Journal articles on the topic 'Anchors'
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1
Llauradó, Paula Villanueva, Rafael Cascón Porres, Alberto Sanchidrián Blázquez, Francisco Santos Olalla, and Fernando Gómez Álvarez. "Flexural Tests for Efficiency Evaluation of Spike Anchors on CFRP-Strengthened Concrete." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010164.
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Spike anchors are one of the most promising techniques to prevent or delay debonding in FRP reinforcement sheets. There are several parameters affecting the anchors’ capacity, such as the embedment length and dowel angle. Regardless of the anchors’ capacity, their contribution to the overall strength of the anchored joint is affected by a larger number of variables, including the bonded length behind the anchors, the number and arrangement of the anchors, and the contact surface between the anchor fan and the FRP sheet. This paper presents experimental results of 10 tests conducted on concrete beams. In the tests, anchored joints reached peak loads up to 155% of those of unanchored, bonded joints. The main finding of the research is that the bond length in front of and behind the anchors affects both the peak load and the overall behaviour, with unbonded anchored joints exhibiting a poor behaviour and premature slippage of the anchor, without achieving its failure due to fibre rupture.
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Liao, Hung-Jiun. "Ground anchors corrosion - the beginning of the end." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503001.
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Ground anchor corrosion is a common problem for anchored slopes in Taiwan. It is partly due to the humid climate condition and abundant groundwater in the slope and partly due to poor corrosion protection of anchor design and construction. In 2010, an anchored slope at Taiwan National Freeway No. 3 failed suddenly after 13 years of service. It buried 3 cars and killed 4 people. It caught the public’s attention and initiated the island-wide program on over hauling the anchors slopes in Taiwan. Since this event, the Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC) of Taiwan government had launched an extensive inspection and maintenance program for the existing anchored slopes along the freeways, highways, and railways. Totally, more than 100,000 ground anchors had been inspected. This paper will evaluate the findings from this inspection program. It includes (1) the status quo of the anchors regarding the corrosion condition and the residual load that remained on the existing anchors; (2) remedial measures taken to sustain the serviceability of existing corroding anchors; (3) measures taken to enhance the long-term durability of new anchors without changing the strand material and the practice of anchor construction commonly used by the local contractors.
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El Sharnouby, M. M., and M. H. El Naggar. "Numerical investigation of the response of expansion anchors used to attach helical pile connectors to concrete foundations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 6 (June 2010): 866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-025.
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This paper evaluates the performance of expansion anchors used to attach helical pile connectors to foundations. The anchors’ response to pullout loads was evaluated using nonlinear finite element analysis with the aid of the commercial software, Abaqus. The connector capacity under horizontal movement of the foundation for different anchor diameters, embedment depths, and anchors’ spacing is reported. It was found that the pre-tension load had no influence on the anchor ultimate capacity, but affected the anchor response at service load levels and the displacement at failure. Under pullout loading, increasing the anchor diameter resulted in a more brittle response, but did not affect the ultimate capacity when the concrete tensile strength dominated the response. No interaction between anchors was observed for spacing ≥ 1.67 times the anchor’s embedment depth. A modification to the helical pile connector configuration is proposed.
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Zhang, Huawen, and Scott T. Smith. "Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-to-concrete joints anchored with FRP anchors: tests and experimental trends." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 11 (November 2013): 1103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0525.
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This paper reports an investigation on the influence of anchors made from fibre-reinforced polymer (herein FRP anchors) when applied to FRP-to-concrete bonds. The experimental section of the paper consists of 44 tests on FRP-to-concrete joints of which 20 joints are unanchored controls and 24 joints are anchored with FRP anchors. The influence of plate width, plate thickness and plate elastic modulus are considered as these parameters have received little to no attention to date. An increase in plate width is shown to considerably enhance the joint strength although the influence of the anchor decreases. The other two test parameters are shown to be less influential. The analytical section of the paper involves regression modelling of components of a large test database on FRP-to-concrete joints anchored with FRP anchors compiled elsewhere by the authors. The models, which are calibrated in best-fit and design forms, allow experimental trends to be readily observed and quantified within the bounds of the experimental data for three influential parameters of plate length, angle of anchor insertion, and plate width. Finally, a combined regression model is proposed and it is evaluated with tests on FRP-to-concrete joints anchored with multiple anchors.
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Mei, Kui Hua, Zhi Tao Lv, and Ji Wen Zhang. "The Static Test Study on Anchors of CFRP Cables." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1635.
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The axial performance of CFRP is excellent, while the lateral compression strength and shear strength are low, thus they can’t be anchored by traditional anchors. A new type of adhesive anchor was designed and five experimental cables were fabricated and the static tests were carried out. In the tests, the tensile capacity, bond strength and pullout behavior of CFRP cables anchors filled with resin were discussed. The efficiency coefficients and the load-slip behaviors of the bond-type anchors and the uniformities of the stresses in the tendons were studied. Several conclusions are drawn which have become powerful evidences for using the bond-type anchors in the first cable stayed bridge with CFRP cables in China.
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Liu, Ying Li, Tie Zhu Jiang, Jun Hong Huan, and Fu Quan Xu. "Experimental Study on Tension Performance of Anchor Group." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.666.
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The torque-controlled expansion anchors, undercut anchors,bonded anchors and special inverted conical chemical anchors subjected to tension load, which including single anchor, two anchors, four anchors and eight anchors are tested. Failure mode and tension performance of anchor group are investigated, and test value and calculative value of ultimate load are compared. Experimental results show that some anchor group occur the concrete cone failure under tension load, and others occur steel failure under tension load. Test value and calculative value of ultimate load are compared, and the result meets well.
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Chen, Yung-Chung, and Jiann T. Lin. "Multi-anchored sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 5 (2017): 969–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00141j.
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Deng, Jun, Minting Zhong, Yifeng Zheng, and Miaochang Zhu. "Experimental Study on the Durability of Steel Anchors for Prestressed CFRP Laminates under Accelerated Galvanostatic Corrosion." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 5665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165665.
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The novelty of the present study is to address the durability of corroded anchors for prestressing CFRP laminates. Two types of steel anchors, clamp anchors and wedge anchors, were used to prestress CFRP laminates and then subjected to steel corrosion through a galvanostatic acceleration approach, which was followed by tensile tests. Compared to clamp anchors, wedge anchors showed a superior durability performance in terms of their prestress retention, anchor efficiency, and resistance to the slippage of the CFRP laminate. After accelerated corrosion for 144 h, the clamp anchor exhibited a prestress retention of 79.1% and an anchorage efficiency of 55%, and the percentages became 9.0% and 100% for the wedge anchor. The slippage rates of the clamp anchor and the wedge anchor were 0.036 mm/kN and 0.026 mm/kN, respectively. Therefore, the wedge anchor, which exhibited higher prestress tension and anchorage efficiency, performed better than the clamp anchor. The present work provides an apparatus for exploring the corrosion-induced durability of steel anchors and experimental evidence that helps refine the provision in the guidelines for addressing anchor durability.
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Peccin da Silva, Anderson, Andrea Diambra, Dimitris Karamitros, and Shiao Huey Chow. "A Cyclic Macro-Element Framework for Consolidation-Dependent Three-Dimensional Capacity of Plate Anchors." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020199.
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This paper presents a new macro-element modelling framework for plate anchors which enables the effect of pore water pressure changes and the related evolution of soil strength during the process of cyclic loading and consolidation to be captured. The proposed modelling framework combines an advanced macro-element model for plate anchors, expanded to capture the cyclic loading behaviour, with a simple one-dimensional model of undrained shearing and consolidation for a soil element representative of the whole soil mass around the anchor. The representative soil element tracks the effects of changes in effective stress on the soil strength, which in turn governs the anchor capacity in the macro-element model. The two modelling components are linked through a mobilised capacity compatibility condition. It will be firstly shown that such modelling framework is able to capture the expected changes in an anchor’s capacity related to cyclic pore pressure generation and consolidation under one-dimensional cyclic loading of the anchor. Then, the model will be used to explore the plate anchor’s behaviour and failure mechanisms under loading conditions which mobilise its full three-dimensional cyclic loading capacity. The macro-element model will identify some conflicting mechanisms (i.e., the anchor’s kinematic/rotation and soil weakening/strengthening) governing the three-dimensional capacity of the anchor.
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Liu, Haixiao, Yancheng Yang, and Jinsong Peng. "A Unified Model for Analyzing Comprehensive Behaviors of Deepwater Anchors." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080913.
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Anchors may exhibit various complicated behaviors in the seabed, especially for deepwater anchors including gravity installed anchors (GIAs) and drag embedment plate anchors (drag anchors), stimulating the development of an efficient analytical tool that applies to a variety of anchors. The present paper introduces a unified model for analyzing different anchor behaviors in both clay and sand, consisting of unified concepts, mechanical models, and analytical procedure. The kinematic behaviors of the anchors are classified uniformly as three types, i.e., diving, pulling out, and keying. By utilizing the least-force principle, various anchor properties, such as the ultimate pullout capacity (UPC), failure mode, movement direction, embedment loss, and kinematic trajectory, can all be determined by the combination and analysis of the three behaviors. Applications of the model are demonstrated summarily, by solving the UPC and the failure mode of anchor piles and suction anchors, the kinematic trajectory of drag anchors in a single soil layer or layered soils, the maximum embedment loss (MEL) of suction embedded plate anchors (SEPLAs) and OMNI-Max anchors, and the kinematic behavior of OMNI-Max anchors. Compared to existing theoretical methods, this unified model shows strong applicability and potentiality in solving a variety of behaviors and properties of different anchors under complicated seabed conditions.
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Wang, Xuejiu, and Xin Zhang. "Experimental and Theoretical Research on the Bearing Mechanism of Group Anchors in Sand." Geofluids 2022 (December 28, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6448589.
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To investigate the bearing mechanism and efficiency of group anchors in sand, upward pulling tests of model group anchors were carried out for different conditions of the sand density, anchor burial depth ratio, and anchor spacing. The results show that the load-displacement relationships for group anchors is similar to that for single anchors, both being nonlinear for the same relative density and embedment ratio. The load-carrying capacity of group anchors is not a simple superposition of the capacities of two single anchors, but has a clear superposition effect, depending on the relative density, embedment ratio, and anchor spacing. The load carrying capacity increases with the anchor spacing up to a limiting critical value. The bearing mechanism of group anchors was qualitatively analyzed and quantitatively characterized using the strain field and shear stress field obtained through the digital image correlation. Adopting the test data and theoretical derivation, a critical anchor spacing equation is proposed and the relationship between critical anchor spacing, embedment ratio, and relative density is quantitatively characterized. Theory is proposed for predicting the group efficiency of group anchors with different configurations. Comparisons between the results of the developed model and experimental results reported in the literature show good agreement.
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Benmokrane, Brahim, and Gérard Ballivy. "Five-year monitoring of load losses on prestressed cement-grouted rock anchors." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-081.
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The long-term study of the behaviour of prestressed grouted rock anchors constitutes an important aspect of the stability of the structure retained by these structural members. The loads supplied by the anchors must be sufficient so that at all times the stability of the structure is not compromised. The results of an experimental study of nine anchors grouted to various lengths with a cement grout, on site, in a sound rock mass are described. Tension was applied to the anchors which were then blocked at initial loads of about 80% of failure load. During 5 years, the load variations in each anchor were recorded with load cells. It was observed that the load variations versus time make up two phases: phase I, lasting about 6 months, throughout which the losses of load are rapid; and phase II, which is marked by a slower and uniform rate of load loss. In this experimental research, the instantaneous losses of load that occurred during the stressing and the lock-off operation also have been measured. The study shows that it is unnecessary to increase the anchored length to reduce long-term load losses. Key words: grouted rock anchor, prestressed anchor, cement grout, massive rock, load loss, creep, relaxation, long-term behaviour.
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Chen, Qiu-nan, Meng Yang, and Xiao-cheng Huang. "Experimental Exploration of Bearing Capacity of Clay with Multiple Inflatable Anchors." Geofluids 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8823781.
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Inflatable anchors have been applied to reinforce foundations because soft soil deposits have a low bearing capacity. However, previous research on the mechanical behaviors of inflatable anchors has focused on a single anchor. Since anchors are always used in a group, the uplift behavior of multiple inflatable anchors in soft soil should be investigated. A series of pull-out tests were conducted in this framework by changing the number, spacing, and layout of inflatable anchors. Additionally, the effect coefficient (ECO) of multiple inflatable anchors is discussed. It is found that the failure behavior of multiple inflatable anchors exhibits a three-stage curve: an initial linear stage, followed by nonlinear, and steady-state stages. In addition, the ultimate bearing capacity of multiple inflatable anchors is maximized if the ratio of the spacing of inflatable anchors to the equivalent expanding section diameter of an inflatable anchor is 6.84. It is recognized that the ECO of this new multiple inflatable anchor group is sometimes greater than 1, unlike that of conventional anchors, which have ECOs of less than 1. In addition, the layout of multiple inflatable anchors in the shape of a cinquefoil is recommended due to its high ECO.
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Ko, Y. G., C. Y. Hung, and G. A. Thompson. "Temperature regulation of the Tetrahymena mimbres glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein lipid composition." Biochemical Journal 307, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3070115.
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By incubating Tetrahymena mimbres cells with [3H]myristic acid, [3H]ethanolamine, [3H]inositol, and [3H]mannose, proteins having apparent molecular masses of 23 and 63 kDa were identified as the cells' principal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. These proteins accounted for as much as 2-5% of the whole cell proteins, with the higher levels being recovered from non-growing cells. The two proteins, gpi 23 and gpi 63, were purified to near homogeneity through Triton X-114/water partitioning followed by preparative SDS/PAGE. The lipid components of the GPI anchors were determined by chemical and enzymic hydrolysis. Both proteins were anchored by ceramides, with the principal long-chain base being C18 sphinganine containing an O-methyl group at the 3 position. O-Methylation was shown not to be an artifact of hydrolysis. When T. mimbres was cultured at 15 degrees C, the ceramide fatty acid component of the GPI anchors was principally palmitic acid (75% in gpi 23 and 76% in gpi 63). GPI anchors from 28 degrees C-grown cells contained mainly stearic acid (79% in gpi 23 and 70% in gpi 63). Temperature change had little effect on the long-chain-base composition. The direction of temperature-induced lipid change in the protein-bound anchors was the same as found in the inositolphosphorylceramide putative precursors of the protein anchors described in the accompanying paper [Hung, Ko and Thompson (1995) Biochem. J. 307, 107-113], but the detailed fatty acid compositions of the precursors and the protein-bound lipids were quite different. The precise metabolic regulation of anchor lipid chain length supports the concept that composition of the lipid anchor is important in the function and/or metabolism of the anchored protein.
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Vikrant Chauhan, Vinod Kumar, and Pankaj Yadav. "Clinical and radiological outcome of arthroscopic Bankart repair in traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability with all-suture anchors." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i8.44395.
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Background: Arthroscopic Bankart repair has evolved as an excellent treatment option in the management of recurrent shoulder instability as includes minimally invasive approach and significant reduction in perioperative morbidity. Anchor-related complications such as secondary cartilage damage and proud implant position are well described in literature. An all-suture anchor was developed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2010. These anchors are placed into 1.4 mm diameter drilled holes which are smaller than the drill holes used for previously available anchor therefore minimize invasiveness and avoid complication related to metallic and bioabsorbable anchors. Aims and Objectives: This study to assess early radiological and clinical outcome after labral repair using all-suture anchors with specific consideration for bony reactions at the anchor site on magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients underwent labral repair using all-suture anchors were followed up for minimum of 1 year. Functional outcome was assessed on the basis of Rowe score, Constant and Murley score, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score. The radiological appearance of bony reaction around the anchor site was judged by the presence of bony edema, tunnel widening (>3 mm), and cyst formation. Results: A total number of 56 all-suture anchors were implanted in 10 patients. The total Rowe score significantly improved from a mean of 24.4 preoperatively to 92.5 postoperatively. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from a mean of 47.1 preoperatively to 88.6 postoperatively and the Constant and Murley score improved from a mean of 57.3 preoperatively to 90.6 postoperatively. On post-operative MRI out of 56 anchors implanted, 35 anchors did not display any reactive bone changes around anchor site. In 17 anchors, bone edema around a suture anchor was seen. Tunnel widening >3 mm was seen in four anchors. None of the anchors showed cyst formation around anchor site. Conclusion: Clinicoradiological outcome after arthroscopic shoulder instability using all-suture anchors was excellent at 1 year follow-up and radiological imaging revealed a good labral healing.
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Nakagawa, Shigeto, Takehito Hirose, Yuta Tachibana, Ryo Iuchi, and Tatsuo Mae. "Postoperative Recurrence of Instability Due to New Anterior Glenoid Rim Fractures After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 12 (July 21, 2017): 2840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517714476.
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Background: Computed tomography (CT) sometimes reveals a new fracture of the anterior glenoid rim in patients with postoperative recurrence of instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors, but there have been few previous reports about such fractures. Hypothesis: The placement of a large number of suture anchors during arthroscopic Bankart repair might be associated with a new glenoid rim fracture. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Screw-in metal suture anchors were used until June 2011 and suture-based soft anchors from July 2011. A follow-up of at least 2 years was conducted for 128 shoulders treated using metal anchors (metal anchor group) and 129 shoulders treated using soft anchors (soft anchor group). The frequency and features of new glenoid rim fractures were investigated, and the influence of the number of suture anchors and other factors on fractures was also assessed. Results: There were 19 shoulders (14.8%) with postoperative recurrence in the metal anchor group and 23 shoulders (17.8%) in the soft anchor group. Among 37 shoulders evaluated by CT at recurrence, a new glenoid rim fracture was detected in 13 shoulders (35.1%; 5 shoulders in the metal anchor group and 8 shoulders in the soft anchor group). A fracture at the anchor insertion site was recognized in 4 shoulders from the metal anchor group and 6 shoulders from the soft anchor group, although linear fractures connecting several anchor holes were only seen in the soft anchor group. While new glenoid fractures occurred regardless of the number of suture anchors used, new fractures were significantly more frequent in teenagers at surgery and in junior high school or high school athletes. Such fractures did not only occur in contact athletes but were also found in overhead athletes. Conclusion: Postoperative recurrence of instability associated with a new glenoid rim fracture along the suture anchor insertion site was frequent after arthroscopic Bankart repair. These fractures might be related to placing multiple soft suture anchors in a linear arrangement.
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Xiao, Zhifeng, Kai Wang, Qiao Wan, Xiaowei Tan, Chuan Xu, and Fanfan Xia. "A2S-Det: Efficiency Anchor Matching in Aerial Image Oriented Object Detection." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010073.
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Object detection is a challenging task in aerial images, where many objects have large aspect ratios and are densely arranged. Most anchor-based rotating detectors assign anchors for ground-truth objects by a fixed restriction of the rotation Intersection-over-Unit (IoU) between anchors and objects, which directly follow horizontal detectors. Due to many directional objects with a large aspect ratio, the object-anchor IoU is heavily influenced by the angle, which may cause few anchors assigned for some ground-truth objects. In this study, we propose an anchor selection method based on sample balance assigning anchors adaptively, which we name the Self-Adaptive Anchor Selection (A2S-Det) method. For each ground-truth object, A2S-Det selects a set of candidate anchors by horizontal IoU. Then, an adaptive threshold module is adopted on the set of candidate anchors, which calculates a boundary of these candidate anchors aiming to keep a balance between positive and negative anchors. In addition, we propose a coordinate regression of relative reference (CR3) module to precisely regress the rotating bounding box. We test our method on a public aerial image dataset, and prove better performance than many other one-stage detectors and two-stage detectors, achieving the mAP of 70.64. An efficiency anchor matching method helps the detector achieve better performance for objects with large aspect ratios.
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Knapik, Derrick M., Jensen G. Kolaczko, Robert J. Gillespie, Michael J. Salata, and James E. Voos. "Complications and Return to Activity After Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Type II SLAP Lesions: A Systematic Review Comparing Knotted Versus Knotless Suture Anchors." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 232596712091136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120911361.
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Background: Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears are one of the most common injuries to the shoulder, with the type II variant representing the most frequently encountered subtype. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to better understand outcomes after arthroscopic repair of isolated type II SLAP lesions using knotted versus knotless anchors based on implant number, implant location, patient position, and portal position. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review investigating all studies in the literature between January 2000 and June 2019 reporting on patients undergoing arthroscopic repair for isolated type II SLAP lesions using knotted versus knotless suture anchors was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and Embase databases. Results: A total of 234 patients undergoing isolated arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions using suture anchors were identified, with 76% (179/234) treated using knotted anchors versus 24% (55/234) treated using knotless anchors. Complications were reported in 12% of patients treated using knotted anchors versus no patients treated using knotless anchors ( P = .008). The incidence of complications for knotted anchor repair was not significantly affected by patient position ( P = .22) or portal position ( P = .19). Using multiple regression analysis, we found no significant association with the incidence of complications when analyzing for anchor design ( R 2 = 0.02; P = .06) or anchor position ( R 2 = 0.02; P = .92). No significant difference in return-to-activity timing was appreciated based on anchor type ( P = .28), patient position ( P = .98), or portal position ( P = .97) in patients treated using knotted anchors. Conclusion: Patients treated using knotted anchors were significantly more likely to experience a postoperative complication compared with patients treated using knotless anchors after arthroscopic repair of isolated type II SLAP lesions. Despite the increased incidence of a postoperative complication after knotted anchor fixation compared with knotless anchor fixation, multiple regression analysis showed that anchor design and anchor position were not significantly predictive of the incidence of complications. Given the increasing popularity of knotless anchor fixation, further study on the long-term outcomes after knotless repair for isolated type II SLAP lesions is warranted.
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Kang, Moon Ki. "Shear Resistance of CIP Anchors under Dynamic Loading: Unreinforced Anchor." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 1 (2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.1.011.
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Kang, Moon Ki. "Shear Resistance of CIP Anchors under Dynamic Loading: Reinforced Anchor." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 1 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.1.021.
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Guo, Gang, Zhong Liu, Aiping Tang, Yibing Deng, and Jiqiang Zhang. "Model Test Research on Bearing Mechanism of Underreamed Ground Anchor in Sand." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9746438.
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To improve the capacity of ground anchors, scholars and engineers worldwide have developed various types of underreamed anchors with expanded anchor parts. Underreamed anchors have a completely different mechanism from traditional shaft anchors. The expanded section of an underreamed anchor induces an end bearing force to endure the uplift force similar to a reversed pile. Therefore, the total resistance of an underreamed anchor includes friction and end bearing force. To clarify the bearing mechanism of underreamed anchors, a series of model tests were performed using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and the photogrammetry measuring method. Based on the tests, the distribution and development of the friction and end bearing force of the underreamed anchor model were acquired by the FBG sensors when being pulled out. Moreover, the deformation state of the soil around the anchor model was observed by the digital photogrammetry measuring method. Finally, the interaction mechanism between an underreamed anchor and surrounding sand was obtained, which was identified as the inherent reason for the distribution and development law of the resistance of the underreamed anchor in sand.
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Stewart, Christopher M. B., Haseem Raja, Emma Torrance, and Lennard Funk. "In Vivo Randomized Controlled Study of the Bone Response of All-Suture Anchors and Biocomposite Anchors." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 232596712091496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120914965.
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Background: Suture anchors are widely used for labral reconstruction surgery. However, there has been some concern over the development of osteolysis around the anchor. This has been reported for both biocomposite and all-suture anchors, but they have not been compared directly in vivo. Purpose: To compare the bone response to 2 common suture anchors: a traditional biocomposite push-fit anchor and an all-suture anchor. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Included in this study were 17 patients with a total of 37 unique suture anchors. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at 3 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. A total of 38 senior radiologists and shoulder surgeons evaluated the images using a previously validated system for grading the bone response around suture anchors. The mean difference in grading at 3 weeks and 6 months was calculated using unpaired t tests, and the interrater reliability was evaluated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: At 3 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of osteolysis surrounding each suture anchor type ( P = .258), with little bone response. However, on the 6-month scans, there was a significantly lower level of osteolysis seen in the all-suture anchors compared with the biocomposite anchors ( P = .040). Interrater reliability was excellent, with an ICC value of 0.975 (95% CI, 0.962-0.985). Conclusion: All-suture anchors cause significantly less osteolysis in glenoid bone at 6 months compared with biocomposite anchors.
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Morotti, Ana Luísa Malaco, Maristela Braga Martins-Teixeira, and Ivone Carvalho. "Protozoan Parasites Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors: Structures, Functions and Trends for Drug Discovery." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 23 (October 10, 2019): 4301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170727110801.
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Background:Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors are molecules located on cell membranes of all eukaryotic organisms. Proteins, enzymes, and other macromolecules which are anchored by GPIs are essential elements for interaction between cells, and are widely used by protozoan parasites when compared to higher eukaryotes.Methods:More than one hundred references were collected to obtain broad information about mammalian and protozoan parasites’ GPI structures, biosynthetic pathways, functions and attempts to use these molecules as drug targets against parasitic diseases. Differences between GPI among species were compared and highlighted. Strategies for drug discovery and development against protozoan GPI anchors were discussed based on what has been reported on literature.Results:There are many evidences that GPI anchors are crucial for parasite’s survival and interaction with hosts’ cells. Despite all GPI anchors contain a conserved glycan core, they present variations regarding structural features and biosynthetic pathways between organisms, which could offer adequate selectivity to validate GPI anchors as drug targets. Discussion was developed with focus on the following parasites: Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania, Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii, causative agents of tropical neglected diseases.Conclusion:This review debates the main variances between parasitic and mammalian GPI anchor biosynthesis and structures, as well as clues for strategic development for new anti-parasitic therapies based on GPI anchors.
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Tajima, Yuji, and Kazuaki Hoki. "Fracture behavior of multiple adhesive postinstalled anchors subjected to shear force." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0597.
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In this study, experiments were conducted on post-installed anchors subjected to shear force in order to enhance applicability when post-installed anchors were used for seismic reinforcement. Furthermore, since there were a large number of post-installed anchors when they were actually used, an experiment was conducted in which aăshear force was simultaneously applied to one to four anchors. In this study, it was focused on number and pitch of anchors. Major findings of this study were summarized as follows: in case of 22.46 (N/mm2) for concrete compressive strength, shear strength of anchors was not double, triple, and quadruple as number of those increased to 2, 3, and 4, and that gradually decreased as number of those increased, the boundary condition between anchor shear rupture and pry-out failure was found that concrete compressive strength was 25.12 (N/mm2) or less and anchor pitch was 30 to 50 mm, and anchor was tensile strength over SD390.
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Chen, Hong, Yujie Wang, and Yunqiao Ding. "Do Career Demands and Career Choices Always Coincide? A Matching Perspective Based on Career Anchors and Job Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011273.
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Career choice is an important behavior for people wanting to develop their social life and is a key link to doing so. The matching of career choice with an individual’s real work demands will have a significant impact on the development of individuals, organizations, and society. However, at this stage, there are few studies on this matching situation. From the perspective of the matching of career anchors and job characteristics, this study explored the distribution and different characteristics of employees’ career demands and their career choices through a survey of 407 employees, and further discussed the matching status of these. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Individual career demands (career anchors) presented three attributes: single, multiple, and unclear. Among the single career anchor types, life anchors had the largest proportion, while among multiple career anchor individuals, individuals with both challenge anchors and service anchors accounted for the majority. (2) Individual career demands (career anchors) were significantly different across most demographic variables and organizational/work variables. (3) Deviations between employees’ career demands and their career choices seemed to be a common phenomenon, with the highest degree of fit (62.79%) with the entrepreneurial creativity anchor and the lowest degree of fit (21.28%) with the lifestyle anchor. In addition, in an analysis of three job fit characteristics, the entrepreneurial creativity anchor had a significant preference for managerial characteristics, whereas the challenge anchor had a significant preference for technological characteristics. The degrees of fit of the other anchors were characterized by the frequency of ‘right suboptimal fit’ being larger than that of ‘left suboptimal fit’. In other words, a specific career anchor had a significant preference for job characteristics matched by the right career anchor, with the midpoint of the career anchor octagon model defining the angle of observation. This study provides a reference for human resource management departments and for employees’ recognition and planning of career anchors.
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Chen, Hong, Yujie Wang, and Yunqiao Ding. "Do Career Demands and Career Choices Always Coincide? A Matching Perspective Based on Career Anchors and Job Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011273.
Full textAbstract:
Career choice is an important behavior for people wanting to develop their social life and is a key link to doing so. The matching of career choice with an individual’s real work demands will have a significant impact on the development of individuals, organizations, and society. However, at this stage, there are few studies on this matching situation. From the perspective of the matching of career anchors and job characteristics, this study explored the distribution and different characteristics of employees’ career demands and their career choices through a survey of 407 employees, and further discussed the matching status of these. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Individual career demands (career anchors) presented three attributes: single, multiple, and unclear. Among the single career anchor types, life anchors had the largest proportion, while among multiple career anchor individuals, individuals with both challenge anchors and service anchors accounted for the majority. (2) Individual career demands (career anchors) were significantly different across most demographic variables and organizational/work variables. (3) Deviations between employees’ career demands and their career choices seemed to be a common phenomenon, with the highest degree of fit (62.79%) with the entrepreneurial creativity anchor and the lowest degree of fit (21.28%) with the lifestyle anchor. In addition, in an analysis of three job fit characteristics, the entrepreneurial creativity anchor had a significant preference for managerial characteristics, whereas the challenge anchor had a significant preference for technological characteristics. The degrees of fit of the other anchors were characterized by the frequency of ‘right suboptimal fit’ being larger than that of ‘left suboptimal fit’. In other words, a specific career anchor had a significant preference for job characteristics matched by the right career anchor, with the midpoint of the career anchor octagon model defining the angle of observation. This study provides a reference for human resource management departments and for employees’ recognition and planning of career anchors.
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Hsu, S. T., and H. J. Liao. "Uplift behaviour of cylindrical anchors in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t97-067.
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A series of laboratory model tests and numerical analyses has been carried out to study the behaviour of vertically embedded cylindrical anchors in sand. Due to the cylindrical shape of the anchor, both the shaft friction and the end resistance have substantial contribution to the pullout capacity. But shaft friction and end resistance do not reach peak values at the same anchor displacement. As a result, analyzing the anchorage behaviour of cylindrical anchors is complicated. The pullout behaviour of the anchor is significantly influenced by the embedded depth. There exists a critical depth (about seven to eight times the anchor diameter D) which differentiates the behaviour of a deeply embedded cylindrical anchor from that of an anchor with shallow embedment. The complete load-displacement relationships for shallow and deep anchors can be simulated by the numerical analysis proposed herein. A minimum horizontal spacing of 10D is needed between neighbouring cylindrical anchors to be free of interference.Key words: cylindrical anchor, uplift behaviour, laboratory model test, numerical analysis, sand.
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Bynum, C. Kelly, Steven Lee, Andrew Mahar, James Tasto, and Robert Pedowitz. "Failure Mode of Suture Anchors as a Function of Insertion Depth." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 7 (July 2005): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504271746.
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Background Surgeons can control not only the angle but also the depth of suture anchor placement during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, although the tendency may be to place suture anchors on the deep side to avoid damage from prominent anchor eyelets. However, little information is available regarding possible effects of suture anchor depth on construct failure mechanisms. Hypothesis Anchor depth affects the mode of suture failure with physiologically relevant cyclic loads. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Metallic screw-in suture anchors loaded with No. 2 braided polyester sutures were inserted into the bovine infra-spinatus footprint with the eyelet proud, standard, or deep. Sutures were hand tied to create a closed loop. Constructs were cyclically loaded from 10 to 90 N and, if still intact at 500 cycles, taken to ultimate failure (maximum load). Results When clinical failure was defined as greater than 3-mm construct elongation, anchors placed with the eyelet deep experienced statistically earlier clinical failure via cutting of the suture through the bone (P <. 02). However, anchors placed at this level did not experience catastrophic failure during cyclic loading. The standard and proud anchors experienced 3 mm of elongation at a greater number of cycles, but the suture material degraded at the anchor eyelet, and a majority of these constructs broke during cyclic physiologic loading. At failure testing, the deep anchors had a significantly increased failure load (164 N) compared to standard (133 N) (P <. 04) and proud (113 N) anchors (P <. 005). Conclusion Varying the depth of suture anchor insertion changes the mechanical properties and mode of failure of suture anchor constructs. Clinical Relevance Surgeons should be aware of the effects of suture anchor depth and abrasive eyelet wear on construct failure during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
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Slaven, Sean, Brett Monson, Zein Aburish, Kelly Kilcoyne, Lance LeClere, Jonathan Dickens, and Donald Colantonio. "Glenoid Reaction to Biocomposite and PEEK Suture Anchors Following Arthroscopic Labral Repairs." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00405.
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Objectives: Biocomposite and all-suture suture anchors have been shown to cause reactive changes in the humerus and glenoid when used for arthroscopic rotator cuff and glenoid labrum repairs. The purpose of this study was to quantify glenoid anchor widening using biocomposite or PEEK suture anchors for arthroscopic shoulder stabilization. Our hypothesis was that biocomposite and PEEK anchors would lead to significant reactive changes in the glenoid as evidenced by a difference in postoperative tunnel size compared to suture anchor diameter. Methods: We searched the Military Data Repository for all patients with a history of a glenoid labrum repair who underwent a postoperative CT scan of the affected shoulder in our hospital market region. CT scans were measured using organic IMPAX tools to calculate the width and length of bone tunnels as described by Tompane et al. Bone mineral density was calculated by measuring the average Hounsfield Units through four axial segments of the glenoid neck in a best fit circle of cancellous bone. Tunnel widening was defined as an increase in width greater than 0.1mm compared to the drill size for each implant. Measurements were made by two independent observers blinded to other patient factors. Patient charts were also reviewed to obtain anchor data, injury, and surgical variables. Univariate analysis was performed to compare differences between tunnel widths and anchor sizes Results: We analyzed 146 bone tunnels in 37 shoulders that met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 23 (18-45), with 126 male and 20 females. The average time to CT scan from labrum repair was 782 days (159-2210). The majority of CT scans (33) were obtained after recurrent instability events, 2 were obtained for preoperative planning prior to shoulder arthroplasty, and 2 were obtained to evaluate the glenoid prior to military commissioning. The average number of anchors used per shoulder was 5. There were 17 PEEK and 129 biocomposite anchors included. There were 113 Arthrex, 28 Mitek, and 3 Zimmer Biomet anchors included in the data. There were 81 anchors in the anterior inferior quadrant, 21 anterior superior, 37 posterior inferior, and 6 in the posterior superior quadrant of the glenoid. The mean difference between tunnel and anchor width was 0.002mm across the data set. Fifty-five biocomposite anchors (43.6%) showed an increased tunnel diameter of greater than 0.1mm compared to anchor size. 7 PEEK anchors (41%) demonstrated an increased tunnel diameter greater than 0.1mm. Additionally, 14 tunnels demonstrated an increased width greater than 1mm compared to anchor size and all were biocomposite anchors. There was no difference in tunnel widening between biocomposite and PEEK anchors (p=0.34). The average change in width across widened tunnels was 0.07mm. The average change in tunnel size across all anchors was 0.02mm. On univariate analysis, bone mineral density, anchor size, anchor position, time to CT scan, composition, and age were not shown to have a statistically significant correlation. Conclusion: At short term 2 year follow-up there was no difference in tunnel widening between PEEK and biocomposite suture anchors. Although the majority of bone tunnels did not demonstrate significant widening compared to the implant size, 43.6% of biocomposite and 41% PEEK anchors generated reactive changes greater than 0.1mm. There were no clear trends in anchor type or location that clearly contributed to tunnel widening.
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LeVasseur, Matthew R., Michael R. Mancini, Nicholas Williams, Elifho Obopilwe, Mark P. Cote, Katherine J. Coyner, Robert A. Arciero, Paul E. Caldwell, and Augustus D. Mazzocca. "Ability to Retension Knotless Suture Anchors: A Biomechanical Analysis of Simulated Bankart Lesions." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 232596712210987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221098726.
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Background: Knotless suture anchors are gaining popularity in arthroscopic glenohumeral labral repairs. The ability to retension knotless designs after initial anchor placement has been reported; however, no studies have quantified this claim or investigated the biomechanical consequence of retensioning. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether knotless and knotted suture anchors have biomechanical or anatomic differences with regard to labral repairs and to determine whether retensioning of knotless suture anchors affects capsular tension, labral height, and capsular shift. We hypothesized that retensioning of knotless anchors would result in improved capsular tension compared with conventional knotted suture anchors. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders with a mean age of 56 years were dissected to the capsule and disarticulated at the humeral capsular insertion. The scapula was potted and placed in a custom shoulder simulator to tension the capsule via braided sutures localized to the anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament. Specimens were randomized into 3 groups: (1) Knotted (KT), (2) Knotless with end retensioning (KLend), and (3) Knotless with stepwise retensioning (KLstepwise). All repairs were completed using all-suture anchors placed at the 5-, 4-, and 3-o’clock positions. KLstepwise was used to simulate an intraoperative technique. Resultant mean capsular tension under 5 mm of displacement (subfailure loading) was measured for each anchor placement and retensioning step. Labral height and capsular shift were measured using a MicroScribe digitizer. Results: The intact, defect, 1-anchor, 2-anchor, and 3-anchor tensions were not significantly different between the KT and KLend groups. For the latter, retensioning of all knotless anchors increased capsular tension by 2.1 N compared with its 3-anchor state, although this was not statistically significant ( P = .081). The KLstepwise group explored an alternative method to retension the capsule using knotless anchors, with similar final capsular tensions compared with the other groups. All repairs had similar improvements in capsulolabral height and superior capsular shift. Conclusion: Knotted and knotless suture anchors provided similar overall restorations in anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament tension. However, knotless devices were capable of small but statistically insignificant improvements in capsular tension with retensioning. Clinical Relevance: Retensioning of knotless anchors allows the surgeon to tighten regions of the glenohumeral capsule that remain lax after repair.
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Hsu, Shih Tsung. "A Numerical Study on the Uplift Behavior of Under-Reamed Anchors in Silty Sand." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2013.
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Ground anchors are common to be employed in geotechnical engineering. Under a limited space of an urban district or a restricted thick of an anchored stratum, an under-reamed anchor could meet both the requirements of a short length and a high anchorage capacity. To investigate the anchorage mechanism of the anchor, a series of triaxial tests was performed to obtain the parameters demanded for a constitutive model, SHASOVOD (A continuous strain hardening/ softening and volume dilatancy model for cohesionless soil during stressing). A numerical program was then developed to study the uplift behavior of the under-reamed anchor in silty sand. Analyzing results show that, for two under-reamed anchors located in different test sites, the complete load-displacement curves estimated numerically were consisted with those measured from the field test. The total load, friction load and end bearing do not reach their peaks simultaneously. According to the behavior of the end bearing, a critical overburden depth H of 6D was found to classify an under-reamed anchor as a shallow anchor or a deep anchor.
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Benmokrane, Brahim, Burong Zhang, Adil Chennouf, and Radhouane Masmoudi. "Evaluation of aramid and carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite tendons for prestressed ground anchors." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-090.
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This paper presents the tension and bond properties of commercially available Aramid fibre reinforced polymer (AFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods and their uplift and sustained loading behaviour as ground anchor tendons. Variables for the tests were tendon type and constituent, grout type, and bond or fixed anchor length. Test results indicated that the tension properties of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) rods were close to the reported data. The surface geometry of FRP rods and the properties of filling grouts influenced the pullout behaviour and bond strength of grouted FRP rods. CFRP Carbon Fiber Composite Cable and Leadline anchors had a higher uplift capacity but lower creep displacement than AFRP Arapree and Technora anchors. The tested CFRP monorod and FRP multirod anchors with a 1000 mm fixed anchor length exhibited an acceptable uplift behaviour according to existing codes. Creep behaviour appeared to control the long-term uplift capacity of prestressed FRP ground anchors. The recommended working load for post-tensioned FRP ground anchors is 0.40 fpu for AFRP rods and 0.50fpu for CFRP rods, where fpu is the ultimate load or strength of the anchor tendon.Key words: FRP, tendon, bond stress, anchorage, grouted anchor, fixed anchor length, free anchor length, slip, creep.
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Kim, Sae H., Seok H. Yang, Sung-Min Rhee, Kwang J. Lee, Hyong S. Kim, and Joo H. Oh. "The formation of perianchor fluid associated with various suture anchors used in rotator cuff repair." Bone & Joint Journal 101-B, no. 12 (December 2019): 1506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.101b12.bjj-2019-0462.r2.
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Aims The aim of this study was to compare the osseous reactions elicited by all-suture, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and two different biodegradable anchors used during rotator cuff repair. Patients and Methods Transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair was performed in 73 patients. The patients were divided into two groups, in both of which two different medial-row anchors were used. In group 1, anchor A comprised 30% β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) + 70% fast-absorbing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer (85% polylactic acid enantiomers + 15% polyglycolic acid) and anchor B comprised all-sutures. In group 2, anchor C comprised 23% micro β-TCP + 77% polylactic acid enantiomers and anchor D comprised PEEK polymer. There were 37 patients in group 1 and 36 patients in group 2. The presence and severity of fluid collection around anchors and healing of the rotator cuff were assessed using MRI scans, approximately one year postoperatively. The severity of the collection was graded as 0 (no perianchor fluid signal), 1 (minimal perianchor fluid), 2 (local collection of fluid), 3 (fluid collection around the whole length of the anchor but of a diameter less than twice the anchor diameter), or 4 (fluid collection around the whole length of the anchor and of a diameter greater than twice the anchor diameter). Results A perianchor fluid signal was seen in three patients (8.1%) with anchor A, four (10.8%) with anchor B, 15 (41.7%) with anchor C, and 15 (41.7%) with anchor D. The severity of the collection around anchor was grade 2:1:0:0 for anchor A, grade 2:2:0:0 for anchor B, grade 12:2:0:1 for anchor C, and grade 11:3:0:1 for anchor D (grade 1:2:3:4, respectively). The prevalence and severity of fluid formation was not significantly different between anchors A and B, and anchors C and D. However, on intergroup analysis, there were significant differences for the prevalence and severity of fluid formation between anchors in group 1 and group 2. The prevalence of failure to heal was not significant in group 1 (seven, 18.9%) or group 2 (nine, 25.0%). There was no relationship between the presence of perianchor fluid and each type of anchor, and the integrity of the rotator cuff repair, in either group. Conclusion Despite the nonabsorbable nature of all-suture and PEEK anchors, all-suture anchors produced less osseous reaction after rotator cuff repair. In deciding which kind of anchor to use, consideration should be given not only to the strength of the initial fixation, but also to the postoperative biological reaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1506–1511
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Chuang, Hao-Chun, Joe-Zhi Yen, Chih-Kai Hong, Kai-Lan Hsu, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Yueh Chen, Hao-Ming Chang, and Wei-Ren Su. "Comparison of Biomechanical Failure Loads Between Tape-Type and Conventional Sutures in Internal Knotless Anchor–Based Constructs." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 232596712110725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211072523.
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Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of tape-type sutures, whether internal knotless anchors can consistently affix tape-type sutures has not been thoroughly investigated. Purpose: To evaluate whether substituting tape-type sutures for conventional sutures influences the suture-holding strength of internal knotless anchors. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Level of evidence, 5. Methods: A total of 3 internal knotless anchors were tested: a spiral core clamping anchor (Footprint Ultra PK), a winged clamping anchor (PopLok), and a spooling anchor (ReelX STT). Four constructs were compared for each type of anchor, with the anchor double or quadruple loaded with tape-type sutures or conventional sutures. The testing protocol comprised preloading suture tension to 10 N; cyclic loading, in which tension increased in increments of 10 N from 10 to 90 N; and a load-to-failure stage set at a speed of 0.5 mm/s. The clinical failure load (CFL) was defined as suture slippage of ≥3 mm. Also, 1-way analysis of variance and power analysis were used to compare the CFLs of the constructs. Results: For the quadruple-loaded spiral core clamping anchors, a significant reduction in CFLs was seen with conventional sutures over tape-type sutures (138.10 ± 4.73 vs 80.00 ± 12.25 N, respectively; P < .001). This reduction was not observed under the double-loaded condition (conventional vs tape type: 76.00 ± 5.48 vs 80.00 ± 10.00 N, respectively). Substitution of the suture materials did not significantly reduce the CFLs for the winged clamping anchors (conventional vs tape type: 40.00 ± 10.00 vs 30.00 ± 7.07 N for double loaded, respectively, and 64.00 ± 13.41 vs 50.00 ± 10.00 N for quadruple loaded, respectively) or the spooling anchors (conventional vs tape type: 62.00 ± 19.23 vs 56.32 ± 20.20N for double loaded, respectively, and 72.00 ± 21.68 vs 84.00 ± 13.42 N for quadruple loaded, respectively). Conclusion: Substituting tape-type sutures for conventional sutures increased the CFLs of some internal knotless anchors. With specific suture-anchor combinations, quadruple-loaded conventional suture anchors had CFLs higher than those of double-loaded conventional suture anchors. Clinical Relevance: When multiple tape-type sutures are used in conjunction with a clamping anchor, clinicians should note a possible reduction in CFLs and resultant early suture slippage.
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Luo, Xinyang, Ping Cao, Taoying Liu, Qingxiong Zhao, Gang Meng, Zhi Fan, and Weiping Xie. "Mechanical Behaviour of Anchored Rock Containing Weak Interlayer under Uniaxial Compression: Laboratory Test and Coupled DEM–FEM Simulation." Minerals 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040492.
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The reason for instability in a rock mass with a weak interlayer is not only the sliding failure of the rock interlayer structural plane but also the tip crack propagation caused by the stress concentration at the tip of the interlayer. In this study, a uniaxial compression test of an anchored rock mass with a weak interlayer was carried out to determine the influence of the anchorage on the failure pattern and the strength of samples with different interlayer dip angles. In addition, the coupled DEM–FEM numerical simulation method was used to study the internal stress evolution of the sample and the stress distribution of the anchor under the anchorage effect. The results showed that the anchorage effect on reinforcement and strength enhancement was greatest for the sample with an interlayer dip angle of 30°. Under the anchorage effect, crack initiation was limited and there was more shear failure in the samples. The reinforcement range of the anchorage effect for anchors with restrained ends was larger than for anchors with free ends. When the rock–anchor interface was unbonded, the effect of the free-ends anchor reflected the residual friction, but the restrained-ends anchor still worked by limiting the lateral expansion of the rocks. The stress values and deformation of the anchors decreased gradually with an increase in dip angle.
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Sheng, Qin Zhu, Qun Xie, and Xin Wang. "Design and Analysis of Anchor Group under Eccentric Shear Loading." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3457.
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Adhesive anchors are widely used as post-installed fasteners in civil engineering. A typical steel-to-concrete connection includes multiple anchors which are commonly subjected to combined moment and shear loading. Based on the assumption that all anchors take up shear load, a revised method is developed for the design of ductile anchors, which considers that only the row of most stressed anchors in the tension zone are needed to meet the elliptical interaction of tension and shear capacity requirement during the design process of anchorage group under combined shear and moment loading. The ultimate strength of post-installed fastenings should be controlled by the strength of anchor steel for the purpose of connection safety and full utilization of anchor capacity. For the objective of ductile design in anchor group, the ratio of shear span could be used as an evaluation parameter in the process of strength prediction. According to the theoretical analysis and results comparison, the ductile failure of anchor steel in post-installed fastenings can be guaranteed when the ratio of shear span is greater than 0.6.
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Ozturk, Murat. "Prediction of tensile capacity of adhesive anchors including edge and group effects using neural networks." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0059.
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AbstractAdhesive anchors are widely used in seismic strengthening applications to add new structural members or sections to existing concrete members due to their high tensile and compressive strengths, low cost, and easy and fast installation. To safely design such anchors, it is very important to know their pullout capacity under axial tensile forces. This paper explores the pullout capacity of both single and groups of adhesive anchors loaded in tension in uncracked concrete. Quadruple anchor groups were considered for group effect. To this end, 142 single anchor tests including edge effect (located near a concrete edge) and 175 quadruple group anchor tests (totally 317 tests) were obtained from literature. The formulated three-layered artificial neural network method (ANN) was trained using 75% of the data set by using different learning algorithms. The methods were tested with the remaining 25%. The variables taken into account in this study are anchor diameter, embedment length, concrete compressive strength, concrete body height, edge distance (for single anchors), and anchor spacing (for group anchors). It was determined that experimental data can be estimated to a notably close extent via the ANN model.
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Gu, Yang, Qian Song, Ming Ma, Yanghuan Li, and Zhimin Zhou. "A unanimous trajectory calibration framework based on anchors in inertial pedestrian positioning." Sensor Review 37, no. 4 (September 18, 2017): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-02-2017-0027.
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Purpose Aiding information is frequently adopted to calibrate the errors from inertia-generated trajectories in pedestrian positioning. However, existing calibration methods lack interior connections and unanimity, making it difficult to incorporate multiple sources of aiding information. This paper aims to propose a unanimous anchor-based trajectory calibration framework, which is expandable to encompass different types of anchor information. Design/methodology/approach The concept of anchors is introduced to represent different types of aiding information, which are, in essence, different constraint conditions on inertia-derived raw trajectories. The foundation of the framework is a particle filter which is implemented based on various particle weight updating strategies using diverse types of anchor information. Herein, three representative anchors are chosen to elaborate and validate the proposed framework, namely, ultra-wide-band (UWB) ranging anchors, iBeacons and the building structure-based virtual anchors. Findings In the simulations, with the particle reweighting strategies of the proposed framework, the positioning errors can be compensated. In the experimental test in an office building in which three anchors, including one UWB anchor, one iBeacon and one building structure-based virtual anchor are deployed; the final positioning error is decreased from 1.9 to 1.2 m; and the heading error is reduced from about 21° to 7°, respectively. Originality/value Herein, an anchor-based unanimous trajectory calibration framework for inertial pedestrian positioning is proposed. This framework is applicable to the schemes with different configurations of the anchors and can be expanded to adopt as much anchor information as possible.
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De Carli, Angelo, Antonio Vadalà, Edoardo Monaco, Luca Labianca, Edoardo Zanzotto, and Andrea Ferretti. "Effect of Cyclic Loading on New Polyblend Suture Coupled with Different Anchors." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 2 (February 2005): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504267348.
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Background Secure tendon-to-bone fixation is essential for successful rotator cuff repair. Biomechanical properties of devices used in rotator cuff repair should be better understood. Purpose To evaluate the response to incremental cyclic loading of 6 different anchor-suture complexes commonly used in rotator cuff repair. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Two absorbable anchors 5 mm and 6.5 mm in diameter and 1 metallic anchor, coupled with Ethibond or FiberWire, were tested on 5 pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders. An incremental cyclic load was applied until failure using a Zwich-Roell Z010 electromechanical testing machine. The ultimate failure load and mode of failure were recorded. An analysis of variance model was used for statistical analysis. Results The FiberWire suture coupled with both absorbable and metallic anchors provided statistically significantly stronger fixation. However, although the metallic anchors in most cases failed because of slippage of the anchor, absorbable anchors failed because of rupture of the eyelet. Conclusions The FiberWire seems to increase the strength of fixation devices under cyclic load using both absorbable and metallic anchors, with relevant differences in failure mode (slippage of the metallic anchor and eyelet failure in the absorbable anchor). Clinical Relevance Use of the FiberWire suture might change the mode of failure of the suture-anchor complexes.
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Zhang, Qing-Song, Sen Liu, Qiuyang Zhang, Yun Xue, Dongxia Ge, Michael J. O'Brien, Felix H. Savoie, and Zongbing You. "Comparison of the Tendon Damage Caused by Four Different Anchor Systems Used in Transtendon Rotator Cuff Repair." Advances in Orthopedics 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/798521.
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Objectives. The objective of this study was to compare the damage to the rotator cuff tendons caused by four different anchor systems.Methods. 20 cadaveric human shoulder joints were used for transtendon insertion of four anchor systems. The Healix Peek, Fastin RC, Bio-Corkscrew Suture, and Healix Transtend anchors were inserted through the tendons using standard transtendon procedures. The areas of tendon damage were measured.Results. The areas of tendon damage (mean ± standard deviation,n=7) were 29.1 ± 4.3 mm2for the Healix Peek anchor, 20.4 ± 2.3 mm2for the Fastin RC anchor, 23.4 ± 1.2 mm2for the Bio-Corkscrew Suture anchor, 13.7 ± 3.2 mm2for the Healix Transtend anchor inserted directly, and 9.1±2.1 mm2for the Healix Transtend anchor inserted through the Percannula system (P<0.001orP<0.001, compared to other anchors).Conclusions. In a cadaver transtendon rotator cuff repair model, smaller anchors caused less damage to the tendon tissues. The Healix Transtend implant system caused the least damage to the tendon tissues. Our findings suggest that smaller anchors should be considered when performing transtendon procedures to repair partial rotator cuff tears.
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Hu, Cun, Junfeng Chen, Chun Fai Leung, Yean Khow Chow, and Zhichuan Li. "Pull-Out Mechanism of Horizontal and Inclined Plate Anchors in Normally Consolidated Clay." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101103.
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As most existing experimental studies on plate anchors were carried out in uniform clay, a centrifuge model study is presented in this paper to investigate the pull-out behaviour of plate anchors in normally consolidated clay, which is not uncommon in offshore seabed. Horizontal and inclined anchors with different embedment depths and aspect ratios (length to width) are considered. The soil movement pattern around the plate anchor is evaluated from high-resolution photographs taken during the tests employing the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. The separation mechanism at the plate-soil interface is hence identified. The significant contribution of suction towards the ultimate pull-out capacity of a plate anchor is quantified by monitoring the soil resistance and the pore pressure beneath the anchor base under undrained condition. By comparing the pull-out responses of horizontal and inclined anchors, the effect of anchor inclination on the anchor capacity and failure mechanism is evaluated.
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Urquhart, Paula, Susan Pang, and Nigel M. Hooper. "N-glycans as apical targeting signals in polarized epithelial cells." Biochemical Society Symposia 72 (January 1, 2005): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0720039.
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MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells represent a good model of polarized epithelium to investigate the signals involved in the apical targeting of proteins. As reported previously, GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchors mediate the apical sorting of proteins in polarized epithelial cells through their interaction with lipid rafts. However, using a naturally N-glycosylated and GPI-anchored protein, we found that the GPI anchor does not influence the targeting of the protein. It is, in fact, the N-glycans that signal the protein to the apical surface. In the present review, the role of N-glycans and GPI anchors as apical signals is discussed along with the putative mechanisms involved.
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Scranton, Pierce E., S. Michael Lawhon, and John E. McDermott. "Bone Suture Anchor Fixation in the Lower Extremity: A Review of Insertion Principles and a Comparative Biomechanical Evaluation." Foot & Ankle International 26, no. 7 (July 2005): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070502600703.
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Background: Suture anchors have been developed for the fixation of ligaments, capsules, or tendons to bone. These devices have led to improved fixation, smaller incisions, earlier limb mobility, and improved outcomes. They were originally developed for use in shoulder reconstructions but are now used in almost all extremities. In the lower leg they are used in the tibia, the talus, the calcaneus, tarsal bones, and phalanges. Nevertheless, techniques for insertion and mechanisms of failure are not well described. Methods: Five suture anchors were studied to determine the pullout strength in four distal cadaver femurs and four proximal cadaver tibias from 55- and 62-year-old males. Eight hundred ninety Newton line was used, testing the anchors to failure with an Instron testing device (Instron, Norwood, MA). The anchor devices were inserted randomly and tested blindly (12 tests per anchor device, 60 tests in all). Results: Two anchors in each group tested failed at low loads. Both types of plastic anchors had failures at the eyelet. Average pullout strength varied from 85.4 to 185.6 N. Conclusions: Insertion techniques are specific for each device, and they must be followed for optimal fixation. In this study, in all five groups of anchors tested two of the 12 anchors in each group failed with minimal force. On the basis of this finding we recommend that, if suture anchor fixation is necessary, at least two anchors should be used. Since there appears to be a percentage of failure in all devices, the second anchor can serve as a backup. It is imperative that surgeons be familiar with the insertion techniques of each device before use.
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Sivakumar, V., B. C. O'Kelly, M. R. Madhav, C. Moorhead, and B. Rankin. "Granular anchors under vertical loading – axial pull." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 2 (February 2013): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0203.
Full textAbstract:
Granular anchors are a relatively new concept in ground engineering with relatively little known regarding their load–displacement behaviour, failure modes, ultimate pullout capacity, and also potential applications. A granular anchor consists of three main components: a base plate, tendon, and compacted granular backfill. The tendon is used to transmit the applied load to the base plate, which compresses the granular material to form the anchor. A study of the load–displacement response and ultimate pullout capacity of granular anchors constructed in intact lodgement till and made ground deposits is reported in this paper. Parallel tests were also performed on cast in situ concrete anchors, which are traditionally used for anchoring purposes. A new method of analysis for the determination of the ultimate pullout capacity of granular anchors is presented and verified experimentally, with the dominant mode of failure controlled by the column length (L) to diameter (D) ratio. Granular anchors with L/D > 7 principally failed by bulging whereas short granular anchors failed on shaft resistance, with the latter mobilizing similar pullout capacities as conventional concrete anchors.
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Pratama, Aditya Putra, Hary Christady Hardyatmo, and Fikri Faris. "Parametric Study of the Effect of Ground Anchor on Deep Excavation Stability." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.47514.
Full textAbstract:
Apartment construction is mostly carried out by including deep excavation works. However, excavation causes land instability; hence, the work needs to be done by a particular handler. In some cases, deep excavation is carried out on soft soil, which has a very high level of soil instability; therefore, a specific handling method such as ground anchor is required as an alternative. This study aims to conduct parametric research on the effect of using anchors on the stability of deep excavation. First, anchors of various slopes were modelled while varying the number of anchors up to four pieces. From the results of the study, the requirements representing the most efficient use of anchors were selected, and then various anchor bond lengths were modelled. Finally, the effect of applying various magnitudes of prestress forces to the anchor was determined. All of the models were examined to determine the influence on the stability of the deep excavation by observing the horizontal displacement and the forces that occur on the secant pile. From the analysis results, it can be concluded that the most effective slope angle is 0°. The displacement and forces occurred in the secant piles on the use of two, three, or four anchors has not a significant difference. The application of a higher prestress force on the anchor would yield better results as long as it is not exceeding 200 kN. However, in the case of an apartment building’s plans in Surabaya, the optimal anchor usage was found to be the use of two anchors with a 45° slope, 4.5 m for the first (A) and second (B) anchor bond lengths, 15 m free length anchor, 2.5 m vertical anchor distance, 1.2 m horizontal anchor distance, and the application of 200 kN prestress force.
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Costigan, Robert, Sait Gurbuz, and Unsal Sigri. "Schein’s Career Anchors." Journal of Career Development 45, no. 3 (November 1, 2016): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316676903.
Full textAbstract:
The purposes of this study are to (1) examine the factorial validity of Schein’s career anchors orientation inventory (COI), comparing the original eight-factor model with an alternative nine-factor model, (2) examine the cross-cultural invariance of the COI and its factor structure across two countries, (3) investigate whether core self-evaluations (CSE) is associated with career anchors, and (4) determine whether the relationship between CSE and career anchors varies by country. Survey data were collected from 469 participants (230 from the United States and 239 from Turkey). Based on multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, the results indicated that the alternative nine-factor career anchor model of the COI has better factorial validity and configural invariance than Schein’s eight-factor model. The findings showed support for the association between CSE and the pure challenge anchor and a moderating effect of culture on the relationship between CSE and two other anchors.
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Yan, Nan, Xueying Liu, Mingyi Zhang, Xiaoyu Bai, Zheng Kuang, Yongfeng Huang, Desheng Jing, Jun Yan, Cuicui Li, and Zhongsheng Wang. "Analytical Calculation of Critical Anchoring Length of Steel Bar and GFRP Antifloating Anchors in Rock Foundation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7838042.
Full textAbstract:
Antifloating anchors are widely used during the construction of slab foundations to prevent uplift. However, existing methods for calculating the critical length of these anchors have limited capabilities and therefore require further research. As the mechanisms which govern the displacement and stability of antifloating anchors are closely related to those of piles subject to uplift, a simplified anchor model has been developed based on existing concentric thin-walled cylinder shear transfer models used for pile design. Analytical expressions for the critical length of the steel bar and GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) antifloating anchors in rock are derived accordingly before demonstrating the validity of the method through engineering examples. The research results show that when the length of an antifloating anchor is less than a critical length, shear slip failure occurs between the anchor and surrounding material due to excessive shear stress. When the length of an anchor approaches the critical length, the shear stress gradually decreases to the undisturbed state. If the anchor length is larger than the critical length, the uplift loads are safely transferred to the ground without causing failure. The ratio of elastic modulus between the anchor and rock mass was found to be positively correlated with the critical anchoring length. Because the elastic modulus of GFRP bars is lower than that of steel bars, the critical anchoring length of GFRP bars is greater than that of steel bars under the same anchor-to-rock modulus ratio (Ea/Es). The results show that the proposed calculation method for the critical length of antifloating anchors appears valid and could provide a theoretical basis for the design of antifloating anchors after further refinement.
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Benmokrane, Brahim. "Étude par éléments finis du comportement à l'arrachement des ancrages injectés dans le roc." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-017.
Full textAbstract:
The uplift behavior of grouted rock anchors is little known despite their increasing use within the last few years and during which their field of application has been greatly broadened. The behavior of anchors is usually controlled at great cost after installation through field tests. Generally, their design is based on experience and an engineer with lesser experience finds it extremely difficult to design one. Furthermore, present methods for dimensioning anchors generally result in oversizing the anchors' grouted length without a corresponding improvement in the safety factor. To provide a more fundamental approach to designing grouted rock anchors, a finite element analysis of the uplift behavior has been carried out. The results of the analysis using isoparametric quadrilateral elements with eight nodes are presented in this article. Results of failure loads and modes obtained from anchors installed in the field are well predicted by the model. Key words: rock mass, grouted anchor, cement grout, finite elements, uplift of an anchor.
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Zixuan, Wang, Ye Mao, and Xiang Runze. "Design of Virtual Anchor Based on 3Dmax." Communication, Society and Media 6, no. 3 (August 27, 2023): p97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v6n3p97.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of virtual reality and live streaming technologies, virtual anchors have become increasingly popular in recent years. In this paper, we propose a design method of virtual anchors based on 3DMAX. Through the use of modeling, rigging, and animation techniques, virtual anchors with realistic appearances and human-like movements can be created. We also explore the application of machine learning technologies in improving the interaction between virtual anchors and users. In addition, we provide a case study on the design and implementation of a virtual anchor for a popular live streaming platform. Our results show that the use of 3DMAX in virtual anchor design can greatly enhance user engagement and improve the overall user experience.Virtual anchor design technology based on 3DMAX is a highly complex design work, which requires designers to have a variety of skills and creative capabilities, and needs to fully consider the needs of the audience and the development trend of the industry. Designers should also have certain cultural accumulation and creative ability, and be able to design an attractive and valuable virtual anchor image from the perspective of the audience.This paper analyzes the production and design of the current virtual anchors, in order to provide some reference significance for the production, operation and commercial realization of the virtual anchors in the future.
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Zhang, Ming-yi, Zheng Kuang, Xiao-yu Bai, and Xiao-yu Chen. "Pullout Behavior of GFRP Anti-Floating Anchor Based on the FBG Sensor Technology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (December 27, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6424791.
Full textAbstract:
Building anti-floating anchors have been increasingly used in recent years, but conventional steel anchors under service conditions are easily subjected to chemical erosion. Glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) is a promising solution to this problem. In this study, field pullout tests were conducted on three full instrumented GFRP anti-floating anchors in weathered granite. Specifically, the GFRP anchors during pultrusion were innovatively embedded with bare fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to monitor the axial force distribution along depth. It was found that the embedded FBG could reliably monitor the axial force distribution of GFRP anchors. The ultimate pullout force of a GFRP anchor with diameter of 28 mm and anchorage length of 5 m was up to 400 kN. The GFRP anchor yielded at 0.8 m underground. Force distribution and field photos at failure indicated shear failure occurred at the anchor/bolt interface at the end of the tests. The feasibility of the GFRP anti-floating anchor was also verified in civil engineering. Finally, an elastic mechanical model and Mindlin’s displacement solution are used to get distribution functions of axial force and shear stress along the depth, and the results accord with the test results.