Journal articles: 'Ancient powers'

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Reiter, Dan. "Gulliver Unleashed? International Order, Restraint, and The Case of Ancient Athens." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab061.

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Abstract International relations often include orders of smaller powers led by major powers. Perhaps the most significant aspect of international order is whether the major power leader is restrained or nonrestrained. Restrained major powers respect smaller powers’ preferences, eschew wielding power to impose their preferences, and avoid violating the smaller powers’ sovereignties, often using binding institutions and rules. Nonrestrained major powers violate decision-making rules, seek to impose their preferences, and violate smaller powers’ sovereignties using coercion and force. This article asks, what causes an order to evolve from restrained to nonrestrained? It argues that when a major power grows in strength relative to smaller power order members, the major power becomes more likely to abandon restraint, using coercion and force to impose its preferences on the order. Further, there is a snowball effect, as initial acts of nonrestraint undermine the credibility of the major power's commitment to restraint, encouraging smaller powers to exit the order, fueling further major power nonrestraint. The theory is tested on the fifth-century BCE Athenian order. Athens’ transition from restraint to nonrestraint, what some call a transition from alliance to empire, supports the predictions of the theory. Neither ideology nor rent-seeking theories explain this transition.

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Abdulla, Ra-id. "Digoxin: An Ancient Remedy with Resurrected Powers." Pediatric Cardiology 18, no. 3 (February 28, 1997): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002469900161.

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Vasuki, M., and Dr R. Sivaraman. "Solving Quadratic Diophantine EquationforIntegral Powers of 37." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER RESEARCH 12, no. 01 (January 1, 2024): 3996–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmcr/v12i1.10.

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Diophantine Equations named after ancient Greek mathematician Diophantus, plays a vital role not only in number theory but also in several branches of science. In this paper, we have solved an quadratic Diophantine equations where the right hand side are positive integral powers of 37 and provide its integer solutions. The method adopted to solve the given equation is using the concept of polar form of a particular complex number. This concept can be generalized for solving similar equations.

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Kozlovsky, S. V. "PEOPLE's PERCEPTIONS OF POWER IN ANCIENT RUSSIA IN THE REFLECTION OF BYLINY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-1-77-82.

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Power is usually interpreted as the ability to impose one's will on others unconditionally, even against their resistance. This interpretation, which goes back to M. Weber, has a timeless character and allows us to assess the role of power in social practice in any territory. However, the perceptions of power preserved in byliny show that the relations connected with it have many nuances connected with the rights, powers and competence of an individual in the hierarchical structure of Old Russian society. The peculiarity of byliny as a source is that they do not duplicate the chronicle information, but significantly supplement them, which allows a new look at some elements of social practice. This article examines the bylinic perception of governance and subordination as the basis of power relations, as well as related problems: status distribution, functions and powers, ritual conditionality of granting a place in society, the influence of these perceptions on the formation of social myths.

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WONG, John, and Liang Fook LYE. "Reviving the Ancient Silk Road: China's New Diplomatic Initiative." East Asian Policy 06, no. 03 (July 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000221.

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Chinese President Xi Jinping has pursued a proactive foreign policy to strengthen ties with its neighbours. In particular, Xi has proposed two major initiatives, i.e. the Silk Road Economic Belt (an overland route) and the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century (a maritime route), that leverage on China's economic strengths. Nevertheless, China will have to contend with the interests of other major powers as well as its own lack of soft power in its implementation.

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HEISER, MICHAEL S. "Co-regency in Ancient Israel’s Divine Council as the Conceptual Backdrop to Ancient Jewish Binitarian Monotheism." Bulletin for Biblical Research 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26371649.

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Abstract Scholars have long wondered what theological and hermeneutical trajectories allowed committed monotheistic Jews to embrace Christianity’s high Christology. How exactly could devoted followers of Yhwh convert to Christianity and still consider themselves innocent of the charge of worshiping another deity? Alan Segal’s seminal work on the “two powers in heaven” doctrine of ancient Judaism demonstrated that Judaism allowed a second deity figure identified with, but distinct from, Yhwh prior to the rise of Christianity. But Segal never succeeded in articulating the roots of this theology in the Hebrew Bible. This essay seeks to bridge this gap by proposing a Godhead framework put forth by the biblical writers in adaptation of the earlier Canaanite (Ugaritic) divine council involving a co-regency of El and Baʿal. The essay suggests that Judaism’s two powers theology had its roots in an ancient Israelite co-regency notion whereby Yhwh and a second, visible Yhwh figure occupied both roles of the co-regency in the biblical writers’ conception of the divine council.

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Marmodoro, Anna. "Powers of the Mind: Contemporary Questions and Ancient Answers." Topoi 31, no. 2 (October 2012): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-012-9146-7.

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Choi, Kyeongsu, and Liming Sun. "Ancient finite entropy flows by powers of curvature in R2." Nonlinear Analysis 216 (March 2022): 112673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2021.112673.

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9

Kraynak, Robert P. "Tocqueville's Constitutionalism." American Political Science Review 81, no. 4 (December 1987): 1175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962584.

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For the ancient philosophers, constitutionalism meant classifying regimes and constructing regimes to form virtuous citizens. In the modern world it generally means checks and balances, institutional mechanisms limiting the power of government and protecting private rights. In Democracy in America Tocqueville attempts to combine both views in his interpretation of the U.S. constitutional system. He employs the regime analysis of ancient constitutionalism to understand the new phenomenon of popular sovereignty and its potential for despotic control over the minds and characters of citizens. At the same time, he shows how the constitutional devices found in the United States—such as federalism, judicial review, and the separation of powers—can be adapted to inculcate a kind of moral virtue by teaching citizens to exercise liberty with moral responsibility and to govern themselves. The result is a constitutional theory that weaves ancient and modern principles into an original and coherent whole.

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Crickmore, Leon. "A Re-Valuation of the Ancient Science of Harmonics." Psychology of Music 31, no. 4 (October 2003): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03057356030314004.

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Harmonics was the theoretical arithmetic underpinning the tuning of musical instruments in ancient times. It was a numerical science based on ratios of string-length. The ancients believed that the planets circled the heavens in similar mathematical proportions, and that, by analogy, these also corresponded to powers in the human psyche. Harmonics survived as such until the 17th century. Only recently, however, have musicologists made a breakthrough to a more comprehensive understanding of its coherence and cultural significance. This article offers a short re-valuation of harmonics. It seeks to stimulate debate about the relevance of the relationships between number and tone to contemporary thought, and whether an understanding of harmonics has anything to contribute to future interdisciplinary research into the evolution of music and the human mind.

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Zheng, Hong. "The Expressions of Political Power in Panoramic and Grand Space in Ancient Roman Empire before A.D. 476." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 4, no. 2 (March 22, 2023): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0138.

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This article argues the occupation, penetration and radiation of political power in the panoramic space by explaining the typical public architecture and public space in the former Roman Empire. As the most important public space, squares are the places where emperors show their powers. So the political elites try to occupy it. In Colosseum the emperors’ supreme power is thoroughly and incisively expressed by the carefully designed space settings. The public baths with compound decorations and functions are the visual panoramic scene. In this entertaining public space political power penetrates the individual life. The grandness of public architectures in roman city are the result of powers’ ostentation. With the imperial structure the styles and functions of public architectures in roman city radiates the whole empire. With these three relations between power and space this article draws two conclusions. First the ostentatious power based on the competitive power system is the connector between the republic and early empire. The great achievements in public architecture are the fruits of it. Second the super grand territory is the result of the links between military and politics. This links lead to the competitive power system. It also explains why the roman empire is invaded by the barbarians in the west but it continues in the east.

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12

Beckley, Michael. "The Peril of Peaking Powers: Economic Slowdowns and Implications for China's Next Decade." International Security 48, no. 1 (2023): 7–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00463.

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Abstract From ancient times to the present, rising powers have taken up arms to reorder the world. Yet such violent revisionism poses a puzzle: If a rising power is profiting from the existing order, why would it disrupt that progress with a reckless fit of expansion? One reason is slowing economic growth. Over the past 150 years, peaking powers, meaning rising powers whose economic booms have slowed but not yet stopped, have been the most dangerous kind of country. An extended period of rapid growth equipped them with the means to shake up the world, and then a protracted growth slowdown motivated them to move aggressively to try to rekindle their rise. Peaking power dynamics help explain some of the most consequential geopolitical events in modern history, including the surge of U.S. imperialism in the late nineteenth century, the outbreak of World War II, and Russia's 2014 aggression against Ukraine. These findings amend classic theories of great power conflict and have ominous implications for contemporary Chinese foreign policy.

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13

Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. "The Power-Transition Crisis of the 160s–130s BCE and the Formation of the Parthian Empire." Journal of Ancient History 7, no. 1 (May 26, 2019): 111–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0024.

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Abstract Alexander the Great’s conquests ushered in the Hellenistic era throughout the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East. In this period, the Seleucids, one of most successful of the Successor dynasties, ruled over most of the Middle East at the height of their power. Yet two rising powers in the ancient world, Rome and Parthia, played a crucial role in the decline and eventual fall of the Seleucids. In a prior article, I argued that geopolitical developments around the Eastern Mediterranean in the middle third century BCE were indirectly responsible for the emergence of the Parthian state in Iran. Disastrous military conflicts at home and abroad in the west caused a sudden decline of Seleucid power in the 240s–230s, triggering what political scientists call a power-transition crisis. This article utilizes similar approaches to historical analysis and International Relations theory to contend that, after a period of recovery, a further sudden decline of Seleucid power in the 160s–130s triggered another power-transition crisis that brought an end to Seleucid hegemony over the Middle East permanently. The crisis facilitated the rapid transformation of the Parthian state from a minor kingdom to a major empire, drastically changing the international environment of the ancient world.

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Kang, Bongyong. "ancient Haenam's port powers and maritime exchanges based on literature data." Journal of School Social Work 89 (February 28, 2023): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37924/jssw.89.1.

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15

Vallocchia, Franco. "Human and divine in the dialectic of powers in ancient Rome." Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 38, no. 3 (September 2022): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2022.3.29.

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The relationship between human and divine, i.e. between priesthood and empire, is one of the central themes of human history. In ancient Rome, from the age of the reign to the age of the republic and up to the constitutions of the Emperor Justinian in the new Rome, the relationship between human and divine is always in the middle of the institutional arrangements, whether internal to the city or shared among different populations.

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16

Notch, Larry W. "Common Mullein – the Roadside Torch Parade." Weed Technology 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 704–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033091.

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Vereshchagina, A. V., and M. E. Omelyanenko. "Institutionalization of Justice in the Provisions of Russskaya Pravda (Russian Justice)." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.110.1.011-023.

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The phenomenon of Russskaya Pravda (Russian Justice) has been the subject of numerous studies. However, until now there has not been any exhaustively complete description of the judicial system of Ancient Russia due to scarcity of authentic sources.An analysis of the provisions of the most well-known copies of Russkaya Pravda (Russian Justice) and available research have resulted in making a number of statements.The system of justice in Ancient Russia was multisystematic in character and consisted of 4 relatively independent systems: communal, patrimonial, ecclesiastical and princely. The system under consideration had developed as a result of preservation of tribal elements and social stratification, active political genesis and Christianization. The organization of government, including the judicial system, was based on the principle of suzerainty-vassalage, i.e. the persons involved in the administration of justice were servants of the Prince who delegated judicial power to them. The competence of judicial officials was diversified according to the subject matter, territorial and personal criteria. In the system of powers of judicial officials, the powers to charge fees and fines and to impose penalties were the most important. Under Russkaya Pravda (Russian Justice) the system of judicial officials represents a kind of matrix underlying the subsequent institutionalization of judicial bodies.The complex of powers of officials dealing with pre-trial preparation of cases and enforcement of judgments proves that, despite the unity of the procedure for resolving all types of “grievances,” the law-maker distinguished civil and criminal disputes.

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Kilan, Wojciech Stanisław. "State Power over the Body in the Context of Thomistic Ethics — Capital Punishment, Police Killing and Waging War." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 18, no. 3 (May 13, 2024): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.18.3.4.

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When engaging in a philosophical analysis of body and corporeality in a political context, it is essential to ask to what extent, under what circumstances, and in accordance with what moral norms the state performs actions that have the bodies and lives of citizens as their object. This issue was already discussed in ancient philosophy, examples of which can be found in the writings of Plato and Aristotle, but also in ancient jurisprudence, especially in the law and the legal doctrine of ancient Rome. Aware of such a previous history of studies on this topic, this analysis will discuss the three main ways in which state power over the life and health of citizens is manifested. Namely: (i) capital punishment (ii) policing and (iii) warfare. In addition, it will be indicated, based on Thomistic philosophy, what moral norms govern these state actions. The fundamental differences between the three main state powers — judicial, police, and military — will also be shown in the context of lethal actions undertaken on their basis.

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Andrews, Angela Giglio. "Early Childhood Corner: Take the Magic Out of Your Classroom!" Teaching Children Mathematics 2, no. 3 (November 1995): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.2.3.0150.

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From ancient times, people have attributed phenomena that they do not fully comprehend to the supernatural and to magic, which is “the production of results through mysterious influences or unexplained powers” according to the 1984 Random House College Dictionary.

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Urban, William. "Matti Klinge. Ancient Powers of the Baltic Sea, An Illustrated Historical Outline." Scandinavian-Canadian Studies 18 (December 1, 2009): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/scancan42.

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Goodman, John C. "Balance: The Economics of Great Powers from Ancient Rome to Modern America." Business Economics 48, no. 4 (October 2013): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/be.2013.24.

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Acar, Keziban. "An Examination of Russian Imperialism: Russian Military and Intellectual Descriptions of the Caucasians during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878." Nationalities Papers 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599042000186151.

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In nineteenth-century Russia, the Caucasus was a large region composed of various territories and ethnic and religious groups. This region included Circassia, Mingrelia, Georgia, a part of Armenia, the ancient Media, Daghestan and the territories of Suanctians, Ossetians, Abkhazians, Karakalpaks and other mountaineer nations. During the nineteenth century, Persia, Russia and the Ottoman Empire wanted to establish their influence and power on the Caucasus. Due to this conflict, these powers, especially Russia with Persia and Russia with the Ottoman Empire, fought with each other.

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Rieger, Joerg. "Hoping against Hope: Dealing with Hopelessness in Ancient Times and Today †." Religions 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11070331.

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The hope of Abraham was “hope against hope,” the apostle Paul notes in a famous passage in his letter to the Romans 4:18. Such is the hope of the underdog, whose hope is not backed up by the powers that be, manifest by the prevalent empires of the day. Any discussion of hope in this context needs to deal with the limits of hope that have been expressed powerfully by Miguel De La Torre in his book Embracing Hopelessness (2017). As a result, the faith of Abraham that led to hope against hope cannot be blind faith, or what has sometimes been called “the power of positive thinking.” COVID-19 has once again reinforced this insight. Only when the challenges and the roadblocks to faith and hope are seen and embraced, and when false hope is exposed for what it is, can glimpses of real hope break through.

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Kang, Eun-Young. "Banquets that appear in the International relations of ancient East Asia." Korea Association of World History and Culture 68 (September 30, 2023): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2023.09.68.97.

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The materials that provide a glimpse into ancient Japan’s drinking culture are the Manyoshu and Kaifumo. Alcohol in both collections of poetry is overwhelmingly related to banquets. Among these, the banquets held at diplomatic occasions were not simply drinking parties. Music, drinks, issues between the two countries, and the international situation were discussed in the informal meeting set up by the Prime ministe.In this article, I will explore the international situation in East Asia in the 8th century through banquets held at the private residence of King Nagaya in 724 and at the private residence of Fujiwara no Nakamaro in the Tenpyohoji era. In particular, I tried to explore aspects of the diplomacy that took place between Silla and Japan, and between Balhae and Japan. A banquet held at the residence of King Nagaya in 724, many writers of immigrant origin who felt close to the Silla envoys attended. The Nagaya-o’s banquet became a place of peaceful friendship between the two countries. However, the banquet held at Fujiwara no Nakamaro’s residence during the Tenpyohoji era became the center stage of international politics in line with the situation in East Asia. When Fuhito Fujiwara was prime minister, it was very rare for a minister to meet a foreign envoy directly. However, during the time of Nagayao, the prime minister actively intervened in diplomatic powers, which were the inherent powers of the monarch, and ministerial diplomacy was in full swing. Furthermore, it was at its peak during the time of Fujiwara Fuhito. The essence of ministerial diplomacy is for the prime minister to personally contact diplomatic missions and control all or part of the diplomatic powers inherent in the monarch.n other words, it can be said that the banquet for a minister held at a private residence is the measure of ministerial diplomacy, rather than an event for honoring guests.

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Meikle, Scott. "Modernism, economics, and the ancient economy." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 41 (1996): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006867350000198x.

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Modernism, as a phenomenon in the study of the ancient world, has shown miraculous powers of recuperation from repeated and apparently fatal blows, and the appearance in 1992 of Edward Cohen's book Athenian economy and society: a banking perspective is a reminder of the fact. Modernism's apparent capacity to postpone terminal decline obviously has something to do with the subject of economics, but the connections are unclear.It might be imagined that modernism began with the first appearance of economics as an independent science in the eighteenth century. But in fact the classical political economists did not seek to universalize political economy backwards in time to cover the whole of human history in the way that today's modernists try to universalize economics. Adam Smith distinguished four stages in the development of mankind from the ‘rude’ to the ‘civilized’ state. He was perfectly aware that what he called ‘the stage of commerce’ was historically recent, that earlier forms of society had been quite different in character, and that the new science of political economy described only the operations of the last stage, that of commerce.

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Shrestha, Amrit Kumar, and Tara Nath Ghimire. "Power of Initiative and Immunity of Local Government in Federal Nepal." Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society 4, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/researcher.v4i1.33812.

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Traditionally, it was considered that federal and state governments are the primary two components of the federal system. Provisions relating to local governments were left in the hand of state governments. The recent concept of federalism accepts the local governments as third and integral tier of the federal system. However, federalism and decentralization are used in different meaning. Federalism means the division of power within the center and federal units whereas decentralization considers devolution of power to the local units. The history of the local government begins with the ancient regime in Nepal, and it continues till at present. This article analyzes whether Nepal's local governments are exercising autonomous powers in the new federal system. It examines the local governments' status and positions in light of Clark's theory of autonomy. It concludes that the local governments have vested a significant level of powers of initiative and immunity to being needed for an autonomous institution.

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Revel, Judith. "Constituting New Modes of Thought and Life." South Atlantic Quarterly 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-10066428.

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Foucault’s work in the 1980s on the ancient Greek and Roman world, following a far-reaching analysis of the transformation and rearrangement of the economies of power between the beginning of the modern era and the 19th century, reoriented his thought from the analysis of powers towards an investigation into practices of subjectivation and the constitution of an ethics of the self in ancient thought. Through a new and unique method of writing and investigation, Foucault comes to insist on the centrality of life, displacing the relation between the self and logos from the order of discourse and reasoning to that of existence, a self-exposure that effectively transforms the manner in which one lives into a form of public risk-taking, a passage, expressed by the transition from the figure of Socrates to that of the Cynics within the final 1984 course at the Collège de France.

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Slusarenco, Svetlana, and Lina Vladiceanu-Starsii. "Functions and Powers of the President of the Republic of Moldova Through the Prism of the Judicial the Practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova." Intellectus, no. 1 (July 2023): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56329/1810-7087.23.1.07.

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The institution of the president, especially the person of the head of state, has played, since ancient times, the defining role in the organization and functioning of any collective/community. In the con-text of the importance of the institution of the head of state in the system of central public authorities, and also taking into account the political regime from the perspective of the need to ensure the separation of powers in the state, particular importance is given to the determination of the functions and the establishment of the powers of the President, which, in the end, conditions the legal nature of the political system and the constitutional configuration of government. The functions and powers of the President are determined by factors, such as: the way of appointing the head of state, the relations between the legislative and the executive power, the constitutional checks and balances mechanism to ensure the balance between the state institutions, namely: Parliament-Government, Parliament-President, President-Government and in relation to the judicial authority.

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Frankfurter, David. "The Dwindling and Haunting Persistence of Ancient Religions." Religion and Theology 29, no. 1-2 (August 9, 2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-bja10036.

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Abstract Considering recent ‘Death of Religion’ literature, this essay concludes that ‘death’ is not a particularly helpful metaphor to describe historical changes in the area of religion. A human lifespan metaphor is inappropriate for understanding the transformation of religion on the ground. The question should rather center on the transformation of religion as a feature of real, historical cultures. This essay explores what this means for the study of transformations of religions in Late Antiquity by focusing on materiality of religion and the enduring agency of religious spaces. In the larger context of religious change in history, the ‘presences,’ the ghosts and powers, radiated by places – by temples and caves, hillsides and springs – should be given more prominence in this discussion of religious twilights and religious demise.

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Prof. J. López-Bonilla and R. Sivaraman. "On Solving a Quadratic Diophantine Equation Involving Odd Powers of 17." Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijam.a1165.04010424.

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Diophantine Equations named after ancient Greek mathematician Diophantus, plays a vital role not only in number theory but also in several branches of science. In this paper, we will solve one of the quadratic Diophantine equations where the right hand side are odd positive integral powers of 17 and provide its complete solutions. The method adopted to solve the given equation is using the concept of polar form of a particular complex number. This concept can be generalized for solving similar equations.

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Dmitriev, Vladimir. "The Border Defense Systems of Sasanian Iran." ISTORIYA 13, no. 2 (112) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019843-6.

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Almost all the great ancient both Eastern and Western powers sought to secure their borders by erecting border defensive lines. In this respect, Sassanian Iran was no exception. On the borders of the Sassanid Empire at different times, but mainly during the period of the highest power of the Sasanid kingdom (4th—6th centuries CE), strong fortification systems were erected. In scale, they surpassed many of the more famous similar structures created in the Classical world. These included the Wall of the Arabs, the Wall of Gorgan, the Wall of Tammishe, Jar-i Kulbad, the Darband fortification system, and the Darial Gorge.

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Nantet, Emmanuel. "“ Hippapai !” Horse-Carriers: A Master Ship of Ancient Thalassocracies." Klio 105, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 486–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0029.

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Summary Most powerful ancient navies included a type of ship that conveyed cavalry known as hippagogos – a master weapon of all sea powers – to carry out their expeditions overseas. Ancient thalassocracies understood that their dominion depended not only on fighting ships. Cavalry was necessary for victory on land and was thus a necessary component of their maritime strategy. Control of Mediterranean waters necessitated the construction of horse-carriers that provided much needed auxiliary support to the fleet. Although a naval force might include only a few of these vessels, their role was essential, and for this reason they were part of every significant fleet. Only sea powers with large resources and advanced nautical skills could commission horse-transports, which were old warships that had been transformed. This investigation traces the evolution in the use of vessels conveying cavalry from Persian expeditions in the Aegean to the Battle of Actium. The study considers the literary and epigraphic sources evidencing them in order to emphasize their continued importance for the evolution of naval warfare throughout antiquity. Athenian horse-carriers are the best documented examples and are considered the most extensively, even though many other powers used these kinds of vessels. At the peak of their maritime empire, the Athenian employed horse-carriers on multiple occasions against their enemies. The city-state was renowned for them to the extent that Aristophanes dedicated a comedic episode to them in his play Knights, which indicates the great interest of elites in these vessels. The article also reassesses the role of the cavalrymen who played pivotal roles in the expeditions of all maritime empires in antiquity.

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Kober, Marc. "The Magic Powers of Ancient Egypt: Georges Henein, André Breton and Horus Schenouda." "Wonderful Things":Surrealism and Egypt 19 (October 4, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0084-9537.1272.

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Akhmedshayeva, Mavlyuda. "THE THEORY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS AND SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ITS FORMATION." Review of Law Sciences 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2023.7.4./cbtb5436.

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The principle of separation of powers implies the division of state power, which is unified by its source, into three mutually independent branches. Each of the branches of power is responsible for an important area of state activity and, at the same time, exercises control over the conduct of activities within the authority of other branches of power, which is ensured by the mechanism of “checks and balances.” In this regard, the analysis of some theoretical issues related to the history of the formation and development of the theory of separation of powers will serve to proper understanding of the content and essence of this principle and determine its place in the organization of effective state power. Consequently, the original ideas that form the core of the theory of separation of powers appeared in the political and legal thought of the ancient world, which was refined over the centuries and later formed into a unified theory. John Locke and Montesquieu are recognized as the founders of this theory. Despite the fact that this theory was created quite a long time ago and has already been established as a principle of the formation of state power, disputes about the origin of this principle, its content, and its meaning in scientific communities do not stop; the views are quite contradictory. The article analyzes some aspects of these issues from the point of view of the theory of state and law.

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Bunthorn, Khath. "Soft Power in India’s Act East Policy: A Cambodian Perspective." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 79, no. 2 (June 2023): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284231165110.

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In the contemporary multipolar world order, great powers are on the rise. As they possess coercive hard power, they also tend to have persuasive soft power in international relations. Soft power has become one of the most important dimensions of the foreign policies of great powers. Over the past decades, the use of soft power in the Asian context has gained significant traction. As an emerging power, India has begun to realise the usefulness of its rich culture and ancient civilisation as an indispensable source of soft power in the practice of public diplomacy. Specifically, New Delhi has utilised soft power in its Act East Policy (AEP) towards Southeast Asia, where historical connections and cultural legacy are deep between the two regions. In this context, the article examines the concept of soft power and its implications in India’s AEP. It argues that rather than asserting influence on the recipient country, India’s soft power is instrumental in building its international image as a benign power in international politics. The article looks at Cambodia as a case study to see how India’s international image has been perceived in the Southeast Asian kingdom, given that both countries share strong cultural and civilisational links.

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Lucarelli, Rita. "“When Everything Is Human, the Human Is an Entirely Different Thing …” Animal Powers in the Ancient Egyptian Demonic Imagery and Beyond." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 23, no. 1 (August 24, 2023): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341336.

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Abstract This article attempts a comparative analysis of the ancient Egyptian demonic imagery of animal and hybrid figures, according to anthropological studies and theories of perspectivism, as well as by referring to studies of Monster Theory and Cryptozoology. The aim is to disclose what kind of agency real and imaginary animals of the ancient Egyptian Duat (Beyond) possess and how it relates to the agency of humans and other non-human beings populating the Realm of the Dead.

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Fiizha, Berliana Fatihatuz, Mohammad Robby M, and Rizky Apria Bakti. "Dinamika Perkembangan Kebudayaan di Persia dan Mesir Kuno." SINDANG: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Kajian Sejarah 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/sindang.v2i2.789.

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The ancient persians and egyptians were known as the originators and beginnings of modern civilization today in the world, from these two civilizations close to the great rivers. Early in its civilization, Persia developed through warfare and conquest of other areas without war powers and fertile areas the expansion of territory was the only way to make progress. The education of the era was still one of harsh military education and extremely high discipline, because the persians were the main military force to conquer the land rather than technological or scientific advancement. The ancient egyptians are enjoyed a greater cultural and educational culture than the persians because military forces of both land and sea are rather popular. The ancient egyptians were extremely wealthy, supported by natural resources, because they lived along the Nile's regular flood course and caused the region around the river to become fertile and suitable for cultivation.

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Löwstedt, Anthony. "Do we still adhere to the norms of ancient Egypt? A comparison of Ptahhotep’s communication ethics with current regulatory principles." International Communication Gazette 81, no. 6-8 (October 3, 2018): 493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518802241.

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Values and norms for communication expressed in the ancient Egyptian treatise, The Teachings of Ptahhotep, are compared to current regulatory communication standards, especially the IFJ Declaration of Principles on the Conduct of Journalists, and to liberal and socialist ideologies. Ptahhotep argued in favour of basic equalities, respect, and the free flow of information and opinions, particularly for political speech, much like social democracy and political liberalism do. He also set limits regarding freedom of communication similarly: for hate speech, incitement to violence, defamation, invasion of privacy and concentration of ownership. The close parallels between the principles of communication ethics in ancient Egypt and today are partly explained with a look at similarly restructuring powers of innovative phonographic media (writing) then and prographic (electronic programming) media now, and partly with (indirect) influence. The article also asks whether the concept of ‘Western civilization’ should continue to exclude ancient Egypt.

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Ampleeva, T. Yu. "The Legal Nature of Princely Power in Ancient Russia." Journal of Law and Administration 19, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2023-2-67-46-53.

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Introduction. The effectiveness of the functioning of public power largely depends on how its image is actualized in the public consciousness and the legal culture of society. As part of the study of the emerging public power of medieval Russia, one of the basic and, at the same time, difficult to solve problems should be considered the identification of the nature of the Old Russian public power. The researcher has to take into account not only the fact that the Old Russian society has not become a subject of a single legal process, but also the discreteness of its legal space. Territorial disunity, preservation of traditional normative attitudes in society, their complex combination with legal innovations during the IX-XII centuries actively influenced the process of formation of the Old Russian legal culture. Materials and methods. In addition to documentary monuments, the works of ancient Russian literature of various genres - from epics to hagiographic works of the IX-XII centuries - have been studied. In this study, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used. At the same time, the comprehension of the concept of princely power as state power in the Old Russian cultural tradition presupposes a qualitative analysis of its formation. To determine the nature of princely power in the process of formation of ancient Russian statehood, the method of reconstruction of conventional models of ancient Russian legal culture was used, as well as a genetic method that allows us to consider the process of formation of public power in Ancient Russia in dynamics. The results of the study. The conducted research gives every reason to believe that the conceptualization of princely power in the consciousness of ancient Russian society begins from the moment of its formation. The analysis of chronicle texts has shown that the phenomenon of power is reflected initially in everyday consciousness, gradually moving from reflecting reality to constructing the imageconcept of power. The process of statehood formation is reflected in the etiological myths about the origin of the founder of the state or the dynasty of rulers. This process was most fully reflected in the text of the "Legend of the Vocation of the Varangians", preserved in various editions of the Tale of Bygone Years, the author of which justified in detail the contractual basis of the princely power of the first Rurikovich. Discussion and conclusion. The use of semantic resources of the ordinary Old Russian language, most vividly reflected in the epic epic, allows us to reveal the reflection of the existence of power at the level of everyday consciousness. The historicism of epics is clearly manifested in the selection of sung events, in the popular assessment of these events and actors. For the chronicler of the XII century, it was important to emphasize that the transfer of supreme power takes place according to a contract ("in a row"), which establishes the duty of the invited ruler to ensure order and stability in society and limits his powers.

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Hamilakis, Yannis, and Eleana Yalouri. "Antiquities as symbolic capital in modern Greek society." Antiquity 70, no. 267 (March 1996): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00082934.

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The Great Powers — starting with ancient Imperial Rome and running up to the present — have valued Classical Greek culture as embodying the founding spirit of their own, our own western world. So where does the modern state of Greece stand? It is, more than most nations, encouraged or required to share what might be its particular heritage with a wider world.

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Martynjuk, Yevhenii. "THE HISTORICAL AND LEGAL STUDY OF SEARCHING OF THE PROTOTYPES OF THE PROSECUTOR’S INSTITUTE IN THE JUSTICE OF ANCIENT EGYPT." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 9 (2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2020-1-9-18-23.

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The institutional organizations of the system of pre-trial investigation and judicial, and procedures for investigation and legal proceedings in the Ancient Egypt during the existence of the independent state is analyzed in the article. Based on the peculiarities of the organization of the justice’s mechanism, there are two main stages. The first stage covers time from the Early Dynastic Period (n. 3050 BC) till the Late Period (332 BC). Separately the justice of the Ptolemaic period (332–30 BC) has been analyzed which differs from privies periods essentially across combining conventional ancient egyptional features with Hellenic traditions. Within the framework of this analysis, an attempt was made to determinate the list of bodies and officials who in the Ancient Egypt’s justice were the prototypes of the future creation of the prosecutor’s institute. This separation of Ancient Egyptian officials is based on the comparison their institutional and functional matter with the modern prosecutor’s positions and powers, such as: overseeing the bodies of pre-trial investigation in the form of procedural guidance and supporting of public accusation at the trial, representation of the state’s interests at civil, commercial and administrative courts, as well.

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Gardner, Chelsea A. M., and Rebecca M. Seifried. "Euboean towers and Aegean powers: insights into the Karystia’s role in the ancient world." Journal of Greek Archaeology 1 (January 1, 2016): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v1i.647.

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The Karystia, a region of southern Euboea directly across from the Attic mainland, features two peninsulas that are dry and agriculturally poor compared to the fertile plains found elsewhere in the region and on the island (Figure 1). Despite the aridity of this area, however, an unusual pattern of human activity was revealed during archaeological investigation and extensive survey carried out in the 1980s and the 1990s. The Paximadi peninsula was first explored by Donald Keller during his dissertation research between 1979–1981, and between 1986–1993 the Southern Euboea Exploration Project (SEEP) continued work on both the Paximadi and the Bouros-Kastri peninsulas. These surveys recorded a dispersed settlement pattern of single farmsteads, along with an exceptionally high number of tower structures on the two peninsulas that flank ancient Karystos—a site now identified with the modern town of Paliochora (Figure 2). The majority of the towers date to the Classical period, though others range from the Archaic through Ottoman periods. At present, only the towers of Paximadi have been published, so their connections with those of Bouros-Kastri and with the broader Aegean have yet to be fully elucidated. This paper reviews different explanations for the unusually high density of Classical-period towers in this region, contextualizes the towers within the period of classical antiquity to which they are most likely to belong (the 5th century BC), and presents a new interpretation of nearly three-decade-old data that underscores the importance of the Karystia in the ancient Aegean.

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Weisfeld, Glenn E., and Peter LaFreniere. "Emotions, not just decision-making processes, are critical to an evolutionary model of human behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000866.

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An evolutionary model of human behavior should privilege emotions: essential, phylogenetically ancient behaviors that learning and decision making only subserve. Infants and non-mammals lack advanced cognitive powers but still survive. Decision making is only a means to emotional ends, which organize and prioritize behavior. The emotion of pride/shame, or dominance striving, bridges the social and biological sciences via internalization of cultural norms.

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Jiang, Yang. "‘Great Power Style’ in China’s Economic Diplomacy: Filling the Shoes of a Benign Hegemon?" Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x564104.

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AbstractChina’s ascendance attracts concern, even though Beijing claims to be a responsible great power and tries to demonstrate its ‘great power style’ in economic diplomacy. This article therefore discusses the following questions: to what extent does the current notion and practice of Chinese ‘great power style’ in economic diplomacy comply with, or differ from, the criteria of benign hegemony; and what are the major constraining factors? Conceptually, China’s ‘great power style’ is rooted in ancient Chinese political philosophy and institution, but it highly resembles the Western notion of benign hegemony. Empirically, China has started to provide more public goods in trade, finance and aid, and it seeks voting powers at international institutions. However, it is still far from being a benign hegemon because of its level of development, domestic political constraints, and tension between political and economic interests.

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Fitriani, Fitriani, and Anggita Nabila. "Historitas Agama Mesir Kuno Dalam Perspektif A-Qur’an." Jurnal Dirosah Islamiyah 5, no. 3 (April 14, 2023): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/jdi.v5i3.3295.

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Ancient Egyptian civilization is very often talked about. This is not surprising given the great legacy of the ancient Egyptian leaders. What is taken for discussion is the belief system of the ancient Egyptian people. There are so many things related to Egypt in terms of their civilization which can be said to be very large and extraordinary at that time. The relics that are considered the most historic are the Pyramids which were built using very heavy stone. Then, another thing that was discussed was about the belief of the Egyptian people in the existence of many gods and recognizing and respecting the sanctity of certain animals. In this paper, using a qualitative approach to the method of literature study, through exploration of various data such as books, journals and others. The result of this study is to find that ancient Egyptian folk beliefs were more focused on the number of gods and considered that Pharaoh was the representative of the gods and as a means of intermediary between the people and the gods. Pharaohs who are believed to have sacred powers to intercede for their people with the goddess in the field of knowledge, the ancient Egyptians focused on mathematics and astronomy, they also used the calendar to calculate planting time, the language used comes from the ancient Greek language contained in the covenant called stone. the ancient rosetta hunting system, still uses the hunting system, still uses weapons such as spears and arrows and farms on the banks of the nile because apart from that the area is dry because of the desert, social life is divided into 3 castes, namely upper caste, middle caste and lower caste. Keywords: Ancient Egypt, civilization, religion, history.

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Lane, Melissa. "The Idea of Accountable Office in Ancient Greece and Beyond." Philosophy 95, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819119000445.

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AbstractWhile leaders in many times and places from ancient Greece to today have been called to account, it has been claimed that leaders in ancient Athens were called to account more than any other group in history. This paper surveys the distinctive ways in which Athenian accountability procedures gave the democratic people as a whole a meaningful voice in defining, revealing, and judging the misuse of office, and in holding every single official regularly and personally accountable for their use of their powers. By then assessing a drastic case of unaccountability in a certain moment of Athenian history – the rule of the Thirty in 404–403 BCE – and how accountability was ultimately imposed on them, the paper concludes with thoughts about what might deepen and restore trust in the accountability of public officials today.

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Armstrong, Daniel. "Mortgagee Remedies of Entry into Possession of Receivership: Ancient Equity Meets Modern Statute." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 31, no. 3 (October 2, 2000): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v31i3.5947.

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This article comprehensively catalogues and critiques the differences between the mortgagee remedies of entry into possession and receivership. In particular, the article looks at differences in how rights, duties, powers and liabilities of a mortgagor in possession as opposed to a receiver affect the choice of remedy. The author concludes that recent changes to the law in New Zealand have undermined the traditional advantages of receivership, and that equity is currently re-emphasising the rights of mortgagors.

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Kazarov, Sarkis. "The rustle of leaves, the cooing of pigeons, the ringing of cauldrons, the murmuring of a spring: the harmony of sounds in the mantics of the Dodonian oracle." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 16, no. 2 (2022): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-2-665-673.

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The ancient Greeks believed in various predictions. One of the most ancient oracles of Ancient Greece was the Dodonian oracle, located in Northern Greece in a remote and mountainous region called Epirus. The main symbol of Dodona was the sacred oak, with the help of which the god Zeus announced his will. The Dodona oracle can be called the oracle of sounds: the rustle of the leaves of the sacred oak, the cooing of doves nesting on its branches, the sacred cauldrons, which, in contact with each other, emitted a melodic sound, the murmur of a spring with water that possessed miraculous powers. The blows into the cauldron also symbolized protection from some kind of harmful effect. It is still not known exactly which of them were utilized for mantics, but they all created and emitted sounds that created an appropriate emotional environment and thus influenced the feelings of visitors. But it can be assumed that at different stages in the history of the Dodona oracle, various sound means were used.

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Holterhus, Till Patrik. "The History of the Rule of Law." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 21, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 430–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13894633_021001015.

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The article discusses the historical development of the rule of law’s basic principles. While indications of societies governed by law can be traced back to early civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia, what today is understood as the rule of law, is, however, a remarkable and continuous historical ascendency of a theoretical concept forged in the century-lasting struggle of subjecting governmental powers to law. Applying a broad perspective, the article first assesses the rule of law’s early antecedents in ancient Sumer, Babylonia, Rome, and Athens. It then examines the rule of law’s theoretic foundations in the Middle Ages and the concept’s advancements through the Enlightenment-fostered intellectual and religious revolutions. Finally, against this background, it takes a particular look at the rule of law’s consolidation, advancement, and proliferation in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Secunda, Shai. "The Fractious Eye: On the Evil Eye of Menstruants in Zoroastrian Tradition." Numen 61, no. 1 (2014): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341302.

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AbstractLike all religions, Zoroastrianism evolved, and its rich textual record provides us with the material to trace some of its developments across the centuries. This article attempts to reconstruct an ancient Iranian myth preserved in Zoroastrian tradition about the dangerous powers of the gaze of menstruating women, and traces its development as it grows out of theAvestaand interacts with Western philosophical traditions in the Middle Persian writings of late antiquity and the early middle ages.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient powers'

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