity with praise and blame. Through a historiographical approach, we tried to study the problems and the controversies that this education can razise and present the elements refering to it in order to understand and situate the spartan education in its historical context and to explain the reasons of the diversity of interpretations developed along the centuries. The spartan education incarnates the ideal of the hoplite-citizen as it appears after the hoplitic reform in sparta at the end of the 2nd messenian war, when some important interactions between aristocratic and hoplitic values are observed. At a time when the citizen's political functions are not to be dissociated from his functions as a worrior, this type of education is at the same time warlike, since it suggests an atmosphere of war, and political, since it is a necessary condition for the full exercise of the civil rights in sparta. This educational ideal appears over the end of 7th century b. C. And lasts until the end of the 5th century b. C. . When the spartan education is extended to other social strata (by the middle of the 5th century b. C. ) and when the mercenary, little by little, replaces the soldier-citizen (during and after the eloponesian war), this ideal is definitely fading away. This kind of education is now nothing but a memory of the old times. Since then, ideological or political speculations emerge. Pspartan education becomes an example to follow or to avoid every time that a society, in different historical moments, has to overcome an identity crisis and reorganize or widen its civic struture
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Swinney, Tyler C. "Sources of Variability in Ceramic Artifacts Recovered from Refuse-Filled Pit Features at the Hahn’s Field Site, Hamilton County, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427983448.
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Halstad, Elsa. "De la fibre à l'étoffe : archéologie, production et usages des textiles de Nubie et du Soudan anciens à l'époque méroïtique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30058/document.
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Mon sujet de thèse vise à étudier tous les aspects de la production textile au Soudan à l’époque méroïtique (300 avant J.-C. – 400 après J.-C.). En tant que production artisanale, les tissus sont les fruits de très nombreuses étapes de fabrication, depuis la culture de la fibre à sa transformation en fils, et jusqu’au tissage. Les textiles sont également un des piliers de la culture matérielle des sociétés antiques. Ils y remplissaient des fonctions très variées, liées à l’habillement ou au mobilier, dans tous les contextes, aussi bien urbains, cultuels, que funéraires. D’autres questions devront être abordées, comme celle du commerce avec le monde romain, ou celle de la place de la production textile soudanaise dans les espaces plus larges de la vallée du Nil ou du monde méditerranéen. Ma thèse aura pour objectif de documenter tous ces thèmes, touchants différents domaines comme l’archéobotanie, les études textiles, les analyses iconographiques, l’archéologie et l’histoire.Mon travail consistera à rassembler et analyser les outils, les tissus et les reliefs montrant des costumes, chaque groupe documentaire éclairant un ou plusieurs aspects de la production textile. Il s’agira aussi d’observer les contextes archéologiques afin de déterminer les différentes modalités de production et d’utilisation des tissus. Une telle étude, se basant sur un riche corpus d’objets souvent inédits, permettra d’illustrer un domaine peu connu de la culture matérielle et économique du Soudan méroïtique. This research aims to study every aspects of textile production in ancient Sudan and Nubia during the Meroitic period (300 BC – AD 600). Textiles are the result of a multi-faceted craft which involves a long and complex chaîne opératoire, from growing and harvesting the fibres to spinning, weaving, dyeing and sewing. Fabrics and cloths also played a central role in the material culture of ancient societies. They fulfilled numerous and varied functions related to clothing or furnishing in many everyday-life contexts, such as the house, the town, or the temple, but also during the after-life, taking part in funerary rituals and protecting the deceased. This study moreover considers the economic aspects of textile production, notably trade with the Roman provinces and the integration of the Sudanese production into larger geographical regions along the Nile valley and the Mediterranean basin.My doctoral thesis explores these different themes following a multidisciplinary approach, using methods from the fields of archaeobotany, textile studies, iconographic analysis, archaeology and history. The work is based on the gathering of hundreds of previously unpublished data in 3 databases: textiles from old and new excavations, textile production implements, and images of costumes on various media. In correlation with the study of archaeological contexts and findspots, the analysis of each corpus illustrates, for the first time, the diversity of Meroitic textile production and usage. In doing so, this research participates in a recent effort in Sudanese archaeology to shed light on the little-known material culture and economic history of the Meroitic kingdom
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Hinkelman, Sarah Ann Hinkelman. "From Formal to Efficient: Variation in Projectile Point Manufacture and Morphology from the Late Woodland to Fort Ancient Period in the Middle Ohio River Valley." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524151626516352.
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Durozoy, Anne-Sophie Migl Joachim Rohlfing Helmut. "La bibliothèque d'Etat et d'Université de Basse-Saxe, Göttingen conservation, communication et mise en valeur des livres anciens Historische Gebaüde, Bâtiment historique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/rsdurozoy.pdf.
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Chevrier, Florie. "Chauffage au bois et qualité de l’air en Vallée de l’Arve : définition d’un système de surveillance et impact d’une politique de rénovation du parc des appareils anciens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU020/document.
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La combustion de la biomasse est l’une des sources majoritaires de particules atmosphériques en périodes hivernales dans les vallées alpines, et particulièrement en vallée de l’Arve où des dépassements des seuils européens sont très régulièrement observés. Ceci a conduit à la mise en place d’un large programme de remplacement des dispositifs de chauffage au bois les moins performants dans le cadre d’une des actions du Plan de Protection de l’Atmosphère, le Fond Air Bois. Le projet DECOMBIO (DÉconvolution de la contribution de la COMbustion de la BIOmasse aux PM10 dans la vallée de l’Arve) a ainsi été mis en place en octobre 2013 afin de mesurer l’impact de cette politique de rénovation des appareils de chauffage au bois sur la qualité de l’air. C’est dans ce programme que s’inscrivent ces travaux de thèse dont l’objectif principal est de valider les méthodologies mises en place en routine pour permettre une déconvolution rapide de la combustion de la biomasse et mettre en relation les éventuels changements observés avec les avancées des remplacements de dispositifs de chauffage au bois domestiques.Pour mener à bien ce travail, trois sites, représentant les différentes situations de la vallée de l’Arve, ont été instrumentés (Marnaz, Passy et Chamonix) afin de suivre en continu, et tout au long du projet DECOMBIO, l’évolution des concentrations atmosphériques du Black Carbon (BC) et des traceurs moléculaires permettant de distinguer la contribution de la combustion de la biomasse des autres types de combustion. Un important jeu de données a été acquis entre novembre 2013 et octobre 2014 grâce à des prélèvements réguliers sur filtre permettant une caractérisation très fine de la composition chimique des particules atmosphériques. L’utilisation de l’approche statistique « Positive Matrix Factorization » (PMF) a permis de mieux appréhender les différentes sources entrant en jeu dans les émissions de particules au sein de cette vallée avec notamment un intérêt particulier pour les émissions de la combustion de la biomasse. Le développement de cette méthodologie d’attribution et de quantification des sources de particules basé sur l’utilisation de traceurs organiques spécifiques, de contraintes particulières appliquées à ce modèle et de données de déconvolution de la matière carbonée constitue une avancée importante dans la définition des facteurs sources issus de ce modèle.Les méthodologies développées au cours de ce travail, permettant une amélioration des connaissances et des contributions des sources, constituent donc des outils directement utilisables par les Associations Agréées de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air (AASQA), notamment pour l’évaluation quantitative des mesures prises pour améliorer la qualité de l’air dans le cadre de Plans de Protection de l’Atmosphère, entre autres celui de la vallée de l’ArveBiomass burning is one of the major sources of atmospheric particles during wintertime in Alpine valleys, and more especially in the Arve valley where exceedances of the European regulated limit value are regularly observed. This situation led to the establishment of an important program of replacement of old wood stoves with new ones as part of an action of an Atmospheric Protection Plan (APP), the “Fonds Air Bois”. The research program DECOMBIO (“DÉconvolution de la contribution de la COMbustion de la BIOmasse aux PM10 dans la vallée de l’Arve”) has been set up in October 2013 to estimate the impact of this wood stoves renewal policy on air quality. This thesis works be incorporated within this program and have for main objective to validate methodologies used in routine to enable a fast deconvolution of the biomass burning source and to compare any observed changes with progress of wood stove changeout.To complete this work, three sites, representing the different situations of the Arve valley, were instrumented (Marnaz, Passy and Chamonix) to monitor the continuing evolution of atmospheric concentrations of Black Carbon (BC) and molecular markers enabling to distinguish between the biomass burning contribution and that of other types of combustion. A large dataset was acquired between November 2013 and October 2014 thanks to regular filter samples enabling a vast chemical characterization of PM10. The use of statistical analysis “Positive Matrix Factorization” (PMF) has led to an enhanced appreciation of particle emission sources within this valley with a focus on biomass burning emissions. The development of this methodology of identification and source apportionment based on the use of specific organic markers, specific constraints and data from carbonaceous matter deconvolution is an important progress in definition of factors from this model.The developed methodologies during this work, enabling an improvement of knowledges and source apportionment, are tools directly usable by French Accredited Associations for Air Quality Monitoring, especially for the quantitative assessment of actions introduced to improve air quality as part of Atmospheric Protection Plans, for example the one in the Arve valley
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Erbén, Tova. "Une étude diachronique du suffixe -ard : un examen du sens de quelques mots médiévaux." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146838.
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This study examines the supposedly pejorative nature of the Germanic derived suffix -ard in French medieval words and their contemporary counterparts. The author looks at the words used in medieval writings available in the online database Frantext Moyen Français, which features texts dating from the year 1330 to 1502. The study reveals that while a large portion of the words ending in -ard in this database can be considered pejorative, a group of words does not carry this connotation, such as words referring to colours or objects. Some words were pejorative in Old French but have lost this connotation over time, while others have disappeared only to reappear centuries later with new meanings. The study also shows that -ard was used to form many types of words – nouns, verbs and adjectives – which take their derivation from several different languages (e.g. Latin, Dutch, Spanish etc.). Sometimes it also seems to appear without any obvious reason, for example when it replaces an already existing suffix. Because of the changeable nature of language, words carrying the ending -ard must be examined in the context in which they occur in order to be properly understood.
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Campbell, Matthieu. "Le plaisir dans la pensée d’Aristote : physiologie, essence, valeur et usage." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040069/document.
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Cette étude réexamine la théorie aristotélicienne du plaisir en analysant les textes qui s’approchent au plus près d’une définition du concept, et en mesurant les présupposés et les enjeux de leur contenu doctrinal dans l’ensemble de la philosophie d’Aristote. Elle est organisée autour d’un commentaire suivi de Ethique à Nicomaque X 3-4, où le statut du plaisir se trouve précisément déterminé : au sein d’un unique acte cognitif pensé comme une activité continuellement parfaite, le plaisir est à la fois la satisfaction avérée de notre bon exercice, et l’incitation à le continuer tel quel. Cette étude exige une élucidation de l’opposition entre « activité » (energeia) et mouvement, mais aussi un examen préalable de certains présupposés : nous reconsidérons, notamment à partir des traités de psychologie, les caractéristiques formelles de la sensation, paradigme de l’activité plaisante, et montrons que les plaisirs n’obéissant pas au même paradigme, et d’abord les satisfactions des appétits corporels, ne sont pas pour Aristote des plaisirs effectifs. Le dernier moment de notre étude est consacré à évaluer la théorie par rapport à sa destination, le savoir dont doit disposer l’éducateur pour produire les vertus et le bonheur : à partir des éléments fournis par Aristote, il s’avère difficile, bien que nécessaire, de distinguer le plaisir du bien auquel on doit tendre ; il est également malaisé de penser et d’évaluer les plaisirs que l’éducation doit réguler, mais aussi ceux qu’elle doit atteindre (celui de la meilleure pratique et celui de la meilleure contemplation)I scrutinize Aristotle’s theory of pleasure by analysing the texts that define the concept as closely as can be, and by assessing the presuppositions and the stakes of this definition within Aristotle’s philosophy as a whole. My study is centred upon a commentary of Nicomachean Ethics X, 3-4 where the status of pleasure is enlightened with precision: located within a unique act of cognition (which is essentially a perfect and perpetual activity), pleasure is both an aspect that reveals our good functioning, and an incentive for us to keep it working in the exact same way. I explore the elements presupposed by this account, elucidating the opposition between “activity” (energeia) and process, and before, giving a new light to the formal features of the paradigm of a pleasant activity, i. e. perception, as it is conceived in the psychological treatises. I also explain how pleasures that do not follow this paradigm, i. e. bodily pleasures, are not seen by Aristotle as some effective pleasures at all. The last phase in this work is devoted to an assessment of the discourse on pleasure according to its aim: delivering to a teacher the knowledge he needs in order to produce virtues and happiness. I underline that, from the elements given by Aristotle, it is difficult, but necessary, to make a distinction between the pleasure one can feel at goodness and this very same goodness towards which one must strive. It is quite as difficult to conceive and evaluate all the forms of pleasure education has to regulate, as well as those that it must lead one to feel (pleasure deriving from the best practice, or from the best contemplation)
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Patton, Paul E. "A PROCESSUAL APPROACH TO HOCKING VALLEY, OHIO, PREHISTORIC CERAMICS USING EDX AND XRD ANALYSIS." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180051803.
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Radermecker, Anne-Sophie. "La valeur marchande du nom d'artiste. Une étude empirique sur le marché de la peinture flamande (1946-2015)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/285721.
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À partir d’une base de données de plus de 13 000 résultats de vente de tableaux flamands (XVe-XVIe siècles), l’objectif de la recherche est d’analyser la réception marchande du nom d’artiste, et la façon dont les différentes stratégies d’identification exploitées pour conférer une identité aux tableaux anciens affectent la propension à payer des acheteurs. Après une introduction à la problématique du nom d’artiste et sa réception critique dans différents domaines de recherche (linguistique, histoire de l’art, sciences cognitives, marketing, économie), la création d’un indice des prix permet de retracer pour la première fois l’évolution du marché de la peinture flamande entre 1946 et 2015, et de procéder à l’identification des principales variables intervenant dans la formation des prix. Un premier volet est consacré au marché des tableaux déterminés, pour lesquels le nom de l’artiste est connu. Successivement sont envisagés les marchés des œuvres autographes (noms de marque historiques), de Pieter II Brueghel (nom de marque premium) et des œuvres de collaboration (co-branding). Le second volet porte sur le marché des tableaux indéterminés, soit des biens pour lesquels l’identité de l’artiste demeure inconnue. Les différentes alternatives nominales de l’échantillon font l’objet d’études de cas approfondies, portant successivement sur l’économie des degrés d’attribution (noms indirects), les maîtres à noms de convention (noms fictifs) et les désignations spatio-temporelles. La question des réattributions est envisagée dans un dernier temps (rebranding). La principale contribution de cette étude est de démontrer que sur le marché de l’art ancien, non seulement les noms historiques importent, mais également les multiples alternatives nominales utilisées par les parties prenantes des champs savant et marchand pour labelliser les œuvres indéterminées. Noms indirects, noms provisoires et désignations spatio-temporelles fonctionnent comme des labels qui participent à la création de valeur autour des tableaux flamands. Ces stratégies d’identification réduisent significativement l’incertitude et l’asymétrie d’information qui pèsent sur l’identité de l’artiste et/ou les origines de l’œuvre, tout en affectant différemment les prix de vente en fonction du degré d’information véhiculé et de son efficacité. Du point de vue du marché, toute œuvre d’art peut ainsi être perçue comme un agrégat d’informations, parfois plus estimé que l’objet physique per se.Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Brown, Emma L. "Investigating the use of coca and other psychoactive plants in Pre-Columbian mummies from Chile and Peru. An analytical investigation into the feasibility of testing ancient hair for drug compounds." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5785.
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Psychoactive plants have played a significant role in Andean cultures for millennia. Whilst there is evidence of the importance of psychoactive plants in the Andean archaeological record, none of these are direct proof that these culturally significant plants were used by ancient Andean populations.
This project utilised liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the use of psychoactive plants in individuals from cemetery sites in Chile and Peru by analysing hair specimens for a variety of psychoactive compounds.
Hair specimens from 46 individuals buried at cemetery sites in the Azapa Valley (northern Chile) belonging to the Cabuza culture (c AD 300 ¿ 1000) indicated around half of these people ingested coca, as evidenced by the detection of BZE in hair specimens. Two individuals from this population tested positive for bufotenine, the main alkaloid in Anadenanthera snuff. There is a specific material culture associated with snuffing. These findings confirm Anadenanthera was consumed in the Azapa Valley.
The 11 individuals from Peru came from the necropolis at Puruchuco-Huaquerones in the Rímac valley near Lima. These individuals belonged to the Ichma culture, but would have been under Inca imperial control during the Late Horizon. Although only a small sample, two-thirds tested positive for BZE, suggestive that access to coca was widespread.
This project presents a synthesis of the archaeological evidence for the use of various psychoactive plants in Andes. Also presented is the first report of the detection of bufotenine in ancient hair samples and additional data contributing to the understanding of the use of coca in the Andes.Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). Andy Jagger and Francis Raymond Hudson funds at the University of Bradford
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Brown, Emma Louise. "Investigating the use of coca and other psychoactive plants in Pre-Columbian mummies from Chile and Peru : an analytical investigation into the feasibility of testing ancient hair for drug compounds." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5785.
Full textAbstract:
Psychoactive plants have played a significant role in Andean cultures for millennia. Whilst there is evidence of the importance of psychoactive plants in the Andean archaeological record, none of these are direct proof that these culturally significant plants were used by ancient Andean populations. This project utilised liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the use of psychoactive plants in individuals from cemetery sites in Chile and Peru by analysing hair specimens for a variety of psychoactive compounds. Hair specimens from 46 individuals buried at cemetery sites in the Azapa Valley (northern Chile) belonging to the Cabuza culture (c AD 300 ¿ 1000) indicated around half of these people ingested coca, as evidenced by the detection of BZE in hair specimens. Two individuals from this population tested positive for bufotenine, the main alkaloid in Anadenanthera snuff. There is a specific material culture associated with snuffing. These findings confirm Anadenanthera was consumed in the Azapa Valley. The 11 individuals from Peru came from the necropolis at Puruchuco-Huaquerones in the Rímac valley near Lima. These individuals belonged to the Ichma culture, but would have been under Inca imperial control during the Late Horizon. Although only a small sample, two-thirds tested positive for BZE, suggestive that access to coca was widespread. This project presents a synthesis of the archaeological evidence for the use of various psychoactive plants in Andes. Also presented is the first report of the detection of bufotenine in ancient hair samples and additional data contributing to the understanding of the use of coca in the Andes.
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Bebber, Michelle Rae. "UNDERSTANDING TEMPER SELECTION IN THE PREHISTORIC CERAMIC SEQUENCE OF THE SCIOTO RIVER VALLEY, ROSS COUNTY, OHIO (500 B.C. – AD 1400)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479821741762486.
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Girardin, Antonin. "(Re)produire la ville à l'heure néolibérale : à la recherche de la valeur urbaine : comparaison croisée de quatre anciens quartiers industriels Français (Caen, Le Havre) et Allemands (Leipzig, Dresde)." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR074.
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Ces quarante dernières années sont marquées par le triomphe de la doctrine politique et économique néolibérale à l’échelle globale. Si les mécanismes globaux de dérégulation des marchés et de recomposition des compromis sociaux induits par cette doctrine sont bien connus, la géographie urbaine peine encore à en identifier et à en qualifier l’importance sur la production locale de la ville, particulièrement en France où la tradition planificatrice et la puissance publique restent fortes. Pourtant, concomitante à l’émergence de l’urbanisme par projet et à la diffusion, à une grande diversité de contextes locaux, de modèles urbains génériques comme la « ville durable » ou la « ville créative », etc., la néolibéralisation pose la question d’une transformation radicale du système de production de la ville dans son ensemble. Cette transformation ne touche pas uniquement les politiques d’aménagement, mais concerne plus globalement une grande partie des normes et des valeurs qui président la conception, les représentations et les appropriations de la ville contemporaine, c’est-à-dire des principes qui servent de guide à l’évaluation et à la légitimation des politiques urbaines et des compromis de classe qui les permettent. Analysant et articulant ces transformations locales dans quatre anciens quartiers industriels de villes moyennes françaises et allemandes qui ont connu d’intenses processus de renouvellement urbain depuis près de trente ans, ce travail interroge les processus de revalorisation urbaine dans des espaces pourtant fortement dévalorisés au début des années 1990. Ce retour sur une longue période (1990-2020), vise à montrer que cette revalorisation prend la forme d’un processus de recapitalisation de l’espace qui articule valeurs symboliques et Valeur marchande, selon un cycle précis de subordination des premières à la seconde, qui apparait typique du processus de la destruction/créatrice néolibéral ; et dans lequel se cimente un nouveau compromis de classe entre la bourgeoisie immobilière et des fractions des classes intermédiaires, fortement dotées en capital culturelThe past forty years have been deeply impacted by the triumph of the neoliberal doctrine on a global scale, as much on the political as on the economic level. Overall, the mechanisms of market deregulation and the reorganization of social compromises induced by this doctrine are well known. But urban geography is still struggling to identify and qualify their importance for the city's local production, particularly in France where the planning tradition and public institutions remain strong. Concomitant with the emergence of urban planning by project and with the dissemination, on a great diversity of local contexts, of generic urban models such as the “sustainable city” or the “creative city”, etc., neoliberalization raises the question of a radical transformation of the production system of the city as a whole. This transformation does not only affect planning policies, but it concerns more generally a significant portion of the standards and values which preside over the design, the representations and the appropriations of the contemporary city. In other words, it has an effect on principles which serve as a guide for evaluating and legitimizing urban policies and the class compromises that allow them. By analyzing and articulating these local transformations in four former industrial districts of medium-sized French and German cities which have undergone an intense process of urban renewal for almost thirty years, this work questions the processes of urban revaluation in areas that were nevertheless strongly devalued at the beginning of the 1990s. This review, which covers a long period of time (1990-2020), aims to show that this revaluation takes the form of a process of recapitalization of the urban space which articulates symbolic values and Market value, according to a precise cycle of subordination of the first to the second, which appears typical of the neoliberal destruction / creative process; and in which a new class compromise is cemented between the real estate bourgeoisie and fractions of the middle classes, strongly endowed with cultural capital
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Rezaei, Kokab. "Réhabilitation, restauration et mise en valeur du secteur sauvegardé de la ville de Lille : Etude de géographie urbaine." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50377-1999-9-1.pdf.
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Abu-Azizeh, Wael. "Occupation et mise en valeur des périphéries désertiques du Proche-Orient au Chalcolithique Bronze ancien : le cas de la région de al-Thulaythuwat dans le sud de la Jordanie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS014S.
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Ce travail qui s'inscrit dans le contexte d'un intérêt grandissant porté par la recherche archéologique à l'étude des phénomènes d'occupation associés aux sociétés pastorales nomades protohistoriques du Proche-Orient s'est attaché à l'exploration d'une région encore méconnue du désert jordanien méridional: celle de al-Thulaythuwat, une zone de contact entre les périphéries désertiques du Néguev et du Sinaï à l'ouest d'une part, et l'immensité du désert du nord de l'Arabie d'autre part. S'appuyant sur une démarche méthodologique originale (télédétection, photographie aérienne) son principal objectif a été d'apporter des données inédites et une documentation permettant de vérifier l'hypothèse déjà pressentie par l'exploration antérieure d'une extension du peuplement au cours du Chalcolithique/Bronze ancien dans cette zone charnière. L'étude a permis de mettre en évidence la diversité des formes d'occupation allant du campement pastoral temporaire à l'établissement permanent, qui reflètent des stratégies multiples d'exploitation et de mise en valeur des périphéries désertiques. La pratique d'un pastoralisme spécialisé, associé à une organisation sociale complexe de populations pastorales nomades, et le développement de réseaux d'échange à l'échelle régionale sont deux aspects dégagés par l'étude de cette occupation désertique du Chalcolithique/Bronze ancienThis work comes within the framework of a growing concern of the archaeological research towards the study of pastoral nomadic societies of the Near East. It focused on a hitherto unexplored area of southern Jordan's desert: the area of al-Thulaythuwat, at close contact with both the Sinai and Negev peninsula to the west and the Arabian Gulf to the south. Primary aim of this work was to bring new data and documentation as to the possible extension of the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze age settlement in this key area, as already suggested by previous work in neighbouring zones. The diversity of the settlement patterns evidenced by small temporary to larger permanent sites is bringing new light about the variety of pastoral strategies and human management of the landscape. Among those, specialized pastoral practices linked to complex ranked societies and the development of trade and exchange networks during the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze age are two aspects of the desert settlement evidenced by this study
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Campbell, Matthieu. "Le plaisir dans la pensée d’Aristote : physiologie, essence, valeur et usage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040069.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude réexamine la théorie aristotélicienne du plaisir en analysant les textes qui s’approchent au plus près d’une définition du concept, et en mesurant les présupposés et les enjeux de leur contenu doctrinal dans l’ensemble de la philosophie d’Aristote. Elle est organisée autour d’un commentaire suivi de Ethique à Nicomaque X 3-4, où le statut du plaisir se trouve précisément déterminé : au sein d’un unique acte cognitif pensé comme une activité continuellement parfaite, le plaisir est à la fois la satisfaction avérée de notre bon exercice, et l’incitation à le continuer tel quel. Cette étude exige une élucidation de l’opposition entre « activité » (energeia) et mouvement, mais aussi un examen préalable de certains présupposés : nous reconsidérons, notamment à partir des traités de psychologie, les caractéristiques formelles de la sensation, paradigme de l’activité plaisante, et montrons que les plaisirs n’obéissant pas au même paradigme, et d’abord les satisfactions des appétits corporels, ne sont pas pour Aristote des plaisirs effectifs. Le dernier moment de notre étude est consacré à évaluer la théorie par rapport à sa destination, le savoir dont doit disposer l’éducateur pour produire les vertus et le bonheur : à partir des éléments fournis par Aristote, il s’avère difficile, bien que nécessaire, de distinguer le plaisir du bien auquel on doit tendre ; il est également malaisé de penser et d’évaluer les plaisirs que l’éducation doit réguler, mais aussi ceux qu’elle doit atteindre (celui de la meilleure pratique et celui de la meilleure contemplation)I scrutinize Aristotle’s theory of pleasure by analysing the texts that define the concept as closely as can be, and by assessing the presuppositions and the stakes of this definition within Aristotle’s philosophy as a whole. My study is centred upon a commentary of Nicomachean Ethics X, 3-4 where the status of pleasure is enlightened with precision: located within a unique act of cognition (which is essentially a perfect and perpetual activity), pleasure is both an aspect that reveals our good functioning, and an incentive for us to keep it working in the exact same way. I explore the elements presupposed by this account, elucidating the opposition between “activity” (energeia) and process, and before, giving a new light to the formal features of the paradigm of a pleasant activity, i. e. perception, as it is conceived in the psychological treatises. I also explain how pleasures that do not follow this paradigm, i. e. bodily pleasures, are not seen by Aristotle as some effective pleasures at all. The last phase in this work is devoted to an assessment of the discourse on pleasure according to its aim: delivering to a teacher the knowledge he needs in order to produce virtues and happiness. I underline that, from the elements given by Aristotle, it is difficult, but necessary, to make a distinction between the pleasure one can feel at goodness and this very same goodness towards which one must strive. It is quite as difficult to conceive and evaluate all the forms of pleasure education has to regulate, as well as those that it must lead one to feel (pleasure deriving from the best practice, or from the best contemplation)
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Klintberger, Wändahl Anna. "Kiviksgraven : analys av dess historia och framtid sett utifrån bevaringsfrågor." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-306.
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This essay focuses upon the Kivik monument and its conservation difficulties, since its discovery at 1748 until modern time. The Kivik monument is found in southeast of Scania, and dated within the Bronze Age period. The perspective of the conservation on the monument has merely been on the monuments inner cist of stone and the rock carvings on the cist-slabs. When the monument was first archaeological examined at 1931, its sizeable cairn (75 m in diameter) had almost vanished and the cist was sheltered by a casing of concrete and metal roof. Between 1932 and 1933 the monument has undergone a large-scale restoration, and this criticized restoration resulted in a low antiquarian value with the responsible authority. With a low antiquarian value, the protection of ancient monuments by national laws is nearly none and the interest by responsible authority is insignificantly. This has lead to substandard preservation of the monument and its surrounding area. By comparing the Kivik monument with the monument Ales stones, who undergone equal restorations, I discovered that Ales stones is still considered an intact ancient monument with a high antiquarian value with the responsible authority and therefore in a good state of preservation. This is probably a result of that the restorations of the Kivik monument contain none authentic material as concrete and its museological construction, which Ales stones is not and therefore perceived as a genuine ancient monument.
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GUARDIANO, LORENZO. "IL CIELO DEI FARAONI. I SOFFITTI ASTRONOMICI NEL NUOVO REGNO IN EGITTO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/940666.
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Il presente lavoro intende offrire uno studio sistemati-co di tutti i soffitti che contengono raffigurazioni o testi di natura astronomica databili al Nuovo Regno in Egitto, dei quali fornisce anche un’edizione critica. Tali soffitti si trovano nei templi funerari e nelle tom-be dei sovrani della XIX e della XX dinastia, oltre che in due tombe private. L’edizione congiunta di tutti i soffitti ha permesso, in molti casi, di reinterpretare il significato delle singole composizioni alla luce del contesto in cui esse sono inserite e, talvolta, di ridefi-nire il significato stesso del monumento che le ospita in riferimento al messaggio politico che tali raffigura-zioni potevano veicolare per i sovrani che le fecero realizzare.This work aims to offer a systematic study of all the ceilings containing representations or texts of an as-tronomical nature dated to the New Kingdom in Egypt, of which it also provides a critical edition. These ceilings are found in funerary temples and in the tombs of pharaohs of the 19th and 20th dynasty, as well as in two private tombs. The joint edition of all the ceilings has allowed, in many cases, to reinterpret the meaning of the individual compositions in the light of the context in which they are inserted and, sometimes, to redefine the meaning of the monument itself that houses them in reference to the political message that such representations could convey for the sovereigns who made them realize.
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Patton, Paul E. "People, Places, and Plants: An Appraisal of Subsistence, Technology and Sedentism in the Eastern Woodlands." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366119433.
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Klaus, Haagen D. "Out of Light Came Darkness: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Ritual, Health, and Ethnogenesis in the Lambayeque Valley Complex, North Coast Peru (AD 900-1750)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1209498934.
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Voisin, Chloé. "Die Gestaltung von neuen öffentlichen Räumen im Stadtzentrum von Dresden und Chemnitz : Welche Räume für welche Gesellschaft?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20105/document.
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Espaces publics ? Quel projet – de ville et de société - sous-tend les aménagements ? Quelles sont les visions des aménageurs ? Quelles sont les normes et les valeurs qu’ils défendent à travers leurs projets ? Que représente pour eux l’espace public ? Quelle définition en donnent-ils ?Ces questions trouvent une résonnance particulière à Dresde et à Chemnitz : elles sont ces dernières années toutes deux l’objet d’un programme de création et de transformation de leurs espaces publics centraux. Ces deux terrains ne sont pas intéressants pour l’étude de l’imaginaire planificateur qu’en raison de l’importance du programme mené (pas moins de six nouveaux espaces chacune) mais aussi en raison de l’histoire particulière des deux villes. Dresde et Chemnitz ont vu leur centre-ville presque entièrement détruit sous les bombardements alliés en 1945 et seulement partiellement reconstruit sous la RDA selon des principes urbanistiques tout à fait nouveaux. Le choix auquel les planificateurs sont confrontés depuis la chute du régime socialiste et la Réunification est celui du modèle à suivre pour finir de reconstruire le centre-ville toujours inachevé. L’absence quasi-totale de patrimoine à conserver ne rend pas nécessaire le travail de négociation avec les conservateurs du patrimoine, habituellement au cœur de tous les projets contemporains en Europe. Dresde et Chemnitz présentent donc des cas d’étude particulièrement passionnants car les acteurs de la planification jouissent d’une très grande liberté d’action qui leur permet de mettre en œuvre sans entrave juridique leur conception actuelle de l’aménagement des espaces publics. Il serait donc possible ici mieux qu’ailleurs de lire l’imaginaire planificateur contemporainWhich are the representations that guide the planning actors along their public spaces conception? Which project, -of city, of society- underlies the urban planning? Which are the visions of the planners? Which norms, which values do they want to defend through their project? What is for them the meaning of public space? What is their own definition?These questions are finding a particular echo in Dresden and Chemnitz: these two cities have been the subject for a few years of a creation and transformation program of their central public spaces. These two fields are interesting for the study of the planner’s imagination not only due to the importance of the program led (not less than six new public spaces in each city) but also due to specific history of both cities. The center of Dresden and Chemnitz has been almost completely destroyed by the allied bombardments in 1945 and it has been only partially rebuilt under the GDR according to completely new urbanistic principles. Since the fall of the Socialist Regime and the Reunification, the question of the planners is which model is to be followed to achieve the reconstruction of the still unfinished city center.The almost complete lack of architectural heritage to protect does not make it necessary to negotiate with the architectural heritage officers who are in Europe at the heart of all contemporary projects. In that respect, Dresden and Chemnitz are particularly entrancing, because the planning actors enjoy a very large liberty to implement without any legal obstruction their conception of the urban planning. It would be possible here than better anywhere else to read the contemporary planning imagination
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Gosman, James Howard. "Patterns in ontogeny of human trabecular bone from SunWatch Village in the prehistoric Ohio Valley." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1194613389.
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Gaëtan, Loïc. "Les agglomérations antiques du Val de Saône : émergence et mutations d’un réseau urbain de la fin de l’âge du Fer au début du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC007/document.
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Cette thèse vise l’étude des processus d’émergence, de structuration et de mutation d’un réseau urbain antique depuis la fin de la Protohistoire jusqu’au Moyen Âge dans une micro-région située aux confins des territoires antiques éduens, lingons et séquanes, le Val de Saône. Celle-ci se caractérise par une armature dense d’agglomérations gallo-romaines possédant une somme et une qualité de données inégalée en Gaule, fruit de recherches anciennes et récentes. Alors que ces agglomérations ont été parmi les premières étudiées au cours des années 1980, leur exploitation s’est limitée à l’étude des hiérarchies et des fonctions urbaines durant le Haut-Empire, délaissant la chronologie et l’évolution du système urbain.Le corpus de sites a fait l’objet d’une démarche d’homogénéisation et de cartographie des données grâce à des outils spécialement développés. Pour répondre aux questions d’organisation spatiale et de chronologie, de nouvelles acquisitions d’informations ont été réalisées. Ces données, rassemblées dans des notices et synthétisées à travers une série de descripteurs, permettent de réfléchir sur une meilleure définition de la caractérisation des agglomérations et sur l’étude de leur parcours chronologique.C’est à partir de la typo-chronologie des agglomérations que les dynamiques spatiales, morphologiques et temporelles sont mises en évidence à l’échelle du Val de Saône, puis comparées avec les données du Centre-Est de la Gaule. L’analyse in-terne des agglomérations permet d’appréhender la place et le rôle des composantes principales des occupations comme les parures monumentales, les types d’habitat ou l’artisanat. L’enquête montre l’importance et la variété des agglomérations dans le système de peuplement du Val de Saône depuis la fin de la période laténienne. L’organisation des ré-seaux antiques, issue d’un héritage protohistorique très marqué, et les dynamiques urbaines indiquent des récurrences et des spécificités à chacune des cités.Cette thèse constitue ainsi une synthèse inédite sur l’émergence, le développement et le devenir de ce réseau urbain remarquable, dont la structure est encore nettement discernable aujourd’huiThe aim of this thesis is to study the processes of emergence, structuring and mutation of an ancient urban network from the end of the Protohistory to the beginning of the Middle Ages in a micro-region located on the edge of the ancient éduens, lingons and séquanes territories, the Saône Valley. This area is characterized by a density of Gallo-Roman small towns with an amount and a high quality of data unequalled in Gaul, as a result of ancient and recent research. While these small towns were among the first studied in the 1980’s, their exploitation was limited to the study of hierarchies and urban functions during the High Empire, neglecting the chronology and the evolution of the urban system.The site corpus has been homogenized and mapped using new tools that were specially developed for that. To meet the expectations of spatial organization and chronology, new information has been gathered. These data, collected in notes and synthesised through a set of archaeological descriptors, allow us to reflect on a better definition of the small towns characterization and on the study of their evolution paths.It is from the typo-chronology of the towns that spatial, morphological and temporal dynamics are highlighted on the scale of the Saône Valley, then are compared to the Central-East of Gaul’s data. The internal analysis of towns makes it possible to understand the place and role of the main components of occupancies such as monumental adornments, habitat types or handicraft. The research shows the importance and the variety of the urban area towns in the settlement system of Saône Valley from the end of the Latenian period. The organization of ancient networks, resulting from a very marked protohistorical heritage, and the urban dynamics indicate recurrences and specificities to each of the cities.This thesis makes an unprecedented synthesis on the emergence, development and future of this remarkable urban network, whose structure is still distinctly discernible nowadays
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Dagg, Joachim. "Strategies of sexual reproduction in aphids." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2002/dagg/dagg.pdf.
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Gilles, Amaury. "Vivre et produire dans les campagnes de la colonie de Valence (IIe s. av. J.-C. - VIe s. apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2014.
Full textAbstract:
Durant l’Antiquité, Valence bénéficie du prestigieux statut de colonie romaine, au même titre qu’Arles, Vienne et Lyon. Sa position au confluent du Rhône et de l’Isère et au carrefour de plusieurs itinéraires terrestres - Voie d’Agrippa, Voie des Alpes - lui conférait un rôle stratégique et économique considérable. Cette région, au cœur de la moyenne vallée du Rhône, occupe une position charnière qui lui assure, au moins depuis le Premier Âge du fer, un rôle d’intermédiaire entre le bassin méditerranéen et le monde celtique.Elle bascule dans l’orbite de Rome en même temps que la Gaule méridionale, soit dès la fin du IIe s. av. J.-C. Valence est fondée dans un deuxième temps, vraisemblablement entre 46 – 36 av. J.-C. et acquiert son statut de colonie de droit romain peut-être dès cette date avancée selon P. Faure et N. Tran (2013). La fondation d’une colonie romaine s’accompagne d’une division du sol public, matérialisée par une centuriation afin qu’il soit distribué aux membres du corps civique nouvellement créé comprenant plusieurs milliers de colons. Dans ce contexte historique précis, ces citoyens sont principalement des vétérans de l’armée romaine alors constituée majoritairement d’Italiens. Ce phénomène a donc un impact démographique et culturel considérable pour la vie des populations locales. Le statut juridique avantageux conféré à ces communautés leur assure également des avantages économiques importants stimulant les productions agro-pastorales et artisanales. Les travaux consacrés aux provinces gauloises ont montré que les siècles suivants ne sont pas exempts de mutations économiques et culturelles importantes qui touchent les structures de peuplement et de production. Partant de ce constat, j’ai choisi d’aborder cet impact culturel et économique à travers la culture matérielle (vestiges architecturaux, objets de la vie quotidienne) et l’analyse de l’occupation du sol. Le cadre chronologique et spatial retenu doit permettre d’observer de manière dynamique l’évolution des modes de vie et des activités agro-pastorales et artisanales dans les campagnes de la cité de Valence. L’examen des caractéristiques de plusieurs centaines d’établissements ruraux doit permettre de proposer une lecture diachronique et complexe de l’occupation et l’exploitation de ce territoire, d’aborder les rapports qu’entretient la colonie avec l’espace rural. L’approche chronologique et fonctionnelle des bâtiments et des objets de la vie quotidienne permet d’apprécier plus finement l’évolution dans le temps des techniques, des modes de vie, mais aussi de relever la diversité des situations locales à une même périodeDuring the Antiquity, Valence is known as a roman colony like Lyon, Arles or Vienna, settled in the middle Rhône valley at the confluent of the Rhône and the Isère, and also at the crossroads of alpine route and the Via Agrippa. This strategic position confers to the colony an important role in the economy of the roman Gaul. Since the early Iron Age, this area is a link between the mediterranean and the celtic worlds.Even if the region is conquered by Rome since the end of the II c. B.-C., the colony is founded later, perhaps between 46 and 36 B.-C. and maybe already own his prestigious status of colonia of roman rights according to P. Faure and N. Tran hypothesis (2013). As a consequence of the foundation, the public soil is divided, centuriated, and distributed to thousands of new citizens.In this specific historical context, the citizens are chosen among the veterans of the roman army, who were Italians at this time. This decision should have huge demographic and cultural consequences on local communities. The legal status of the citizens gives them considerable economics advantages that stimulate the local economy. The studies devoted to the gallic provinces have shown that the following centuries see numerous changes affecting settlements and economic structures.Considering this historical context, I have chosen to evaluate the cultural and economic impact of this foundation by studying settlement patterns and material culture (architectural remains, objects of the daily life) between the II c. B.-C. to the VIth c. B.-C.The study of few hundreds of settlements allows us to introduce a complex and diachronic view of the settlements, their economic roles and relations with the colony.The chronological and functional study of the buildings and daily life objects allow us to assess finely the evolution through time about craftsmen’s techniques, lifestyle and highlight regional differences during a same period
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Lewis, John Llewellyn. "Ancient values, new technology : emerging methods for integrating cultural values in forest management." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11370.
Full textAbstract:
Although the planning techniques employed by foresters have grown increasingly
sophisticated in recent years, the task of accommodating cultural values in resource management
plans has become more, rather than less, problematic. This problem is particularly evident in
resource management issues involving First Nation cultural values. In recent years, disputes over
places such as Gustafsen Lake, Ipperwash, and Meares Island have found their way into the
Canadian public's consciousness. At the heart of these controversies, there have been
complaints involving not only unceded territory, but also the greater issue of culturally significant
lands.
Conflicts over culturally significant lands are so pervasive because resource management
processes ignore cultural values often due to the fact that they are so difficult to incorporate within
conventional modes of land management. This thesis reports on an initiative with the Cheam
First Nation to explore their cultural perceptions of the land, and to identify the ways in which
cultural uses of place are affected by resource management. In addition to documenting the land-based
cultural values that involve identity in social groups, modes of material sustenance and
spiritual activities, I have found that resource development activities contribute directly to the
undermining of Native cultural values because they are so directly tied to the land and concepts of
place. Moreover, I have made the unprecedented finding that effective cross-cultural
communication between First Nations and resource managers can be impaired by placing land-use
information in standard cartographic format. Three-dimensional visual models of the
landscape are the most effective means of eliciting community reactions to management plans
across several dimensions including cultural uses, aesthetics and spiritual values. In the
concluding chapter, I have formulated a set of recommendations which posit that, if resource
planning is to be functional in the realm of forest management and cultural preservation, then
aboriginal communities that are affected by forestry decisions should possess an opportunity to
participate in resource decision-making. However, to be effective, shared decision-making in
forest management requires new and relatively untested tools for cross-cultural communication -
e.g. a socio-cultural planning framework, landscape visualisation, etc. - that can facilitate the
incorporation of cultural values into standard forest management methodologies.