Journal articles: 'Ancient settlements in Canada'

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Sokolova, Svetlana V. "Path from ancient settlements cities." Municipal Academy, no. 1 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52176/2304831x_20_2101_117.

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Yılmaz, Hakan, and İsmail Baykara. "Os trigonum syndrome in ancient Anatolian settlements." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 66, no. 2 (July 11, 2008): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/aa/66/2008/147.

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Katz, Yossi, and John C. Lehr. "Jewish Pioneer Agricultural Settlements in Western Canada." Journal of Cultural Geography 14, no. 1 (September 1993): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08873639309478380.

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BRUNNER, UELI. "Geography and Human Settlements in Ancient Southern Arabia." Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 8, no. 2 (November 1997): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0471.1997.tb00153.x.

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Smith, Michael E., José Lobo, Matthew A. Peeples, Abigail M. York, Benjamin W. Stanley, Katherine A. Crawford, Nicolas Gauthier, and Angela C. Huster. "The persistence of ancient settlements and urban sustainability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 10, 2021): e2018155118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018155118.

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We propose a dedicated research effort on the determinants of settlement persistence in the ancient world, with the potential to significantly advance the scientific understanding of urban sustainability today. Settlements (cities, towns, villages) are locations with two key attributes: They frame human interactions and activities in space, and they are where people dwell or live. Sustainability, in this case, focuses on the capacity of structures and functions of a settlement system (geography, demography, institutions) to provide for continuity of safe habitation. The 7,000-y-old experience of urbanism, as revealed by archaeology and history, includes many instances of settlements and settlement systems enduring, adapting to, or generating environmental, institutional, and technological changes. The field of urban sustainability lacks a firm scientific foundation for understanding the long durée, relying instead on narratives of collapse informed by limited case studies. We argue for the development of a new interdisciplinary research effort to establish scientific understanding of settlement and settlement system persistence. Such an effort would build upon the many fields that study human settlements to develop new theories and databases from the extensive documentation of ancient and premodern urban systems. A scientific foundation will generate novel insights to advance the field of urban sustainability.

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Zhu, Meng, Jianfei Dong, and Yingzhi Gao. "The Research on Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Ancient Settlements in the Songhua River Basin." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030932.

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Settlements have a high cultural and historical value in regions as indicators of human habitation and culture. The Songhua River Basin is on the edge of a traditional cultural center, which has scattered ecological elements, a special culture, and historical faults. Because of the superposition of traces of different ethnic activities in different periods, the Songhua River has a special and diversified cultural foundation and heritage, which is of high research value. However, the ancient settlements in this region have not been given sufficient attention and as a result it is difficult to achieve a complete and systematic study. In order to promote the cultural value of this historical region and the development of a regional and cultural industry, this paper seeks to study the ancient settlements of Songhua River Basin. With the help of GIS technology, archeological excavations, and the concept of ethnic pedigree in ethnology, this study analyzes the temporal–spatial distribution and morphological characteristics of ancient settlements in the Songhua River Basin, in order to determine how the heritage value of these settlements can be sustainably protected.

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Ulchitckii, Oleg Aleksandrovich. "Bolshekaraganskaya Valley – a Proto-Indo-European boundary of ancient civilization." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.2.30112.

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The object of this research is the territory of formation of fortified settlements of the Bronze Age in Southern Ural – Bolshekaraganskaya Valley and adjacent territory within the Chelyabinsk Region. The subject of this research is the territorial-geographic complexes and historical-theoretical approaches towards studying the fortified settlements of ancient Ural in dynamics of their development. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the formation of the center and core of resettlement of the Bronze Age in the basin of Bolshaya Karaganka River, which joins Ural River in southern part of Chelyabinsk Region, the territory also known as Arkaimskaya Valley. Special attention is given to localization and layer-wise fixation of the fortified settlements, as well as typology of their morphogenesis. Research methodology is built on the theory of historical-architectural comparativism and comparative analysis of patterns of the fortified settlements in their layer wise fixation. The main conclusion is defined by the most comprehensive review of the typology of fortified settlements of South Ural of the Bronze Age. The analysis of planning analogues determined the typological and morphological similarity of the objects, succession of construction traditions in territories with the advanced urban development systems of Middle Asia. The results of analysis provided certain clarifications in determining the unique morphology of the plans of fortified settlements related to multi-functionality of the objects, virtually first known in history at the moment of research, living and industrial fortified structures with the dominant metallurgical function. The research results allow suggesting the origin of Sintashtinsko-Petrovsky city-forming fortification system in compliance with the ancient architectural and urban traditions in Middle Asia at the early development stages of Indo-European states.

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Bagus Putu Prajna Yogi, Ida, Sunarningsih Sunarningsih, Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono, Citra Iqliyah Darojah, and Gauri Vidya Dhaneswara. "SEBARAN PERMUKIMAN KUNO PADA DAS LAMANDAU DI KALIMANTAN BAGIAN BARAT DAYA: PERSPEKTIF ARKEOLOGI KERUANGAN." PURBAWIDYA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi 10, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pw.v10i1.383.

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The potential of archaeology in Sungai Lamandau catchment has not been intensively explored. The ancient settlement is one of the interesting archaeological potentials to be studied in this area. This study aims to understand the pattern of macro distribution of ancient settlements in Sungai Lamandau catchment. Understanding the distribution patterns of ancient settlements is expected to provide a reference for local wisdom in adapting to the environment, selecting residential locations, and building vernacular architecture. Therefore, this study uses a spatial archeology approach on a macro scale. Research results showed that laterally (spatial), the distribution of ancient settlements in Sungai Lamandau catchment was divided into three regions, i.e. downstream; midlestream; and upstream Vertically (time), the oldest settlement occurred in the upper reaches of Sungai Lamandau, while the most recent one is in around the area of middlestream The characteristics of multicomponent site were identified to be located in the lower and midstream parts of Sungai Lamandau catchment, which contains the most complex findings.

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KOYANO, Akira. "A Geographical Approach to the Ancient Settlements of Egypt." Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 43, no. 1 (2000): 40–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/jorient.43.40.

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Garrison, Thomas G., Bruce Chapman, Stephen Houston, Edwin Román, and Jose Luis Garrido López. "Discovering ancient Maya settlements using airborne radar elevation data." Journal of Archaeological Science 38, no. 7 (July 2011): 1655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.031.

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Houda Rezig, Nourel. "ANCIENT TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS IN ALGERIA: PENTAPOLIS OF M'ZAB VALLEY." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.67-78.

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Article concerns of the ancient traditional settlements of Algeria. The main attention are payed to the introduction of architecture of M'zab Valley that is a special historical urban phenomenon of Algerian. Article deals with five old historical preserved settlements, so called ksour, that are gathered in the agglomeration of M'zab Valley (so called Pentapolis) in the oasis of Sahara desert. The article is analysing the traditional planning structure and architecture of ksour in urban scale (macro level) pointing special attention to the climate adaptation techniques of building in the severe natural environment of Sahara desert. The Pentapolis of M'zab Valley is unique example of agglomeration where people dwells preserving traditions more than millennium of the years using the same urban infrastructures and buildings. In this point of view, it could be considered like an excellent case for study the harmonization of ancient traditions in the circumstances of modernity by living in the substantiality with environment.

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Eren, Şirin Gülcen. "Ancient Anatolian Grids." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-26-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> For as long as humans have existed, they have created specific legal structures and technical means of representation in order to situate themselves within the geographical space where they live, to find the right direction, to measure time and distance, to define property and to calculate gradients. With the progress of civilisation, maps came to be used as an instrument for controlling society, siting architectural structures, establishing towns and determining trade axes and property rights. As social structures and the needs and relationships embedded in them changed, and technical and technological methods became more advanced, cartography developed too, and the uses of maps increased. From their earliest discovery, the basic characteristics of maps were grids, isohypses (contours) and physical data. The geography and settlements of Anatolia provide some clues as to the types of grid that were used in ancient times. There are invisible grids compatible with Euclidean geometry. These can only be detected from the clues given by the settlement locations. These grids, which have determined the locations of settlements, the pattern of roads, the geostamps&reg; and the division of the land in Anatolia, are an unknown aspect of the ancient era. In response to the obscurity of the topic, this paper sets out to make a preliminary appraisal of the grids of the ancient era. With the aid of a multi-disciplinary approach, an inter-disciplinary methodology and the Google Earth software, it outlines some of the types of grid that it has been possible to identify from analyses and drawings of the geography of Anatolia, together with their measures and origins. The paper aims to make a contribution to the disciplines of cartography and spatial planning by presenting the invisible grids of the Anatolia.</p>

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Milner, N. P. "Ancient inscriptions and monuments from the territory of Oinoanda." Anatolian Studies 54 (December 2004): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600000569.

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AbstractThe results of a survey in the territory of Oinoanda led by Stephen Mitchell in 1994 are presented. A number of lost Hellenistic and Roman settlements could be identified through ancient cemeteries and cult furniture such as images, symbols and footings for stelai. A clear association between tombs and cults permitted the term ‘cemetery cults’. Other types of settlement included traces of an ancient village near Patlangiç Yayla, a fortified hill-top site at Düǧer, and a puzzling planned complex on an island in Girdev Gölü. Architectural fragments at Çukurceylan, Kinik and Girdev told of vanished Byzantine churches, and their associated settlements of later date.

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Kocak, Ozdemir, and Omur Esen. "ROUTE DETERMINATION OF HISTORICAL ROADS BY LOCATION OF PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENTS: NORTH OF LAKE EBER." International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia 4, no. 13 (June 15, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijham.413002.

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Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural heritage in Turkey. These settlements are important for understanding the social, cultural, and economic conditions of the people who had lived in the past. As a matter of fact, these ancient settlements (mounds) and their locations to each other are taken as a basis in understanding the prehistoric routes. In this study, a route is identified beginning from the settlements in the north of a lake called Eber Gölü, which is located in the western part of Turkey. In this project, the study methods of Ancient History, Archaeology and Geodesy, and Photogrammetry Engineering are used. According to that, first old settlements are identified, three-dimensional maps of these settlements are created and dating is carried on based on the ceramics (sherds) that are found on the settlements. All of this data is then overlapped. Successive settlements are observed in the east-west direction in the north of Lake Eber. These settlements reach a large mound called Üçhöyük in the westernmost part. In the east, it extends in different directions. Findings dating back to the 5th millennium BC (Chalcolithic Age) were found in these mounds. It is understood that the ceramics among these finds reflect a common tradition. This also supports the connection between these settlements. It is also possible to see some of these settlements from other settlements by the naked eye. Thus, it can be thought that the settlements in the north of the aforesaid lake have been in contact with each other since the prehistoric period. It can also be said that this relationship started in the Chalcolithic Age, continued during the Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic Period, and Roman Period, because it is determined that the findings (especially sherds) belonging to these periods are very similar.

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Lobo, Jose, Luis MA Bettencourt, Michael E. Smith, and Scott Ortman. "Settlement scaling theory: Bridging the study of ancient and contemporary urban systems." Urban Studies 57, no. 4 (October 17, 2019): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019873796.

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A general explanatory framework for the social processes underpinning urbanisation should account for empirical regularities that are shared among contemporary urban systems and ancient settlement systems known throughout archaeology and history. The identification of such shared properties has been facilitated by research traditions in each field that define cities and settlements as areas that capture networks of social interaction embedded in space. Using Settlement Scaling Theory (SST) – a set of hypotheses and mathematical relationships that together generate predictions for how measurable quantitative attributes of settlements are related to their population size – we show that aggregate properties of ancient settlement systems and contemporary metropolitan systems scale up in similar ways across time, geography and culture. Settlement scaling theory thus provides a unified framework for understanding and predicting these regularities across time and space, and for identifying putative processes common to all human settlements.

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Shehu, Agim, Ferim Gashi, and Pal Nikolli. "Trying to Identify some Ancient Residences in Albania through Old Maps." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0045.

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This paper attempts to identify ancient settlements in Albania by cartographic methods by elaborating geographical coordinates obtained from Ptolemy's work. The results of the paper are of interest for archeology, history, geography, geodesy, photogrammetry etc. The problem addressed is not simple, as for some settlements, different literature sources give different values of geographical coordinates. In this context, those geographic coordinate systems that best deal with the real position of these settlements are selected. Thus, for example, the longitude (L) of Ohrid (which serves as a support point), in some sources is given the value L1 = 46040 ', while in later sources it is given the value L2 = 470 40'. The calculations are performed for both cases of this longitude, but greater certainty is given when L2 = 47040 'is obtained, because the geographical longitude of Skopje (Scupi with L = 48030'), Prishtina (Ulpiana, with L = 48040 '), Peja (Siparantum, with L = 46030'), etc., are closer to reality than L = 46040 ', according to which Ohrid appears to be highly displaced to the west, in relation to the aforementioned sites (pic. 2.1). Consequently, settlements located in and near the Apollo - Orikum-Ohrid triangle are identified with other sites (as noted in the following statements). All of these anomalies and others such as these have been handled carefully and according to a logical rationale for the material being processed, taking into account all factors that positively impact the settlement identification process.

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Lewis, Richard. "Structured Settlements of Damages Awards in Britain and Canada." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 42, no. 4 (October 1993): 780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/42.4.780.

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Doucet, Joseph, and Stephen Littlechild. "Negotiated settlements and the National Energy Board in Canada." Energy Policy 37, no. 11 (November 2009): 4633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.018.

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Motarjem, Abbas, and Mehdi Heydari. "Analysis of Influence Ancient Roads in the Formation Ancient Settlements in the Plain of Aleshter." Parseh Journal of Archaeological Studies 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/pjas.1.2.21.

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Gubaydullin, Ayrat, and Azgar Mukhamadiev. "On fortification of ancient settlements of the western Volga region." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 14 (December 20, 2015): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2015.4.14.116.126.

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Wild, Sarah. "Geologists are measuring bullet damage to ancient Middle Eastern settlements." Nature 564, no. 7734 (December 2018): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07320-1.

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Mallah, Qasid H., and Tooba Shafaq Rajput. "Recent Research at Harappan Settlements along the Ancient Hakra River." Pakistan Heritage 8 (January 2016): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0038108.

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Wang, Fang, Cai Hong Yang, and Hua Chen. "Discussion on the Site Selection of Handan History Settlements." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.138.

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Handan city is a historical and cultural city of nation level in China, it had a long history and particular geography, thus there were lot of ancient settlements established in history. This essay discusses settlements and dwellings in Handan and shows arguments concerned with towns or courtyard development.

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Manigda, O. V. "THE MODELLING OF THE SETTLEMENTS OF 11th—13th CENTURIES. BASING ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES REMAINS OF TEREBOVLYA PRINCEDOM." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 35, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.01.

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The purpose of the paper is to construct the model reconstructing the settlement structure inside the border of the Terebovlya princedom. The different types of archaeological sites since 10th till 13th cent. have been analyzed. These 710 sites are the source for researching the region’s settlement structure and the reconstruction of the settlements is based on it. Soil coverings are analyzed and landscape types are reconstructed based on soil types. These tasks were realized by implementing the GIS «The Settlements of The Terebovlya Princedom». The analysis of mapped archaeological sites has revealed the several aspects in the terms of existence. In particular the process of construction of new fortified settlements was intensified at the end of the 10th cent. We can reliably associate this process with the inclusion of the region in the area of influence of the Old Rus state. Increase of the number of fortresses in the 11th cent. marks the establishment of the Terebovlya Princedom as an administrative unit of the Galician Land. The analysis of the sites existed during the 12th—13th cent. is testified to the tendency of the massive growth of fortified and especially, non-fortified rural settlements. This tendency is common to most regions of Old Rus state during that period. The number of new fortified settlements increased in 1.5 times, the number of new rural settlements — in 7.4 times. But what is particularly different is the lacuna in chronology of settlements dating by 10th—13th cent. Mostly, these sites do not contain layers of 11th century. This fact may be the archaeological proof of the conquests of Prince Volodymyr at the end of the 10th century in the region of Middle Dniester. Two stages of existence of the settlements reconstructed from archaeological sites are considered. At the early stage of functioning (11th cent.) there is a concentration of settlements in the northern part of the princedom, around the centers of social life traditionally, from the early periods (Krutyliv I, Bohit, Postolivka I). The chronology and the social role of these centers is the question which should be detailed. A two-stage cluster analysis, conducted for the ancient settlements revealed such degree of neighborhood: for the settlements of 11th cent. the average nearest neighbor index is about 6.9 km and for the settlements of 12th—13th cent. this number is about 2.7 km. The economic aspect of the settlement structure is shown through using of soils and landscapes by ancient society. The reconstructed landscapes based on the soil cover, shows us a dominance of deciduous (leaved) and meadow-steppe areas on this territory. And among the reconstructed deciduous landscapes, the percentage of ancient forests reached 65 % in the Middle Ages. At the first look the ancient settlements were located on the borders of landscapes, in ecotones, which indirectly, can confirm the mixed type of management (farming). The necessary baseline and supplementary data were prepared for the reconstruction of the paleo-economy during the process of modeling the settlements structure of the region and will form the basis for further research.

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Currie, Philip J. "Hunting Ancient Dragons in China and Canada." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009667.

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I was eleven years old when I read a book by Roy Chapman Andrews (1953) that changed my life. It was a book about dinosaurs, those magnificent animals that had captured my interest when I was even younger. But more significantly, the book was about looking for the remains of these ancient dragons in the Gobi Desert of China and Mongolia, and for the first time I learned that there was a potential career in hunting dinosaurs. The day I read the book was the day I decided to become a paleontologist. But in my wildest dreams I never imagined that I would follow in the footsteps of Andrews and end up in the Gobi Desert.

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AbdelKhaleq, R. A., and I. Alhaj Ahmed. "Rainwater harvesting in ancient civilizations in Jordan." Water Supply 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.010.

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One might think that locations of settlements through history depended on the existence of a nearby permanent water source. Wåhlin thinks that anthropologists and geographers seem to have missed that people in settlements in many parts of the Middle East were able to create for themselves a near-permanent water supply in places where nature was not kind enough to place a river or a spring. Several sites in Jordan provide examples of these creations. Despite an arid to semi-arid climate, several civilizations have started and flourished in these conditions. This paper summarizes the types of systems that people have used through history to develop reliable water supplies in this part of the world. Jawa was a settlement in northern Jordan during the Bronze Age that built an extensive hydraulic system. At Um El Jimal, a city in northern Jordan during the Byzantine era, deflection dams, canals and reservoirs provided a local water supply. Neabateans excelled in water management using cut-stone reservoirs in their capital, Petra, and their empire flourished more than 2500 years ago in what is now southern and central Jordan. Underground cisterns found in Umayyad desert castles in different parts of the country reveal similar activities during the Islamic era. Examining how water resources were managed long ago can provide relevant information in facing the water-resources challenges of today in arid lands.

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P.M., DAYNEKO. "Systematic structure of the ancient settlements flora in the Lower Dnipro." Chornomorski Botanical Journal 16, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553x/2020-16-3-4.

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Chernova, O. F., D. D. Vasyukov, and A. B. Savinetsky. "Identification of subfossil mammal fur from ancient eskimo settlements of Chukotka." Зоологический журнал 98, no. 10 (2019): 1186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0044513419100064.

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Potchter, Oded. "Climatic aspects in the building of ancient urban settlements in Israel." Energy and Buildings 15, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(90)90120-8.

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Murodova. "The Landscape Factor in the Development of Ancient Stone Age Settlements." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/45.

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The article highlights long-term studies and the source materials obtained from them on the archeology of the Stone Age in Uzbekistan, which is an important component of Central Asia. Based on the analysis, the role and importance of natural landscapes as the main factor in the development of natural landscapes and areas of settlement by ancient communities of the Stone Age are shown.

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German, Konstantin Enrikovich, and Igor Valerievich Melnikov. "Archaeological research of the expedition of the museum-reserve «Kizhi» in 2013-2016." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763219.

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The following paper summarizes the study results of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve archaeological expedition in 2013-2016. During this period Kosmozero, Vanchozero, Turastamozero and Ladmozero on the territory of the Zononezhsky peninsula in the Medvezhyegorsk district and the Suna River within the boundaries of the Kivach state reserve in the Kondopoga district were studied. The purpose of the study was to establish the high-altitude patterns in the location of the Stone Age settlements in the interior of the Karelia. As a result of the works 23 ancient settlements on the territory of the Zaonezhsky peninsula were located on the ancient terraces of the Onega Lake bays at heights of 3 to 12 meters above the current water level in the reservoirs, the most ancient monuments of the Mesolithic era occupying the highest hypsometric marks. A new archeological complex of 20 monuments was discovered, timed to the ancient coastal terraces of the Onega Lake and at altitudes of 4 to 14 meters above the modern water level and in the Suna River.

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Ortman, Scott G., Andrew H. F. Cabaniss, Jennie O. Sturm, and Luís M. A. Bettencourt. "Settlement scaling and increasing returns in an ancient society." Science Advances 1, no. 1 (February 2015): e1400066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400066.

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A key property of modern cities is increasing returns to scale—the finding that many socioeconomic outputs increase more rapidly than their population size. Recent theoretical work proposes that this phenomenon is the result of general network effects typical of human social networks embedded in space and, thus, is not necessarily limited to modern settlements. We examine the extent to which increasing returns are apparent in archaeological settlement data from the pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico. We review previous work on the quantitative relationship between population size and average settled area in this society and then present a general analysis of their patterns of monument construction and house sizes. Estimated scaling parameter values and residual statistics support the hypothesis that increasing returns to scale characterized various forms of socioeconomic production available in the archaeological record and are found to be consistent with key expectations from settlement scaling theory. As a consequence, these results provide evidence that the essential processes that lead to increasing returns in contemporary cities may have characterized human settlements throughout history, and demonstrate that increasing returns do not require modern forms of political or economic organization.

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Verbych, Svіatoslav. "Formation of the oikonym system in archaic regions of Ukraine (on the example of the settlement names of modern Vinnychchyna and Khmelnychchyna)." Ukrainska mova, no. 4 (2020): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.04.050.

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Abstract: The research of the history of a particular region involves the study of the history of its settlement, which is manifested in the names of settlements. Thus, oikonyms as linguistic phenomenons contain linguistic, as well as historical, geographical and ethnographic information. They can be found out using the help of special onomastic studies. Historical and etymological research of the names of villages, settlements, cities, towns is one of the priority tasks not only of Ukrainian or Slavic, but also of world onomastics in general. The names of settlements provide different periods of history of that time in other regions, accumulate extremely diverse information about the peculiarities of the development of a particular area, namely: the ethnic composition of the first settlers, the specialty of their material and spiritual culture, the characteristic features of topographic objects called by the corresponding oikonyms. Of fundamental importance for the formation of the oikonymicon of a certain region is time and with the help of its settlement. As you know, Podolsk land belongs to the long-developed regions of man. A review of the history of this region shows that the formation of a system of settlement names within the modern Vinnytsia and Khmelnytsky regions, which are the main part of the historical Podillya, dates back to ancient times, at least the ancient Ukrainian period. This is indicated primarily by the specific word-forming structure of local oikonyms and the nature of their creative bases. The ancient settlements of these areas, the names of which were formed on Ukrainian soil, include such, for example, Bershad, Brailiv, Bratslav, Vinnytsia, Kopaihorod, Tyvriv (Vinnytsia region), Velyka Yaromyrka (initially Yaromyrka), Volochysk (initially Volochyshcha), Dobrohoshcha, Zhvanets, Kytaihorod, Medzhybizh, Smotrych (Khmelnytsky region) and other. The article focuses on the peculiarities of the formation of the oikonymykon of Podillya within the modern Vinnytsia and Khmelnytsky regions, analyzes the main structural and derivational types of names of settlements in these regions, found that the characteristic feature of oikonyms of the studied areas is the presence of many names the ancient nature of the settlement of these areas. Keywords: appellation, anthroponym, history of Podillya, oikonym, oikonym system, word-forming model.

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Grigorev, Andrei. "Forts as a type of defensive structures on the example of fortifications of the remote chora of Chersonesus." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 9 (September 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.9.33793.

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This article reviews the monuments of ancient fortification, which historically belonged to the remote chora of Chersonesus since the late IV century BC. Among them, the author highlights the urban and rural settlements that featured various defensive structures. This factor is associated with a wide territorial expansion of Chersonesus in the territory North-Western Crimea. The interpretation of some monuments remains controversial due to the absence of meticulous analysis of the functions of certain constructs and planning structures of the fortified settlements. The role of the fortified settlements of the remote chora of Chersonesus in the process of development of vast territories of the North-Western Crimea is also contentious. The key goal of this article consists in the analysis of ancient fortifications from the perspective of the existing archaeological classification and records from the written sources. For correlating the Chersonesus fortifications with the existing sections in archaeological classification, namely with the concept of “fort”, the author applies the analysis of defensive functions, which in turn, are reflected in architectural-planning solutions and provisioned by the ancient architects military tactical techniques, which can be observed in the architectural remnants. Based on the acquired results, the author offers a multifaceted comprehensive approach towards analyzing the architectural constructs, which allows conducting new historical reconstructions of defense system of the chora.

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Goryachev, Alexander Anatolievich, and Vladimir Vasilyevich Saraev. "Ancient archaeological complexes of southern part of Khantau Mountains." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201872201.

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The paper introduces new materials about archaeological monuments of the paleometal period and early nomads of the Khantau Mountains into scientific circulation. This region is the main one in the communication processes among the ancient population of the Central Kazakhstan steppes and the foothill areas of all North Tien Shan and Jetysu in particular. The southwestern slopes and the southern part of the Khantau Mountains were explored by the expedition of Archaeology Institute named after A.Kh. Margulan in 2017-2018, where series of ancient settlements, burial grounds and petroglyphs of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age were discovered. The materials of archaeological complex Kojabala show patterns of settlements location and burial grounds, which reflect the tradition of economic and cultural development of the region in Ancient times. We can associate the origin and existence of Kojabala-I burial with the process of Andronovo community Fedorovsky tribal groups migration from Central Kazakhstan in the XV and at the turn of the XIV-XIII centuries BC. The Bronze Age Kojabala tract materials analysis let us to assume, that economic and ethno-cultural intercourses of the population of Central Kazakhstan and Jetysu in this period were close. Such conclusion has perspective direction for further researches.

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Касаткина, С. С. "A SPATIAL SEMIOTICS OF ANCIENT URBAN AREAS AS A RESOURCE FOR SOCIOCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF A REGION AT THE EXAMPLE OF THE VOLOGDA REGION." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 1(66) (June 8, 2020): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.66.1.017.

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В статье предложен дискурс определения понятия «древний город», введено авторское значение понятия «семиотическое пространство древнего города», рассмотрены семиокоды города как элементы урбосферы. В исследовании применены историко-культурный, визуально-семиотический методы, обоснован системно-семиотический подход изучения древнего города, связанный с пониманием трех элементов урбосферы: концепта (историческое значение древнего города), структуры (социальная жизнь горожан) и субстрата (физическое и ментальное пространство — городской ландшафт). Основу данной публикации составил анализ субстратных значений древнего города как ресурса его развития, основанный на изучении семиотических пространств городов Вологодской области. Выявлено, что историческая память города, его материальный и ментальный ландшафт и уникальный визуальный образ являются ключевыми семиокодами древних поселений, на основе которых возможно эффективное конструирование социокультурного развития любого региона страны. Автор предлагает перспективные направления работы с пространством старинных городов России на примере внимания к семиотическому пространству городов Вологодской области, способствующие активному социокультурному развитию их территорий. The article defines the concept of “ancient urban areas” and comments on the author’s perception of spatial semiotics of ancient settlements. It also treats urban semiotic conventions as elements of urban space. The research employs historical-cultural, visual-semiotic and systemic-semiotic approaches in order to investigate such elements of urban space as concepts (history of ancient urban areas), structures (urban dwellers’ social life), and substrates (physical and mental space, urban landscape). The article analyzes the substrate of ancient settlements as a resource for sociocultural development based on the investigation of spatial semiotics of urban areas of the Vologda Region. The article maintains that the historical memory of an urban area, its material and mental landscape, its unique visual image are key semiotic conventions which may be used to efficiently promote sociocultural development of a region. The author speaks about some promising avenues for processing the spatial semiotics of ancient Russian settlements promoting their sociocultural development.

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Richard and Robert D. Alston. "Urbanism and the Urban Community in Roman Egypt." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83, no. 1 (December 1997): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339708300112.

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Urbanism in the ancient world has been of abiding interest to ancient social and economic historians, but very little is known about the populations of cities. The nature of the papyrological material is such that certain features of communities can be assessed and quantified. We concentrate on the issue of population, considering both the number of people living in the various types of settlements and occupational structures. The results demonstrate essential differences between urban and rural settlements. The final section considers segmentation of the urban community itself. Through analysis of the residence patterns of members of particular social groups, we show that the city displayed a certain amount of social zoning and suggest that the fundamental social division in the city was between the elite and the rest of the population.

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Hall, Frederick A. "Musical Yankees and Tories in Maritime Settlements of Eighteenth-Century Canada." American Music 5, no. 4 (1987): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3051448.

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Zubarev, Viktor G., Sergey L. Smekalov, and Sergey V. Yartsev. "MAGNETIC PROSPECTING ON THE ANCIENT SETTLEMENTS IN THE TRACT ADZHIEL IN 2017." Historical and social-educational ideas 9, no. 5/1 (January 1, 2017): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2017-9-5/1-69-75.

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Gurioli, Lucia, M. Teresa Pareschi, Elena Zanella, Roberto Lanza, Enrico Deluca, and Marina Bisson. "Interaction of pyroclastic density currents with human settlements: Evidence from ancient Pompeii." Geology 33, no. 6 (2005): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21294.1.

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Kasnowihardjo, Gunadi. "Permukiman di Lingkungan Danau Catatan Atas Hasil Penelitian Situs-situs Ranu di Jawa Timur." Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala 13, no. 25 (January 6, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/bas.v13i25.188.

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AbstractLake area, such as Ranu Klakah, Ranu Gedang and Ranu Segaran, is the past settlements area which occupied by people since the neolithic period which were marked by the use of square pickaxe artifact. Activity in ranu region continue until the next period which is characterized by the existence of megalithic monuments, the remains of an old temple, and tomb from the early days of the entry of Islam, even now, the location of ancient settlements are still used as a residential location

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Carrier, Michael A. "Drug Patent Settlements Around the World." Antitrust Bulletin 62, no. 4 (November 14, 2017): 770–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x17733357.

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One of the most pressing antitrust issues today involves settlements by which brand-name drug companies pay generic firms to settle patent litigation and delay entering the market. Whether this activity constitutes an antitrust violation is a subject that has occupied courts and enforcement agencies around the world. This article focuses on the law in the United States, where the law is most developed. It explores the issues courts have addressed after the Supreme Court’s 2013 decision in FTC v. Actavis, including payment, the patent merits, the Rule of Reason, pleading requirements, causation, and state law. The article also analyzes European law and enforcement, in particular seven monitoring reports and two significant rulings against companies. Finally, it briefly discusses developments in the UK, Canada, India, and Korea.

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Sidebotham, Steven E., Hans Barnard, and Gillian Pyke. "Five Enigmatic Late Roman Settlements in the Eastern Desert." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88, no. 1 (December 2002): 187–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751330208800113.

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The on-going survey of the Graeco-Roman remains in the Egyptian Eastern Desert constantly reveals previously unknown sites and settlements. Most can be shown to be related to either quarries, (gold) mines or the ancient road system. Some have a less evident raison d'être. Five such enigmatic settlements, all dating from the fifth to seventh centuries AD, are presented here. They show similarities in the construction method of the structures, their general layout and the absence of surface finds other than potsherds. Remarkably small numbers of graves were found associated with the buildings and only two settlements had artificial hydraulic installations nearby. The main differences among the settlements seem to be their size, ranging from 47 to 141 structures, and differences in the relative complexity of the structures. A wide variety of possible purposes for these settlements are discussed. These include placer gold extraction centres; camps for soldiers, hunters, gatherers or charcoal burners; semi-permanent Bedouin towns and early Christian monastic settlements. The current dearth of information renders it impossible to favour any of these suggestions or even to be certain that the sites ever served the same purpose.

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Sattarov, A. "Influence of the Natural-Geographical Location of Surkhandarya Region on the Placement of Settlements." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/65/09.

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The article examines the influence of natural and geographical factors on the location of settlements in Surkhandarya region from a scientific point of view. The structure of the surface of the Surkhandarya region, the natural geographic tariff, the population and the number of settlements, the historical formation of villages have been studied. In connection with the multinationality of the population in the region, it is natural to divide the village into certain groups, its structural structure and distribution. In mountainous areas, villages are generally more concentrated along streams and springs. Ancient villages consist of seasonal settlements, reflecting the study of the reasons for the location of villages in the highlands, socio-economic, geographical factors, as well as the level of development of the area.

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Gordova, Juliana Ju. "Onomastic reconstruction: Restoration and location of ancient toponymy according to the names of wastelands, hillforts, ancient settlements (Ryazan region)." Rhema, no. 4, 2019 (2019): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2019-4-53-69.

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The article discusses one of the methods of onomastic reconstruction, which allows to restore the region’s early toponymy from the names of medieval mountains, villages and wastelands, as well as to determine the localization of lost toponyms based on the analysis of derived names. Some of these toponyms undergo a “three-step” transtoponimization: first they are stored in the name of the settlement or hillfort (Olpeevskoe selishche / Olpeevsky settlement, Perevitskoe gorodishche / Perevitsky hillfort), then in the name of the village, in a compo-und with the participation of a special term (derevnyа Olpeevskoe Selishche / village of Olpeevsky Settlement), and further in the name of the wasteland («pustosh’, chto byla derevnya Knyazhnoe Selishche» / «the wasteland that was the village of Knyazhnoe Settlement»). The article explores the Ryazan toponymy.

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Swidinsky, Robert. "The Effect of Bargaining Structure on Negotiated Wage Settlements." Relations industrielles 36, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029156ar.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the structure of collective bargaining on union bargaining power. More specifically, its objective is to determine whether bargaining through employer's association, multi-employer, single (multi-plant) employer or single-plant negotiation units has had an effect on negotiated wage settlements (union wage changes) in the private sector in Canada.

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Wang, Jiegui, Li Wu, Fei Gao, Chao Gao, and Xinyuan Wang. "A Summary of Remote Sensing Environmental Archaeology in the Study of Ancient Settlements." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 22 (November 1, 2013): 6777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.6777.6782.

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Wintjes, Justine. "Frobenius Discovered Before Crossing Limpopo Ruins, Ancient Fortificated Settlements, Beautiful Pottery Mountains Stop." de arte 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 31–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2017.1330679.

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Pan, Ying, Yue Huang, and Ying Shi. "Research on Location and Morphological Characteristics of Traditional Settlements along Xijing Ancient Road." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 580 (November 7, 2020): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/580/1/012063.

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Dayneko, P. "Biomorphological structure of the flora of the ancient settlements of the Lower Dnipro." Biolohichni systemy 12, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2020.02.290.

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The biomorphological analysis of the flora of eighteen ancient settlements of the Lower Dnipro as a potential "islands" of steppe biodiversity has been introducing. Based on the most commonly used linear systems of life forms by K. Ranquier and by V.M Golubev there have been presented the results of the analysis of biomorphs. In addition to the main biomorph, the following characteristics were taken into account: multiplicity of fruiting, main types of vegetation, type of underground shoots, type of aboveground shoots, type of root system. Domination in the general spectrum of life forms of the studied flora of herbaceous plants was determined (455 species or 86.8 % of the total number), among which perennials made up the majority (259 species or 49.4 %). The second and third groups are occupied by annuals (148 species or 28.2 % of the total) and biannuals (48 species or 9.2 % of the total), respectively. According to the multiplicity of fruiting, the participation of polycarpics (328 species; 62.6 %) is significant. However, it should be noted, that the high share of herbaceous monocarpics (196 species; 37.4 %) can be explained by the invasion of adventitious species from neighboring agricultural fields and existing settlements. By type of vegetation, summer-green species represent almost half of the total list of flora (231 species), while that of the group of summer and winter green plants was represented by 168 species or 32 %. By type of aboveground shoots, the predominance is given to semi-rosette species (276 species; 52.7 %), and by type of underground shoots - to caudex (201 species; 38.4 %) and plants without rhizomes (196; 37.4 %). Our study confirmed that biomorphological structure of the flora of ancient settlements are quite typical for the flora of the steppe zone and the flora of the Holarctic in general, as evidenced by the predominance in the respective spectra of perennial grasses, hemicryptophytes, polycarpics, plants with caudex type of underground shoots and rod type. Transformation of the zonal spectrum as a result of anthropogenic impact is manifested in a significant percentage of trees, annuals, monocarpics and species of rhizome structure.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient settlements in Canada'

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