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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient Near Eastern art'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Marchetti, Nicolo, and Dominique Collon. "Ancient Near Eastern Art." American Journal of Archaeology 101, no. 1 (January 1997): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506260.

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2

Aruz, Joan. "Ancient near Eastern Art." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 49, no. 2 (1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3258925.

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3

Harper, Prudence O. "Ancient near Eastern Art." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 48, no. 2 (1990): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3258945.

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4

Pittman, Holly. "Ancient Near Eastern Art." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 47, no. 2 (1989): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3259890.

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5

Aruz, Joan, and Elisabetta Valtz Fino. "Ancient near Eastern Art." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 59, no. 1 (2001): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3269163.

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6

Muscarella, Oscar White. "Ancient Near Eastern Art." Recent Acquisitions, no. 1985/1986 (1985): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513679.

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7

Pittman, Holly. "Ancient Near Eastern Art." Recent Acquisitions, no. 1986/1987 (1986): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513699.

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8

Pittman, Holly, and Oscar White Muscarella. "Ancient Near Eastern Art." Recent Acquisitions, no. 1987/1988 (1987): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513718.

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9

Azarpay, Guitty, W. G. Lambert, W. Heimpel, and Anne Draffkorn Kilmer. "Proportional Guidelines in Ancient near Eastern Art." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 46, no. 3 (July 1987): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373245.

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10

Harper, Prudence O. "Ancient Near Eastern." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 53, no. 3 (1995): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3258785.

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11

Muscarella, Oscar White. "Ancient near Eastern." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 49, no. 4 (1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3258919.

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12

Feldman, Marian H. "Rethinking the Canon of Ancient Near Eastern Art in the Internet Age." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 3, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2016-0002.

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AbstractThe formation and perpetuation of intellectual canons – as consensually agreed upon corpora considered most significant and representative of a time, place or person – rely heavily on closed systems of knowledge. The bound-paper book exemplifies such a closed system and has been a primary form of constructing and disseminating canons of ancient works. The Internet, however, challenges the very structuring principles of knowledge production inherent in books, offering potentially boundless networks of unorchestrated knowledge bits. As scholars, teachers, and students turn more to the Internet for publication, research, and learning, sharply defined canons face disruption. This article analyzes some of the structuring principles of knowledge production and dissemination in the specific case of ancient Near Eastern art, first considering traditional book-based textbooks. These textbooks follow a model of linear temporal development that unfolds from the first to the last page. It then explores the academic trend toward edited, multi-authored compendia as a concurrent development with the open-ended, networked structure of the Internet. Both vehicles of knowledge production offer more diverse sets of works and multivocality; the Internet in particular permits a radical break from authored and edited narratives. Last, the article considers some of the possibilities, as well as limitations, inherent in the Internet, presenting several existing Internet-based platforms with a specific focus on pedogogy, in order to consider the implications and consequences for knowledge production and dissemination in the Digital Age.
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13

Lambert, W. G. "Trees, snakes and gods in ancient Syria and Anatolia." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, no. 3 (October 1985): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00038428.

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For too long study of ancient Near Eastern representational art and study of possibly related texts have been entirely separate disciplines, the one a branch of archaeology, the other of philology. This accounts for the very scanty results obtained and their frequently questionable character. In the case of Classical Greece and Rome art historians ordinarily command Greek and Latin so as to use written sources at first hand, but Near Eastern archaeologists have commonly been illiterate in their fields of study, while philologists often have limited knowledge of art and use that very amateurishly. Thus it is an occasion for rejoicing that a serious attempt has just been made on some very difficult material from Syria and Anatolia, and that one major break-through has resulted which opens up prospects of fuller understanding of certain aspects of ancient art. The author, E. Williams-Forte, is primarily an art historian with a speciality in ancient Near Eastern seals, and she has taken an interest in Ugaritic to be able to exploit that material. Her Columbia Ph.D. thesis: Mythic cycles: the iconography of the gods of water and weather in Syria and Anatolia during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1600 B.C.) has not been published, but a lengthy article derived from parts of it has recently appeared. This starts from the tree and snake in the garden of Eden and investigates their possible Canaanite background. The original observation of major importance is that the storm god of Syria and Anatolia of the first half of the second millennium B.C., Anatolian Tarhunna, Syrian Hadad or Baal, Mesopotamian Adad, occasionally holds up a plant, branch or tree as a symbol.
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14

Winter, Irene J., and Oscar White Muscarella. "Bronze and Iron: Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art." Journal of the American Oriental Society 113, no. 3 (July 1993): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605413.

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15

Herrmann, Georgina, and Oscar White Muscarella. "Bronze and Iron: Ancient near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art." Journal of Field Archaeology 17, no. 4 (1990): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530013.

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16

Abrahami, Philippe, Israel Ephʾal, and Israel Ephal. "Siege and Its Ancient Near Eastern Manifestations." Journal of the American Oriental Society 119, no. 1 (January 1999): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605547.

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17

Amiet, Pierre, and Beatrice Teissier. "Ancient near Eastern Cylinder Seals from the Marcopoli Collection." Journal of the American Oriental Society 106, no. 4 (October 1986): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603562.

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18

Meltzer, Tova, and K. Lawson Younger. "Ancient Conquest Accounts: A Study in Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical History Writing." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 2 (April 1996): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605725.

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19

Hoffner,, Harry A. "A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology. Gwendolyn Leick." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, no. 3 (July 1996): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373851.

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20

Moorey, P. R. S. "Bronze and Iron: Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. O. W. Muscarella." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51, no. 1 (January 1992): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373527.

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21

BUNNENS, Guy. "Ancient Near Eastern History as a Subject of Scholarly Investigation." Ancient Near Eastern Studies 43 (December 1, 2006): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/anes.43.0.2018772.

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22

van der Toorn, K., and William W. Hallo. "Origins: The Ancient near Eastern Background of Some Modern Institutions." Journal of the American Oriental Society 118, no. 3 (July 1998): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606089.

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23

Kauffmann, C. M. "Otto Kurz (1908-1975)." Art Libraries Journal 38, no. 4 (2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200018769.

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Otto Kurz was justly renowned on three accounts, as a scholar, a librarian and a human being. His publications and lectures ranged from ancient and medieval Near Eastern art and culture to Italian baroque painting; he built up the internationally renowned library of the Warburg Institute after the war and, as a human being, he was a role model to those who knew him, devotedly dedicated to his family in difficult circumstances and generously helpful to all.
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24

Knoppers, Gary N. "Ancient Near Eastern Royal Grants and the Davidic Covenant: A Parallel?" Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 4 (October 1996): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605439.

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25

Albenda, Pauline, and Oscar White Muscarella. "The Lie Became Great: The Forgery of Ancient Near Eastern Cultures." Journal of the American Oriental Society 122, no. 1 (January 2002): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3087664.

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26

Machinist, Peter. "The Voice of the Historian in the Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean World." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 57, no. 2 (April 2003): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096430005700202.

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Writing history is never a neutral endeavor; it is a personal act in which the historian uses evidence to reconstruct, sometimes to recreate, the past. How, then, did the ancient historians make their presence felt in writing? What do their differences tell us about how they wrote history and understood the world around them?
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27

Thomason, Allison Karmel. "Ancient Near Eastern Art in Context: Studies in Honor of Irene J. Winter. Jack Cheng and Marian H. Feldman." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 354 (May 2009): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/basor25609328.

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28

Jeffers, Ann. "Goddesses and Trees, New Moon and Yahweh: Ancient Near Eastern Art and the Hebrew Bible (JSOTS). By Othmar Keel." Heythrop Journal 48, no. 5 (September 2007): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2007.00344.x.

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29

Westbrook, Raymond. "The Phrase "His Heart Is Satisfied" in Ancient Near Eastern Legal Sources." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no. 2 (April 1991): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604015.

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30

B., G., and Martii Nissinen. "Prophecy in Its Ancient Near Eastern Context: Mesopotamian, Biblical, and Arabian Perspectives." Journal of the American Oriental Society 122, no. 1 (January 2002): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3087719.

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31

Kitts, Margo. "Mimetic Theory, Sacrifice, and The Iliad?" Bulletin for the Study of Religion 45, no. 3-4 (October 27, 2016): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v45i3-4.31345.

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This essay strives to apply Girard’s mimetic theory to Homeric sacrifice scenes, poetic characterizations, and the plot of the Iliad. The theory is found to be wanting at the level of sacrifice scenes, and barely salient at the levels of poetic characterization and plot. On the whole, Girard’s theory of sacrifice is anachronistic for the Iliad, and the Iliad’s poetic characterizations, particularly of Achilles, defy the lack of interiority presumed by Girard’s mimetic theory. However, Girard’s discussion of our fascination with violence does resonate with the Homeric Weltanschauung, as well as with persistent themes in ancient Near Eastern literature and art.
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32

Gorelick, Leonard, and A. John Gwinnett. "The Ancient near Eastern Cylinder Seal as Social Emblem and Status Symbol." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 49, no. 1 (January 1990): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373418.

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33

Mayr, Rudi, and Joost Kist. "Ancient Near Eastern Seals from the Kist Collection: Three Millennia of Miniature Reliefs." Journal of the American Oriental Society 124, no. 2 (April 2004): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4132228.

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34

Burns, John Barclay, and Othmar Keel. "Goddesses and Trees, New Moon and Yahweh: Ancient near Easter Art and the Hebrew Bible." Journal of Biblical Literature 119, no. 2 (2000): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3268492.

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35

Bonfiglio, Ryan P. "Visualizing Literacy: Images, Media, and Method." Biblical Interpretation 25, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00253p02.

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While biblical scholars have long been interested in questions about textual literacy in the ancient world, relatively little attention has been given to the concept of visual literacy – that is, the extent to which images were produced and read as a type of language. The following article introduces this concept as it has been developed in recent work in visual culture studies and then offers a series of probes that attempt to assess the prominence of visual literacy in the ancient Near Eastern world. Though it is not possible to arrive at a precise rate of visual literacy, there is ample evidence to suggest that those who produced/commissioned art were highly concerned about questions regarding the readability of their materials and often privileged artistic motifs over epigraphic content in the design and implementation of certain mixed-media artifacts. These lines of evidence suggest that images functioned as a prominent vehicle of communication in the ancient world alongside, and sometimes in place of, text-based media. Research on visual literacy not only sheds new light on the ancient media contexts of the biblical world but also offers a more explicit rationale for how and why ancient images should be used in biblical interpretation today.
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36

Michalowski, Piotr, and Tzvi Abusch. "Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen." Journal of the American Oriental Society 123, no. 1 (January 2003): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3217897.

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37

Beckman, Gary, Patrick H. Alexander, John F. Kutsko, James D. Ernest, Shirley A. Decker-Lucke, and David L. Petersen. "The SBL Handbook of Style for Ancient near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies." Journal of the American Oriental Society 121, no. 3 (July 2001): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606704.

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38

Falsone, Gioacchino. "A Syro-Phoenician Bull-Bowl in Geneva and its Analogue in the British Museum." Anatolian Studies 35 (December 1985): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642879.

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The following discussion begins with a study of a bronze bowl belonging to Monsieur George Ortiz, whose collection of ancient bronzes in Vandoeuvres/Geneva includes a large number of outstanding pieces of Near Eastern art. The bowl was recently acquired in the antiquities market and is said to come from modern Turkey. It is one of the finest and best preserved examples of a particular class of oriental metalwork in repoussé, the so-called Syro-Phoenician “bull-bowls”, which were most probably produced in the Levant in the early first millennium B.C. The main decoration of this class consists of concentric friezes of bovine animals in procession or similar sequence arranged around a central floral motif. The present paper will also examine a second, as yet unpublished, bowl kept in the British Museum.
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39

Holly, Donald H. "Talking to the Guy on the Airplane." American Antiquity 80, no. 3 (July 2015): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600003577.

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There's a popular meme that my archaeology friends have been circulating on social media lately: a picture of Giorgio Tsoukalos, a producer of the popular History Channel show Ancient Aliens, overlaid with the caption “I'm not saying it was aliens, but it was aliens.” The caption is a play on Tsoukalos's and others’ claims that the archaeological and historical record contains ample evidence for alien visits to earth in antiquity. To wit, past episodes of the show have suggested that Kachinas, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and indigenous rock art depict aliens; that much of the monumental art and architecture of ancient Mesoamerica, South America, Near East, Easter Island (of course), Malta, and elsewhere represents the genius of extraterrestrial visitors; that Mayan kings were not really people but alien overlords; that extraterrestrials were responsible for the demise of many civilizations—if not the dinosaurs, too—and so on.
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40

Pardee, Dennis. "No Graven Image? Israelite Aniconism in Its Ancient Near Eastern Context. Tryggve N. D. Mettinger." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 58, no. 1 (January 1999): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468681.

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41

Kaiser, Barbara. "Ancient Israelite Literature and Its Cultural Context: A Survey of Parallels between Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Texts. John H. Walton." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 53, no. 1 (January 1994): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373669.

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42

Nieminski, Nora, and Cari Johnson. "A guide to the bedrock geology of Range Creek Canyon, Book Cliffs, Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 1 (January 1, 2014): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v1.pp6-31.

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Range Creek Canyon, located within the Book Cliffs of eastern Utah, contains some of the most abundant and well-preserved archaeological sites in North America. Its cliffs and landscapes provide a canvas for rock art panels and a foundation for granaries, ruins, and artifacts of the prehistoric Fremont Indians. In order to place these Range Creek sites within a geologic context, an illustrated geologic field guide was created for the general public. The guide focuses on the major bedrock formations that crop out in the canyon, as well as many indicators that facilitate geologic interpretation of these rocks. Outcrops of the Paleogene Flagstaff and Colton Formations (~58 to 48 million years old) in Range Creek Canyon were investigated in order to interpret their depositional environments. The lacustrine Flagstaff Limestone contains limestone beds and fossils of freshwater gastropods, oysters, and turtles indicative of lake environments. The unit coarsens upward with an increase of interbedded sandstone, which was deposited in and near ancient river channels. This trend suggests dynamic levels of the ancient lake, with overall encroachment of river systems near the contact with the Colton Formation. The fluvial Colton Formation is characterized by discontinuous, stacked beds of sandstone, representing a succession of migrating river channels and floodplain deposits. The Colton Formation exhibits a general upward trend of increased grain size and increased channel belt (continuous sandstone beds) frequency and lateral extent, implying a transition to higher energy river systems through time. These dynamic, ancient rivers may have been flowing generally northward into Eocene Lake Uinta, recorded in deposits of the Green River Formation north of Range Creek Canyon.
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43

Nieminski, Nora M., and Cari L. Johnson. "A guide to the bedrock geology of Range Creek Canyon, Book Cliffs, Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 1 (May 23, 2014): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v1i0.2.

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Range Creek Canyon, located within the Book Cliffs of eastern Utah, contains some of the most abundant and well-preserved archaeological sites in North America. Its cliffs and landscapes provide a canvas for rock art panels and a foundation for granaries, ruins, and artifacts of the prehistoric Fremont Indians. In order to place these Range Creek sites within a geologic context, an illustrated geologic field guide was created for the general public. The guide focuses on the major bedrock formations that crop out in the canyon, as well as many indicators that facilitate geologic interpretation of these rocks. Outcrops of the Paleogene Flagstaff and Colton Formations (~58 to 48 million years old) in Range Creek Canyon were investigated in order to interpret their depositional environments. The lacustrine Flagstaff Limestone contains limestone beds and fossils of freshwater gastropods, oysters, and turtles indicative of lake environments. The unit coarsens upward with an increase of interbedded sandstone, which was deposited in and near ancient river channels. This trend suggests dynamic levels of the ancient lake, with overall encroachment of river systems near the contact with the Colton Formation. The fluvial Colton Formation is characterized by discontinuous, stacked beds of sandstone, representing a succession of migrating river channels and floodplain deposits. The Colton Formation exhibits a general upward trend of increased grain size and increased channel belt (continuous sandstone beds) frequency and lateral extent, implying a transition to higher energy river systems through time. These dynamic, ancient rivers may have been flowing generally northward into Eocene Lake Uinta, recorded in deposits of the Green River Formation north of Range Creek Canyon.
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44

Barré, Michael L. ""Wandering about" as a Topos of Depression in Ancient Near Eastern Literature and in the Bible." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60, no. 3 (July 2001): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468915.

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45

Lange, Dierk. "An Assyrian Successor State in West Africa. The Ancestral Kings of Kebbi as Ancient Near Eastern Rulers." Anthropos 104, no. 2 (2009): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2009-2-359.

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46

Hooke, Roger LeB. "Lake Manly(?) Shorelines in the Eastern Mojave Desert, California." Quaternary Research 52, no. 3 (November 1999): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2080.

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Near Mesquite Spring on the southern edge of the Soda Lake basin in the Mojave Desert, there is a shoreline of an ancient lake at an elevation of 340 m above sea level. At present, Soda Lake would overflow at 280 m; a lake surface at 340 m would extend ∼240 km northward, to the northern end of Death Valley. Shorelines and lacustrine deposits near the Salt Spring and Saddle Peak Hills, 75 km north of Mesquite Spring, are at ∼180 m; a lake surface at this elevation today would also extend to the northern end of Death Valley. The most prominent shoreline of the pluvial lake that occupied Death Valley during the Pleistocene, Lake Manly, is that of the Blackwelder stand which ended ∼120,000 yr ago. This shoreline is ∼90 m above sea level. The Mesquite Spring and Salt Spring Hills shorelines were probably formed by the Blackwelder stand and subsequently displaced with respect to one another, tectonically, due to transpression in the northeastern Mojave Desert and NW–SE extension across Death Valley. This tectonic regime would result in subsidence of Death Valley and the Salt Spring Hills relative to Mesquite Spring. A reconstruction suggests that the topography at the time of the Blackwelder stand would have had a sill near the level of the highest lake, and also one ∼20 m lower, corresponding to the next most prominent shoreline in Death Valley. Expansion of the lake over these sills would have increased evaporation, thus possibly stabilizing the lake level.
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47

Vertiienko, H. V. "«ORIENTAL APHRODITE» ON THE OBJECTS FROM TERRITORY OF SCYTHIA (on the origins of iconography)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 33, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.25.

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The article analyzes the origins of the iconography of a woman’s face with a hairstyle that has characteristic curls, which have been deployed in different directions, on the objects of Scythian material culture. This feature of iconography is fixed twice. The first case are four silver and gilded pendants from the barrow 34 near the village Sofiyivka, Kherson region (Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine — a branch of the National Museum of History of Ukraine, inv. no. 2755/1—4). The second case, is the image on the working part of a bronze stamp from the Kamyanskoe settlement (Archaeology Museum of the Karazin National University of Kharkiv, inv. no. VN 2089). As for the female hairstyle on these images, it is not typical for classical Hellenic art, but finds parallels in the art of the Eastern Mediterranean and Ancient East. This style is similar to the so-called «Hathoric wig» in the art of ancient Egypt (on stelae, sculptures, amulets, painting on coffins, mirrors, musical instruments, etc.), which influenced the iconography of the hairstyles of female deities («Oriental Aphrodite») of the Mediterranean. The image of the goddess in the «Hathoric wig» could permeate to the Northern Pontic Sea Region through the Hellenic craftsmen, as a replica of the image of «Oriental Aphrodite» cult of whom may have existed in the region. At the same time, these images could be a «copy» (imitation) made by the Scythian craftsmen directly from the Egyptian original, most likely from some faience amulet, which usually has similar size and sometimes reproduces the head of Hathor. According to Herodotus, in the Scythian pantheon, the figure of Celestial Aphrodite (Aphrodite Urania) was corresponded by Argimpasa (Herod. IV, 59). Consequently, in such an iconographic form these images could depict this goddess. The image of the «Hathoric wig» on these objects can be considered the most northern examples of this iconographic element.
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48

Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Greek History." Greece and Rome 66, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738351900010x.

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Ancient Greek history can have no serious future in which the study of slavery does not play a prominent role. But in order to fulfil this role, the study of slavery is in urgent need of new approaches and perspectives. David Lewis’ new book is a splendid contribution in this direction. Lewis stresses the fact that slavery is primarily a relationship of property, and develops a cross-cultural framework for approaching slavery in this manner. Using this framework, he shows that Greek slavery cannot be equated with slavery in classical Athens, but consisted of various epichoric systems of slavery. Spartan helots and Cretanwoikeiswere not serfs or dependent peasants, but slave property with peculiar characteristics, as a result of the peculiar development of these communities. These findings have major implications for the study of Greek slavery. At the same time, he presents a comparative examination of Greek slave systems with slave systems in the ancient Near East (Israel, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, and Carthage). While previous scholarship assumed that slavery in the Near East was marginal, Lewis shows that slaves constituted a major part of elite portfolios in many of these societies. This has revolutionary implications for the comparative study of Mediterranean and Near Eastern history in antiquity. Finally, he presents a model for explaining the role and significance of slavery in different ancient societies, which includes the factors that determine the choice of labour force, as well as the impact of political and economic geography. It is remarkable that an approach to slavery based on a cross-cultural and ahistorical definition of property does not lead to a homogenizing and static account, but on the contrary opens the way for a perspective that highlights geographical diversity and chronological change.
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49

Seymour, Michael. "Neighbors through Imperial Eyes: Depicting Babylonia in the Assyrian Campaign Reliefs." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 4, no. 1-2 (June 26, 2018): 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2017-0022.

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AbstractThe Neo-Assyrian campaign reliefs are rich sources for understanding Assyrian ideas of empire, geography, and Assyria’s relationship to the wider world. They are also exceptions: the format of the later Assyrian campaign reliefs is in several respects so unusual in ancient Near Eastern art as to demand explanation. Not the least of the campaign reliefs’ unusual qualities is the extensive and often detailed depiction of foreign landscapes and people. This paper examines one instance of this phenomenon: the particular case of depictions of Babylonia and the far south in Assyrian campaign reliefs. Studies of the textual sources have done much to draw out the complex cultural and political relationship between Assyria and Babylonia in the eighth, seventh, and sixth centuries B.C., revealing tensions between an identification with the cities of the south and their venerable temples on the one hand, and the undeniable political and strategic problems posed by Babylonian rebellions against Assyrian rule on the other. It is argued that the campaign reliefs attempt to resolve this tension by presenting conquest and pacification as accomplished facts, and Babylonia’s abundance as an Assyrian imperial possession. It is also suggested that one function of the reliefs was to process historical victories into a larger, ahistorical image of Assyrian imperial success.
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Pardee, Dennis. "The Dream Theophany of Samuel: Its Structure in Relation to Ancient near Eastern Dreams and Its Theological Significance. Robert Karl Gnuse." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 48, no. 2 (April 1989): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373381.

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