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1
Owens, Kelly, and Mary-Claire King. "Genomic Views of Human History." Science 286, no. 5439 (October 15, 1999): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.451.
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New tools of genomic analysis shed light on historical puzzles. Migrations of ancient peoples, differences in migration patterns of males and females, historical demography of cultures with ancient roots, and patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly the focus of integrated analysis by historians, anthropologists, and geneticists.
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Fischman, J. "Painted Puzzles Line the Walls of an Ancient Cave." Science 267, no. 5198 (February 3, 1995): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5198.614.
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Velencei, Jolán, and Zoltán Baracskai. "There's a Flip Side." GiLE Journal of Skills Development 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.52398/gjsd.2021.v1.i1.pp99-106.
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Steven Pinker wrote in the introduction to one of his books that every idea in the book may turn out to be wrong, but that would be progress, because our old ideas were too vapid to be wrong. In this essay we are also trying to understand which the right question is. We are looking for a question for which we do not have to look for a single correct answer. We are looking for a question that makes those who prone thinking to be actually start thinking. Here is the question: what does a child learn? We remember that all of us, our children and our grandchildren played with things that were made available to them. Some of us played with dolls, balls, Barbie dolls, Lego blocks, or 5G smart gadgets. The child kicked the ball, comforted the doll the same way as nowadays he or she plays with 5G smart gadgets without any prior training. The tools have simply become more sophisticated. However, something did not change. Ancient Greek tales were read to all. Is it possible the other way round, namely to read or watch contemporary tales on ancient Greek gadgets? We tend to claim that this is impossible, as gadgets are becoming ever more modern day by day, and ancient Greek tales and their ethical norms do not change. In this essay we argue that the ‘Septem Artes Liberales’ are permanent, but the ‘Septem Artes Vulgares’ change. As we stated earlier, the emphasis is on asking the right question. Noam Chomsky suggests the terms ‘problem’ and ‘mystery’. Here and now, we are using the terms ‘puzzle’ and ‘mystery’ to depict unknown phenomena. This is how we view it: the unknown phenomena of the world are mistakenly classified as puzzles, to which someone either already knows the solution or else the solution will become known sometime in the future. Let us instead accept a world where the ‘Septem Artes Liberales’ have mysteries, while the ‘Septem Artes Vulgares’ have puzzles. This explains why the solutions for puzzles have become more sophisticated over time. The mysteries have endured, and it is good that they have done so.
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Guala, Francesco. "Précis of Understanding Institutions." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 48, no. 6 (September 11, 2018): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393118798618.
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Understanding Institutions offers a theory that is able to unify the two dominant approaches in the scientific and philosophical literature on institutions. Moreover, using the ‘rules-in-equilibrium’ theory, it tackles several ancient puzzles in the philosophy of social science.
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Golitsis, Pantelis. "McTaggart’s Series under the Critical Eye of the Ancient Philosophy of Time." Review of Metaphysics 77, no. 4 (June 2024): 663–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvm.2024.a929311.
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Abstract: McTaggart’s thesis about the unreality of time has puzzled and still puzzles philosophers of the metaphysics of time, who defend the existence of either McTaggart’s A series or McTaggart’s B series. McTaggart himself, however, was led through his analysis to view as real what he called the “C series,” which, unlike the temporal A and B series, is atemporal. The author argues that the ancient conception of time, especially of the Neoplatonist Damascius, reveals an important gap in McTaggart’s thought, namely, his overlooking the idea of an integral present (that is, a present that does not form a series), which allows to account for the B series as being generated from the C series without the involvement of the A series, which has been shown by McTaggart to have a contradictory nature. This comparative account enables us to see not only that Damascius was the first presentist in the history of the metaphysics of time, but also that McTaggart’s analysis rests upon the unreflected assumption that time, if it is real, progresses linearly.
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Shu-Ping, Zhang. "The mission of the Chinese puzzle: From a quest for order to seeking entertainment." Semiotica 2019, no. 230 (October 25, 2019): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0023.
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AbstractThe puzzle has played a significant role in Chinese culture since its formation. The Lo-shu and the Ba-gua, the most prominent number puzzle in ancient China, with its instinctual quest for universal order, has constructed a philosophical system that has incorporated human being as an integral part of nature. The system has exerted great influence on Chinese culture to this day. Because of its mysterious origin and magical evolution, the Ba-gua has been used to predict the fortune of both the nation and the individual. The Chinese character-deconstructing puzzle has also functioned as a foreshadow of one’s fate. By analyzing the components of a character, written by the subject in a specific context, divination was made. In contrast to the solemn mission of the number puzzle, and the character-deconstructing puzzle, the wedding puzzle and the riddle are lighthearted, and intended to provoke humor, and to function pedagogically. A latecomer, once the mysteriousness of number and character has faded, the riddle is used to promote the intellectual development of children. The wedding puzzle has been popular among those who are illiterate and make analogy by using common occurrence to allude to taboo in the oral dialect. Since their illiteracy has excluded them from reading and writing, they are free to make puzzles in their own dialect without being limited by a reverence for the written character.
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Facca, Danilo. "Between Ramus, Alexander of Aphrodisias and Averroes. Francesco Vimercato’s Commentary to Book Twelve of Aristotle’s Metaphysics." Peitho. Examina Antiqua, no. 1(3) (February 11, 2013): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2012.1.10.
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What kind of causality does the Aristotelian Prime Mover exert on the heaven? Who “loves” the Prime Mover? Renaissance peripatetic philosopher, Francesco Vimercato, a “royal” teacher of “Greek and Latin philosophy” in Paris during the forties and the fifties of the 16th century tried to resolve these traditional puzzles that resulted from the exegesis of the Metaphysics XII, 6–7. His solution appears to be innovative, if compared to the ancient and the medieval ones. It seems partially to prefigure the last two decades’ interpretations of Aristotelian “theology”.
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Crowther, Alison, Leilani Lucas, Richard Helm, Mark Horton, Ceri Shipton, Henry T. Wright, Sarah Walshaw, et al. "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 24 (May 31, 2016): 6635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522714113.
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The Austronesian settlement of the remote island of Madagascar remains one of the great puzzles of Indo-Pacific prehistory. Although linguistic, ethnographic, and genetic evidence points clearly to a colonization of Madagascar by Austronesian language-speaking people from Island Southeast Asia, decades of archaeological research have failed to locate evidence for a Southeast Asian signature in the island’s early material record. Here, we present new archaeobotanical data that show that Southeast Asian settlers brought Asian crops with them when they settled in Africa. These crops provide the first, to our knowledge, reliable archaeological window into the Southeast Asian colonization of Madagascar. They additionally suggest that initial Southeast Asian settlement in Africa was not limited to Madagascar, but also extended to the Comoros. Archaeobotanical data may support a model of indirect Austronesian colonization of Madagascar from the Comoros and/or elsewhere in eastern Africa.
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Bowden, Hugh. "When Things Don't Fit: Looking at the London Mithraeum." Journal of Classics Teaching 19, no. 38 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631018000156.
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The redisplayed London Mithraeum beneath the Bloomberg building in the City of London, and the material recovered from excavation of the site, now on display in the Museum of London, provide a valuable resource for exploring aspects of religion in Roman London. And they are well worth the visit, not least because they are free to the public. Inevitably the information provided with the artifacts and the site itself emphasise what we know about them. But there are puzzling features of this material, and there is a lot that we do not know. I want to discuss some of these puzzles, not with the aim of providing answers, but to remind us that there is still plenty to be discovered about ancient religion, and also that our perspective on the ancient world is always affected by accidents of survival.
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Johannessen, Janne Bondi. "Prescriptive infinitives in the modern North Germanic languages: An ancient phenomenon in child-directed speech." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 3 (December 2016): 231–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586516000196.
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The prescriptive infinitive can be found in the North Germanic languages, is very old, and yet is largely unnoticed and undescribed. It is used in a very limited pragmatic context of a pleasant atmosphere by adults towards very young children, or towards pets or (more rarely) adults. It has a set of syntactic properties that distinguishes it from the imperative: Negation is pre-verbal, subjects are pre-verbal, subjects are third person and are only expressed by lexical DPs, not personal pronouns. It can be found in modern child language corpora, but probably originated beforead500. The paper is largely descriptive, but some theoretical solutions to the puzzles of this construction are proposed.
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Dalal, Vasundhra, Nagarjuna Pasupuleti, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Niraj Rai, and Vasant Shinde. "Advancements and Challenges in Ancient DNA Research: Bridging the Global North–South Divide." Genes 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14020479.
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Ancient DNA (aDNA) research first began in 1984 and ever since has greatly expanded our understanding of evolution and migration. Today, aDNA analysis is used to solve various puzzles about the origin of mankind, migration patterns, and the spread of infectious diseases. The incredible findings ranging from identifying the new branches within the human family to studying the genomes of extinct flora and fauna have caught the world by surprise in recent times. However, a closer look at these published results points out a clear Global North and Global South divide. Therefore, through this research, we aim to emphasize encouraging better collaborative opportunities and technology transfer to support researchers in the Global South. Further, the present research also focuses on expanding the scope of the ongoing conversation in the field of aDNA by reporting relevant literature published around the world and discussing the advancements and challenges in the field.
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Konstantakos, Ioannis M. "Board Games in Ancient Fiction: Egypt, Iran, Greece." Board Game Studies Journal 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 449–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2022-0016.
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Abstract Board games are often used as a plot motif in modern genre fiction, especially in detective and adventure stories. In these types of narrative, a well-known pattern of storytelling or literary structure (e.g., the treasure hunt, the detection of serial crimes, the iniatory course, or the medieval tale collection) is reworked and adapted to the rules and phases of a board game such as chess, jeu de l’oie, or the tarot card pack. This literary practice is very ancient and may be traced back to a number of novelistic compositions of the ancient Near East, dating from the 1st millennium BC to late antiquity. In the Demotic Egyptian Tale of Setne Khaemwaset, from the Saite period, the protagonist Setne plays a board game (probably senet) with the mummy of a long dead and buried magician, in order to gain a powerful book of spells. The widespread Near-Eastern story-pattern of the magical competition is here superimposed on the procedure of a celebrated Egyptian game. In a late Hellenistic Greek novella inspired by the Odyssey (Apion of Alexandria, FGrH 616 F36) Penelope’s suitors play an elaborate game of marbles (petteia) in order to determine which one of them will marry the queen. This is a playful rewriting of the famous bow contest of the Homeric epic. A Sasanian novelistic work, the Wizārišn ī čatrang, adapts the age-old legend of the riddle contest of kings; the riddles are replaced with board games (chess and backgammon), which the opponents invent and propose to each other as difficult puzzles for solution. In all these texts the board game becomes a central symbol of the transformative and innovative power of literary narrative.
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Konstantakos, Ioannis M. "Board Games in Ancient Fiction: Egypt, Iran, Greece." Board Game Studies Journal 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 449–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2022-0016.
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Abstract Board games are often used as a plot motif in modern genre fiction, especially in detective and adventure stories. In these types of narrative, a well-known pattern of storytelling or literary structure (e.g., the treasure hunt, the detection of serial crimes, the iniatory course, or the medieval tale collection) is reworked and adapted to the rules and phases of a board game such as chess, jeu de l’oie, or the tarot card pack. This literary practice is very ancient and may be traced back to a number of novelistic compositions of the ancient Near East, dating from the 1st millennium BC to late antiquity. In the Demotic Egyptian Tale of Setne Khaemwaset, from the Saite period, the protagonist Setne plays a board game (probably senet) with the mummy of a long dead and buried magician, in order to gain a powerful book of spells. The widespread Near-Eastern story-pattern of the magical competition is here superimposed on the procedure of a celebrated Egyptian game. In a late Hellenistic Greek novella inspired by the Odyssey (Apion of Alexandria, FGrH 616 F36) Penelope’s suitors play an elaborate game of marbles (petteia) in order to determine which one of them will marry the queen. This is a playful rewriting of the famous bow contest of the Homeric epic. A Sasanian novelistic work, the Wizārišn ī čatrang, adapts the age-old legend of the riddle contest of kings; the riddles are replaced with board games (chess and backgammon), which the opponents invent and propose to each other as difficult puzzles for solution. In all these texts the board game becomes a central symbol of the transformative and innovative power of literary narrative.
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Skees, Murray. "Aporia and Wonder in the Age of Big Data." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 23, no. 2 (2019): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201951498.
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My argument in this paper is given in two parts. In Part I, I review the ancient understanding of aporia, focusing on works by Plato and Aristotle. I illustrate two ways of understanding aporia: “cathartic” and “zetetic.” Cathartic aporia refers to the experience of being purged of hubris and ignorance through the dialectic. Zetetic aporia, on the other hand, requires us to engage in, recognize, and work through certain philosophical puzzles or problems. In Part II, I discuss the idea of Big Data and then argue that in the “age of answers” neither conception of aporia appears to be necessarily cultivated by the average Internet user. Our experience of wonder suffers when we rely so heavily on the Internet as a “surrogate expert,” and when our social media use betrays the fact that we always seem to gravitate towards the like-minded.
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Bett, Richard. "A Sceptic Looks at Art (but not Very Closely): Sextus Empiricus on Music." International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 3, no. 3 (2013): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105700-03021116.
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The paper examines Sextus Empiricus’ Against the Musicians (M 6), one of the least studied portions of Sextus’ surviving work, against the background of the more general question why he has so little to say on questions that for us would fall under aesthetics. The structure and goals of the book are considered, along with some puzzles about the consistency of his aims. Each of the two main parts is then analyzed separately, including a comparison between the first part and Philodemus’ On Music. Sextus’ apparent lack of interest in aesthetics is explained primarily by his quite general tendency to focus on foundational questions, of which the second part of M 6 is a notable instance; another, connected factor is the common ancient habit (illustrated in the first part of M 6) of treating aesthetic questions in conjunction with ethical or political ones.
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Kurek-Chomycz, Dominika. "Fellow Athletes or Fellow Soldiers? συναθλέω in Philippians 1.27 and 4.3." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 39, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x17689988.
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There is no agreement between interpreters as to whether the verb συναθλέω in Phil. 1.27 and 4.3 presupposes an athletic or a military metaphor. Given that first-century athletes were unlikely to compete as a team, the prefix συν- often puzzles those who interpret συναθλέω as an athletic term, and it is also one of the reasons why others opt for a military background. While the use of the verb alone does not provide any certainty as to the presupposed imagery, in this article I argue that the presence of the prefix συν- does not preclude athletics as a plausible option. Even though team sports were not part of official athletic contests, based on epigraphic evidence I suggest that, in spite of fierce competition, there may have existed a sense of fellowship between ancient athletes in the Roman period. In addition, it is likely that it was enhanced by the existence of a ‘worldwide’ athletic association.
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Kapstein, Matthew. "Indra's Search for the Self and the Beginnings of Philosophical Perplexity in India." Religious Studies 24, no. 2 (June 1988): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500019284.
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In the present essay our concern will be with some of the earliest documents that shed light on the development of Indian reflections on the puzzles of personal identity. These texts are derived from the Upanisads, which exemplify a type of literature that some philosophers may regard as classic, but not as philosophy. What I will be proposing here is that we attempt to regard such very ancient sources of Indian thought more philosophically, more in the manner that some recent writers have begun to re–examine the Presocratics. I attempt to show that although philosophical method was not yet developed in the early literature under consideration (as equally it was not in Anaxagoras or Heraclitus), several important arguments are nonetheless already emerging there in limine. In surveying these proto–arguments, we will also have occasion to remark on their historical and/or conceptual affinities with the developed philosophies of later ages.
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Grigorieva, Irina Andreevna. "Paremiological analysis of the linguo-cultural concept "Truth"." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2309-02.
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The article shows that the paremiological picture of the world (from the ancient Greek παροιμία (paroimia) "a parable, a proverb" and λόγος (logos) "a word, a doctrine") is associated with the linguistic picture of the world through proverbs, sayings, slogans, puzzles, and symbols, reflecting traditional ideas based on people's life experience. Paremias are special units and signs of the language, necessary elements of human communication. These signs convey specific information and show vital and mental states or relationships between specific objects. The paremias of all the peoples of the world are situations of the same type, they have the same logical content and differ only in images (details, realities), by means of which the logical content is published and the features of language, thinking, and culture are highlighted. The author analyzed 143 Russian proverbs containing the word "pravda" ("truth"), some of which are presented in the article. The materials of the article can be useful in the framework of the Linguistics major.
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Nawrot, Janusz. "Νίκη in 1 Macc 3:19 As an Expression of the Confrontation between Israel’s Faith and Pagan Religiosity." Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne 43 (January 19, 2024): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pst.2023.43.1.
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In the proposed article, the author tries to find the theological meaning of the noun νίκη, ‘victory’, present in the text of 1 Macc 3:19. In the entire book, it appears only in this verse, constituting one of its many interpretation puzzles. The analysis will go through several stages, starting with providing dictionary meanings of the term. A review of other terms used to describe the victories that the book uses will also be helpful in the inquiry. In this context, the question arises about the reason for their replacement in v. 19 by this hapax. On the other hand, a brief analysis of individual verses of the Septuagint containing νίκη will raise the question of whether the author could have been inspired by any of them using the noun in his text. Finally, it will be necessary to analyze selected works of Greek ancient literature, against which the meaning of the studied noun presence in the inspired text will become clearer.
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Keppens, Marianne, and Jakob De Roover. "The Brahmin, the Aryan, and the Powers of the Priestly Class: Puzzles in the Study of Indian Religion." Religions 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11040181.
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The classical account of the Brahmin priestly class and its role in Indian religion has seen remarkable continuity during the past two centuries. Its core claims appear to remain unaffected, despite the major shifts that occurred in the theorizing of Indian culture and in the study of religion. In this article, we first examine the issue of the power and status of the Brahmin and show how it generates explanatory puzzles today. We then turn to 18th- and 19th-century sources to identify the cognitive conditions which sustained the classical account of the Brahmin priest and allowed for its transmission. Three clusters of concepts were crucial here: Christian-theological ideas concerning heathen priesthood and idolatry; racial notions of biological and cultural superiority and inferiority; and anthropological speculations about ‘primitive man’ and his ‘magical thinking’. While all three clusters were rejected by 20th- and 21st-century scholarship, the related claims about Brahmanical ritual power continue to be presented as facts. What accounts for this peculiar combination of continuities and discontinuities in the study of (ancient) Indian religion? We turn to some insights from the philosophy of science to sketch a route toward answering this question.
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Botturi, Luca. "Maestro Martino: designing a historic escape room with primary school children." European Conference on Games Based Learning 17, no. 1 (September 29, 2023): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecgbl.17.1.1346.
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Educational escape rooms are being used in all school sectors and in many different subjects across the globe. In most documented cases, escape rooms are designed by teachers and played by students. This paper presents the case study of a primary school class that designed and developed an escape room for both adult and young players in connection with a regional event connected to a historical celebration. The project spanned over the whole school year and included a learning phase, the production of support materials (as comics) and eventually the design and development of the escape room, which was finalized by a local association. After its installation in the ancient local prison, the escape room enjoyed the visit of over 600 players, including tourists, families, groups of friends, and school classes, representing a successful example of open school game design project. The paper presents the key phases of the project: requirement analysis, escape room design (including narrative, puzzles, game-flow and props), escape room implementation, and assessment, with a focus on how to manage complex game design with young children.
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Seissl, Thomas. "Aristotle’s “Now” and the Definition of Time: Method and Exegesis in Simplicius’ Interpretation of Physics IV.10." History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 26, no. 2 (February 16, 2024): 366–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-bja10087.
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Abstract Physics IV.10 (217b30–218a30) is pivotal in Aristotle’s discussion of time, preceding his own account from IV.11 onward. Aristotle presents three puzzles about the existence of time with reference to the “Now”. Modern interpretations often view this section as an aporetic prelude with Aristotle’s failure to provide explicit solutions. This paper examines Simplicius’ alternative interpretation, which draws upon the theory of proof and the syllogistic model from the Posterior Analytics. Simplicius contends that the arguments’ failure lies in their inability to fit within the suitable syllogistic framework to establish a demonstrable definition of time, not in their aporetic nature. Every science has to prove the relation between (i) establishing whether X exists and (ii) showing what X is by establishing what the cause of X is. In evaluating Simplicius’ interpretation, this paper addresses two key aspects of the exegesis of IV.10: firstly, Simplicius can show why the “Now” is not part of the definition of time, and secondly, the ancient commentator underscores the close connection between the arguments in Physics IV.10 and the broader context of Aristotle’s discussion of time. Modern interpreters fail to address both of these issues.
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Jenkins, Gregory S. "Global climate model high-obliquity solutions to the ancient climate puzzles of the Faint-Young Sun Paradox and low-altitude Proterozoic glaciation." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 105, no. D6 (March 1, 2000): 7357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jd901125.
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Olson, S. Douglas. "Names and Naming in Aristophanic Comedy." Classical Quarterly 42, no. 2 (December 1992): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800015949.
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One of the ironies of literary history is that the survival of Aristophanic comedy and indeed of all Greek drama is due to the more or less faithful transmission of a written text. Reading a play and watching one, after all, are very different sorts of activities. Unlike a book, in which the reader can leaf backward for reminders of what has already happened or forward for information about what is to come, a play onstage can be experienced in one direction only, from ‘beginning’ to ‘end’. Nor can a play be put down and picked up again at one's leisure or interrupted while the audience puzzles over a difficult or intriguing passage. Live theatre is an ephemeral and essentially independent thing, which must be experienced in its own time and on its own terms or not at all, and as a result we modern readers, dependent on the written page, are at a marked disadvantage in understanding ancient drama. Taplin's study of staging in Aeschylus has shed considerable light on the dramatic technique of Athenian tragedy. Stage-practice in Aristophanic comedy, and in particular the ways in which names and naming are used there, has received much less attention.
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Kuriakose, John. "The Book of Job: A Greco-Hebrew Rhetorical Drama." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n2p72.
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<p><em>The Book of Job</em>, as a biblical book, which “does not have a literary parallel in ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature,” continues to be an enigma to scholars. Its puzzles mainly concern its roots, genre and structure. Though the book exhibits a variety of generic features creating the impression of a work of multiple authors, a careful look at its form reveals that for its structural organization, its author has relied much on the form of Greek rhetoric, which Aristotle explains in his work, On<em> Rhetoric,</em> of the mid-350’s BCE. Thus, as a testament of Judeo-Christian faith and the Hebrew concept of divine justice, it has the structural frame of the Athenian judicial rhetoric. Also, it has the generic features of the Greek dramatic, Hebrew epic and fairytale traditions. These features undermine the theory of multiple authorship of the book. Presumably, it was written by a Jew who was well-versed in Hebrew traditions and faith, well-informed on the literary traditions of the time, and well-trained in the art of Greek rhetoric and drama. And hence, <em>The Book of Job</em> deserves to be called a Greco-Hebrew Rhetorical Drama.</p>
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Ameen, Hamad, and Ziyad Ismail. "Mulla Salih Al-Gozapanki (1394 AH/1974 AD) and his Methodology in his Footnote Called 'Idraak Al-Madarik on Al-Madarik Al-Tanzil and Facts of Interpretation'." Islamic Sciences Journal 14, no. 9 (January 31, 2024): 340–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.23.14.9.1.17.
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This research is specialized in the study of the life of Mulla Salih Al- Gozapanki, and his approach through Surat al-Nisa’ to explain the life of the author, and to clarify his approach through his footnote called (Idraak al-Madarik al-Maariq al-Nazil and Facts of Interpretation), as it is one of the valuable comprehensive footnotes to the tasks of footnotes written on the interpretations of al-Kashaf and al-Baydawi.
It is to clear their puzzles, and reveal answers to what is there in the interpretation of Al-Nasafi. The research began with an introduction to the life of the author and then touched on his approach , showing how to deal with it, supporting all this with examples of interpretation, and then touching on some of the advantages and disadvantages of his interpretation.
This research is an excerpt from my MA thesis entitled (Recognition of perceptions of Mulla Salih Al- Gozapanki on (perceptions of revelation and realities of interpretation by Al-Nasafi from verse (24) to verse (87) of Surat Al-Nisa, a study and investigation).
This part came as a principle and a conceptual entrance to acknowledge the author's approach , how it is inferred by the hadiths of the Prophet , the sayings of ancient scholars and interpreters, his exposure to the syntactic, grammatical and rhetorical aspects, his extraction of jurisprudential and doctrinal deductions and other issues related to the sciences of the Glorious Qura'an.
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Jenkins, Gregory S. "Correction to “Global climate model high-obliquity solutions to the ancient climate puzzles of the Faint-Young Sun Paradox and low-latitude Proterozoic Glaciation” by Gregory S. Jenkins." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 105, no. D10 (May 1, 2000): 12519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900225.
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Fo, Wenjun. "Equilibrium and Stability of the Solar System Rely on a Human-Like Program of Substance and Information Transfer." Acceleron Aerospace Journal 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.61359/11.2106-2417.
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This study bridges the realms of astronomy and life science, illuminating the intricate interplay between celestial phenomena and terrestrial biology. While humans may perceive the palpable effects of seasons, climate, geographical location, and the movements of the Sun and moon, other phenomena such as changes in Earth's magnetic field and seismic activity are often sensed by animals but elude human perception. However, with disciplined and sustained training, humans possess the potential to harness the rich array of sensors and sensory systems within the body, thereby unlocking the ability to discern and validate the cosmic influences documented by ancient civilizations. In instances where traditional astronomical inquiries, such as the maintenance of galactic equilibrium, present enigmatic puzzles, insights from cutting-edge life science research may offer promising leads. Newly unveiled mechanisms such as the "Function Enhancement Program of Five-Organs through Umbilical Access" and the rhythmic orchestration of the "Rotating Presidency of Twelve-Organs" elucidate the intricate operations of visceral organs within the human body. Indirect evidence suggests a correlation between these biological processes and the transfer of gaseous substances among celestial bodies, including Mercury, Venus, the Sun, and Jupiter, hinting at a temporal synchronicity that may contribute to the equilibrium and stability of the solar system. Confirmation of substance and information transfer processes could unlock new avenues of inquiry in astronomy, shedding light on vexing conundrums such as dark energy and matter, binary pulsars, gravitational waves, inflation fields, and alternative theories to Einstein's General Relativity. Thus, by bridging the disciplines of astronomy and life science, this study offers fresh perspectives and potential breakthroughs in our understanding of the cosmos.
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Singh, Raj Kishor. "Symbology and Codes in Dan Brown’s Origin." Molung Educational Frontier 14 (July 22, 2024): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67923.
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This paper explores the intricate web of symbology and codes found within Dan Brown's gripping novel, Origin. As a renowned master of blending history, art, science and religion, Brown weaves a tale that captivates readers with a labyrinth of symbols and enigmatic ciphers. Through an analysis of key elements in the narrative, this study aims to shed light on the significance of symbolism and cryptographic puzzles as essential devices in the plot's development. Drawing upon Brown's signature writing style, the paper examines the role of religious symbology, ancient texts and iconic art and architecture, intertwining them with scientific theories to craft a compelling narrative. The central focus lies in the protagonist, Robert Langdon, a symbologist, whose expertise in languages and linguistics plays a pivotal role in deciphering messages and solving the mystery at hand. Jean Moréas' Symbolist Manifesto (1886) is a foundational text in the development of literary symbolism. In this manifesto, Moréas emphasized the importance of symbolism in art and literature, advocating for a departure from naturalism and realism. He proposed that artists should focus on conveying emotions and ideas through symbols, rather than direct representation. Applying Moréas' theory of symbolism, the researcher analyzes how Dan Brown employs symbols and codes as key elements in Origin. By analyzing the relationship between language and technological innovation, the study aims to unveil how these elements converge to heighten the intrigue and suspense in the novel. It delves into the significance of linguistic techniques and cryptic passages, as tools for building suspense and enriching the reading experience. Langdon reveals meanings and ideas inherent in symbols and codes and demystifies the concepts- "Where do we come from?" and "Where are we going?"
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Surya Marta Dinata, I. Gede, Ni Komang Sutriyanti, and Gek Diah Desi Sentana. "Seksologi Hindu Dalam Lontar Rukmini Tattwa." Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 3, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpah.v3i1.822.
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<p><em>Health of human reproduction is one of the important things that must be considered as a repair tool for women, the development of the age is increasing, the development of reproductive health disease is very worrying as much we hear now. Health tools must be considered by caring for medical devices themselves. There are many kinds of treatments offered for modern health care. In the religion of sexuality there is a lot of it in the ancient manuscripts which know less, one of them is Lontar Rukmini Tattwa</em><em><br /> The results of the study: (1) Sexology in Lontar Rukmini Tattwa contains various kinds of health ingredients for self-care and also intimate organs in both men and women. Judging from the contents of the palm leaf, the sexology in Lontar Rukmini Tattwa is a sexology about the health of intimate organs and treatments for the health and beauty of the body. In Lontar Rukmini Tattwa there are approximately 157 types of herbs used to treat self and intimate organs. From approximately 157 types of herbs, the authors group them into 6 types of potions related to their activities, including (1) male and female, 2 ) Potions for beauty care, (3) Potions for bodily ailments, (4) Potions during intercourse, (5) Passion concoctions, (6) Potions to get help. The ingredients in Lontar Rukmini Tattwa use most of the medicinal plants, among others, laos, pepper, manjakane, turmeric, ginger, meeting comedy, temu ireng, sugar cane, grass puzzles, agave, lotus plants, lace. The values contained in Lontar Rukmini Tattwa are Theological Values, Ethical Values, and Social Values.</em></p>
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Herzen, Andrey, Silviya Kostovska, and Tamara Nesterova. "Mysteries of Vasilkov on the Dniester: history, geography, toponymy, architecture." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 4 (2021): 495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-495-519.
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The article provides a comprehensive historic-geographical, toponymic and architectural analysis of a unique monument of medieval religious and defensive architecture—the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin in Vasilkov on the Dniester and its surroundings, located on the modern state border of Moldavia with the Ukraine, and in the Middle Ages it served as the border point of the Principality of Moldavia with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Eastern outpost of the capital of the tsinut (county) of Soroky and its main fortification—the Soroka castle. The architecture of the rural temple with a bell tower, erected on the elevated cape with steep slopes, is a rare example of a preserved structure that combines the traditions of wooden architecture based on the proportions used in antiquity for the construction of stone churches. The medieval fortified point with a unique monument of the cult-defensive architecture together with a courtyard, a trading square, as well as an ancient trade road and a river crossing represent a united natural and historic-cultural complex. The solution of historic-geographical puzzles enveloping the monument of heritage is based on a comprehensive multiscale historic-cartographical analysis and the use of modern geographic information methods, including comparison of topographic maps with aerial and satellite images of the terrain, as well as high-precision digital elevation models, hydrography and other cartographic products. A method of comparing cartographic images of an area in chronological slices (in different historical periods) is supposed to be highly effective. It allows you to observe the historic-geographical evolution of the area. A research of the complex of toponymic problems associated with the territory under study reveals the processes of massive transfer of geographical names in antiquity, covering not only the North-Western Black Sea Region and adjacent territories, but also much wider spaces of the East European Plain, where modern toponymic landscapes were formed.
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Parens, Erik. "Living with the Ancient Puzzle." Hastings Center Report 44, s2 (March 2014): S50—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.298.
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الشرعي, إيمان أحمد صالح. "التعمية في الشعر الشعبي اليمني من خلال طريقة (الدرسعية)." Albaydha University Journal 3, no. 2 (October 24, 2021): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56807/buj.v3i2.188.
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يتناول هذا البحث موضوعًا يتعلق بالشعر الشعبي اليمني، وطريقةً سلكها بعض شعرائه في بعض قصائدهم؛ لأغراض معينة، هي طريقة (الدرسعية)، وتعتمد هذه الطريقة على التبادل بين الحروف، حيث يوجد لكل حرف بديل، ويحتاج قارئ هذه النصوص إلى فهم قواعد الدرسعية؛ لفك شفرتها والوصول إلى الكلمات التي قصدها الشاعر، وسيعتمد البحث على القصائد الشعبية التي جاءت بهذه الطريقة؛ بغية معرفة السبب الذي يقف وراء استعمالهم لهذا النوع من الشعر الذي أصبح يعرف لدى الشعراء الشعبيين بالشعر الدرسعي، والفكرة العامة لهذه الطريقة تدخل ضمن التعمية عند العرب، وتشابه فكرة التاريخ الشعري إلا أن التاريخ الشعري قد اعتمد على الأرقام في حين أن الدرسعية تعتمد على الأحرف، كما أنها تقترب من مفهوم الإلغاز عند البلاغيين، وسيعتمد البحث على المنهجين الوصفي والتحليلي؛ كونهما الأنسب للموضوع، وقد جاء البحث مقسمًا إلى ثلاثة مباحث، مسبوقة بتمهيد، تناول التمهيد مفهوم التعمية وطرقها في مطلبه الأول، ثم جاء المطلب الثاني حول التاريخ الشعري، أما المباحث فقُسِّمت على النحو الآتي:
المبحث الأول- مفهوم الدرسعية وطريقتها.
المبحث الثاني-أصول الطريقة الدرسعية.
المبحث الثالث- نماذج من الشعر الدرسعي.
وقد توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج، أبرزها أن الطريقة الدرسعية المتداولة في مجتمع الدراسة قديمة جدًا، تصل إلى أكثر من ستة قرون، وكانت تُعرف بالقلم القُمِّي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التعمية- الدرسعية- الشعر الدرسعي- الإلغاز- التاريخ الشعري.
Abstract :
The existing paper attends to study a popular poetry and the way that poets follow in their poems for some specific purposes. This way is known as Al-Darsaeeah way. It relies on letters exchanging where there is an alternative letter for each one. The reader of these texts needs to understand the rules of Al-Darseeaeh to resolve its codes to reach the intended meaning of the poet's words. The research attempts to discuss some popular poems that is written in this way, in order, to know the reasons behind using this style of poetry. This kind of poetry is familiar with Al-Darasaee poetry for popular poets. The general idea behind this way comes within Encipher for Arabs. In reality, Al-Darsaeah poetry is similar to poetic history . The only difference is that poetic history relies on numbers while Al-Darsaeeah relies on letters. Moreover, Al-Dareseeah is similar to puzzles concept for rhetoricians. The research is based on analytical descriptive method.Because of being the most suitable method for this research. The research is divided into three sections, preceding by an introduction of 'Encipher' and its types in its first part. The second part includes poetic history. For the sections, they are divided into the following:
The first section- Al-Darsaeeah concept and its style.-
The second section- The origin of Al-Darsaeeah style.-
The third section- Samples of Al-Darsaeeah poetry.-
The research has gotten to many findings, the most important one is that the current Al-Darsaeeah style in the society of the study is ancient. It returns to more than six centuries; it was known as Al-Qaumi pen.
Keywords: Encipher- Al-Darsaeeah- Darasaee poetry- Puzzle- poetic history.
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Bower, B. "Fossil Find Creates Ancient Ape Puzzle." Science News 138, no. 20 (November 17, 1990): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3975096.
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Machan, Tibor R. "Is free will real?" Think 4, no. 12 (2006): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175600001718.
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Savova, Ivelina. ""WORD SQUARES" – FROM ANCIENT POMPEII TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES." Годишник на Шуменския университет. Факултет по Хуманитарни науки XXXIIIA, no. 1 (November 10, 2022): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/mwgx8797.
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This paper examines the origin and development of the crossword text type, from its origin in the “word squares” of antiquity, to their popularization in the nineteenth century and first modern crossword puzzle’s emergence in 1913. It also discusses Bulgarian contributions to the world’s most popular game.
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Belasova, Inga. "ON THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC SPACE OF THE CONCEPT ‘STUŅDINĪKS’." Via Latgalica, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2010.3.1673.
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<p>System of knowledge about the world taking shape in the human mind from birth is under constant development. Time and its measurement machines, varying over the centuries, embodies and reflects history, social life, ethnography and culture of certain nation. Folklore genres such as riddles and mutual chaffing songs have a vivid imagery, as well as strict regularities of forms, which appropriately also affects conservation of ancient aspects for understanding of certain perception.</p><p>Aim of the paper – to describe understanding of the concept ‘stuņdinīks’ (Latgalian for timepiece, clock) and its functionality in the Latgalian folklore. Lexically semantic field reveals the functional and axiological sectors for use of the concept ‘stuņdinīks’, as well as figurative pictures that were used for its representation and recognition in puzzles and mutual chaffing songs.</p><p>Meaning of the concept ‘stuņdinīks’ highlights three essential elements – the philosophical, which updates uniqueness of the time count and associative perception in Latgale, the axiological, showing material and spiritual values of ‘stuņdinīks’, and the lexical, where a single semantic field combines semantic variations of ‘stuņdinīks’. At a cognitive level ‘stuņdinīks’ is understood as a device for measuring time. While the emotional attitude to this reality is demonstrated by folklore, where conceptual content of ‘stuņdinīks’ appears in a variety of meaning transfers.</p><p>Lexically semantic field of the ‘stuņdinīks’ concept is composed of synonyms for ‘stuņdinīks’ (pulkstiņs, laikruods, zegars), its direct and figurative sense, word combinations with lexeme ‘stuņdinīks’ revealing functional and axiological sphere of the ‘stuņdinīks’ use, as well as figurative pictures that were used in folklore for representation and recognition of ‘stuņdinīks’. Semantic field in the context of analysis of the concept ‘stuņdinīks’ has to be perceived as an independent entity related to certain areas of human experience and in the psychological reality is shown and perceived in the folklore texts. ‘Stuņdinīks’ reflect the popularly-rooted perception of the object, by conferring to it real or imagined features and expressing ambiguously interpretable attitude towards it.</p><p>Lexically semantic elements contained within the field of ‘stuņdinīks’ concept represents significant concepts of Latgalians on the everyday realities. Their figurative interpretation reveals the emotional attitude existing in nation towards ‘stuņdinīks’ as a spiritual, as well as material value. Meaning transferences reflects the importance of ‘stuņdinīks’ singularity at the everyday and social level, while the cognitive level permits to discover features for setting it up in riddles and mutual chaffing songs.</p>
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Wang, Shengpeng, Miao Tan, Zhangfeng Zhong, Meiwan Chen, and Yitao Wang. "Nanotechnologies for Curcumin: An Ancient Puzzler Meets Modern Solutions." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/723178.
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Curcumin, a low-molecular-weight natural polyphenol mainly found in the plantCurcuma longa(turmeric), is widely used as a food colorant and as a potential protective agent against several chronic diseases including cancer, HIV-infection, neurological, cardiovascular, and skin diseases. Moreover, evidences from long-term use process and preclinical trials have demonstrated low toxicity of curcumin, even at relatively high doses. However, it has been well known that the application of curcumin was limited owing to its water insolubility, instability, and poor bioavailability. For decades, many attempts have been made to compensate for these disadvantages, with the development of improved delivery platforms as the feasible approaches. The past ten years witnessed the encouraging progress in the use of nanoscale drug delivery systems on curcumin such as loading curcumin into liposomes or nanoparticles, forming self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), cyclodextrin inclusions, and solid dispersions, as well as the latest reported technologies such as nadodisks and nanotubes. This paper summarizes the recent works on the design and development of nanoscale delivery systems of curcumin, with the goal of harnessing the true difficulties of this multifunctional agent in the clinical arena.
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Ng, Charlotte Jia Lerd. "Deborah and Female Leadership in the Context of Deuteronomistic Theology." Asia Journal Theology 36, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54424/ajt.v36i2.43.
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Why did God place Deborah, who was a woman, in a leadership position in ancient patriarchal Israel? The biblical record of Deborah’s account had puzzled readers throughout centuries as it reflected an unconventional gender role. This study will show that Deborah was presented as an ideal leader according to Deuteronomistic theology. She was an agent used by Yahweh to fulfill five Deuteronomistic theological themes (DtrTh), showing that Deborah was a fitting judge and prophetess in ancient patriarchal Israel.
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Bunker, Emma C. "Gold in the Ancient Chinese World: A Cultural Puzzle." Artibus Asiae 53, no. 1/2 (1993): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3250506.
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Su, Zhixi, Junqiang Wang, and Xun Gu. "Effect of Duplicate Genes on Mouse Genetic Robustness: An Update." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/758672.
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In contrast toS. cerevisiaeandC. elegans, analyses based on the current knockout (KO) mouse phenotypes led to the conclusion that duplicate genes had almost no role in mouse genetic robustness. It has been suggested that the bias of mouse KO database toward ancient duplicates may possibly cause this knockout duplicate puzzle, that is, a very similar proportion of essential genes (PE) between duplicate genes and singletons. In this paper, we conducted an extensive and careful analysis for the mouse KO phenotype data and corroborated a strong effect of duplicate genes on mouse genetics robustness. Moreover, the effect of duplicate genes on mouse genetic robustness is duplication-age dependent, which holds after ruling out the potential confounding effect from coding-sequence conservation, protein-protein connectivity, functional bias, or the bias of duplicates generated by whole genome duplication (WGD). Our findings suggest that two factors, the sampling bias toward ancient duplicates and very ancient duplicates with a proportion of essential genes higher than that of singletons, have caused the mouse knockout duplicate puzzle; meanwhile, the effect of genetic buffering may be correlated with sequence conservation as well as protein-protein interactivity.
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Burke, Michael B. "Dion and Theon: An Essentialist Solution to an Ancient Puzzle." Journal of Philosophy 91, no. 3 (1994): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2940990.
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Helmi, Amina, J. F. Navarro, B. Nordström, J. Holmberg, M. G. Abadi, and M. Steinmetz. "Pieces of the puzzle: ancient substructure in the Galactic disc." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 365, no. 4 (December 8, 2005): 1309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09818.x.
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Petit, Charles. "Continental hearts: Ancient expanses called cratons pose a geological puzzle." Science News 178, no. 13 (December 9, 2010): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591781325.
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Prisman, Eliezer Z. "Real estate transactions in ancient Israel: excavating embedded options utilizing modern finance." Financial History Review 22, no. 1 (April 2015): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565015000062.
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An economic setting of ancient Jewish law is analyzed and reinterpreted in light of a modern formal financial model. Certain real estate transactions in ancient Israel, as stipulated in the Bible, involved embedded financial options that seem to have been overlooked by the commentators. This article interprets, utilizing modern financial theory, the biblical text and sheds light on a phrase used in stipulating these rules that has puzzled some commentators. The option's value and the complexity of the pricing system that would have been needed in order to capture true market prices of these assets are demonstrated.
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Hansen, Heine. "This Woman Is a Father? The Albricani on a Puzzle about Relations." Vivarium 60, no. 2-3 (August 17, 2022): 248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-06002006.
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Abstract Medieval philosophers had a predilection for using the correlative pair father and son as an illustrative example in their discussions of relations. The use of this example has sometimes led to charges of confusion on the grounds that fatherhood and sonship are not proper converses. The present article shows how a group of twelfth-century philosophers from the milieu around the logician Alberic of Paris handled the problems arising from the use of this illustrative example which they had inherited from their ancient and late-ancient predecessors.
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Iwahashi, Junko, Yoshiharu Nishioka, Daisaku Kawabata, Akinobu Ando, and Hiroshi Une. "Development of an online learning environment for geography and geology using Minecraft." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-143-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The purpose of this research is to give children a geographical viewpoint, and to encourage an interest in, and awareness of, landforms and geology. We created a system based on an exploration type computer game and verified the educational effects. Moreover, we aim to reach not only the virtual aspect but we also have a goal of creating interest in the actual field. As a secondary effect, by using a computer game that attracts children’s interest, we aim to make the experience of solving issues subjective and active even if the player is a passive child, a child with little inquiry, or a child who is not adept at self-assertion. With this new approach, we also hope to interact with young generations who usually do not interact with researchers.</p><p>Many thematic maps of geography and geology are already published on the Web. They are popular among those who need to collect and view the information for some reason or with those who are interested in observing topographic maps and are interested in geology. However, in particular, the approach to children who do not have such motivation needs one more step: a mechanism to induce an inquiring mind, and a mechanism that leads to finding the information and having interest in the real field.</p><p>The platform of this research is Minecraft Education Edition (Mojang/Microsoft). Minecraft is very popular game software which has exceeded one hundred million users worldwide in recent years, and in Japan there are many elementary and junior high school student enthusiasts of Minecraft. In the game a user explores a virtual world made of cubic blocks. The blocks imitate vegetation, rock formations, and other items, and can create various puzzles. In recent years, the release of the Education Edition assumes use in classrooms.</p><p>In this research, we have constructed a virtual world tailored to a specific junior high school which teaches science classes to first grade students. First, we re-created the actual school buildings and also included the underground geologic strata based on data from boring. In addition, we created a mechanism to expand children’s imagination and knowledge about past environments which can be understood from the geological strata. We also provided checkpoints and gave challenges regarding knowledge about the formation of the land. Together with this modern world, we created ancient virtual worlds so users may understand the geological history around the school’s location.</p><p>Through the experience of this research, we were able to confirm the mechanisms for promoting motivation in children and aiding their understanding of science. It can be applied to systems other than Minecraft, and it can contribute to educational support in a wide variety of fields.</p>
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Wolfson, Vladimir. "The Puzzle of Acupuncture." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 31, no. 06 (January 2003): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x0300151x.
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Acupuncture is based on the theory of channels, which serve as pathways for energy (Qi). On the course of the channels, acupuncture points are described, and by stimulation of these points, therapeutic effects may be achieved. This system is very complex and both channels and acupuncture points are anatomically invisible. Unlike in Western medicine, scientists fail to trace both the origin and the progress of acupuncture theory. Having developed in its full form not later than the 2nd century BC, it never underwent fundamental change. On the other hand, it has become a part of modern Western medicine as an effective therapy and the existence of acupuncture points, specified thousands of years ago, has been demonstrated by modern science. It is hardly probable that acupuncture theory, although dating back to ancient times, could have originated in primitive civilization. The origin of the energy channel theory does not fit into the traditional developmental scheme. The existence of the theory cannot be explained other than by its being a product of a highly developed civilization.
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Moore, Kate. "PORCELAIN." Tempo 72, no. 285 (June 19, 2018): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298218000128.
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AbstractTime through history can be marked by the passing of generations. Archeological sites reveal the intimate secrets of our ancient ancestors through thousands of pieces of broken pottery recovered from the ground. Piecing together these shards can be likened to reconstructing a jigsaw puzzle, one of long forgotten civilisations, places, memories and stories.
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de Lima-Hernandez, Roberto, and Maarten Vergauwen. "A Hybrid Approach to Reassemble Ancient Decorated Block Fragments through a 3D Puzzling Engine." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162526.
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The reassembling of severely damaged tangible heritage is a primordial task for archaeologists who not only aim to further study the past but also to preserve ruined ancient monuments. As a consequence, various researchers have proposed methods to automatically solve this problem by computing and matching geometric properties of counterpart fragments. Although their results are quite promising, experts still carry out this task manually by finding relationships between distinctive matching cues, such as type of decoration, remaining traces, inscriptions’ content, etc. The topic itself poses challenges to both automatic and manual approaches due to the high level of damage ancient broken fragments have undergone over the centuries. Therefore, this paper proposes a Puzzling Engine that combines crucial elements of automatic and manual methodologies to empower experts with registration tools for reassembling fragmented heritage. Unlike similar hybrid human-computer puzzling engines, our approach is capable of automatically proposing matches and rough alignments solely based on the geometry of fractured surfaces. Based on these initial solutions and a set of registration tools, experts can accurately solve the puzzle. The virtual environment has been used and verified to find pairwise puzzle-pieces of actual antique wall decorated fragments, resulting in new discoveries that experts could not have come up with by utilizing classic techniques. Concretely, the contributions are twofold, (i) a feature-based registration pipeline that is able to suggest both matches and alignments to the user and (ii) a virtual interface that integrates automatic and user-assisted techniques to accurately puzzle fragmented surfaces.